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Johnstone, Arctic Governance in a Changing World (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019).Gorbachev, Mikhail, The Speech in Murmansk: at the ceremonial meeting on the occasion of the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal to the city of Murmansk, October 1, 1987 (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency, 1987).Greaves, Wilfrid, Breaking Through: Understanding Sovereignty and Security in the Circumpolar Arctic (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021).Griffiths, Franklin, Politics of the Northwest Passage (Kingston, Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1987).Gutsulyak, Vasiliy, International Maritime Law from the Russian Perspective: A Comprehensive Guide for Shipmasters, Lawyers and Cadets, (Boca Raton, US: Universal Press, 2017).Harrison, James, Making the Law of the Sea: A Study in the Development of International Law (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011)Johnson, Lindy S., Coastal State Regulation of International Shipping (NY: Oceana TM, 2004).Kittichaisaree, Kriangsak, The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2021).Lagutina, Maria L., Russia`s Arctic Policy in the Twenty-First Century: National and International Dimensions (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2021).M’Gonigle, R. Michael & Mark W. Zacher, Pollution, Politics, and International Law: Tankers at Sea, First edition (Berkeley, US: University of California Press, 1979).Molenaar, Erik, Coastal State Jurisdiction Over Vessel-Source Pollution (Hague / Boston / London: Kluwer Law International, 1998).Nordquist, Myron H. et al., United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 : A Commentary (Volume IV) (Dordrecht / Boston / Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 1990).Østreng, Willy et al., Shipping in Arctic Waters: A Comparison of the Northeast, Northwest and Trans Polar Passages (London, UK: Springer, 2013).Pharand, Donat Canada’s Arctic Waters in international law (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988)Ringbom, Henrik, The EU Maritime Safety Policy and International Law (Leiden / Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008).Roach, J. Ashley and Robert W. Smith, Excessive Maritime Claims, Third edition (Leiden / Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2012).Rothwell, Donald R. et al, The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017).Schönfeldt, Kristina , The Arctic in International Law and Policy (Documents in International Law) (Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing, 2017).Sergunin, Alexander & Valery Konyshev, Russia’s Arctic Strategy: Hard or Soft Power? (Stuttgart, Germany: Ibidem-Verlag, 2016).Skodvin, Knut E., Freedom of Navigation in the Exclusive Economic Zone under the LOS Convention: Balancing Coastal and Maritime State Interests, (Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen, 2013).Struzik, Edward, Northwest Passage: The Quest For an Arctic Route to the East (Toronto: Key Porter Books, 1991).Tanaka, Yoshifumi, The International Law of the Sea, Third edition (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2019).二、 書籍專章Bartenstein, Kristin and Aldo Chircop, “Polar Shipping Law,” in Karen N. Scott and David L. VanderZwaag eds., Research Handbook on Polar Law (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2020).Brubaker, R. Douglas,“The Russian Arctic Straits,” in Gerard J. Mangone ed., International Straits of The World (Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2005).Butler, William E., “Northeast Arctic Passage,” in Gerard J. Mangone ed., International Straits of The World (Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2005).Franckx, Erik, “The ‘New’ Arctic Passages and the ‘Old’ Law of the Sea,” in Henrik Ringbom ed., Jurisdiction Over Ships: Post-UNCLOS Developments in the Law of the Sea (Leiden / Boston: Brill Nijhoff, 2015).Legault, Leonard, “Protecting the Marine Environment,” in John Holmes & John Kirton eds., Canada and the New Internationalism (Toronto, Canada: Center for International Studies, University of Toronto, 1988).M’Gonigle, R. Michael & Mark W. Zacher, “Canadian Foreign Policy and the Control of Marine Pollution,” in Barbara Johns & Mark Zacher eds., Canadian Foreign Policy and the Law of the Sea, (Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 1977).McConchie Roger D. & Robert S. Reid, “Canadian Foreign Policy and International Straits,” in Barbara Johns & Mark Zacher eds., Canadian Foreign Policy and the Law of the Sea, (Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 1977).McDorman, Ted L., “A Note on the Potential Conflicting Treaty Rights and Obligations between the IMO’s Polar Code and Article 234 of the Law of the Sea Convention,” in Suzanne Lalonde & Ted L. McDorman eds., International Law and Politics of the Arctic Ocean: Essays in Honor of Donat Pharand, (Leiden / Boston: Brill Nijhoff, 2015).McDorman, Ted L., “National Measures for the Safety of Navigation in Arctic Waters: NORDREG, Article 234 and Canada,” in Myron H. Nordquist et al. eds., The Law of the Sea Convention: US Accession and Globalization (Leiden / Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2012).McRae, Donald M., “The Negotiation of Article 234,” in Franklyn Griffiths ed., Politics of the Northwest Passage (Kingston, Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1987).Moore, Norton, “The UNCLOS Negotiations on Ice-covered Areas,” in Myron Nordquist, Thomas Heidar and Norton Moore eds., Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea (Leiden / Boston : Martinus Nijhoff, 2010).Roach, J. Ashley, “A Note on Making the Polar Code Mandatory,” in Suzanne Lalonde & Ted L. McDorman eds., International Law and Politics of the Arctic Ocean: Essays in Honor of Donat Pharand, (Leiden / Boston: Brill Nijhoff, 2015).三、 期刊論文Anderson III, H. Edwin, “Polar Shipping, The Forthcoming Polar Code and Implications for the Polar Environments,” Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, Vol. 43, Issue 1 (2012), pp. 59-84.Bartenstein, Kristin, “Between the Polar Code and Article 234: The Balance in Canada’s Arctic Shipping Safety and Pollution Prevention Regulations,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 50, No. 4 (2019), pp. 335-362.Bartenstein, Kristin, “The ‘Arctic Exception’ in the Law of the Sea Convention: A Contribution to Safer Navigation in the Northwest Passage?,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 42, Issue 1-2 (2011), pp. 22-52.Bloom, Evan, “Establishment of the Arctic Council,” The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 93, No. 3 (July, 1999), pp. 712-722.Bobrova, Yulia et al., “The Northern Sea Route: National Legal Regime and the Polar Code,” Revue Belge De Droit International, Vol. 51, No. 2 (2018), pp. 405-418.Bognar, Dorottya, “The elephant in the room: article 234 of the Law of the Sea Convention and the Polar Code as an incompletely theorised agreement,” The Polar Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2018), pp. 182-203.Bognar, Dorottya, “The elephant in the room: article 234 of the Law of the Sea Convention and the Polar Code as an incompletely theorised agreement” The Polar Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2018), pp. 182-203.Bognar-Lahr, Dorottya, “In the Same Boat? 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Comparative Perspectives on the Governance of Navigation and Shipping in Canadian and Russian Arctic Waters,” Ocean Yearbook Online, Vol. 28, No. 1 (2014), pp. 291-327.Chircop, Aldo, “The Growth of International Shipping in the Arctic: Is a Regulatory Review Timely?,” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 24, No.2 (2009), pp. 355-380.Dremliuga, Roman, “A Note on the Application of Article 234 of the Law of the Sea Convention in Light of Climate Change: Views from Russia,” Ocean Development &International Law, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2017), pp. 128-135.Franckx, Erik, “Non-Soviet shipping in the Northeast Passage, and the legal status of Proliv Vil`kitskogo,” Polar Record, Vol. 24, No. 151 (1988), pp. 269-276.Franckx, Erik, “The Legal Regime of Navigation in the Russian Arctic,” Journal of Transnational Law & Policy, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2009), pp. 327-342.Gavrilov, Viatcheslav et al., “Article 234 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and reduction of ice cover in the Arctic Ocean,” Marine Policy, Vol. 106 (2019), pp. 1-6.Grunawalt, Richard J. “United States policy on international straits,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 18, Issue 4 (1987), pp. 445-458.Hakapää, Kari “Foreign Ships in Vulnerable Waters: Coastal Jurisdiction over Vessel-Source Pollution with Special Reference to the Baltic Sea,” International Journal of Legal Information, Vol. 33, Issue 2 (2005), pp. 256-266.Hartmann, Jacques “Regulating Shipping in the Arctic Ocean: An Analysis of State Practice,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 49, No. 3 (2018), pp. 276-299.Isted, Kathryn, “Sovereignty in the Arctic: An Analysis of Territorial Disputes & Environmental Policy Considerations,” Journal of Transnational Law and Policy, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2009), pp. 343-376.Jensen, Øystein, “Arctic Shipping Guidelines: Towards a Legal Regime for Navigation Safety and Environmental Protection,” Polar Record, Vol. 44, Issue (2008), pp. 107-114.Jensen, Øystein, “The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Finalization, Adoption and Law of the Sea Implications,” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2016), pp. 60-82.Kikkert, Peter, “Promoting National Interests and Fostering Cooperation: Canada and the Development of a Polar Code”, Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, Vol. 43, Issue 3 (2012), pp. 319-334.Klyuev, Vitalii, “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Concerning State Regulation of Merchant Shipping in the Area of the Northern Sea Route,” The Arctic Herald, No. 3 (2012), pp. 72–77.Kolodkin, A. L. and M. E. Volosov, “The legal regime of the Soviet Arctic: Major issues,” Marine Policy, Vol. 14, Issue 2 (1990), pp. 158-168.Kraska, James, “The Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zone Regulations (NORDREG) and the Law of the Sea,” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 30, No. 2 (2015), pp. 225-254.Lalonde, Suzanne and Lasserre, Frédéric, “The Position of the United States on the Northwest Passage: Is the Fear of Creating a Precedent Warranted?,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 44, No. 1 (2013), pp. 28-72.McDorman, Ted L., “In the wake of the Polar Sea: Canadian jurisdiction and the northwest passage,” Marine Policy, Vol. 10, Issue 4 (1986), pp. 243-257.McKinnon, J. Bruce, “Arctic Baselines: A Litore Usque ad Litus,” The Canadian Bar Review, Vol. 66, No. 4 (1987), pp. 790-817.McRae, Donald M. “Arctic Waters and Canadian Sovereignty,” International Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3 (1983), pp. 476-492.McRae, Donald M. and D. J. Goundrey. “Environmental Jurisdiction in Arctic Waters: The Extent of Article 234,” Univeristy of British Columbia Law Review, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1982), pp. 197-228.Molenaar, Erik J., “Options for Regional Regulation of Merchant Shipping Outside IMO, with Particular Reference to the Arctic Region,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2014), pp. 272-298.Oxman, Bernard H., “The Duty to Respect Generally Accepted International Standards,” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1991), pp. 109-159.Peresypkin, Vsevolod & Vladimir Vasilyev, “The Russian Arctic Marine Transportation Policy,” Ocean Yearbook, Vol. 24, No. 1 (2010), pp. 411-424.Perry, Mike “Rights of Passage: Canadian Sovereignty and International Law in the Arctic,” University of Detroit Mercy Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 4 (1997), pp. 657-684.Pharand, Donat “Freedom of the Seas in the Arctic Ocean,” The University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2 (1969), pp. 210-233.Pharand, Donat, “Innocent Passage in the Arctic,” The Canadian Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 6, (1968), pp. 3-60.Pharand, Donat, “The Arctic Waters and the Northwest Passage: A Final Revisit,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 38, Issue 1-2 (2007), pp. 3-69.Pharand, Donat, “The Arctic Waters and the Northwest Passage: A Final Revisit,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 38, Issue 1-2 (2007), pp. 3-69.Richardson, Elliot L., Anotoli L. Kolodkin, Jon Jacobson, Alan E. Boyle, Donat Pharand and Elihu Lauterpacht, “Legal Regimes of the Arctic,” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) , Vol. 82 (April 20-23, 1988), pp. 347-372.Schachte Jr., William L. & J. Peter A. Bernhardt, “International Straits and Navigational Freedoms,” Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 33, No. 3 (1993), pp. 527-556.Solski, Jan Jakub “The Genesis of Article 234 of the UNCLOS,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 52, Issue 1 (2021), pp. 1-19.Solski, Jan Jakub, “New Developments in Russian Regulation of Navigation on the Northern Sea Route,” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 4, No. 1 (2013) pp. 90-119.W. Konan, Raymond, “The Manhattan’s Arctic Conquest and Canada’s Response in Legal Diplomacy,” Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 2 (1970), pp. 189-204.Westermeyer, William E. & Vinod Goyal, “Jurisdiction and Management of Arctic Marine Transportation,” Arctic, Vol. 39, No. 4 (1986), pp. 338-349.四、 官方文件“A Review of Canada’s Ship-source Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Regime—Setting the Course for the Future,” Transport Canada, (November 15, 2013).“A Review of Canada’s Ship-source Spill Preparedness and Response: Setting the Course for the Future, Phase II – Requirements for the Arctic and for Hazardous and Noxious Substances Nationally,” Transport Canada, (September 30, 2014).“Amendments MARPOL Annexes I, II, IV and V,” IMO Doc., Resolution MEPC.265(68), (adopted on May 15, 2015).“Amendments to the Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-covered Waters,” IMO Doc., DE 52/9/2 (January 9, 2009).“Amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974,” IMO Doc., Resolution MSC.386(94), (adopted on November 21, 2014).“Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978,” IMO Doc., Resolution MSC.416(97), (adopted on November 25, 2016).“Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report,” Arctic Council, (April, 2009 second printing).“Canada, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Proposed Framework for the Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters,” IMO Doc., DE 53/18/2 (November 20, 2009).“Canada, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Application of Requirements in the Mandatory Polar Code,” IMO Doc., DE 55/12/7 (January 14, 2011).“Canada, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Access Limits for Operation in Polar Waters,” IMO Doc., DE 56/10/15 (December 24, 2011).“Canada, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Escort Operations,” IMO Doc., DE 56/10/16 (December 24, 2011).“Canada, Reports of Sub-Committees: Comments on the Outcome of SDC 1: Amendments to the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating to Thereto (MARPOL),” IMO Doc., MEPC 66/11/7 (February 21, 2014).“Canada, Safety of Navigation: Comments on MSC 88/11/2,” IMO Doc., MSC 88/11/3 (October 5, 2010).“Canada, Ship Design and Construction: Amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,” IMO Doc., MSC 93/10/12 (March 25, 2014).“Canada, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Importance to Safe Operation of Understanding Sea Ice Conditions,” IMO Doc., DE 56/10/17 (December 24, 2011).“Canada, Draft Articles for a Comprehensive Marine Pollution Convention,” UN Doc., A/AC.138/SC.III/L.28 (March 9, 1973).“Canada’s Northern Strategy: Our North, Our heritage, Our Future,” Government of Canada, (2009).“Denmark, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: HAZID Analysis of Ships Navigating in Arctic Waters,” IMO Doc., DE 53/18/5 (December 18, 2009).“Development of a Code on Polar Navigation: International Code of Safety for Ships in Polar Waters,” IMO Doc., DE 41/10 (March, 1998).“Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Report of the Working Group (Part 1),” IMO Doc., DE 55/WP.4 (March 24, 2011).“Diplomatic Note from the United States to Canada regarding NORDREG,” US Department of State (19 March 2010).“Final Report of the Twenty-Seventh Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting,” Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2004).“Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law,” UN Doc., A/CN.4/L/682 (April 13, 2006).“Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-covered Waters,” IMO Doc., MSC/Circ.1056 & MEPC/Circ.399 (December 23, 2002).“Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-covered Waters,” IMO Doc., DE 52/INF.4 (December 12, 2008).“Guidelines for Ships Operating in Polar Waters,” IMO Doc., A 26/Res.1024 (January 18, 2010).“IMO Polar Code Advisory,” American Bureau of Shipping (January 2016).“Implications of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for the International Maritime Organization,” IMO Doc., LEG/MISC. 8 (2014).“Informal Composite Negotiating Text, Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/WP.10, Vol. VIII (Informal Composite Negotiating Text, Sixth Session).“Informal Composite Negotiating Text, revision 1, Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/WP.10/Rev.1, Vol. VIII (Informal Composite Negotiating Text, Sixth Session).“Informal Composite Negotiating Text, revision 2, Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/WP.10/Rev.2, Vol. VIII (Informal Composite Negotiating Text, Sixth Session).“Informal Single Negotiating Text, Part III, Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/WP.8/PART III, Vol. IV.“International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code),” IMO Doc., Resolution MEPC.264(68), (adopted on May 15, 2015) in MEPC 68/21/Add.1, Annex 10 (June 5, 2015).“International Code of Safety for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code),” IMO Doc., Resolution MSC.385(94), (adopted on November 21, 2014).“International Code of Safety for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code),” IMO Doc., Resolution MSC.385(94), (adopted on November 21, 2014).“LOS Conference—Classified Analysis and Supplement to Final Report on Caracas Session,” US Department of State, Confidential message (August 30, 1974), Declassified and released (June 30, 2005).“LOS: Arctic Pollution Article,” US Department of State, Confidential message (April 30, 1976), Declassified and released (May 4, 2006).“LOS: Regional Pollution Agreement for Arctic,” US Department of State, Confidential message (May 3, 1974), Declassified and released (June 30, 2005).“LOS: Soviet Approach on Arctic,” US Department of State, Confidential message (April 23, 1975), Declassified and released (July 5, 2006).“Negotiations with Canadians on Environmental Special Area for Arctic and Transit of International Straits,” US Department of State, Confidential message (January 15, 1975), Declassified and released (July 5, 2006).“Norway, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Report of the Correspondence Group,” IMO Doc., DE 56/10/1 (November 11, 2011).“Note by the Secretariat: Legal opinion on making the Polar Code mandatory,” IMO Doc. MEPC 62/11/4/Add.1 (May 6, 2011).“Report of The Marine Environment Protection Committee on its Fifty-Ninth Session,” IMO Doc., MEPC 59/24 (July 27, 2009).“Report of The Marine Environment Protection Committee on its Forty-Eighth Session,” IMO Doc., MEPC 48/21 (October 24, 2002).“Report of The Marine Environment Protection Committee on its Sixty-Third Session,” IMO Doc., MEPC 63/23 (March 14, 2012).“Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its Sixty-Sixth Session,” IMO Doc., MEPC 66/21 (April 25, 2014).“Report of The Maritime Safety Committee on its Eighty-Eighth Session,” IMO Doc., MSC 88/26/Add.1 (January 19, 2011).“Report of The Maritime Safety Committee on its Eighty-Sixth Session,” IMO Doc., MSC 86/26 (June 12, 2009).“Report of The Maritime Safety Committee on its Ninety-First Session,” IMO Doc., MSC 91/22 (December 17, 2012).“Report of The Maritime Safety Committee on its Seventy-Ninth Session,” IMO Doc., MSC 79/23 (December 15, 2004).“Report of The Maritime Safety Committee,” IMO Doc., DE 52/21 (April 14, 2009).“Report to The Maritime Safety Committee and The Marine Environment Protection Committee,” IMO Doc., DE57/25 (April 5, 2013).“Report to the Maritime Safety Committee,” IMO Doc. SDC 1/26 (February 11, 2014).“Report to the Maritime Safety Committee,” IMO Doc., DE 55/22 (April 15, 2011).“Report to the Maritime Safety Committee,” IMO Doc., DE 56/25 (February 28, 2012).“Report to The Maritime Safety Committee,” IMO Doc., DE 56/25 (February 28, 2012).“Requirements for Ships Intended for Polar Waters,” IMO Doc., MSC 59/30/32 (April 12, 1991).“Revised single negotiating text (part III), Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/WP.8/Rev.1/Part III, Vol. V.“Russian Federation, Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: A Proposal to Appoint Categories Depending on the Ice Reinforcements of Ships,” IMO Doc., DE 56/10/14 (December 24, 2011).“Russian Federation. Development of a Mandatory Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Procedure of Accounting for National Regulations,” IMO Doc., DE 55/12/23 (February 1, 2011.).“Ship Design and Equipment,” IMO Doc., MSC 79/8/2 (August 18, 2004)“Ship Design and Equipment,” IMO Doc., MSC 79/INF.2 (August 20, 2004).“Statement on Canada’s Arctic Foreign Policy,” Government of Canada, (May 12, 2017).“Summary Records of Meetings of the Third Committee 4th Meeting, 16 July 1974, Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/C.3/SR.4, Vol. II.“Summary Records of Plenary Meetings 27th Plenary Meeting, 3 July 1974, Official Records of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,” UN Doc., A/CONF.62/SR.27, Vol. I.“The Arctic Sunrise Arbitration (Netherlands v. Russia),” Permanent Court of Arbitration, Award on the Merits, (August 14, 2015).“The Corfu Channel case (Merits),” International Court of Justice, (April 9, 1949).“The development strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation,” Government of Russia, (February 20, 2013).“UN General Assembly Resolution 2340 (XII),” UN Doc., (18 December 1967)“UN General Assembly Resolution 2750 C (XXV),” UN Doc., (17 December 1970).“United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 5-16 June 1972, Stockholm,” UN Doc., (accessed May 21, 2021).“USSR: Draft articles for a convention on general principles for the preservation of the marine environment,” UN Doc., A/AC.138/SC.III/L.32 (March 15, 1973).“Work Programme-Mandatory application of the polar guidelines Submitted by Denmark, Norway and the United States,” IMO Doc., MSC 86/23/9 (February 24, 2009).五、 國際公約/條約“Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on Arctic Cooperation,” Government of Canada, (1988).“Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone,” Geneva, (April 29, 1958).“International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL),” International Maritime Organization, Adoption: 1973 (Convention), 1978 (1978 Protocol), 1997 (Protocol - Annex VI); Entry into force: October 2, 1983 (Annexes I and II).“International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974,” International Maritime Organization, Adoption: November 1, 1974; Entry into force: May 25, 1980.“International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW),” International Maritime Organization, Adoption: 7 July 1978; Entry into force: 28 April 1984; Major revisions in 1995 and 2010“United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,” Montego Bay, Jamaica, (December 10, 1982).“Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,” Vienna, (May 23, 1969).六、 國內法規範“Amendments to the Rules of Navigation in the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route,” Ministry of Transport of Russian Federation, (January 17, 2013).“An Act to amend the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act,” Government of Canada, S.C. 2009, c. 11, .“Arctic Shipping Safety and Pollution Prevention Regulations (ASSPPR),” Government of Canada, SOR/2017-286, .“Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act (AWPPA),” Government of Canada, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-12, .“Explanatory Note to the Draft of Federal Law ‘On Introduction of Changes to Some Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation as Related to the Governmental Regulation of Merchant Shipping in the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route’,” The Northern Sea Route Administration, .“Guidelines on the Application of The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Water (Polar Code),” Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, ND No. 2-030101-031-E (2017).“Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zone Regulations (NORDREG),” Government of Canada, SOR/2010-127, .“On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Concerning State Regulation of Merchant Shipping on the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route,” The Northern Sea Route Administration, Federal Law No. 132-FZ, .“On Introduction of Changes to Some Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation as Related to the Governmental Regulation of Merchant Shipping in the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route,” Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation of 2012, No. 31, Art. 4321 (July 30, 2012).“Rules for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Intended for Operation in Sea Areas and Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation,” Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, ND No. 2–020101-134-E, (2020).“Rules of navigation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route (2013 NSR Rules),” Ministry of Transport of Russia, No. 7 (January 17, 2013).“Rules of navigation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route (2020 NSR Rules),” Ministry of Transport of Russia, No. 1487 (Latest updated on September 18, 2020).“Shipping Safety Control Zones Order,” Government of Canada, C.R.C., c. 356, .七、 研究機構Bowden, Anna ed., “The Economic Cost of Maritime Piracy,” One Earth Future Foundation, (December, 2010).Breton, Daniel, “Canadian Coast Guard services in the Arctic,” presentation at the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, (June 5, 2015).Collins, Jeffrey, “The Arctic in an Age of Geopolitical Change: Assessment and Recommendations,” Valdai Discussion Club, (September 21, 2017).“DNV Annual Report 2012: Doing the right thing,” Det Norske Veritas, (May 3, 2013).Lalonde, Suzanne, “Canada’s Influence on the Law of the Sea,” Centre for International Governance Innovation, (February 2018).Olenicoff, S. M., “Territorial Waters in the Arctic: The Soviet Position,” RAND Corporation, (July 1972).Zandee, Dick et al., “The Future of Arctic Security: The Geopolitical Pressure Cooker and the Consequences for the Netherlands,” Clingendael Institute, (April 15, 2020).八、 網際網路“Arctic shipping routes,” The European Space Agency, (July 16, 2019).Bognar, Dorottya, “Sea-change in polar shipping: from Arctic to Antarctic Polar Code initiatives,” The blog of the Norwegian Centre for the Law of the Sea, (1 February, 2017).“Canada Transportation Act Review – Report Vol. 1&2,” Government of Canada, (February 25, 2016).“Canada’s Arctic and Northern Policy Framework,” Government of Canada, (accessed September 21, 2021).Exner-Pirot, Heather, “Why governance of the North needs to go beyond the Arctic Council,” Open Canada, (October 14, 2016).“Highlights of Canada`s Arctic and Northern Policy Framework,” Government of Canada, (accessed September 21, 2021).“Improving marine safety through the Oceans Protection Plan,” Government of Canada, (accessed September 21, 2021).“Oceans Protection Plan,” Government of Canada, (accessed September 21, 2021).“Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada,” Government of Canada, (20 December 2016).“Radio Aids to Marine Navigation 2022 Part 3 - Vessel Traffic Services,” Government of Canada, (accessed August 10, 2021).Roston, Eric & Blacki Migliozzi, “How a Melting Arctic Changes Everything Part II: The Political Arctic,” Bloomberg, (May 16, 2017).Shea, Neil, “A new Cold War brews as Arctic ice melts,” National Geographic, (May 9, 2019).“Shipping in polar waters,” International Maritime Organization, (accessed November 25, 2019).“TP 12259E - Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System (AIRSS) Standard,” Government of Canada, (accessed 15 December 2021).“Transport Canada introduces new Arctic Shipping Safety and Pollution Prevention Regulations, Transport Canada,” Government of Canada, (accessed September 21, 2021).“Trident Juncture 2018,” North Atlantic Treaty Organization, (accessed May 9, 2019).“International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code),” International Maritime Organization, (accessed August 22, 2021).參、 俄文部分一、 期刊Николаевич, Вылегжанин А., Иванов Г.Г., Дудыкина И.П, “Полярный кодекс (оценки и комментарии в зарубежных правовых источниках),” Московский журнал международного права, No.4 (2015), pp. 43-60.二、 官方文件“Выступление и ответы на вопросы Министра иностранных дел России С.В.Лаврова на открытии министерской сессии V Международного арктического форума «Арктика – территория диалога», Санкт-Петербург, 9 апреля 2019 года,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (April 9, 2019).“Выступление Министра иностранных дел Российской Федерации С.В.Лаврова на XII министерской сессии Арктического совета, Рейкьявик, 20 мая 2021 года,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (May 20, 2021).“Выступление Министра иностранных дел Российской Федерации С.В.Лаврова на XXXVI заседании Совета глав субъектов Российской Федерации при МИД России, Москва, 15 июня 2021 года,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (June 15, 2021).“Интервью директора Второго Европейского департамента МИД России С.С.Беляева международному информационному агентству «Россия сегодня», 18 ноября 2019 года,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (September 21, 2019).“Интервью Министра иностранных дел России С.В.Лаврова СМИ Монголии, Японии и КНР в преддверии визитов в эти страны, Москва, 12 апреля 2016 года,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (April 12, 2016).“Интервью Посла по особым поручениям МИД России Н.В.Корчуновагазете «Коммерсант», 15 января 2021 года,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (January 15, 2021).“О стратегии развития Арктической зоны России до 2035 года, Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (October 30, 2020).“O межмидовских российско-китайских консультациях по арктической тематике,” Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, (April 6, 2021).三、 研究報告Mednikov, V.A., “Poljarnyj Kodeks. Popytka Kriticheskogo Osmyslenija (Polar Code: An Attempt of Critical Assessment),” Paper presented at the Russian Council for International Affairs, (October 13, 2016).四、 網際網路“Президент РФ подписал указ об основах госполитики в Арктике до 2035 года,” Министерство Российской Федерации по развитию Дальнего Востока и Арктики, (March 3, 2020).“Президент утвердил Основы государственной политики в Арктике,” Президент России, (March 3, 2020). | zh_TW |
