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題名 社會資本與韌性: COVID-19疫情下菲律賓社會企業之作為
Social Capital and Resilience: Evidence from Philippine Social Enterprises during the COVID-19 Pandemic作者 陳美雪
Rosales, Michelle Anne N.貢獻者 林月雲
Lin, Carol
陳美雪
Michelle Anne N. Rosales關鍵詞 社會企業
韌性
社會資本
菲律賓
新冠病毒
大流行病
中小微企業
social enterprises
resilience
social capital
Philippines
COVID-19
pandemic
MSMEs日期 2021 上傳時間 4-八月-2021 15:06:42 (UTC+8) 摘要 The onset of COVID-19 has created a multitude of challenges to the health systems all over the world. With the gravity of its consequences, countries across the globe implemented various stringent measures to curb its spread. With these strict measures in place, the ripple effect of the pandemic has further created adverse consequences – extending to each country’s socio-economic landscape. For developing countries like the Philippines, social enterprises are key actors in helping society cope due to their proximity to marginalized and vulnerable communities. Although embodying this crucial role, social enterprises themselves were also experiencing first-hand the impact of the pandemic. However, while there are various studies on small business resilience, there is a lack of studies in the Philippines focusing on social enterprises and their resilience. To fill this gap, this research investigated the relationship between the social capital of Philippine social enterprises and their resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, this thesis employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data gathered from online surveys, secondary sources, and semi-structured interview. The findings from this research indicate that there is significant evidence on the influence of social capital on the overall resilience of the Philippine social enterprises during the pandemic. Furthermore, findings also showed how the enterprise`s structural, relational, and cognitive capitals interact and relate to one another, which – in effect – influences their resilience. Therefore, this study shows how small businesses could compensate for their lack of resources, compared to larger enterprises, through its network of relationships, in order to survive – or even thrive – during the pandemic. Finally, this thesis illustrates that, despite the challenges brought by the pandemic, social enterprises have the capacity to continue their positive societal impact through their engagement with marginalized and vulnerable communities while remaining operationally, commercially, and financially resilient. 參考文獻 Al-Dahash, H., Kulatunga, U., & Thayaparan, M. (2016). Understanding the Terminologies: Disaster, Crisis and Emergency. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 320288179_Understanding_the_Terminologies_Disaster_Crisis_and_EmergencyAlesch, D., Holly, J., Mittler, E., & Nagy, R. (2001). Organizations at Risk: What Happens When Small Businesses and Not-for-Profits Encounter Natural Disasters. Public Entity Risk Institute. Retrieved from: http://www.chamberofecocommerce.com/images/ Organizations_at_Risk.pdfAnheier, H., Gerhards, J., & Romo, F. (1995). Forms of Capital and Social Structure in Cultural Fields: Examining Bourdieu`s Social Topography. American Journal of Sociology 100(4).Asian Development Bank. (2020). Asia Small and Medium-sized enterprise Monitor 2020: Volume II—COVID-19 Impact on Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developing Asia. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/ 650251/asia-sme-monitor-2020-volume-2.pdfAviva & Cebr. (2020). UK Business Resilience: The state of the nation. Retrieved from www.aviva.co.uk/adviser/documents/view/br01457c.pdfBallesteros, M. & Domingo, S. (2015). Building Philippine SMEs Resilience to Natural Disasters. PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2015-20. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Retrieved from: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/127030/ 1/pidsdps1520_rev.pdfBallesteros, M. & Llanto, G. (2017). Strengthening Social Enterprises for Inclusive Growth: Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Discussion Paper Series No. 2017-04. Retrieved from: https://base.socioeco.org/docs/pidsdps1704_rev.pdfBarone, A. (2020). Social Enterprise. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/ terms/s/social-enterprise.aspBonnici, F. (2020). Why social entrepreneurs are critical to our response to and recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/ 2020/05/schwab-foundation-covid-response-alliance-social-entrepreneurs-coronavirus-recovery -response/British Council, United Nations Economic and Social Commission in Asia and the Pacific, European Union, Philippine Social Enterprise Network. (2017). Reaching the Farthest First: The State of Social Enterprise in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/the_state_of_social_enterprise_in_the_philippines_british_council_singlepage_web.pdfCenter for American Entrepreneurship. (n.d.). What is Entrepreneurship?. Retrieved from https://startupsusa.org/what-is-entrepreneurship/Chell, E. (2007). Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship: Towards a Convergent Theory of the Entrepreneurial Process. International Business Journal 25 (1): 5-6. DOI: 10.1177/0266242607071779. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 270820321_Social_Enterprise_and_Entrepreneurship_Towards_a_Convergent_Theory_of_the_Entrepreneurial_ProcessClaridge, T. (2018). Structural, Cognitive, Relational Social Capital. Social Capital Research & Training. Retrieved from: https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/structural-cognitive-relational-social-capital/Dacanay, M.L., Toquero, R., Dimaunahan, D., & Narito, Z. (2010). Inclusive and Innovative Pathways to COVID19 Recovery: Social Entrepreneurship As Strategy In Leaving No One Behind And Building Back Better In The Philippines. Social Enterprise Action Research. Retrieved from: https://www.isea-group.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SEAR-Report_21Dec2020-Latest-Spreads.pdfDavis, J. (2010). Global Social Economy: Development, work and policy. Routledge.Department of Trade and Industry. (n.d.). 2019 Philippine MSME Statistics in Brief. Retrieved from: https://dtiwebfiles.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/BSMED/MSME+2019+ Statistics/2019+Philippine+MSME+Statistics+in+Brief.pdfDepartment of Trade and Industry. (2019). 2019 MSME Statistics. Retrieved from: https://www.dti.gov.ph/resources/msme-statistics/Dun & Bradstreet. (2011). Special Report on the Impact of Disasters on Small Businesses: Lessons learned from recent U.S. disasters. Retrieved from: https://www.dnb.com/content /dam/english/economic-and-industry-insight/special_report_on_impact_of_disasters_on_ small_businesses_2011.pdfEtchart, N. & Comolli, L. (2013). Social Enterprise in Emerging Market Countries: No Free Ride. Palgrave Macmillan.Gabbay, S. & Leender, R. (2001). Social capital of organizations: From social structure to the management of corporate social capital. Social Capital of Organizations (8). DOI: 10.1016/S0733-558X(01)18001-8. Retrieved from: https://www.emerald. com/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0733-558X(01)18001-8/full/pdf?title=social-capital-of-organizations-from-social-structure-to-the-management-of-corporate-social-capitalGaffney, S. (2020). 3 Phases of Business Resilience: Survive, Recover, Thrive. Aberdeen Strategy & Research. Retrieved from www.aberdeen.com/featured/blog-ecm-3-phases-business-resilience/Hallegatte, S. (2015). The Indirect Cost of Natural Disasters and an Economic Definition of Macroeconomic Resilience. The World Bank. Retrieved from: http://documents1. worldbank.org/curated/en/186631467998501319/pdf/WPS7357.pdfHayes, A. (2021). Entrepreneur. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ entrepreneur.aspHuybrechts, B. (2012). Social Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Drivers and Challenges. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-8349-7093-0_2. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 257380245_Social_Entrepreneurship_Definitions_Drivers_and_ChallengesJohanson, J. (2001). The Balance of Corporate Social Capital. Social Capital Organizations (18). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-558X(01)18010-9.Kay, A. (2006). Social capital, the social economy and community development. Community Development Journal 41(2). DOI: 10.1093/cdj/bsi045. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31109758_Social_Capital_the_social_economy_and_community_developmentKerlin, J. (2017), "The Macro-Institutional Social Enterprise Framework: Introduction and Theoretical Underpinnings", Kerlin, J.A. (Ed.) Shaping Social Enterprise, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-250-320171001Lyne, I., Ngin, C., & Santoyo Rio, E. (2013). Understanding Social Enterprise, Social Economy and Local Social Entrepreneurship in the Context of Rural Cambodia. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/280082142_Understanding_Social_Enterprise_ Social_Economy_and_Local_Social_Entrepreneurship_in_the_Context_of_Rural_CambodiaMehrotra, A., Gayatiri, Cepe, L., Srivastava, M., Narain, N., & Mishra, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs): The Philippines Report. Retrieved from: https://www.microsave.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Micro-Small-and-Medium-Enterprises-MSMEs-1.pdfMuniady, R., Mamun, A., Mohamad, M., Permarupan, P., & Zainol, N. (2015). The Effect of Cognitive and Relational Social Capital on Structural Social Capital and Micro-Enterprise Performance. Sage Open 5 (4). DOI: 10.1177/2158244015611187.Polyviou, M., Croxton, K., & Knemeyer, M. (2020). Resilience of medium-sized firms to supply chain disruptions: The role of internal social capital. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 40 (1). Emerald Publishing Limited. 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Retrieved from: https://www.ph.undp.org/content/philippines/en/home/presscenter/ pressreleases/202-/msme-sector-is-key-to-covid-19-inclusive-recovery-for-ph.htmlVillarroel, M. (2013). Small Businesses: Impact of Disasters and Building Resilience. UNDP. Retrieved from: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/small-businesses---impact-of-disasters-and-building-resilience.htmlWeaver, R. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on the Social Enterprise Sector. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1861476. Retrieved from: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/348009911_The_Impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_Social_ Enterprise_ SectorZheliazkov, G & Stoyanov, K. (2015). The Social Enterprise as an Alternative Economic Model for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Traditional Journal of Sciences 13. DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2015.s.01.046. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294 892778_The_Social_Enterprise_as_an_Alternative_Economic_Model_for_Small_and_Medium-Sized_Enterprises_Examples_of_Successful_Social_Enterprises_Operating_in_the _European_Union 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
108933056資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108933056 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林月雲 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Carol en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 陳美雪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Michelle Anne N. Rosales en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳美雪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Rosales, Michelle Anne N. en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-八月-2021 15:06:42 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-八月-2021 15:06:42 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-八月-2021 15:06:42 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0108933056 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136439 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108933056 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The onset of COVID-19 has created a multitude of challenges to the health systems all over the world. With the gravity of its consequences, countries across the globe implemented various stringent measures to curb its spread. With these strict measures in place, the ripple effect of the pandemic has further created adverse consequences – extending to each country’s socio-economic landscape. For developing countries like the Philippines, social enterprises are key actors in helping society cope due to their proximity to marginalized and vulnerable communities. Although embodying this crucial role, social enterprises themselves were also experiencing first-hand the impact of the pandemic. However, while there are various studies on small business resilience, there is a lack of studies in the Philippines focusing on social enterprises and their resilience. To fill this gap, this research investigated the relationship between the social capital of Philippine social enterprises and their resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, this thesis employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data gathered from online surveys, secondary sources, and semi-structured interview. The findings from this research indicate that there is significant evidence on the influence of social capital on the overall resilience of the Philippine social enterprises during the pandemic. Furthermore, findings also showed how the enterprise`s structural, relational, and cognitive capitals interact and relate to one another, which – in effect – influences their resilience. Therefore, this study shows how small businesses could compensate for their lack of resources, compared to larger enterprises, through its network of relationships, in order to survive – or even thrive – during the pandemic. Finally, this thesis illustrates that, despite the challenges brought by the pandemic, social enterprises have the capacity to continue their positive societal impact through their engagement with marginalized and vulnerable communities while remaining operationally, commercially, and financially resilient. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 11.1. Introduction 11.1.1. COVID-19 Pandemic: The Philippine Experience 11.1.2. Philippine MSMEs: A Key Sector for Inclusive Recovery 31.1.3. Social Enterprises in the Philippines 61.2. Statement of the Research Problem and Questions 81.3. Significance of the Study 81.4. Scope and Limitations of the Study 92. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 112.1. Social Enterprises 112.1.1. Social Enterprise and the Social Economy 122.1.2. Social Enterprise: On Inclusive Growth and Recovery 142.2. Business Resilience: MSMEs and Social Enterprises 142.2.1. Impact of Disasters and Crises on Small Businesses 152.2.2. Resilience in Business Context 162.2.3. Challenges to Social Enterprises During the COVID-19 Pandemic 172.3. Social Capital 182.3.1. Dimensions of Social Capital 182.3.2. Enterprises and Social Capital 203. METHODOLOGY 223.1. Conceptual Framework 223.2. Data Collection Methods 233.2.1. Online Survey 243.2.2. Review of Secondary Data 273.2.3. Semi-Structured Interview 274. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 284.1. Profile of the Surveyed Social Enterprises 284.1.1. Demographics 284.1.2. Social Commitment 314.2. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Philippine MSMEs and SEs 314.2.1. Philippine MSME Sector Experience 314.2.2. The Social Enterprise Experience 334.2.3. Comparative Response of the SEs to the Overall MSME Sector 384.3. Dynamics of Social Capital in a Social Enterprise 394.4. Analyzing the Resilience vis-à-vis the Social Capital of Social Enterprises 424.4.1. Regression Analysis 434.4.2. Mediation Analysis 454.4.3. Moderation Analysis 474.4.4. Moderated Mediation Analysis 495. CONCLUSION 525.1. Recommendation for Further Research 546. REFERENCES 557. APPENDIX 617.1. A. Survey Questionnaire 617.2. B. Variables and Operationalization 657.3. C. Interview Guide Questions 717.4. D. Analysis on the Interview 72 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3006754 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108933056 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 韌性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會資本 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 菲律賓 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠病毒 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大流行病 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中小微企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) social enterprises en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) resilience en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social capital en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Philippines en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) pandemic en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) MSMEs en_US dc.title (題名) 社會資本與韌性: COVID-19疫情下菲律賓社會企業之作為 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Social Capital and Resilience: Evidence from Philippine Social Enterprises during the COVID-19 Pandemic en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Al-Dahash, H., Kulatunga, U., & Thayaparan, M. (2016). Understanding the Terminologies: Disaster, Crisis and Emergency. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 320288179_Understanding_the_Terminologies_Disaster_Crisis_and_EmergencyAlesch, D., Holly, J., Mittler, E., & Nagy, R. (2001). Organizations at Risk: What Happens When Small Businesses and Not-for-Profits Encounter Natural Disasters. Public Entity Risk Institute. Retrieved from: http://www.chamberofecocommerce.com/images/ Organizations_at_Risk.pdfAnheier, H., Gerhards, J., & Romo, F. (1995). Forms of Capital and Social Structure in Cultural Fields: Examining Bourdieu`s Social Topography. American Journal of Sociology 100(4).Asian Development Bank. (2020). Asia Small and Medium-sized enterprise Monitor 2020: Volume II—COVID-19 Impact on Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developing Asia. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/ 650251/asia-sme-monitor-2020-volume-2.pdfAviva & Cebr. (2020). UK Business Resilience: The state of the nation. Retrieved from www.aviva.co.uk/adviser/documents/view/br01457c.pdfBallesteros, M. & Domingo, S. (2015). Building Philippine SMEs Resilience to Natural Disasters. PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2015-20. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Retrieved from: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/127030/ 1/pidsdps1520_rev.pdfBallesteros, M. & Llanto, G. (2017). Strengthening Social Enterprises for Inclusive Growth: Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Discussion Paper Series No. 2017-04. Retrieved from: https://base.socioeco.org/docs/pidsdps1704_rev.pdfBarone, A. (2020). Social Enterprise. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/ terms/s/social-enterprise.aspBonnici, F. (2020). Why social entrepreneurs are critical to our response to and recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/ 2020/05/schwab-foundation-covid-response-alliance-social-entrepreneurs-coronavirus-recovery -response/British Council, United Nations Economic and Social Commission in Asia and the Pacific, European Union, Philippine Social Enterprise Network. (2017). Reaching the Farthest First: The State of Social Enterprise in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/the_state_of_social_enterprise_in_the_philippines_british_council_singlepage_web.pdfCenter for American Entrepreneurship. (n.d.). What is Entrepreneurship?. Retrieved from https://startupsusa.org/what-is-entrepreneurship/Chell, E. (2007). Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship: Towards a Convergent Theory of the Entrepreneurial Process. International Business Journal 25 (1): 5-6. DOI: 10.1177/0266242607071779. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 270820321_Social_Enterprise_and_Entrepreneurship_Towards_a_Convergent_Theory_of_the_Entrepreneurial_ProcessClaridge, T. (2018). Structural, Cognitive, Relational Social Capital. Social Capital Research & Training. Retrieved from: https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/structural-cognitive-relational-social-capital/Dacanay, M.L., Toquero, R., Dimaunahan, D., & Narito, Z. (2010). Inclusive and Innovative Pathways to COVID19 Recovery: Social Entrepreneurship As Strategy In Leaving No One Behind And Building Back Better In The Philippines. Social Enterprise Action Research. Retrieved from: https://www.isea-group.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SEAR-Report_21Dec2020-Latest-Spreads.pdfDavis, J. (2010). Global Social Economy: Development, work and policy. Routledge.Department of Trade and Industry. (n.d.). 2019 Philippine MSME Statistics in Brief. Retrieved from: https://dtiwebfiles.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/BSMED/MSME+2019+ Statistics/2019+Philippine+MSME+Statistics+in+Brief.pdfDepartment of Trade and Industry. (2019). 2019 MSME Statistics. Retrieved from: https://www.dti.gov.ph/resources/msme-statistics/Dun & Bradstreet. (2011). Special Report on the Impact of Disasters on Small Businesses: Lessons learned from recent U.S. disasters. Retrieved from: https://www.dnb.com/content /dam/english/economic-and-industry-insight/special_report_on_impact_of_disasters_on_ small_businesses_2011.pdfEtchart, N. & Comolli, L. (2013). Social Enterprise in Emerging Market Countries: No Free Ride. Palgrave Macmillan.Gabbay, S. & Leender, R. (2001). Social capital of organizations: From social structure to the management of corporate social capital. Social Capital of Organizations (8). DOI: 10.1016/S0733-558X(01)18001-8. Retrieved from: https://www.emerald. com/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0733-558X(01)18001-8/full/pdf?title=social-capital-of-organizations-from-social-structure-to-the-management-of-corporate-social-capitalGaffney, S. (2020). 3 Phases of Business Resilience: Survive, Recover, Thrive. Aberdeen Strategy & Research. Retrieved from www.aberdeen.com/featured/blog-ecm-3-phases-business-resilience/Hallegatte, S. (2015). The Indirect Cost of Natural Disasters and an Economic Definition of Macroeconomic Resilience. The World Bank. Retrieved from: http://documents1. worldbank.org/curated/en/186631467998501319/pdf/WPS7357.pdfHayes, A. (2021). Entrepreneur. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ entrepreneur.aspHuybrechts, B. (2012). Social Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Drivers and Challenges. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-8349-7093-0_2. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 257380245_Social_Entrepreneurship_Definitions_Drivers_and_ChallengesJohanson, J. (2001). 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