1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 社會科學學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 現代化的尪公：歷史、象徵，及非人能動性
Modernizing Ang Kong: History, Symbolism, and Non-Human Agency
作者 江薇
Giang, Victoria
貢獻者 吳考甯
Work, Courtney
江薇
Victoria Giang
關鍵詞 台灣
非人能動性
歷史
尪公
保儀大夫
民間宗教
儀式
人格性
新泛靈論
Taiwan
Folk religion
Ritual
Non-human agency
History
personhood
New animism
Ang Kong
Baoyi Daifu
日期 2022
上傳時間 1-六月-2022 16:40:22 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來，一個名為「尪公巡田園」的宗教農業活動，在臺灣臺北重新得到人們的關注。這個活動是由當地企業、政府機關，以及傳統寺廟合作舉辦。在十八世紀時，來自中國福建的移民將神明「尪公」帶到臺北。早期的移民們往往會祈求尪公的庇佑，以擴大他們的土地開墾面積，並保護農作收成。到了十九世紀中葉，臺灣的商業、政治中心漸漸從南方轉移到北方，尪公信仰在當時顯得愈發重要。隨著十九世紀的全球茶葉貿易熱潮，臺灣以出口導向為主的茶產業推動了臺灣的發展，並走向現代化。經過政權更迭，臺灣當地神明一度被邊緣化，然而時至今日，尪公又重新成為臺北重要的開基神祇。
　　在過去，尪公和祂的信眾們塑造了農業和商業的盛況。如今，後工業時代下的城市經濟主要是透過房地產開發而活絡。近年來重新舉辦的「尪公巡田園」活動，不僅讓人們得以回顧臺北曾經的農業發展，也引起人們開始關注當地農業的現況。以這種方式呈現的尪公信仰，就如同臺北的農業一樣，成為了歷史的一部份，並以文化資產的形式保存下來。另一方面，如今仍然定期參拜尪公的當地信眾，則認為尪公是幫助他們解決生活中實際問題的神明。雖然這些信眾不再仰賴農業維生，而大多是從事房地產開發或是服務業。在他們心目中，尪公仍然能夠協助人們解決現代社會中的種種問題。
In Taipei, Taiwan, an agrarian ritual for a local deity, called Welcoming Ang Kong to the Tea Fields, has been revitalized in recent years through a partnership between local business, government, and a small temple community. The god, Ang Kong, brought to Taipei in the eighteenth century by his worshippers from Fujian, China, was an instrumental factor in shifting the commercial and political center of Taiwan from the south to the north in the mid-nineteenth century. Tea farmers relied on his protection to expand their landholdings and protect their harvests. The nineteenth century international tea trade helped propel Taiwan to development and modernity through export-led growth. After a succession of regime changes and the gradual marginalization of the deity, Ang Kong has returned to claim his place as an important founding deity of Taipei.
In the past, Ang Kong and his worshippers reshaped the landscape for commercial agriculture. Moving to the present, the post-industrial urban economy expands through real estate development. The revived Welcoming Ang Kong ritual consciously recalls Taipei’s agrarian past and draws attention to its present state. Presented in this way, Ang Kong worship, like agriculture, is made into a historical appendage which is preserved as a cultural symbolic resource. In contrast, many within the temple community address Ang Kong as a person who has helped them with practical matters in their life. Their livelihoods are largely no longer based on farming but on real estate and services, and Ang Kong now intercedes mainly on these issues.
參考文獻 Ahern, Emily. (1973). The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Ahern, Emily. (1981). Chinese Ritual and Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Ahern, Emily. (1981a). “The Thai Ti Kong Festival” in The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Allen, J. (2012). Taipei: City of Displacements. Seattle; London: University of Washington Press.
Althusser, L. (2001 [1971]). Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses: (Notes towards an Investigation) in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays; translated by Ben Brewster. (pp. 85-126). New York: NYU Press.
Alsford, Niki J. P. (2010). The Witnessed Account of John Dodd at Tamsui. Taipei: SMC Publishing.
Asad, T. (2003). Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Baptandier, B. (2008). The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult; translated by Kristin Ingrid Fryklund. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Barbalet, J. (2011). Chinese Religion, Market Society and the State in Barbalet J., Possamai A., & Turner B. (Eds.), Religion and the State: A Comparative Sociology (pp. 185-206). London; New York; Dehli: Anthem Press.
Bateson, Gregory. (1958) Naven: A Survey of the Problems Suggested by a Composite Picture of the Culture of a New Guinea Tribe drawn from Three Points of View. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
BBC. (2017, July 23). Taiwan’s Taoists protest against curbs on incense and firecrackers. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40699113.
Beeching, J. (1975). The Chinese Opium Wars. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Bennet, Jane. (2010). Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke University Press.
Bernard, H. (1994). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. (2nd ed.). Sage.
Bird‐David, N. (1999). “Animism” Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology. Current Anthropology, 40(S1), S67-S91. doi:10.1086/200061
Boretz, A. (2011). Gods, Ghosts, and Gangsters: Ritual Violence, Martial Arts, and Masculinity on the Margins of Chinese Society. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Chan, S. (2018). Heritagizing the Chaozhou Hungry Ghosts Festival in Hong Kong. In Maags C. & Svensson M. (Eds.), Chinese Heritage in the Making: Experiences, Negotiations and Contestations (pp. 145-168). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt2204rz8.9
Chang, Bi-yu. (2004). From Taiwanisation to De-Sinicization: Culture Construction in Taiwan Since the 1990s, in: China Perspectives, 56, 34-44.
Chang, Hsun and Halkirk, Scott. (2017). Scents, Community, and Incense in Traditional Chinese Religion, Material Religion, 13:2, 156-174, DOI:10.1080/17432200.2017.1289306
Chang, Hsun. (2017). “A Resurgent Temple and Community Development: Roles of the Temple Manager, Local Elite and Entrepreneurs.” In Religion in Taiwan and China: Locality and Transmission, edited by Hsun Chang & Benjamin Penny, 293-331. Taipei: Academia Sinica, Institute of Ethnology.
Chang, Hsun and Randall, N. (2003). “Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors: Religious Studies and the Question of ‘Taiwanese Identity’” from Religion in Modern Taiwan: Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Chao, S. (2002). A “Danggi” Temple in Taipei: Spirit-Mediums in Modern Urban Taiwan. Asia Major, 15(2), third series, 129-156.
Chau, A. (2006). Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Chen, C. (2011). Spectacle and Vulgarity: Stripper Dance at Temple Festivals in Contemporary Taiwan. TDR (1988-), 55(1), 104-119.
Chi, CC. (1994). Growth with Pollution: Unsustainable Development in Taiwan and its Consequences. St Comp Int Dev 29, 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02827365
Clark, J.D. (1971 [1896]). Formosa. Taipei: Cheng Wen Publishing Company.
Comaroff, J. & Comaroff, J. (2009). Ethnicity, Inc. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Davidson, James W. (1988 [1903]). The Island of Formosa Past and Present: History, People, Resources, and Commercial Prospects: Tea, Camphor, Sugar, Gold, Coal, Sulphur, Economical Plants, and Other Productions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dawley, Evan. (2019). Becoming Taiwanese: Ethnogenesis in a Colonial City 1880s-1950s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
DeGroot, J. J. M. (1972 [1896]). The Religious System of China: Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Custom and Social Institutions Connected Therewith. Taipei: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company.
Dell’Orto, Alessandro. (2002). Place and Spirit in Taiwan: Tudi Gong in the Stories, Spirits, and Memories of Everyday Life. London: Routledge Curzon.
Descola, P., & Lloyd, J. (2014). Beyond Nature and Culture. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Dodd, John. (1972 [1888]). Journal of a Blockaded Resident in North Formosa, During the Franco-Chinese War 1884-5. Taipei: Cheng Wen Publishing Company.
Duara, P. (1991). Knowledge and Power in the Discourse of Modernity: The Campaigns Against Popular Religion in Early Twentieth-Century China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 50(1), 67-83. doi:10.2307/2057476.
Duara, Prasenjit. (1988). Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900 - 1942. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Environmental Protection Administration. (2017, August). The EPA encourages temples to reduce incense-burning. R.O.C., Executive Yuan, Environmental Protection Administration. https://greenliving.epa.gov.tw/newPublic/Eng/News/Contents/14014
Etherington, D. M. and Forster, K. (1992). The Structural Transformation of Taiwan`s Tea Industry. World Development, 20(3), 401-422. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(92)90032-Q
Feuchtwang, Stephen. (2001). Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor. Surrey, UK: Curzon Press.
Forrest, Denys. (1985). The World Tea Trade: A Survey of the Production, Distribution and Consumption of Tea. Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner Ltd.
Foster, M. (2013). Inviting the Uninvited Guest: Ritual, Festival, Tourism, and the Namahage of Japan. The Journal of American Folklore, 126(501), 302-334. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.126.501.0302
Freedman, Maurice. (1974). On the Sociological Study of Chinese Religion in Arthur Wolf (ed.) Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gates, Hill. (1997). China’s Motor: A Thousand Years of Petty Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Geertz, Clifford. (1973). “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory of Culture.” In The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Gell, Alfred. (1998). Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
Gershon, I. (2005). Seeing like a System: Luhmann for Anthropologists. Anthropological Theory, 5(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605053993
Graeber, D. (2005). Fetishism as social creativity: or, Fetishes are gods in the process of construction. Anthropological Theory, 5(4), 407–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605059230
Graeber, David and Sahlins, Marshall. (2017). On Kings. Chicago: HAU Books.
Hammersley, M., and Paul A. (1995). Ethnography: Principles in Practice. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Harrell, S. (1979). The Concept of Soul in Chinese Folk Religion. The Journal of Asian Studies, 38(3), 519-528. doi:10.2307/2053785
Hatfield, D. (2011). The [Ghost] Object: Haunting and Urban Renewal in a “Very Traditional Town.” Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology, 75:71-112. doi: 10.6152/jaa.2011.12.0004
Hatfield, D. (2019). Remediation and Innovation in Taiwanese Religious Sites: Lukang’s Glass Temple. Asian Ethnology, 78(2), 263-288.
Ho, N. (2006). Crafting the Taiwanese: The Ambivalence of Taiwan`s National Identity. Harvard International Review, 28(1), 30-33.
Hobsbawm, E. J., & Ranger, T. O. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hsiau, A-Chin. (1997). Language Ideology in Taiwan: The KMT’s Language Policy, the Tai-yu Language Movement, and Ethnic Politics, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18:4, 302-315, DOI: 10.1080/01434639708666322.
Huang, S. (2015). Ethnic Movement, Village Development, and Functions of Religion: A Not Entirely Successful Re-Structuring of Sakizaya Ritual. Journal of Ritual Studies, 29(1), 35-47.
Ingold, T. (2011). Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description. London: Routledge.
Ishii, Miho. (2012). Acting with things: Self-poiesis, actuality, and contingency in the formation of divine worlds. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 2. 371-388.
Janowski, M. (2020). Stones Alive!: An Exploration of the Relationship between Humans and Stone in Southeast Asia. Bijdragen Tot De Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 176(1), 105-146. doi:10.2307/26910985
Jensen, C.B. and Blok, A. (2013). Techno-animism in Japan: Shinto Cosmograms, Actor-Network Theory, and the Enabling Powers of Non-human Agencies. Theory, Culture, and Society, 30(2): 84-115.
Johnson, A.A. (2019). The River Grew Tired of Us: Spectral Flows Along the Mekong River. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 9 (2), 390-404.
Johnson, A.A. (2020). Mekong Dreaming: Life and Death along a Changing River. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Josephson, J. Ā. (2017). The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Katz, P. (2003). Religion and the State in Post-War Taiwan. The China Quarterly, (174), 395-412.
Keane, W. (2014). Ethics as Piety. Numen, 61(2-3), 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341317
King, F. H. (1911). Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press.
Kleinman, Arthur. (1980). Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: an Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kohn, Eduardo. (2013). How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Koo, Hui Wen. (2013). Worship Associations in Taiwan. Australian Economic History Review. Vol. 53, No. 1. DOI: 10.1111/aehr.12004.
Lagerwey, John. (2010). China: A Religious State. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Lamley, Harry J. (1981). Subethnic Rivalry in the Ch’ing Period from The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. trans. Catherine Porter. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Lazzarotti, Marco. (2014). Modern Life and Traditional Death Tradition and Modernization of Funeral Rites in Taiwan. Fu Jen International Religious Studies Vol.8.1 (N. Summer 2014), 108-126. 8. 108-126.
Lee, M., Liu, B., & Wang, P. (1994). Growth and Equity with Endogenous Human Capital: Taiwan`s Economic Miracle Revisited. Southern Economic Journal, 61(2), 435-444. doi:10.2307/1059990
Lin, C.-Y., & Hsing, W.-C. (2009). Culture-led Urban Regeneration and Community Mobilisation: The Case of the Taipei Bao-an Temple Area, Taiwan. Urban Studies, 46(7), 1317–1342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009104568
Lin, Wei-Ping. (2014). Virtual Recentralization: Pilgrimage as Social Imaginary in the Demilitarized Islands between China and Taiwan. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 56(01), 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417513000649
Lin, Wei-Ping. (2015). Materializing Magic Power: Chinese Popular Religion in Villages and Cities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lin, Yu-Peng and Tsai, Hui-Ju. (2019). Indie Music as Cool Ambassadors? Export-Oriented Cultural Policy in Taiwan, 2010-2017 from Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music. London: Routledge.
Long, H. R. (1960). The People of Mushan: Life in a Taiwanese Village. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
Lu, Hsin-Yi. (2002). The Politics of Locality: Making a Nation of Communities in Taiwan. London: Routledge.
Luhmann, N. (1985). Society, Meaning, Religion: Based on Self-Reference. Sociological Analysis, 46(1), 5-20. doi:10.2307/3710892
Luhmann, N. (1986). The Autopoiesis of Social Systems. In Sociocybernetic Paradoxes. London, UK: Sage.
Luhmann, N. (1992). What is Communication? Communication Theory, 2(3): 251-259. doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1992.tb00042.x
Luhmann, N. (2013). Introduction to Systems Theory. edited by Dirk Baecker; translated by Peter Gilgen. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Lutz, Paul-David. (2021). ’Sert Has Gone` - An Ethnographic Account of Khmu Prowess, Village Politics and National Development on a Ridgetop in Laos.” Published. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Sydney. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25115.
Madsen, R. (2007). Democracy’s Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan. University of California Press.
Madsen, R. (2008). Religious Renaissance and Taiwan’s Modern Middle Classes. In YANG M. (Ed.), Chinese Religiosities: Afflictions of Modernity and State Formation (pp. 295-322). University of California Press.
Masuzawa, T. (2005). The Invention of World Religions, or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Maurer, Kathrin. (2010). Communication and Language in Niklas Luhmann`s Systems-Theory. Pandaemonium Germanicum, (16), 1-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1982-88372010000200002
McNeal, R. (2012). Constructing Myth in Modern China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 71(3), 679-704.
Ministry of Culture. (2021, February 21). Law for the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries. Ministry of Culture, Laws and Regulations Retrieving System. https://law.moc.gov.tw/law/EngLawContent.aspx?Type=E&id=8
Ministry of Culture. (2021a, February 21). 文創發展 [The Development of Cultural and Creative Industries].中華民國文化部 [Republic of China, Ministry of Culture]. https://www.moc.gov.tw/content_271.html
Ministry of Education. (n.d. Copyright 2013) 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Commonly Used Words in Taiwan’s Hokkien Language]. https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/mobile/search.jsp
Moskowitz, M. L. (2001). The Haunting Fetus: Abortion, Sexuality, and the Spirit World in Taiwan. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaʻi Press.
Murray, S., & Hong, K. (1991). American Anthropologists Looking Through Taiwanese Culture. Dialectical Anthropology, 16(3/4), 273-299.
Mus, Paul. (1975 [1933]). India Seen from the East: Indian and Indigenous Cults in Champa. Trans. I. W. Mabbet. Victoria, Australia: Monash University Press.
Myers, Ramon H. (1972). Taiwan Under Chi’ng Imperial Rule, 1684-1895: The Traditional Economy. Journal of Chinese Cultural Study. 5 Vol. 2.
Olds, Kelly B. (2018). The Taiwan tea boom – a financial glut. The Economic History Review. 71(4):1227-1248.
Pemberton, J. (1994). On the Subject of “Java.” Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Puett, M. (2008). “Ritual and the Subjunctive” In Ritual and its Consequences: An Essay on the Limits of Sincerity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17-42.
Rawnsley, Gary D. (2014). Taiwan’s Soft Power and Public Diplomacy. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43, 3, 161–174.
Rigger, S. (2011). Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Sahlins, Marshall. (2008). The Stranger-King or, Elementary Forms of the Politics of Life. Indonesia and The Malay World. 36. 177-199. 10.1080/13639810802267918.
Sangren, P. S. (1987). History and Magical Power in a Chinese Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Sangren, P. S. (1988). History and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy: The Ma Tsu Cult of Taiwan. Comparative Studies in Society and History 30:674-697.
Scott, J. (1998). Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scott, J. (2009). The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scott, J. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Shen, T. H. (1970). The Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction: Twenty Years of Cooperation for Agricultural Development. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Shepherd, J. (1993). Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier: 1600-1800. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Silvio, T. (2019). Puppets, Gods, and Brands: Theorizing the Age of Animation from Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Simon, S. (2020). A Little Bird Told Me: Changing Human–Bird Relations on a Formosan Indigenous Territory. Anthropologica, 62, 70-84.
Spiro, Melford. (1996). “Supernaturalism and Buddhism” in Burmese Supernaturalism. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Sprenger, G. (2014). “Where the Dead Go to the Market. Market and Ritual as Social Systems in Upland Southeast Asia” from Dynamics of Religion in Southeast Asia: Magic and Modernity, edited by Volker Gottowik, 75 – 90. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Sprenger, G. (2016). “Graded Personhood: Human and Non-Human Actors in the Southeast Asian Uplands” from Animism in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge.
Sprenger, G. (2017). Communicated into Being: Systems Theory and the Shifting of Ontological Status. Anthropological Theory, 17(1), 108–132. doi:10.1177/1463499617699330
Sprenger, G. (2018). Buddhism and Coffee: The Transformation of Locality and Non-Human Personhood in Southern Laos. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 33(2), 265-290.
Stevens, K. (2000). Images on Chinese Popular Religion Altars of the Heroes Involved in the Suppression of the An Lushan Rebellion [AD 755 - 763]. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 40, 155-184.
Taiwan News. (2020, February 28). Taipei’s Longshan Temple to ban incense sticks. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3882787.
Tambiah, S. (1970). Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-east Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tan, Hung-Jen & Waley, P. (2006). Planning through Procrastination: The Preservation of Taipei`s Cultural Heritage. The Town Planning Review, 77(5), 531-555.
Taussig, Michael. (1998). “Viscerality, faith, and skepticism: Another theory of magic” from In near ruins: Cultural theory at the end of the century, edited by Nicholas B. Dirks, 221–256. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Tavares, A. (2005). The Japanese Colonial State and the Dissolution of the Late Imperial Frontier Economy in Taiwan, 1886-1909. The Journal of Asian Studies, 64(2), 361-385.
Tu, Wei-Ming. (1989). “The Continuity of Being: Chinese Visions of Nature” in Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought (pp. 67-78). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Tu, Wei-Ming. (1991). Cultural China: The Periphery as the Center. Daedalus, 120(2), 1-32.
Van Der Veer, Peter. (2014). The Modern Spirit of Asia: The Spiritual and the Secular in China and India. New Dehli: Orient BlackSwan.
Wang, Fu-chang. (2013). A Prolonged Exile: National Imagination of the KMT Regime in Postwar Taiwan. Oriens Extremus, 52, 137-172.
Weber, Max. (1991 [1946]). “Science as a Vocation” in Gerth, H.H., Mills C.W. (Eds. & Trans.) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (pp. 129-158). London: Routledge.Weller, Robert P. (1985). Bandits, Beggars, and Ghosts: The Failure of State Control over Religious Interpretation in Taiwan. American Ethnologist, 12(1), 46-61.
Weller, Robert P. (1987). Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Weller, R. (2008). “Asia and the Global Economies of Charisma.” In Pattana Kitiarsa (ed.), Religious Commodifications in Asia. London: Routledge, pp. 15-30.
White, L. (1967). The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis. Science, 155(3767), 1203–1207. doi:10.1126/science.155.3767.1203
Wolf, Arthur. (1974). “Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors,” in Arthur Wolf (ed.) Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Work, Courtney. (2016). The Persistent Presence of Cambodian Spirits: Contemporary Knowledge Production in Cambodia. In The Handbook of Contemporary Cambodia (pp. 409-418). London: Routledge.
Work, Courtney. (2019). Chthonic Sovereigns? ‘Neak Ta’ in a Cambodian Village. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20:1, 74-95, DOI: 10.1080/14442213.2018.1553205
Work, Courtney. (2020). Tides of Empire: Religion, Development, and Environment in Cambodia. New York: Berghahn Books.
Yang, M. (2000). Putting Global Capitalism in Its Place: Economic Hybridity, Bataille, and Ritual Expenditure. Current Anthropology, 41(4), 477-509. doi:10.1086/317380
Yang, M. (2011). Postcoloniality and Religiosity in Modern China: The Disenchantments of Sovereignty. Theory, Culture & Society, 28(2), 3–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276410396915
Yang, S. (2011a). Cultural Performance and the Reconstruction of Tradition among the Bunun of Taiwan. Oceania, 81(3), 316-330.
You, Z. (2020). Conflicts over Local Beliefs: “Feudal Superstitions” as Intangible Cultural Heritage in Contemporary China. Asian Ethnology, 79(1), 137-159. doi:10.2307/26929488
Yu, D. (1973). Chinese Folk Religion. History of Religions, 12(4), 378-387.
Zhang Nai Miao Memorial Hall. (2021, March 1). About Us. https://en.tiekuanyintea.com.tw/about-us.
Zhang, L. (2016). A Foreign Infusion: The Forgotten Legacy of Japanese Chadō on Modern Chinese Tea Arts. Gastronomica, 16(1), 53-62. doi:10.2307/26362320
Zorzin, N. (2020). Alternating cycles of the politics of forgetting and remembering the past in Taiwan. In Apaydin V. (Ed.) Critical Perspectives on Cultural Memory and Heritage: Construction, Transformation and Destruction. (pp. 269-288). London: UCL Press. dos:10.2307/j.ctv13xpsfp.22
刘智豪。（2018）。台湾的尪公信仰与地方文化记忆 传承: 以台北木栅忠顺庙为例。宗教信仰与民族文化》 2018年1期。[Liu Zhihao. (2018). Taiwan’s Ang Kong Belief and Local Heritage: The Case of Muzha’s Zhongshun Temple. Religious Faith and Ethnic Culture. Issue 1.]
吳瀛濤。 (1977)。《臺灣民俗。》台北：衆文圖書公司。
[Wu Yingtao. (1977). Taiwan Folklore. Taipei: Zhong Wen Books.]
張家麟。（2019）。酬神、融合與交陪－台北小坪頂集應廟輪祀尪公祭典。宗教哲學，(88)，15-53。doi:10.6309/JORP.201906_(88).0002
[Zhang Jialin. (2019). God Appreciation, Convergence and Socializing – Taipei Xiaopingding Jiying Temple Consecutive Religious Rituals in Worship of Angkong. Religious Philosophy (88) 15-53.]
景美集應廟官網。[Jingmei Jiying Temple Official Website]. (2020, December 15). http://www.jm-jiyingtemple.org.tw
木柵忠順廟 [Muzha Zhongshun Temple]. (2020, December 15). About. https://www.facebook.com/ilovebaoyi
木柵忠順廟誌 [Muzha Zhongsun Temple Record]. (n.d.)
環保新聞專區。 （2017, July）。「一尊三減一目標」：尊重宗教信仰 守護信眾健康。行政院環境保護署。https://enews.epa.gov.tw/Page/3B3C62C78849F32F/c3ea949f-3678-4e61-90a9-4a48bddf56b6. [Environmental Protection News Center. (2017, July). “One Goal: Three Minus One”: Respecting Religious Beliefs and Protecting the Health of Believers. Executive Yuan, Environmental Protection Administration.]
林亦杰。（2010）。《地方文化產業治理機制評估研究: 以貓空茶文化產業為例》。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文。[Lin, Yi-Chieh. (July 2010). A Study of Evaluation on the Governance Mechanism of Local Cultural Industry: A Case Study of Maokong Tea Industry. NCCU Department of Public Administration Master’s Thesis.]
林傳凱（2007）。神靈、民族、與認同的空間政治: 日治與戰後台北盆地尪公年例之變遷（碩士論文）。取自華藝線上圖書館系統。（系統編號U0001-2808200711420900）doi:10.6342/NTU.2007.02929
[Lin, Chuan-Kai. (2007). Gods, Nations, and Spatial Politics of Identity: Ang-kong Festival of Taipei Basin (1895-1945) (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). National Taiwan University, Taiwan.]
林旻雯。(2018). 雙忠 敘事及其信仰當代實踐 ——以木柵集應廟為例 [Lin Minwen. (2018). The Narrative of Chang-hsiung、Hsiu-yuan and The Contemporary Practice of Its Belief: An Instance from Jiying Temple in Mucha. NCCU Master`s Thesis. DOI:10.6814/THE.NCCU.CHI.011.2018.A08.]
柏楊版資治通鑑：第五十三冊。1989. 《睢陽之圍》。 台北市：遠流出版公司。
[Bo Yang Edition of Zizhi Tongjian. Volume 53. (1989). “The Siege of Suiyang.” Taipei: Yuanliu Publishing House.]
范純武。（2003）。《雙忠崇祀與中國民間信仰》。台灣師範大學歷史系博士論文。
[Fan Chunwu. (2003). Shuangzhong Worship and Chinese Folk Beliefs. National Taiwan Normal University Department of History Doctoral Dissertation.]
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
107926021
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107926021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳考甯zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Work, Courtneyen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 江薇zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Victoria Giangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 江薇zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Giang, Victoriaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-六月-2022 16:40:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-六月-2022 16:40:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-六月-2022 16:40:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0107926021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140234-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107926021zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來，一個名為「尪公巡田園」的宗教農業活動，在臺灣臺北重新得到人們的關注。這個活動是由當地企業、政府機關，以及傳統寺廟合作舉辦。在十八世紀時，來自中國福建的移民將神明「尪公」帶到臺北。早期的移民們往往會祈求尪公的庇佑，以擴大他們的土地開墾面積，並保護農作收成。到了十九世紀中葉，臺灣的商業、政治中心漸漸從南方轉移到北方，尪公信仰在當時顯得愈發重要。隨著十九世紀的全球茶葉貿易熱潮，臺灣以出口導向為主的茶產業推動了臺灣的發展，並走向現代化。經過政權更迭，臺灣當地神明一度被邊緣化，然而時至今日，尪公又重新成為臺北重要的開基神祇。
　　在過去，尪公和祂的信眾們塑造了農業和商業的盛況。如今，後工業時代下的城市經濟主要是透過房地產開發而活絡。近年來重新舉辦的「尪公巡田園」活動，不僅讓人們得以回顧臺北曾經的農業發展，也引起人們開始關注當地農業的現況。以這種方式呈現的尪公信仰，就如同臺北的農業一樣，成為了歷史的一部份，並以文化資產的形式保存下來。另一方面，如今仍然定期參拜尪公的當地信眾，則認為尪公是幫助他們解決生活中實際問題的神明。雖然這些信眾不再仰賴農業維生，而大多是從事房地產開發或是服務業。在他們心目中，尪公仍然能夠協助人們解決現代社會中的種種問題。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In Taipei, Taiwan, an agrarian ritual for a local deity, called Welcoming Ang Kong to the Tea Fields, has been revitalized in recent years through a partnership between local business, government, and a small temple community. The god, Ang Kong, brought to Taipei in the eighteenth century by his worshippers from Fujian, China, was an instrumental factor in shifting the commercial and political center of Taiwan from the south to the north in the mid-nineteenth century. Tea farmers relied on his protection to expand their landholdings and protect their harvests. The nineteenth century international tea trade helped propel Taiwan to development and modernity through export-led growth. After a succession of regime changes and the gradual marginalization of the deity, Ang Kong has returned to claim his place as an important founding deity of Taipei.
In the past, Ang Kong and his worshippers reshaped the landscape for commercial agriculture. Moving to the present, the post-industrial urban economy expands through real estate development. The revived Welcoming Ang Kong ritual consciously recalls Taipei’s agrarian past and draws attention to its present state. Presented in this way, Ang Kong worship, like agriculture, is made into a historical appendage which is preserved as a cultural symbolic resource. In contrast, many within the temple community address Ang Kong as a person who has helped them with practical matters in their life. Their livelihoods are largely no longer based on farming but on real estate and services, and Ang Kong now intercedes mainly on these issues.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract 2
中文摘要 3
Table of Figures 5
Research Background 6
Problem Statement 13
Literature Review 18
Methodology 28
Chapter 1: The Social System Beyond Humanity: Ang Kong’s Nonhuman Agency 35
Chapter 2: The Tea Industry in Taiwan: Commercial Enchantment and State-sponsored Disenchantment 64
Chapter 3: Welcoming Ang Kong to the Tea Fields: the Performance of a Renewed Ritual 107
Conclusion 146
Appendices 155
Bibliography 158		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3791274 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107926021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非人能動性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歷史zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 尪公zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 保儀大夫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民間宗教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 儀式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人格性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新泛靈論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Folk religionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ritualen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Non-human agencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Historyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) personhooden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) New animismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ang Kongen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Baoyi Daifuen_US
dc.title (題名) 現代化的尪公：歷史、象徵，及非人能動性zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Modernizing Ang Kong: History, Symbolism, and Non-Human Agencyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ahern, Emily. (1973). The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Ahern, Emily. (1981). Chinese Ritual and Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Ahern, Emily. (1981a). “The Thai Ti Kong Festival” in The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Allen, J. (2012). Taipei: City of Displacements. Seattle; London: University of Washington Press.
Althusser, L. (2001 [1971]). Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses: (Notes towards an Investigation) in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays; translated by Ben Brewster. (pp. 85-126). New York: NYU Press.
Alsford, Niki J. P. (2010). The Witnessed Account of John Dodd at Tamsui. Taipei: SMC Publishing.
Asad, T. (2003). Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Baptandier, B. (2008). The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult; translated by Kristin Ingrid Fryklund. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Barbalet, J. (2011). Chinese Religion, Market Society and the State in Barbalet J., Possamai A., & Turner B. (Eds.), Religion and the State: A Comparative Sociology (pp. 185-206). London; New York; Dehli: Anthem Press.
Bateson, Gregory. (1958) Naven: A Survey of the Problems Suggested by a Composite Picture of the Culture of a New Guinea Tribe drawn from Three Points of View. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
BBC. (2017, July 23). Taiwan’s Taoists protest against curbs on incense and firecrackers. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40699113.
Beeching, J. (1975). The Chinese Opium Wars. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Bennet, Jane. (2010). Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke University Press.
Bernard, H. (1994). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. (2nd ed.). Sage.
Bird‐David, N. (1999). “Animism” Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology. Current Anthropology, 40(S1), S67-S91. doi:10.1086/200061
Boretz, A. (2011). Gods, Ghosts, and Gangsters: Ritual Violence, Martial Arts, and Masculinity on the Margins of Chinese Society. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Chan, S. (2018). Heritagizing the Chaozhou Hungry Ghosts Festival in Hong Kong. In Maags C. & Svensson M. (Eds.), Chinese Heritage in the Making: Experiences, Negotiations and Contestations (pp. 145-168). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt2204rz8.9
Chang, Bi-yu. (2004). From Taiwanisation to De-Sinicization: Culture Construction in Taiwan Since the 1990s, in: China Perspectives, 56, 34-44.
Chang, Hsun and Halkirk, Scott. (2017). Scents, Community, and Incense in Traditional Chinese Religion, Material Religion, 13:2, 156-174, DOI:10.1080/17432200.2017.1289306
Chang, Hsun. (2017). “A Resurgent Temple and Community Development: Roles of the Temple Manager, Local Elite and Entrepreneurs.” In Religion in Taiwan and China: Locality and Transmission, edited by Hsun Chang & Benjamin Penny, 293-331. Taipei: Academia Sinica, Institute of Ethnology.
Chang, Hsun and Randall, N. (2003). “Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors: Religious Studies and the Question of ‘Taiwanese Identity’” from Religion in Modern Taiwan: Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Chao, S. (2002). A “Danggi” Temple in Taipei: Spirit-Mediums in Modern Urban Taiwan. Asia Major, 15(2), third series, 129-156.
Chau, A. (2006). Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Chen, C. (2011). Spectacle and Vulgarity: Stripper Dance at Temple Festivals in Contemporary Taiwan. TDR (1988-), 55(1), 104-119.
Chi, CC. (1994). Growth with Pollution: Unsustainable Development in Taiwan and its Consequences. St Comp Int Dev 29, 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02827365
Clark, J.D. (1971 [1896]). Formosa. Taipei: Cheng Wen Publishing Company.
Comaroff, J. & Comaroff, J. (2009). Ethnicity, Inc. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Davidson, James W. (1988 [1903]). The Island of Formosa Past and Present: History, People, Resources, and Commercial Prospects: Tea, Camphor, Sugar, Gold, Coal, Sulphur, Economical Plants, and Other Productions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dawley, Evan. (2019). Becoming Taiwanese: Ethnogenesis in a Colonial City 1880s-1950s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
DeGroot, J. J. M. (1972 [1896]). The Religious System of China: Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Custom and Social Institutions Connected Therewith. Taipei: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company.
Dell’Orto, Alessandro. (2002). Place and Spirit in Taiwan: Tudi Gong in the Stories, Spirits, and Memories of Everyday Life. London: Routledge Curzon.
Descola, P., & Lloyd, J. (2014). Beyond Nature and Culture. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Dodd, John. (1972 [1888]). Journal of a Blockaded Resident in North Formosa, During the Franco-Chinese War 1884-5. Taipei: Cheng Wen Publishing Company.
Duara, P. (1991). Knowledge and Power in the Discourse of Modernity: The Campaigns Against Popular Religion in Early Twentieth-Century China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 50(1), 67-83. doi:10.2307/2057476.
Duara, Prasenjit. (1988). Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900 - 1942. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Environmental Protection Administration. (2017, August). The EPA encourages temples to reduce incense-burning. R.O.C., Executive Yuan, Environmental Protection Administration. https://greenliving.epa.gov.tw/newPublic/Eng/News/Contents/14014
Etherington, D. M. and Forster, K. (1992). The Structural Transformation of Taiwan`s Tea Industry. World Development, 20(3), 401-422. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(92)90032-Q
Feuchtwang, Stephen. (2001). Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor. Surrey, UK: Curzon Press.
Forrest, Denys. (1985). The World Tea Trade: A Survey of the Production, Distribution and Consumption of Tea. Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner Ltd.
Foster, M. (2013). Inviting the Uninvited Guest: Ritual, Festival, Tourism, and the Namahage of Japan. The Journal of American Folklore, 126(501), 302-334. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.126.501.0302
Freedman, Maurice. (1974). On the Sociological Study of Chinese Religion in Arthur Wolf (ed.) Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gates, Hill. (1997). China’s Motor: A Thousand Years of Petty Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Geertz, Clifford. (1973). “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory of Culture.” In The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Gell, Alfred. (1998). Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
Gershon, I. (2005). Seeing like a System: Luhmann for Anthropologists. Anthropological Theory, 5(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605053993
Graeber, D. (2005). Fetishism as social creativity: or, Fetishes are gods in the process of construction. Anthropological Theory, 5(4), 407–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605059230
Graeber, David and Sahlins, Marshall. (2017). On Kings. Chicago: HAU Books.
Hammersley, M., and Paul A. (1995). Ethnography: Principles in Practice. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Harrell, S. (1979). The Concept of Soul in Chinese Folk Religion. The Journal of Asian Studies, 38(3), 519-528. doi:10.2307/2053785
Hatfield, D. (2011). The [Ghost] Object: Haunting and Urban Renewal in a “Very Traditional Town.” Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology, 75:71-112. doi: 10.6152/jaa.2011.12.0004
Hatfield, D. (2019). Remediation and Innovation in Taiwanese Religious Sites: Lukang’s Glass Temple. Asian Ethnology, 78(2), 263-288.
Ho, N. (2006). Crafting the Taiwanese: The Ambivalence of Taiwan`s National Identity. Harvard International Review, 28(1), 30-33.
Hobsbawm, E. J., & Ranger, T. O. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hsiau, A-Chin. (1997). Language Ideology in Taiwan: The KMT’s Language Policy, the Tai-yu Language Movement, and Ethnic Politics, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18:4, 302-315, DOI: 10.1080/01434639708666322.
Huang, S. (2015). Ethnic Movement, Village Development, and Functions of Religion: A Not Entirely Successful Re-Structuring of Sakizaya Ritual. Journal of Ritual Studies, 29(1), 35-47.
Ingold, T. (2011). Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description. London: Routledge.
Ishii, Miho. (2012). Acting with things: Self-poiesis, actuality, and contingency in the formation of divine worlds. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 2. 371-388.
Janowski, M. (2020). Stones Alive!: An Exploration of the Relationship between Humans and Stone in Southeast Asia. Bijdragen Tot De Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 176(1), 105-146. doi:10.2307/26910985
Jensen, C.B. and Blok, A. (2013). Techno-animism in Japan: Shinto Cosmograms, Actor-Network Theory, and the Enabling Powers of Non-human Agencies. Theory, Culture, and Society, 30(2): 84-115.
Johnson, A.A. (2019). The River Grew Tired of Us: Spectral Flows Along the Mekong River. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 9 (2), 390-404.
Johnson, A.A. (2020). Mekong Dreaming: Life and Death along a Changing River. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Josephson, J. Ā. (2017). The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Katz, P. (2003). Religion and the State in Post-War Taiwan. The China Quarterly, (174), 395-412.
Keane, W. (2014). Ethics as Piety. Numen, 61(2-3), 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341317
King, F. H. (1911). Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press.
Kleinman, Arthur. (1980). Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: an Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kohn, Eduardo. (2013). How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Koo, Hui Wen. (2013). Worship Associations in Taiwan. Australian Economic History Review. Vol. 53, No. 1. DOI: 10.1111/aehr.12004.
Lagerwey, John. (2010). China: A Religious State. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Lamley, Harry J. (1981). Subethnic Rivalry in the Ch’ing Period from The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. trans. Catherine Porter. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Lazzarotti, Marco. (2014). Modern Life and Traditional Death Tradition and Modernization of Funeral Rites in Taiwan. Fu Jen International Religious Studies Vol.8.1 (N. Summer 2014), 108-126. 8. 108-126.
Lee, M., Liu, B., & Wang, P. (1994). Growth and Equity with Endogenous Human Capital: Taiwan`s Economic Miracle Revisited. Southern Economic Journal, 61(2), 435-444. doi:10.2307/1059990
Lin, C.-Y., & Hsing, W.-C. (2009). Culture-led Urban Regeneration and Community Mobilisation: The Case of the Taipei Bao-an Temple Area, Taiwan. Urban Studies, 46(7), 1317–1342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009104568
Lin, Wei-Ping. (2014). Virtual Recentralization: Pilgrimage as Social Imaginary in the Demilitarized Islands between China and Taiwan. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 56(01), 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417513000649
Lin, Wei-Ping. (2015). Materializing Magic Power: Chinese Popular Religion in Villages and Cities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lin, Yu-Peng and Tsai, Hui-Ju. (2019). Indie Music as Cool Ambassadors? Export-Oriented Cultural Policy in Taiwan, 2010-2017 from Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music. London: Routledge.
Long, H. R. (1960). The People of Mushan: Life in a Taiwanese Village. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
Lu, Hsin-Yi. (2002). The Politics of Locality: Making a Nation of Communities in Taiwan. London: Routledge.
Luhmann, N. (1985). Society, Meaning, Religion: Based on Self-Reference. Sociological Analysis, 46(1), 5-20. doi:10.2307/3710892
Luhmann, N. (1986). The Autopoiesis of Social Systems. In Sociocybernetic Paradoxes. London, UK: Sage.
Luhmann, N. (1992). What is Communication? Communication Theory, 2(3): 251-259. doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1992.tb00042.x
Luhmann, N. (2013). Introduction to Systems Theory. edited by Dirk Baecker; translated by Peter Gilgen. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Lutz, Paul-David. (2021). ’Sert Has Gone` - An Ethnographic Account of Khmu Prowess, Village Politics and National Development on a Ridgetop in Laos.” Published. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Sydney. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25115.
Madsen, R. (2007). Democracy’s Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan. University of California Press.
Madsen, R. (2008). Religious Renaissance and Taiwan’s Modern Middle Classes. In YANG M. (Ed.), Chinese Religiosities: Afflictions of Modernity and State Formation (pp. 295-322). University of California Press.
Masuzawa, T. (2005). The Invention of World Religions, or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Maurer, Kathrin. (2010). Communication and Language in Niklas Luhmann`s Systems-Theory. Pandaemonium Germanicum, (16), 1-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1982-88372010000200002
McNeal, R. (2012). Constructing Myth in Modern China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 71(3), 679-704.
Ministry of Culture. (2021, February 21). Law for the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries. Ministry of Culture, Laws and Regulations Retrieving System. https://law.moc.gov.tw/law/EngLawContent.aspx?Type=E&id=8
Ministry of Culture. (2021a, February 21). 文創發展 [The Development of Cultural and Creative Industries].中華民國文化部 [Republic of China, Ministry of Culture]. https://www.moc.gov.tw/content_271.html
Ministry of Education. (n.d. Copyright 2013) 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Commonly Used Words in Taiwan’s Hokkien Language]. https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/mobile/search.jsp
Moskowitz, M. L. (2001). The Haunting Fetus: Abortion, Sexuality, and the Spirit World in Taiwan. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaʻi Press.
Murray, S., & Hong, K. (1991). American Anthropologists Looking Through Taiwanese Culture. Dialectical Anthropology, 16(3/4), 273-299.
Mus, Paul. (1975 [1933]). India Seen from the East: Indian and Indigenous Cults in Champa. Trans. I. W. Mabbet. Victoria, Australia: Monash University Press.
Myers, Ramon H. (1972). Taiwan Under Chi’ng Imperial Rule, 1684-1895: The Traditional Economy. Journal of Chinese Cultural Study. 5 Vol. 2.
Olds, Kelly B. (2018). The Taiwan tea boom – a financial glut. The Economic History Review. 71(4):1227-1248.
Pemberton, J. (1994). On the Subject of “Java.” Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Puett, M. (2008). “Ritual and the Subjunctive” In Ritual and its Consequences: An Essay on the Limits of Sincerity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17-42.
Rawnsley, Gary D. (2014). Taiwan’s Soft Power and Public Diplomacy. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43, 3, 161–174.
Rigger, S. (2011). Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Sahlins, Marshall. (2008). The Stranger-King or, Elementary Forms of the Politics of Life. Indonesia and The Malay World. 36. 177-199. 10.1080/13639810802267918.
Sangren, P. S. (1987). History and Magical Power in a Chinese Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Sangren, P. S. (1988). History and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy: The Ma Tsu Cult of Taiwan. Comparative Studies in Society and History 30:674-697.
Scott, J. (1998). Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scott, J. (2009). The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scott, J. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Shen, T. H. (1970). The Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction: Twenty Years of Cooperation for Agricultural Development. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Shepherd, J. (1993). Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier: 1600-1800. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Silvio, T. (2019). Puppets, Gods, and Brands: Theorizing the Age of Animation from Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Simon, S. (2020). A Little Bird Told Me: Changing Human–Bird Relations on a Formosan Indigenous Territory. Anthropologica, 62, 70-84.
Spiro, Melford. (1996). “Supernaturalism and Buddhism” in Burmese Supernaturalism. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Sprenger, G. (2014). “Where the Dead Go to the Market. Market and Ritual as Social Systems in Upland Southeast Asia” from Dynamics of Religion in Southeast Asia: Magic and Modernity, edited by Volker Gottowik, 75 – 90. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Sprenger, G. (2016). “Graded Personhood: Human and Non-Human Actors in the Southeast Asian Uplands” from Animism in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge.
Sprenger, G. (2017). Communicated into Being: Systems Theory and the Shifting of Ontological Status. Anthropological Theory, 17(1), 108–132. doi:10.1177/1463499617699330
Sprenger, G. (2018). Buddhism and Coffee: The Transformation of Locality and Non-Human Personhood in Southern Laos. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 33(2), 265-290.
Stevens, K. (2000). Images on Chinese Popular Religion Altars of the Heroes Involved in the Suppression of the An Lushan Rebellion [AD 755 - 763]. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 40, 155-184.
Taiwan News. (2020, February 28). Taipei’s Longshan Temple to ban incense sticks. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3882787.
Tambiah, S. (1970). Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-east Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tan, Hung-Jen & Waley, P. (2006). Planning through Procrastination: The Preservation of Taipei`s Cultural Heritage. The Town Planning Review, 77(5), 531-555.
Taussig, Michael. (1998). “Viscerality, faith, and skepticism: Another theory of magic” from In near ruins: Cultural theory at the end of the century, edited by Nicholas B. Dirks, 221–256. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Tavares, A. (2005). The Japanese Colonial State and the Dissolution of the Late Imperial Frontier Economy in Taiwan, 1886-1909. The Journal of Asian Studies, 64(2), 361-385.
Tu, Wei-Ming. (1989). “The Continuity of Being: Chinese Visions of Nature” in Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought (pp. 67-78). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Tu, Wei-Ming. (1991). Cultural China: The Periphery as the Center. Daedalus, 120(2), 1-32.
Van Der Veer, Peter. (2014). The Modern Spirit of Asia: The Spiritual and the Secular in China and India. New Dehli: Orient BlackSwan.
Wang, Fu-chang. (2013). A Prolonged Exile: National Imagination of the KMT Regime in Postwar Taiwan. Oriens Extremus, 52, 137-172.
Weber, Max. (1991 [1946]). “Science as a Vocation” in Gerth, H.H., Mills C.W. (Eds. & Trans.) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (pp. 129-158). London: Routledge.Weller, Robert P. (1985). Bandits, Beggars, and Ghosts: The Failure of State Control over Religious Interpretation in Taiwan. American Ethnologist, 12(1), 46-61.
Weller, Robert P. (1987). Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Weller, R. (2008). “Asia and the Global Economies of Charisma.” In Pattana Kitiarsa (ed.), Religious Commodifications in Asia. London: Routledge, pp. 15-30.
White, L. (1967). The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis. Science, 155(3767), 1203–1207. doi:10.1126/science.155.3767.1203
Wolf, Arthur. (1974). “Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors,” in Arthur Wolf (ed.) Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Work, Courtney. (2016). The Persistent Presence of Cambodian Spirits: Contemporary Knowledge Production in Cambodia. In The Handbook of Contemporary Cambodia (pp. 409-418). London: Routledge.
Work, Courtney. (2019). Chthonic Sovereigns? ‘Neak Ta’ in a Cambodian Village. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20:1, 74-95, DOI: 10.1080/14442213.2018.1553205
Work, Courtney. (2020). Tides of Empire: Religion, Development, and Environment in Cambodia. New York: Berghahn Books.
Yang, M. (2000). Putting Global Capitalism in Its Place: Economic Hybridity, Bataille, and Ritual Expenditure. Current Anthropology, 41(4), 477-509. doi:10.1086/317380
Yang, M. (2011). Postcoloniality and Religiosity in Modern China: The Disenchantments of Sovereignty. Theory, Culture & Society, 28(2), 3–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276410396915
Yang, S. (2011a). Cultural Performance and the Reconstruction of Tradition among the Bunun of Taiwan. Oceania, 81(3), 316-330.
You, Z. (2020). Conflicts over Local Beliefs: “Feudal Superstitions” as Intangible Cultural Heritage in Contemporary China. Asian Ethnology, 79(1), 137-159. doi:10.2307/26929488
Yu, D. (1973). Chinese Folk Religion. History of Religions, 12(4), 378-387.
Zhang Nai Miao Memorial Hall. (2021, March 1). About Us. https://en.tiekuanyintea.com.tw/about-us.
Zhang, L. (2016). A Foreign Infusion: The Forgotten Legacy of Japanese Chadō on Modern Chinese Tea Arts. Gastronomica, 16(1), 53-62. doi:10.2307/26362320
Zorzin, N. (2020). Alternating cycles of the politics of forgetting and remembering the past in Taiwan. In Apaydin V. (Ed.) Critical Perspectives on Cultural Memory and Heritage: Construction, Transformation and Destruction. (pp. 269-288). London: UCL Press. dos:10.2307/j.ctv13xpsfp.22
刘智豪。（2018）。台湾的尪公信仰与地方文化记忆 传承: 以台北木栅忠顺庙为例。宗教信仰与民族文化》 2018年1期。[Liu Zhihao. (2018). Taiwan’s Ang Kong Belief and Local Heritage: The Case of Muzha’s Zhongshun Temple. Religious Faith and Ethnic Culture. Issue 1.]
吳瀛濤。 (1977)。《臺灣民俗。》台北：衆文圖書公司。
[Wu Yingtao. (1977). Taiwan Folklore. Taipei: Zhong Wen Books.]
張家麟。（2019）。酬神、融合與交陪－台北小坪頂集應廟輪祀尪公祭典。宗教哲學，(88)，15-53。doi:10.6309/JORP.201906_(88).0002
[Zhang Jialin. (2019). God Appreciation, Convergence and Socializing – Taipei Xiaopingding Jiying Temple Consecutive Religious Rituals in Worship of Angkong. Religious Philosophy (88) 15-53.]
景美集應廟官網。[Jingmei Jiying Temple Official Website]. (2020, December 15). http://www.jm-jiyingtemple.org.tw
木柵忠順廟 [Muzha Zhongshun Temple]. (2020, December 15). About. https://www.facebook.com/ilovebaoyi
木柵忠順廟誌 [Muzha Zhongsun Temple Record]. (n.d.)
環保新聞專區。 （2017, July）。「一尊三減一目標」：尊重宗教信仰 守護信眾健康。行政院環境保護署。https://enews.epa.gov.tw/Page/3B3C62C78849F32F/c3ea949f-3678-4e61-90a9-4a48bddf56b6. [Environmental Protection News Center. (2017, July). “One Goal: Three Minus One”: Respecting Religious Beliefs and Protecting the Health of Believers. Executive Yuan, Environmental Protection Administration.]
林亦杰。（2010）。《地方文化產業治理機制評估研究: 以貓空茶文化產業為例》。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文。[Lin, Yi-Chieh. (July 2010). A Study of Evaluation on the Governance Mechanism of Local Cultural Industry: A Case Study of Maokong Tea Industry. NCCU Department of Public Administration Master’s Thesis.]
林傳凱（2007）。神靈、民族、與認同的空間政治: 日治與戰後台北盆地尪公年例之變遷（碩士論文）。取自華藝線上圖書館系統。（系統編號U0001-2808200711420900）doi:10.6342/NTU.2007.02929
[Lin, Chuan-Kai. (2007). Gods, Nations, and Spatial Politics of Identity: Ang-kong Festival of Taipei Basin (1895-1945) (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). National Taiwan University, Taiwan.]
林旻雯。(2018). 雙忠 敘事及其信仰當代實踐 ——以木柵集應廟為例 [Lin Minwen. (2018). The Narrative of Chang-hsiung、Hsiu-yuan and The Contemporary Practice of Its Belief: An Instance from Jiying Temple in Mucha. NCCU Master`s Thesis. DOI:10.6814/THE.NCCU.CHI.011.2018.A08.]
柏楊版資治通鑑：第五十三冊。1989. 《睢陽之圍》。 台北市：遠流出版公司。
[Bo Yang Edition of Zizhi Tongjian. Volume 53. (1989). “The Siege of Suiyang.” Taipei: Yuanliu Publishing House.]
范純武。（2003）。《雙忠崇祀與中國民間信仰》。台灣師範大學歷史系博士論文。
[Fan Chunwu. (2003). Shuangzhong Worship and Chinese Folk Beliefs. National Taiwan Normal University Department of History Doctoral Dissertation.]		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200422en_US