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題名 布萊克史東法律思想中的自然法學與政治體理論
Natural Jurisprudence and Theory of Body Politics in William Blackstone`s Legal Thought作者 趙一穎
Chao, Yi-Ying貢獻者 江玉林
Chiang, Yu-Ling
趙一穎
Chao, Yi-Ying關鍵詞 布萊克史東
英格蘭共同法
普通法
自然法
政治體理論
有限王權
英格蘭法律史
自然權利
William Blackstone
English common law
Natural law
Natural rights
Theory of body politics
Limited kingship
English legal history日期 2022 上傳時間 1-八月-2022 18:15:52 (UTC+8) 摘要 本論文是以布萊克史東為主角的法律思想史研究，特別側重於布萊克史東法律思想裡的自然法學與政治體理論兩個部分。在材料上，本文主要分析的是布萊克史東最重要的作品：《英國法釋義》。本文主張兩個論點：首先，布萊克史東的自然法學並非僅是裝飾性或框架性的，而是作為其實證法解釋的指引理論，雖然布萊克史東的實證法解釋仍然以英格蘭共同法現有的規定為主，布萊克史東的自然法論仍扮演的補充性解釋的角色。在中世紀到近代自然法的發展脈絡裡，布萊克史東主要承襲新教自然法論，其融合了普芬道夫式的自然社會性和霍布斯的自然權利觀，進而形成以同意為基礎的社會契約論。布萊克史東也用英格蘭人的絕對權利來實證化自然權利的內涵，並將英格蘭共同法上的救濟途徑連結到對英格蘭人權利的保障。再者，本文認為布萊克史東的政治體理論是對中世紀政治體理論的創造性轉化，尤其在三個面向——權力分立、絕對議會主權和有限王權。布萊克史東承襲英格蘭古代憲法辯論下對王權非絕對的理解，進而主張議會才是英格蘭王國最高的主權機關，而國王和上下議院共同構成這個最高的主權機構。在結構上，本文第一章是對英格蘭法律史和法律職業史簡要的回顧，並試圖將布萊克史東的生平放置在英格蘭法律和法律職業發展的脈絡中，第二章則回顧了從中世紀到兩次大革命的自然法與自然權利理論的思想史發展。第三章和第四章分別處理布萊克史東的自然法學與政治體理論：第三章討論從布萊克史東的自然法與社會構成的關係到在政治社會中不同的實證權利，並討論布萊克史東對英格蘭封建法和財產權的看法。第四章討論政治體與主權理論的脈絡發展，並指出布萊克史東的政治體理論承襲庫克的古代憲法和議會主權論，並主張有限王權。最後第五章則簡要的回顧布萊克史東對英國和美國法學後續所產生的影響，進而反思我們如何在當代定位布萊克史東的法律思想。
The thesis studies William Blackstone’s legal thought, primarily focusing on his natural jurisprudence and theory of body politics in his Commentaries of Laws of England (1765-1769).In this thesis, I argue for two main arguments: First, natural jurisprudence plays a substantive role in Blackstone’s legal thought. Many previous studies suggest Blackstone’s concept of natural law is only a framework for his legal thought. In contrast, I argue that although Blackstone maintained the priority of positive law (including statutes and common law) in juridical interpretation, his conception of natural law serves as both the boundaries of positive law and the complement legal source for the lawless situation. In the evolution of natural law and natural rights theory from medieval to early modern Europe, Blackstone’s natural jurisprudence combines’ Pufendorfian natural sociability and Hobbesian conception of natural rights, both formulate Blackstone’s consent-based social generic theory. Additionally, Blackstone utilizes the concept of ‘absolute rights of Englishmen’ to mediate natural rights and civil remedies. Therefore, Blackstone’s rights theory succeeds to ‘positivize’ the natural rights discourse and integrating them into the English common law tradition.Second, I argue that Blackstone’s theory of body politics is a creative transformation from the medieval understanding of body politics to a relatively modern one. It is explicitly expressed in three aspects: the Anglo-tradition separation of power, the absolute parliamentary sovereignty, and limited kingship. Inherited Edward Coke’s arguments in the seventeenth-century debate on the ancient constitution, Blackstone upheld that the king`s power is not absolute and supreme, which is constrained by the English constitution. According to constitutional tradition, the regime`s sovereignty lies in the parliament, which is composed of the king, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.Structurally, the substantial part of this thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter outlines the development of English common law and common lawyers; the purpose is to situate Blackstone’s life into the milieu of development of the legal system and legal profession. The second chapter introduces another essential context, the intellectual history of natural law and natural rights theory. I argue that Blackstone’s stand is closer to Protestant natural lawyers, which secularizes the scholastic understanding of the legal relationship between God and humans. The third and fourth chapters survey Blackstone’s natural jurisprudence and theory of body politics. In the third chapter, I investigate Blackstone’s view about the social and the political, how human beings constitute political society and therefore invent positive rights. The fourth chapter engages the evolution of the concept of sovereignty and body politics. I indicate that Blackstone’s theory of body politics is rooted in the English tradition, which holds the restrained role of the king, the superiority of parliament, and public deliberation. The final fifth chapter further surveys the influences and legacies of Blackstone’s legal thought to properly evaluate and locate Blackstone within the history of legal thought.參考文獻 （一）編輯史料/原典Achenwall, G. (2020). Natural Law. Bloomsbury Publishing.Aristotle (1996). Aristotle: The Politics and The Constitution of Athens (S. Everson, Ed.). Cambridge University Press.Aristotle (2011). Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. (R. Bartlett and S. Collins trans.). The University of Chicago Press.Aquinas, T. (2002). On Law, Morality and Politics. 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國立政治大學
法律學系
109651026資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109651026 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 江玉林 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chiang, Yu-Ling en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 趙一穎 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Chao, Yi-Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 趙一穎 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chao, Yi-Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-八月-2022 18:15:52 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-八月-2022 18:15:52 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-八月-2022 18:15:52 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0109651026 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141195 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109651026 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文是以布萊克史東為主角的法律思想史研究，特別側重於布萊克史東法律思想裡的自然法學與政治體理論兩個部分。在材料上，本文主要分析的是布萊克史東最重要的作品：《英國法釋義》。本文主張兩個論點：首先，布萊克史東的自然法學並非僅是裝飾性或框架性的，而是作為其實證法解釋的指引理論，雖然布萊克史東的實證法解釋仍然以英格蘭共同法現有的規定為主，布萊克史東的自然法論仍扮演的補充性解釋的角色。在中世紀到近代自然法的發展脈絡裡，布萊克史東主要承襲新教自然法論，其融合了普芬道夫式的自然社會性和霍布斯的自然權利觀，進而形成以同意為基礎的社會契約論。布萊克史東也用英格蘭人的絕對權利來實證化自然權利的內涵，並將英格蘭共同法上的救濟途徑連結到對英格蘭人權利的保障。再者，本文認為布萊克史東的政治體理論是對中世紀政治體理論的創造性轉化，尤其在三個面向——權力分立、絕對議會主權和有限王權。布萊克史東承襲英格蘭古代憲法辯論下對王權非絕對的理解，進而主張議會才是英格蘭王國最高的主權機關，而國王和上下議院共同構成這個最高的主權機構。在結構上，本文第一章是對英格蘭法律史和法律職業史簡要的回顧，並試圖將布萊克史東的生平放置在英格蘭法律和法律職業發展的脈絡中，第二章則回顧了從中世紀到兩次大革命的自然法與自然權利理論的思想史發展。第三章和第四章分別處理布萊克史東的自然法學與政治體理論：第三章討論從布萊克史東的自然法與社會構成的關係到在政治社會中不同的實證權利，並討論布萊克史東對英格蘭封建法和財產權的看法。第四章討論政治體與主權理論的脈絡發展，並指出布萊克史東的政治體理論承襲庫克的古代憲法和議會主權論，並主張有限王權。最後第五章則簡要的回顧布萊克史東對英國和美國法學後續所產生的影響，進而反思我們如何在當代定位布萊克史東的法律思想。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The thesis studies William Blackstone’s legal thought, primarily focusing on his natural jurisprudence and theory of body politics in his Commentaries of Laws of England (1765-1769).In this thesis, I argue for two main arguments: First, natural jurisprudence plays a substantive role in Blackstone’s legal thought. Many previous studies suggest Blackstone’s concept of natural law is only a framework for his legal thought. In contrast, I argue that although Blackstone maintained the priority of positive law (including statutes and common law) in juridical interpretation, his conception of natural law serves as both the boundaries of positive law and the complement legal source for the lawless situation. In the evolution of natural law and natural rights theory from medieval to early modern Europe, Blackstone’s natural jurisprudence combines’ Pufendorfian natural sociability and Hobbesian conception of natural rights, both formulate Blackstone’s consent-based social generic theory. Additionally, Blackstone utilizes the concept of ‘absolute rights of Englishmen’ to mediate natural rights and civil remedies. Therefore, Blackstone’s rights theory succeeds to ‘positivize’ the natural rights discourse and integrating them into the English common law tradition.Second, I argue that Blackstone’s theory of body politics is a creative transformation from the medieval understanding of body politics to a relatively modern one. It is explicitly expressed in three aspects: the Anglo-tradition separation of power, the absolute parliamentary sovereignty, and limited kingship. Inherited Edward Coke’s arguments in the seventeenth-century debate on the ancient constitution, Blackstone upheld that the king`s power is not absolute and supreme, which is constrained by the English constitution. According to constitutional tradition, the regime`s sovereignty lies in the parliament, which is composed of the king, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.Structurally, the substantial part of this thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter outlines the development of English common law and common lawyers; the purpose is to situate Blackstone’s life into the milieu of development of the legal system and legal profession. The second chapter introduces another essential context, the intellectual history of natural law and natural rights theory. I argue that Blackstone’s stand is closer to Protestant natural lawyers, which secularizes the scholastic understanding of the legal relationship between God and humans. The third and fourth chapters survey Blackstone’s natural jurisprudence and theory of body politics. In the third chapter, I investigate Blackstone’s view about the social and the political, how human beings constitute political society and therefore invent positive rights. The fourth chapter engages the evolution of the concept of sovereignty and body politics. I indicate that Blackstone’s theory of body politics is rooted in the English tradition, which holds the restrained role of the king, the superiority of parliament, and public deliberation. The final fifth chapter further surveys the influences and legacies of Blackstone’s legal thought to properly evaluate and locate Blackstone within the history of legal thought. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目次謝辭 i摘要 vAbstract vi目次 viii圖次 xiii表次 xiv導論：當自然法遇到英格蘭共同法 1壹、問題意識與研究問題 2貳、文獻回顧 4一、台灣學術圈的布萊克史東與自然法研究 4二、布萊克史東的自然法學 5（一）否定論 6（二）肯定論 6參、研究方法：法律思想史的研究類型與方法 7一、三種類型的法律思想史研究 8（一）建構法律傳統敘事的法律思想史研究 8（二）建構理論的書寫的法律思想史研究 10（三）脈絡中的法學者或法學概念的法律思想史研究 11二、法律思想史的研究方法 12（一）法律史研究方法與法律思想史 12（二）哲學分析與法律思想史 13（三）思想史研究與法律思想史 14三、本文的研究方法 17肆、論文章節安排 18第一章、英國法律史中的布萊克史東 20壹、英國共同法與法律專業的形成與發展 21一、英格蘭共同法傳統的形成與發展 23（一）前共同法時期：從羅馬不列顛到盎格魯薩克遜英格蘭 25（二）盎格魯諾曼英格蘭與英格蘭共同法的形成 28（三）衡平法院的出現 35（四）都鐸王朝到斯圖亞特王朝前期：權限衝突下的共同法 36（五）斯圖亞特王朝復辟至光榮革命：共同法的完成 39二、英格蘭法律專業的形成與發展 40（一）早期英格蘭法律專業的形成 40（二）早期法學教育與律師學院的出現 42（三）十五到十七世紀的英格蘭法律職業 44（四）十八世紀的法律職業文化與法學教育 46貳、布萊克史東的生平與十八世紀英格蘭法律專業的發展 48一、從倫敦到牛津：布萊克史東的早年生活（1723-1743） 48二、來回於在牛津與律師學院之間：布萊克史東的早期法律生涯（1744-1753） 50三、牛津第一位英國法教授：布萊克史東的法律生涯成熟期（1753-1761） 54四、從恢復執業到《英國法釋義》的出版（1761-1770） 58參、《英國法釋義》與英格蘭共同法的理性化 61第二章、近代早期自然法與自然權利論的發展 64壹、自然法的哲學與歷史 64一、兩種「自然法」的研究取徑 65二、以歷史脈絡反思「自然法到自然權利」命題 66三、自然權利論與主觀權利的出現 67四、自然的概念、界線與自然法 70貳、經院主義的自然法論與後繼者 71一、阿奎納的自然法論 72二、西班牙薩拉曼卡學派與維多利亞 74（一）維多利亞的自然法與自然權利論 74（二）薩托的兩層次自然權利論 75參、宗教改革與新教自然法論 76一、宗教改革下的新教流派 77二、格勞秀斯的海權與自然法 78三、自然法與自然權利的世俗化：霍布斯、洛克與社會契約 82（一）霍布斯的自然法論 82（二）洛克的自然法論 87肆、十七到十八世紀的自然法論與自然權利論 89一、德語區自然法論：普芬道夫與康德 90（一）普芬道夫的自然法論 90（二）理性的轉向：康德與自然法 92二、自然權利論的分類 93（一）持存體制論 94（二）削減體制論 94（三）轉移體制論 95三、自然權利與兩次革命裡的權利理論 97（一）美國革命與自然權利論 97（二）法國大革命與自然權利論 98伍、小結：從神意到世俗意義的自然法 100第三章、必須保衛權利：布萊克史東的自然法學 101壹、自然法學視角下的法律與社會 101一、布萊克史東的法律命令論與自然法 102（一）布萊克史東的法概念 102（二）布萊克史東論自然法 103（三）自然權利與自由意志 104二、布萊克史東的政治社會生成理論 106（一）布萊克史東與普芬道夫的自然社會性 106（二）布萊克史東的社會契約論 107貳、布萊克史東論內國法與市民權利 111一、內國法的定義分析 112二、英格蘭人的絕對權利 113（一）人身安全的權利 115（二）個人自由的權利 116（三）私有財產權 116三、救濟權利與絕對權利的實定法化 117參、自然法與財產權 119一、布萊克史東論一般性財產權 120二、封建法與財產權 122肆、小結：自然法學與共同法的和諧婚姻？ 123第四章、布萊克史東論英格蘭憲法傳統與議會主權 125壹、英格蘭的憲法傳統與議會的發展 125一、議會的起源與布萊克史東的歷史書寫 126二、主權的系譜、王權與英格蘭的古代憲法 129（一）王權與教權之爭視野下的統治權力 130（二）在法律之上的君王權力 131（三）斯圖亞特王權集中化與英格蘭的古代憲法論 135三、布萊克史東、古代憲法與共同法的理論化 137（一）英格蘭共同法與不成文法 137（二）布萊克史東論英格蘭法歷史與憲法傳統 138貳、布萊克史東的議會主權與政治體理論 141一、英格蘭的權力分立與布萊克史東的階級觀 141二、英格蘭的絕對議會主權 144三、國王與政治體：英格蘭憲法陰影下的王權 147（一）國王的特權與尊榮 147（二）對王權的憲法限制 149參、小結：對中世紀政治理論的創造性轉化 153第五章、布萊克史東的影響與遺產 155壹、布萊克史東對英國法的影響 155一、英國法釋義出版對英格蘭法學的影響 156二、邊沁對布萊克史東的批評 157（一）《英國法釋義評論》與邊沁-布萊克史東的持續辯證 159（二）對布萊克史東法律概念的批評 160（三）邊沁對於英格蘭共同法的批評 164三、維多利亞時期的布萊克史東 166貳、布萊克史東對美國法的影響 166一、美國革命與布萊克史東 167二、布萊克史東與十九世紀美國法學 168三、布萊克史東與當代美國法學 170參、小結：布萊克史東作為保守主義者？ 172結論：布萊克史東與法律思想史的當代意義 173壹、法律思想史作為法學方法的意義 173貳、本文的論點回顧 177參、研究限制與展望 179參考文獻 181圖次圖一 英格蘭法的令狀系統體系表……………………………………………….34圖二、布萊克史東對英格蘭法學的影響分期圖………………………………..156表次表一 英格蘭主要國王與朝代簡表（諾曼到漢諾威王朝）…………………23-24 zh_TW dc.format.extent 5732070 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109651026 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 布萊克史東 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英格蘭共同法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 普通法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自然法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治體理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 有限王權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英格蘭法律史 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自然權利 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) William Blackstone en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) English common law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Natural law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Natural rights en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Theory of body politics en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Limited kingship en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) English legal history en_US dc.title (題名) 布萊克史東法律思想中的自然法學與政治體理論 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Natural Jurisprudence and Theory of Body Politics in William Blackstone`s Legal Thought en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （一）編輯史料/原典Achenwall, G. 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