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題名 社企下的女性賦權:以緬甸乾旱區為例
Women`s Empowerment through Social Entrepreneurship: the Case of Dry Zone in Myanmar
作者 裴方嵐
Perekrestova, Vlada
貢獻者 劉曉鵬
Liu, Hsiao Pong
裴方嵐
Perekrestova, Vlada
關鍵詞 賦予婦女權力
發展中國家
社會企業家精神
緬甸
Women’s empowerment
Developing countries
Social entrepreneurship
Myanmar studies
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-May-2022 15:05:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 過去幾十年來，人們對全球不平等現象有了普遍的認識。2015年實施的可持續發展目標就是證明。性別平等是實現2030年可持續發展議程的一個重要因素，該議程希望建立一個普遍尊重人權和人類尊嚴的世界，"每個婦女和每個女孩都能實現性別平等，並消除賦予她們權力的所有法律、社會和經濟障礙"（聯合國，2018）。這篇研究論文重點關注減少性別不平等的目標之一，即：婦女賦權。
     更具體地說，我將在發展中國家的背景下，以社會轉型為目標來看待它。研究表明，在緬甸的環境中，社會企業可以作為賦予婦女權力的有效模式，幫助實現經濟獨立，通過資產建設克服貧困，並改善家庭和促進社區的福祉。我將嘗試界定可能出現的挑戰，同時強調這種方法的效果。我將根據在緬甸幹旱地區進行的一項案例研究進行分析，從而具體說明社會企業家精神及其集體行動、積極參與和地方倡議的潛力，同時會討論婦女面對的挑戰和局限。在討論17個主要挑戰時，我將在嚴格的背景介紹下，為國際發展領域的各種行為者帶來可利用的實際貢獻，以幫助他們理解婦女賦權的概念，組織社會企業和規劃其項目。我亦提出了一條關於男性在這一概念中的地位的理論思考，以促進整個社會的發展。
Gender equality is critical for the achievement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aspires to a world where universally respected human rights, human dignity and “equality of gender [are] a reality for every woman and every girl and where all the legal, social and economic obstacles to their empowerment have been lifted” (UN, 2015). The 2030 Agenda affirms gender equality as a necessary foundation of a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world. This research thesis focuses on one of the flagship goals of reducing gender inequalities: women`s empowerment.
     More specifically, I will look at it in the context of developing countries and with a view to social transformation. The study suggests that in the environment of Myanmar, social enterprises can be used as an efficient model for the empowerment of women, helping achieve economic independence, overcoming poverty through asset building, and improving the well-being of families and communities. I will try to define what are the challenges that can arise while highlighting the effects of such an approach. I will base my analysis on a case study carried out in the Dry Zone of Myanmar, thus illustrating concretely the potential but also the challenges and limitations of social entrepreneurship and its collective action, active participation, and local initiatives. Discussing major challenges of social entrepreneurship in Myanmar, I will bring an exploitable practical contribution, under the guise of a rigorous contextualization, by the various actors in the field of international development to help them in their understanding of the concept of women’s empowerment and the organizing of social enterprises and planning of their programs. I also propose a line of theoretical reflection on the place of men within this concept to promote the development of the whole of society.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)
104265513
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104265513
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉曉鵬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Hsiao Pongen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 裴方嵐zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Perekrestova, Vladaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 裴方嵐zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Perekrestova, Vladaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2022 15:05:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2022 15:05:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2022 15:05:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104265513en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140002-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104265513zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去幾十年來，人們對全球不平等現象有了普遍的認識。2015年實施的可持續發展目標就是證明。性別平等是實現2030年可持續發展議程的一個重要因素，該議程希望建立一個普遍尊重人權和人類尊嚴的世界，"每個婦女和每個女孩都能實現性別平等，並消除賦予她們權力的所有法律、社會和經濟障礙"（聯合國，2018）。這篇研究論文重點關注減少性別不平等的目標之一，即：婦女賦權。
     更具體地說，我將在發展中國家的背景下，以社會轉型為目標來看待它。研究表明，在緬甸的環境中，社會企業可以作為賦予婦女權力的有效模式，幫助實現經濟獨立，通過資產建設克服貧困，並改善家庭和促進社區的福祉。我將嘗試界定可能出現的挑戰，同時強調這種方法的效果。我將根據在緬甸幹旱地區進行的一項案例研究進行分析，從而具體說明社會企業家精神及其集體行動、積極參與和地方倡議的潛力，同時會討論婦女面對的挑戰和局限。在討論17個主要挑戰時，我將在嚴格的背景介紹下，為國際發展領域的各種行為者帶來可利用的實際貢獻，以幫助他們理解婦女賦權的概念，組織社會企業和規劃其項目。我亦提出了一條關於男性在這一概念中的地位的理論思考，以促進整個社會的發展。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Gender equality is critical for the achievement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aspires to a world where universally respected human rights, human dignity and “equality of gender [are] a reality for every woman and every girl and where all the legal, social and economic obstacles to their empowerment have been lifted” (UN, 2015). The 2030 Agenda affirms gender equality as a necessary foundation of a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world. This research thesis focuses on one of the flagship goals of reducing gender inequalities: women`s empowerment.
     More specifically, I will look at it in the context of developing countries and with a view to social transformation. The study suggests that in the environment of Myanmar, social enterprises can be used as an efficient model for the empowerment of women, helping achieve economic independence, overcoming poverty through asset building, and improving the well-being of families and communities. I will try to define what are the challenges that can arise while highlighting the effects of such an approach. I will base my analysis on a case study carried out in the Dry Zone of Myanmar, thus illustrating concretely the potential but also the challenges and limitations of social entrepreneurship and its collective action, active participation, and local initiatives. Discussing major challenges of social entrepreneurship in Myanmar, I will bring an exploitable practical contribution, under the guise of a rigorous contextualization, by the various actors in the field of international development to help them in their understanding of the concept of women’s empowerment and the organizing of social enterprises and planning of their programs. I also propose a line of theoretical reflection on the place of men within this concept to promote the development of the whole of society.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract 3
     List of Abbreviations 8
     Introduction ...9
     1 Literature Review 14
     1.1 Empowerment 14
     1.2 Evolution of Development and Place of Women in Development Theories 16
     1.3 Concepts of Empowerment 20
     1.4 Practices for Women’s Empowerment: Contributions and Limits 21
     1.4.1 Education and Employment 22
     1.4.2 Financial Practices 24
     1.4.3 Health and Safety 26
     1.4.4 Political Participation 27
     1.5 Social Entrepreneurship as a Practice for Women’s Empowerment 28
     2 Methodology and Research Methods 35
     2.1 The Research Strategy 35
     2.2 Research Problem and Relevance 36
     2.2.1 Research Objectives 37
     2.2.2. The Research Questions 38
     2.3 Conceptual Framework 38
     2.3.1 Phases of the Model 38
     2.3.2 Suitability of the Model for the Research Subject 41
     2.4 Data Collection 42
     2.4.1 The Constitution of the Sample 42
     2.4.2 Research Methods 43
     2.4.3 Profile of the Social Enterprise and Individuals 47
     2.4.4 Limitations 48
     2.5 Chapter Outline 49
     3 Women`s Empowerment and Gender Inequality in Myanmar 51
     3.1 Current Situation 52
     3.2 Government Effort of Elimination of Gender Inequality 55
     4 Social Entrepreneurship in Myanmar 63
     4.1 Political Environment 64
     4.2 Financial Environment 67
     4.3 Social Entrepreneurship in Comparison to Government-led Programs and NGOs 71
     5 Women’s Empowerment through Social Entrepreneurship in Myanmar 75
     5.1 The Impact of Social Entrepreneurship on Beneficiaries 77
     5.2 Women as Social Entrepreneurs 82
     5.2.1 Driving Factors for Women to Become Social Entrepreneurs 82
     5.2.2 Barriers Faced by Female Social Entrepreneurs 83
     5.2.3 The Type of Women Who Become Social Entrepreneurs 84
     5.2.4 The Impact of Becoming Female Social Entrepreneurs 85
     5.3 The Impact of the Social Enterprise Sector as an Employer 85
     5.3.1 The Proportion of Women Employed in Social Entrepreneurship 85
     5.3.2 The Level of Generated Jobs 86
     5.3.3 The Influence of Generated Jobs on Reinforcing Gender Stereotypes 87
     6 Effects and Challenges of Gender Transformative Approach: MBoutik Social Enterprise 88
     6.1 Dry Zone in Myanmar 88
     6.2 Social Enterprise MBoutik 89
     6.2.1. Mission and Values 89
     6.2.2 Main Characteristics of the Community 90
     6.2.3 Program "Linking Ethical Fashion Enterprises in Myanmar to Global Markets" 91
     6.3 Presentation and Discussion of the Results 95
     6.4 Effects of the Social Enterprise on Women 99
     6.5 Acceptance of the Program 109
     6.6 The challenges of the Women`s Empowerment Program 110
     6.7 The Role of Men in Women`s Empowerment 112
     6.7.1 Areas where Changes are Needed 112
     6.7.2 Long-Term Vision 115
     6.8 Review of the Conceptual Framework 117
     6.8.1 Considerations from the Field Research 117
     6.8.2 Model Proposal 118
     Conclusions 124
     Bibliography 131
     Appendix 149		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104265513en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 賦予婦女權力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發展中國家zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會企業家精神zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 緬甸zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Women’s empowermenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Developing countriesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social entrepreneurshipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Myanmar studiesen_US
dc.title (題名) 社企下的女性賦權:以緬甸乾旱區為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Women`s Empowerment through Social Entrepreneurship: the Case of Dry Zone in Myanmaren_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200409en_US