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題名 社群媒體成為政治論爭的煽動空間 : 用戶的網路煽動行為與語氣分析
Turning Social Media into Trolls over Political Disputes : An Analysis of User Reactions and Tone in Online Trolling作者 張家瑜
Chang, Grace貢獻者 劉子愷
Liu, Tzu-kai
張家瑜
Chang, Grace關鍵詞 網絡民族主義
語氣分析
在線拖釣
多模態交流
Cybernationalism
Tone analysis
Online trolling
Multimodal communication日期 2021 上傳時間 1-十一月-2021 12:16:18 (UTC+8) 摘要 自 2020 年爆發的新冠疫情，人們的外出行動因封鎖管制而受到諸多限制，這也導 致原本的政治論爭在網路空間益加活躍。像是在社群媒體溝通脈絡中，人們討論有關新冠 病毒源頭的議題，往往與支持「線上民族主義」的網路挑釁者掛勾在一起。當中國成為 冠病毒的起源地，並散播到世界各地之後，熱衷於民族主義的中國網民，常對來自不同國 家且抱持不同政治立場和社會觀點的網民進行網路攻擊和煽動行為，這樣的網路煽動行為 因新冠疫情更加嚴重，其他國家的網民也往往是透過這些充滿挑釁和煽動意味的網路言論 戰爭和社群媒體溝通，而有機會與中國網民有所接觸。本論文旨在探討中國與其他國家的 網民間因政治立場和社會觀點的差異而引發的網路煽動行為，本論文針對社群媒體溝通脈 絡中，網路煽動言論的語氣和動機進行分析，並討論網路挑釁和煽動如何從社群媒體溝通 脈絡轉化為實際的政治行動。本論文首先針對來自台灣、香港和中國網民間的網路挑釁和 煽動言論進行語氣分析，接著分析中國網民與其他國家網民間的網路挑釁和煽動言論，關 注中國網民與美國網民和印度網民間的網路互動和煽動言論。本論文沿用 De Fina 提出的 「語氣分析」研究方法，分析 157 條網路挑釁和煽動言論，針對這些社群媒體溝通中的五 種語氣進行分析，包括:諷刺、和藹、咄咄逼人、中立和曖昧語氣。採用語氣分析和多模 態溝通的研究方法，本論文認為中國網民和非中國網民之間的網路攻訐很大程度上受「文 化鄰接」或「意識形態歧異」兩種因素所影響，這不僅顯示中國網民和非中國網民之間的 網路挑釁和煽動言論很多集中在民族主義和意識形態差異的爭論上，也發生在不同國家的 網民間對共同華人文化認同上的爭論。本論文也說明網路煽動言論有部分源自生活日常中 的社會事件，並從網路空間的挑釁和煽動言論，進一步在現實世界中引發後續政治效應， 這些效應有些是來自政府官員、非政府官員和一般社會大眾: 然而，有些則停留於網路溝 通層面，並沒有後續政治效應。
In the days of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been forced into lockdowns and restrictions that have moved important aspects of politics into online spaces. Arguments over the emergence of the virus have fused with trolls using cyber nationalistic content to attack netizens online. The PRC has taken a center stage as the origin of COVID-19, and as the country’s staunch nationalists are attacking others online that criticize the political and cultural opinions of their nations, which have been worsened by the pandemic. For many international netizens, their main exposure to PRC netizens is through these trolling battles. This thesis intends to analyze the tone and motivations of trolling among netizens of the PRC and other contested nations, and how some of these examples of trolling cross from social media into real political actions. This thesis examines specific examples of online trolling across Taiwan, Hong Kong and China, and explores the international contexts of the United States and India, which offer some of the examples of PRC-based trolling. To do this, I use De Fina’s proposal of tonal analysis to analyze five categories of tones (ironic, amiable, aggressive, neutral and ambiguous) in social media comments, of which there are three for Taiwan, two for Hong Kong, and two each for the United States and India. In total, there are 157 coded comments across these cases. Through the analyses of tone and multimodal communications, this thesis argues that online trolling between PRC and non-PRC netizens that is greatly motivated by claims of cultural contiguity or ideological incongruity is centered on the debates over not only nationalism and ideological difference but also shared cultural identities. 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國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
108926024資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108926024 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 劉子愷 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Tzu-kai en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 張家瑜 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Chang, Grace en_US dc.creator (作者) 張家瑜 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chang, Grace en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-十一月-2021 12:16:18 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-十一月-2021 12:16:18 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-十一月-2021 12:16:18 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0108926024 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137722 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108926024 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自 2020 年爆發的新冠疫情，人們的外出行動因封鎖管制而受到諸多限制，這也導 致原本的政治論爭在網路空間益加活躍。像是在社群媒體溝通脈絡中，人們討論有關新冠 病毒源頭的議題，往往與支持「線上民族主義」的網路挑釁者掛勾在一起。當中國成為 冠病毒的起源地，並散播到世界各地之後，熱衷於民族主義的中國網民，常對來自不同國 家且抱持不同政治立場和社會觀點的網民進行網路攻擊和煽動行為，這樣的網路煽動行為 因新冠疫情更加嚴重，其他國家的網民也往往是透過這些充滿挑釁和煽動意味的網路言論 戰爭和社群媒體溝通，而有機會與中國網民有所接觸。本論文旨在探討中國與其他國家的 網民間因政治立場和社會觀點的差異而引發的網路煽動行為，本論文針對社群媒體溝通脈 絡中，網路煽動言論的語氣和動機進行分析，並討論網路挑釁和煽動如何從社群媒體溝通 脈絡轉化為實際的政治行動。本論文首先針對來自台灣、香港和中國網民間的網路挑釁和 煽動言論進行語氣分析，接著分析中國網民與其他國家網民間的網路挑釁和煽動言論，關 注中國網民與美國網民和印度網民間的網路互動和煽動言論。本論文沿用 De Fina 提出的 「語氣分析」研究方法，分析 157 條網路挑釁和煽動言論，針對這些社群媒體溝通中的五 種語氣進行分析，包括:諷刺、和藹、咄咄逼人、中立和曖昧語氣。採用語氣分析和多模 態溝通的研究方法，本論文認為中國網民和非中國網民之間的網路攻訐很大程度上受「文 化鄰接」或「意識形態歧異」兩種因素所影響，這不僅顯示中國網民和非中國網民之間的 網路挑釁和煽動言論很多集中在民族主義和意識形態差異的爭論上，也發生在不同國家的 網民間對共同華人文化認同上的爭論。本論文也說明網路煽動言論有部分源自生活日常中 的社會事件，並從網路空間的挑釁和煽動言論，進一步在現實世界中引發後續政治效應， 這些效應有些是來自政府官員、非政府官員和一般社會大眾: 然而，有些則停留於網路溝 通層面，並沒有後續政治效應。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the days of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been forced into lockdowns and restrictions that have moved important aspects of politics into online spaces. Arguments over the emergence of the virus have fused with trolls using cyber nationalistic content to attack netizens online. The PRC has taken a center stage as the origin of COVID-19, and as the country’s staunch nationalists are attacking others online that criticize the political and cultural opinions of their nations, which have been worsened by the pandemic. For many international netizens, their main exposure to PRC netizens is through these trolling battles. This thesis intends to analyze the tone and motivations of trolling among netizens of the PRC and other contested nations, and how some of these examples of trolling cross from social media into real political actions. This thesis examines specific examples of online trolling across Taiwan, Hong Kong and China, and explores the international contexts of the United States and India, which offer some of the examples of PRC-based trolling. To do this, I use De Fina’s proposal of tonal analysis to analyze five categories of tones (ironic, amiable, aggressive, neutral and ambiguous) in social media comments, of which there are three for Taiwan, two for Hong Kong, and two each for the United States and India. In total, there are 157 coded comments across these cases. Through the analyses of tone and multimodal communications, this thesis argues that online trolling between PRC and non-PRC netizens that is greatly motivated by claims of cultural contiguity or ideological incongruity is centered on the debates over not only nationalism and ideological difference but also shared cultural identities. Some of these trolling battles have drawn from social events and have further been generating real-world political responses. Some are the real-world responses from government, non-government officials and general public, while others have remained purely online. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract 2Table of Contents 4Table of Figures and Texts 51. Introduction 71.1. Literature Review & Theoretical Framework 81.1.1. Online Trolling Motivations 91.1.2. Trolling and Cyber Nationalism in China and Taiwan 121.1.3. Trolling, Video Games, and Cyber Nationalism 171.1.4. Memes in Online Trolling and Ideological Representation 201.1.5. Online Trolling Motivations 221.2. Methodology 282. Online Trolling in the Cross-Strait Politics 322.1. The Case of “Taiwan Stupid” 332.2. The Case of #saysrytoTedros and #nevvy 452.3. The Case of Winnie the Pooh 642.4. Chapter Conclusion 763. Online Trolling Identities in Hong Kong 803.1. The Case of Jimmy Lai 813.2. The Case of Apple Daily 933.3. Chapter Conclusion 1044. Online Trolling in International Politics 1064.1. The Case of Wuheqilin 1074.2. The Case of Tiangong and Typhoon In-fa 1204.3. Chapter Conclusion 1315. Trolling in a Changing Global Context 1346. References 1487. Appendix 157 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3003097 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108926024 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網絡民族主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語氣分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 在線拖釣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多模態交流 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cybernationalism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tone analysis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Online trolling en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multimodal communication en_US dc.title (題名) 社群媒體成為政治論爭的煽動空間 : 用戶的網路煽動行為與語氣分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Turning Social Media into Trolls over Political Disputes : An Analysis of User Reactions and Tone in Online Trolling en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Al-Rawi, A. (2018). Video games, terrorism, and ISIS’s Jihad 3.0, Terrorism and Political Violence, 30(4), 740-760, doi: 10.1080/09546553.2016.1207633.Allen, K. (2019). 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