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題名 歐洲聯盟與中國在氣候政策上的競合-從電動車產業探討
The Relations between the European Union and China in Climate Policies- the case of the electric vehicle industry作者 李俞萱
Li, Yu-Hsuan貢獻者 蘇卓馨
李俞萱
Li, Yu-Hsuan關鍵詞 氣候政策
電動車
互賴理論
歐盟
中國日期 2022 上傳時間 2-Sep-2022 15:37:11 (UTC+8) 摘要 在氣候議題上，歐盟長久以來積極推動國際氣候談判的進展，中國則是在2012年由中國總書記習近平提出生態文明發展建設的理念，漸漸重視氣候議題。以美國退出巴黎協議為契機，歐盟與中國在氣候議題上的合作更加緊密了，雙方的合作在全球應對氣候變化上佔有重要的角色。為應對氣候變化，運輸電動化是減排的重要手段之ㄧ。在電動車產業的發展下，中、歐各為全球第一大與第二大電動車市場（2021年）。本文以歐盟與中國為例，旨在分析歐盟與中國在氣候政策與電動車產業的合作與競爭。研究發現，歐盟與中國自2005年首次發布氣候議題上的聯合聲明後，透過歐中峰會的定期交流，雙方所合作的議題與項目的廣度都增加了。2005年時，雙方有共識的合作議題主要限於碳排放、技術合作與能源效率，但到了2018年，雙方已同意在潔淨能源、低碳交通、低碳城市合作等九個議題上合作。在電動車產業上，由於歐盟有98%的稀土進口自中國，因而在上游對中國有高度的敏感性依賴。在中游部分，歐盟內部的電池供不應求；由於中國供給全球66%的電池，是最大的供給者，故歐盟在中游也有較高的敏感性依賴。在脆弱性依賴的部分，歐盟僅在上游存有脆弱性依賴，中游部分則因為中國的電池具有替代性，所以較沒有脆弱性依賴的情形。歐盟與中國在電動車產業上於多元的合作中存有競爭。從全球市場的銷售額排名來看，歐盟與中國的競爭力不相上下。在呈現寡占的中東與非洲市場，歐洲企業與中國企業也是寡占企業之一。歐盟與中國的本土市場則是各自的本土企業最有優勢。歐中雖在氣候政策上有所合作，但在可以達到減排的手段，電動車上卻隱含有競爭的本質。 參考文獻 壹、中文部分ㄧ汽-大眾（n.d.）。企業概述。取自http://www.faw-vw.com/summary.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。ㄧ汽-大眾（n.d.）。車型總覽。取自https://vw.faw-vw.com/models/（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。上汽大眾（n.d.）。關於企業。取自https://www.csvw.com/csvw-website/module/about.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。中國。中国落实国家自主贡献成效和新目标新举措。取自https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/China%20First/中国落实国家自主贡献成效和新目标新举措.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。中國。绿色产业指导目录(2019 年版) 。取自http://fgw.beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/tztg/202109/P020210909659122770907.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）中國中央人民政府（2020）。国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划（2021—2035年）的通知。取自http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm#（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。中國工業和信息化部（2020）。乘用車企業平均燃料消耗量與新能源汽車積分並行管理辦法。取自https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/flfg/art/2020/art_2337a6d7ca894c5c8e8483cf9400ecdd.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。中國國家發展和改革委員會（2021）。中華人民共和國國民經濟和社會發展 第十四個五年規劃和 2035 年遠景目標綱要。取自https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202103/P020210323538797779059.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。中華人民共和國國防部（2021）。習近平總書記關于生態文明建設重要論述綜述。取自 http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/topnews/2021-06/03/content_4886720.htm （最後瀏覽日：2022年6月4日）日經中文網（2017）。從大眾與江淮汽車被「特批」的合作看到的。取自https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/industry/icar/25269-2017-05-24-01-38-32.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。日經中文網（2020）。大眾加深與中國的蜜月關係。取自https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/industry/icar/40760-2020-06-01-10-51-29.html?start=1（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。洪德欽(Der-Chin Horng) (2013)。「氣候變遷與歐美政策回應」專題緒論。EurAmerica，43(1)，001–025。https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201303_43(1).0001唐君豪（2014）。試析中國稀土案中有關中國入會議定書第 11.3 條得否適用 GATT 第 20 條之一般例外之規定。經貿法訊， 161 ，11-18。黃子庭（2015）。 中國稀土霸權下的中歐夥伴關係博奕。東亞論壇，488， 39–58。黃滋立（2012）。由中國於WTO下之國際法義務探討其稀土出口管制政策（碩士論文）。取自 https://nccu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/886NCCU_INST/92ogcr/alma991021051608105721。張孟仁(Meng-Jen Chang)(2012)。歐洲聯盟的全球經貿戰略佈局：與中國大陸經貿關係為例國際關係學報，33， 103–162。 https://doi.org/10.30413/TJIR.201201_(33).0003領克汽車（n.d.）。領克車系。取自https://www.lynkco.com.cn （最後瀏覽日：2022年6月2日）。謝德勇（2012）。 歐盟碳排放交易制度之缺陷分析。工業技術研究院綠能與環境研究所。取自https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Document/reference_more?id=53（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）產業鏈資訊平台(n.d.)。電動車車輛產業鏈簡介。取自https://ic.tpex.org.tw/introduce.php?ic=A300（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。關孔文(2017)。影響中、美、歐三邊氣候外交關係的經濟因素。寧夏大學學報：人文社會科學版，39(4)，76–79。CVNews商業車誌（2019）。重車界環保急先鋒，VOLVO TRUCK電動貨卡FL Electric首批車開始交貨上路。取自http://www.cvn.com.tw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?b902002610008（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。貳、英文部分Abnett, K. 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國立政治大學
外交學系
109253002資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253002 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蘇卓馨 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李俞萱 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Li, Yu-Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 李俞萱 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Li, Yu-Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2022 15:37:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2022 15:37:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2022 15:37:11 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109253002 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141790 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109253002 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在氣候議題上，歐盟長久以來積極推動國際氣候談判的進展，中國則是在2012年由中國總書記習近平提出生態文明發展建設的理念，漸漸重視氣候議題。以美國退出巴黎協議為契機，歐盟與中國在氣候議題上的合作更加緊密了，雙方的合作在全球應對氣候變化上佔有重要的角色。為應對氣候變化，運輸電動化是減排的重要手段之ㄧ。在電動車產業的發展下，中、歐各為全球第一大與第二大電動車市場（2021年）。本文以歐盟與中國為例，旨在分析歐盟與中國在氣候政策與電動車產業的合作與競爭。研究發現，歐盟與中國自2005年首次發布氣候議題上的聯合聲明後，透過歐中峰會的定期交流，雙方所合作的議題與項目的廣度都增加了。2005年時，雙方有共識的合作議題主要限於碳排放、技術合作與能源效率，但到了2018年，雙方已同意在潔淨能源、低碳交通、低碳城市合作等九個議題上合作。在電動車產業上，由於歐盟有98%的稀土進口自中國，因而在上游對中國有高度的敏感性依賴。在中游部分，歐盟內部的電池供不應求；由於中國供給全球66%的電池，是最大的供給者，故歐盟在中游也有較高的敏感性依賴。在脆弱性依賴的部分，歐盟僅在上游存有脆弱性依賴，中游部分則因為中國的電池具有替代性，所以較沒有脆弱性依賴的情形。歐盟與中國在電動車產業上於多元的合作中存有競爭。從全球市場的銷售額排名來看，歐盟與中國的競爭力不相上下。在呈現寡占的中東與非洲市場，歐洲企業與中國企業也是寡占企業之一。歐盟與中國的本土市場則是各自的本土企業最有優勢。歐中雖在氣候政策上有所合作，但在可以達到減排的手段，電動車上卻隱含有競爭的本質。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………1第一節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………………………1第二節 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………………………3第三節 研究途徑………………………………………………………………………………16第四節 研究方法與範圍…………………………………………………………………19第五節 研究限制與章節安排…………………………………………………………19第二章 歐盟與中國氣候政策的現況……………………………………………21第一節 歐盟的綠色新政……………………………………………………………………21第二節 中國生態文明發展政策………………………………………………………25第三章 分析歐盟與中國在氣候政策與電動車產業上的競合…31第一節 歐盟與中國在氣候政策上的合作……………………………………31第二節 歐盟與中國的電動車產業──合作中競爭……………………40第三節 綜合分析…………………………………………………………………………………77第四章 結論 ………………………………………………………………………………83參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………………………90 zh_TW dc.format.extent 10277945 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253002 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電動車 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互賴理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 歐洲聯盟與中國在氣候政策上的競合-從電動車產業探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Relations between the European Union and China in Climate Policies- the case of the electric vehicle industry en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部分ㄧ汽-大眾（n.d.）。企業概述。取自http://www.faw-vw.com/summary.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。ㄧ汽-大眾（n.d.）。車型總覽。取自https://vw.faw-vw.com/models/（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。上汽大眾（n.d.）。關於企業。取自https://www.csvw.com/csvw-website/module/about.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。中國。中国落实国家自主贡献成效和新目标新举措。取自https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/China%20First/中国落实国家自主贡献成效和新目标新举措.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。中國。绿色产业指导目录(2019 年版) 。取自http://fgw.beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/tztg/202109/P020210909659122770907.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）中國中央人民政府（2020）。国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划（2021—2035年）的通知。取自http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm#（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。中國工業和信息化部（2020）。乘用車企業平均燃料消耗量與新能源汽車積分並行管理辦法。取自https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/flfg/art/2020/art_2337a6d7ca894c5c8e8483cf9400ecdd.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。中國國家發展和改革委員會（2021）。中華人民共和國國民經濟和社會發展 第十四個五年規劃和 2035 年遠景目標綱要。取自https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202103/P020210323538797779059.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。中華人民共和國國防部（2021）。習近平總書記關于生態文明建設重要論述綜述。取自 http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/topnews/2021-06/03/content_4886720.htm （最後瀏覽日：2022年6月4日）日經中文網（2017）。從大眾與江淮汽車被「特批」的合作看到的。取自https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/industry/icar/25269-2017-05-24-01-38-32.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月11日）。日經中文網（2020）。大眾加深與中國的蜜月關係。取自https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/industry/icar/40760-2020-06-01-10-51-29.html?start=1（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。洪德欽(Der-Chin Horng) (2013)。「氣候變遷與歐美政策回應」專題緒論。EurAmerica，43(1)，001–025。https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201303_43(1).0001唐君豪（2014）。試析中國稀土案中有關中國入會議定書第 11.3 條得否適用 GATT 第 20 條之一般例外之規定。經貿法訊， 161 ，11-18。黃子庭（2015）。 中國稀土霸權下的中歐夥伴關係博奕。東亞論壇，488， 39–58。黃滋立（2012）。由中國於WTO下之國際法義務探討其稀土出口管制政策（碩士論文）。取自 https://nccu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/886NCCU_INST/92ogcr/alma991021051608105721。張孟仁(Meng-Jen Chang)(2012)。歐洲聯盟的全球經貿戰略佈局：與中國大陸經貿關係為例國際關係學報，33， 103–162。 https://doi.org/10.30413/TJIR.201201_(33).0003領克汽車（n.d.）。領克車系。取自https://www.lynkco.com.cn （最後瀏覽日：2022年6月2日）。謝德勇（2012）。 歐盟碳排放交易制度之缺陷分析。工業技術研究院綠能與環境研究所。取自https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Document/reference_more?id=53（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）產業鏈資訊平台(n.d.)。電動車車輛產業鏈簡介。取自https://ic.tpex.org.tw/introduce.php?ic=A300（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。關孔文(2017)。影響中、美、歐三邊氣候外交關係的經濟因素。寧夏大學學報：人文社會科學版，39(4)，76–79。CVNews商業車誌（2019）。重車界環保急先鋒，VOLVO TRUCK電動貨卡FL Electric首批車開始交貨上路。取自http://www.cvn.com.tw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?b902002610008（最後瀏覽日：2022年5月31日）。貳、英文部分Abnett, K. 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