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題名 伊斯蘭解放黨在中亞發展之研究
A Study on the Development of Hizb-ut-Tahrir in Central Asia
作者 陳玟穎
Chen, Wen-Ying
貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung-Fang
陳玟穎
Chen, Wen-Ying
關鍵詞 伊斯蘭解放黨
極端組織
社會運動
政治過程理論
Hizb ut-Tahrir
Extremist organization
Social movement
Political process theory
日期 2023
上傳時間 9-三月-2023 18:27:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 蘇聯的解體和社會主義的崩潰促進了中亞國家宗教意識的崛起，中亞地區恢復了與穆斯林世界失去的聯繫。中亞國家的腐敗和缺乏真正的民主過渡導致人民依賴伊斯蘭教；政治和社會經濟問題，使激進的伊斯蘭教在中亞地區廣泛傳播，對中亞當局構成威脅。其中伊斯蘭解放黨為中亞地區人數最多的伊斯蘭極端組織，該組織為典型的跨國社會運動組織，且組織對於暴力與非暴力的定位具有爭議性，對當局而言組織的存在有如芒刺在背。
本文運用社會運動理論中的政治過程理論分析伊斯蘭解放黨在中亞的起源、發展與影響。政治過程理論包含政治機會、動員結構和框架化過程。透過政治機會理解中亞政治環境中阻礙或促進集體運動的機會；透過動員結構了解伊斯蘭解放黨組織的基礎能力；透過框架化過程了解伊斯蘭解放黨如何運用話語宣傳賦予集體運動合法性，並鼓勵與說服群體參與社會運動。
本文研究發現，以政治機會結構的四個面向，中亞的政治與法律環境並未出現有利的機會，但中亞當局的獨裁與封閉為解放黨製造另類機會，伊斯蘭解放黨為民發聲有如反對黨的存在，且當局對解放黨的迫害使人民對該組織產生憐憫。伊斯蘭解放黨在動員結構的面相，組織強盛、人力資源充足且在資源方面擁有自給自足的能力，跨國組織的特性使伊斯蘭解放黨較無可能被一舉殲滅。組織的框架化過程，以回歸伊斯蘭教法和實現哈里發國作為意識形態，以「文明衝突」當作運動的主框架，吸引穆斯林共同體加入。
The collapse of the Soviet Union, along with socialism, contributed to the rise of religious consciousness in Central Asian countries. Furthermore, the region regained its connection with the Muslim world. Corruption and the lack of a genuine democratic transition in Central Asian countries have led to the widespread adoption of Islamic extremism and continue to undermine Central Asian government authorities. Among them is the Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Islamic extremist organization with the largest following in Central Asia. Although being a typical transnational social movement organization, Hizb ut-Tahrir’s position on violence and nonviolence is controversial, making it a threat to government authorities.
This research analyzed the origin, development, and influence of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia through the social movement theory in political process theory. The political process theory consists of political opportunities, mobilization structures, and framing processes. The opportunities that hinder or facilitate the collective movements in the Central Asian political environment can be clarified through political opportunity; the foundational capacities of Hizb ut-Tahrir organizations can be discussed based on the mobilization structure as for how Hizb ut-Tahrir legitimized collective movements and convinced people to participate in social movements through discursive propaganda will be speculated by framing process.
In this study, it is found that there are no favorable opportunities presented in the political and legal environment in Central Asia among the four dimensions of the political opportunity structure. However, owing to the dictatorship and seclusion of the Central Asian authorities, alternative opportunities were created for Hizb ut-Tahrir to speak out for the people like an opposition party, and the persecution of Hizb ut-Tahrir by authorities resulted in people taking pity on the organization. Regarding its mobilization structure, Hizb ut-Tahrir is a strong organization with sufficient human resources and the capability to be self-sufficient. Being a multinational organization makes it less likely to be destroyed in one fell swoop. The organization`s framework is based on the ideology of the return to Shariah law, the realization of the caliphate as an ideology, with the idea of "the clash of civilizations" as the main framework of the movement to attract the Muslim community to join.
參考文獻 一、中文部分

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（二）、期刊專文
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（三）、學位論文
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（四）、研究報告
郭武平（2003）。中亞地區政經發展之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫(報告編號：NSC92-2414-H-004-028-)，未出版。
 
二、英文部分

（一）、書籍
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2.期刊專文

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（三）、學位論文
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（四）、研究報告
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三、俄文部分

（一）、書籍
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Кочкунов, А.С. « Некоторые Вопросы Государственного Регулирования религиозной Сферы Кыргызской Республики » // Политические науки. 2020. № 3-1 (42). С.181-185.
Махамбетов, С.С. « Неоисламское Движение В Республике Казахстан»//Қазақ өркениеті Казахская цивилизация. 2019. № 4 (81). C.23-27.
Мусагулова, А.Б., Арыстанбекова, К.Д. « Борьба советской власти против религии и ее отрицательные последствия в национальном самосознании »// Вестник КазНПУ. 2015. № 1. C.1-13.
Чумаченко, Т. А. « Государство и Русская православная церковь в 1958-1964 годах: новая политическая война с религией, Церковью и верующими »//Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. 2014. № 19(348). C.82-90.
 
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
109263008
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109263008
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung-Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 陳玟穎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Chen, Wen-Yingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳玟穎zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Wen-Yingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-三月-2023 18:27:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-三月-2023 18:27:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-三月-2023 18:27:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0109263008en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143790-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109263008zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 蘇聯的解體和社會主義的崩潰促進了中亞國家宗教意識的崛起，中亞地區恢復了與穆斯林世界失去的聯繫。中亞國家的腐敗和缺乏真正的民主過渡導致人民依賴伊斯蘭教；政治和社會經濟問題，使激進的伊斯蘭教在中亞地區廣泛傳播，對中亞當局構成威脅。其中伊斯蘭解放黨為中亞地區人數最多的伊斯蘭極端組織，該組織為典型的跨國社會運動組織，且組織對於暴力與非暴力的定位具有爭議性，對當局而言組織的存在有如芒刺在背。
本文運用社會運動理論中的政治過程理論分析伊斯蘭解放黨在中亞的起源、發展與影響。政治過程理論包含政治機會、動員結構和框架化過程。透過政治機會理解中亞政治環境中阻礙或促進集體運動的機會；透過動員結構了解伊斯蘭解放黨組織的基礎能力；透過框架化過程了解伊斯蘭解放黨如何運用話語宣傳賦予集體運動合法性，並鼓勵與說服群體參與社會運動。
本文研究發現，以政治機會結構的四個面向，中亞的政治與法律環境並未出現有利的機會，但中亞當局的獨裁與封閉為解放黨製造另類機會，伊斯蘭解放黨為民發聲有如反對黨的存在，且當局對解放黨的迫害使人民對該組織產生憐憫。伊斯蘭解放黨在動員結構的面相，組織強盛、人力資源充足且在資源方面擁有自給自足的能力，跨國組織的特性使伊斯蘭解放黨較無可能被一舉殲滅。組織的框架化過程，以回歸伊斯蘭教法和實現哈里發國作為意識形態，以「文明衝突」當作運動的主框架，吸引穆斯林共同體加入。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The collapse of the Soviet Union, along with socialism, contributed to the rise of religious consciousness in Central Asian countries. Furthermore, the region regained its connection with the Muslim world. Corruption and the lack of a genuine democratic transition in Central Asian countries have led to the widespread adoption of Islamic extremism and continue to undermine Central Asian government authorities. Among them is the Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Islamic extremist organization with the largest following in Central Asia. Although being a typical transnational social movement organization, Hizb ut-Tahrir’s position on violence and nonviolence is controversial, making it a threat to government authorities.
This research analyzed the origin, development, and influence of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia through the social movement theory in political process theory. The political process theory consists of political opportunities, mobilization structures, and framing processes. The opportunities that hinder or facilitate the collective movements in the Central Asian political environment can be clarified through political opportunity; the foundational capacities of Hizb ut-Tahrir organizations can be discussed based on the mobilization structure as for how Hizb ut-Tahrir legitimized collective movements and convinced people to participate in social movements through discursive propaganda will be speculated by framing process.
In this study, it is found that there are no favorable opportunities presented in the political and legal environment in Central Asia among the four dimensions of the political opportunity structure. However, owing to the dictatorship and seclusion of the Central Asian authorities, alternative opportunities were created for Hizb ut-Tahrir to speak out for the people like an opposition party, and the persecution of Hizb ut-Tahrir by authorities resulted in people taking pity on the organization. Regarding its mobilization structure, Hizb ut-Tahrir is a strong organization with sufficient human resources and the capability to be self-sufficient. Being a multinational organization makes it less likely to be destroyed in one fell swoop. The organization`s framework is based on the ideology of the return to Shariah law, the realization of the caliphate as an ideology, with the idea of "the clash of civilizations" as the main framework of the movement to attract the Muslim community to join.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻回顧 3
第三節 研究途徑與方法 12
第四節 研究範圍與限制 17
第五節 章節安排 19
第二章 伊斯蘭解放黨的政治機會 21
第一節 蘇聯解體 21
第二節 中亞政治環境 32
第三節 中亞法律環境 46
第四節 小結 63
第三章 伊斯蘭解放黨的動員結構 64
第一節 伊斯蘭解放黨介紹 64
第二節 伊斯蘭解放黨組織網絡與資源連結 78
第三節 伊斯蘭解放黨的成員招募 84
第四節 小結 89
第四章 伊斯蘭解放黨的框架化過程 90
第一節 中亞地區的政治伊斯蘭 90
第二節 伊斯蘭解放黨框架與意識形態 97
第三節 伊斯蘭解放黨行動與策略 102
第四節 小結 107
第五章 結論 108
參考文獻 112		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3454653 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109263008en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊斯蘭解放黨zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 極端組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會運動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治過程理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hizb ut-Tahriren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Extremist organizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social movementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Political process theoryen_US
dc.title (題名) 伊斯蘭解放黨在中亞發展之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on the Development of Hizb-ut-Tahrir in Central Asiaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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Akbarzadeh, Shahram, (ed.,) Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (London: Routledge, 2012)
Amnon, Cohen, Political Parties in the West Bank under the Jordanian Regime, 1949– 1967 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982)
an-Nabhani, T.,1996, The Ruling System in Islam, (London: Al-Khilafah Publications, 1996)
Baran, Zeyno, Hizb ut-Tahrir: Islam’s Political Insurgency (Washington: The Nixon Center, 2004)
Baturo, Alexander & Elgie, Robert, (eds.,) The Politics of Presidential Term Limits (Oxford University Press, 2019)
Charles, Kimball, When religion becomes evil: Five warning signs (HarperOne, 2008)
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Implementation of the Helsinki Accords: Human Rights and Democratization in the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993)
Cragin, Kim & Daly, Sara, Women as Terrorists: Mothers, Recruiters, and Martyrs (Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 2009)
Eaton, Katherine, Daily Life in the Soviet Union (Greenwood Publishing Group,2004)
Epkenhans, Tim, The Origins of the Civil War in Tajikistan: Nationalism, Islamism, and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Space (Lexington Books, 2016)
Fish, Steven, Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001)
Hizb ut-Tahrir, Khilafah is the Answer (London: Al-Khilafah Publications, 1989)
Hizb ut-Tahrir, Political Thoughts (London: Al-Khilafah Publications, 1999)
Hunter, Shireen, Central Asia Since Independence (Washington: Praeger, 1996)
Hunter, Shireen, Thomas, Jeffrey, and Alexander, Melikishvili, Islam in Russia: The politics of identity and security (Routledge, 2004)
Kabak, Dmitry & Esengeldiev, Almaz, Freedom of Religion and Belief in the Kyrgyz Republic: Overview of the Legislation and Practice (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, 2011)
Kangas, Roger, Power and change in Central Asia (London: Routledge, 2002)
Karagiannis, Emmanuel, Political Islam in Central Asia: The Challenge of Hizb Ut-Tahrir (Routledge, 2009)
Kariomiv, Islam, Uzbekistan: The Road of Independence and Progress (Tashkent, Uzbekistan Publications,1992)
Langkjer, Birger, Sekter i Danmark: Hizb ut-Tahrir, Faderhuset, Scientologi, InJiva-behandling (Birger Langkjer,2006)
Mandaville, Peter, Global political Isla (London and New York: Routledge, 2007)
Mark, Braden, OSCE/ODIHR Review of Kazakhstan’s New Law on Political Parties (Eurasia Insight, 2002)
McAdam, Doug, Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1999)
McAdam, Doug & McCarthy, John & Zald, Mayer, (eds.,) Comparative perspectives on social movements: Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Podoprigora, Roman, Islam in Kazakhstan from a Legal Perspective (Hamburg: Deutsches Orient Institut, 2002)
Pospielovsky, Dimitry, A History of MarxistLeninist Atheistn and Soviet Antireligious Policies: Volume 1 of A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory and Practice, and the Believer (Palgrave Macmillan, 1987)
Rashid, Ahmed, Jihad, the Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia, (London: Yale University Press, 2002)
Runner, Boris, (ed.,) Central Asia: A Gathering Storm (United States: M.E. Sharpe Publishers, 2003)
Sayfullozoda, Hikmatullo, A Modern, National Understanding of Relations Between the Secular State and Islam (Baden-Baden, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2005)
Snow, David, Porta, Donatella, Klandermans, Bert and McAdam, Douglas, (eds.,) The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements (Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2013)
Spector, Regine, The Transformation of Askar Akaev, President of Kyrgyzstan (Berkeley: University of California, 2004)
Taji-Farouki, Suha, A Fundamental Quest: Hizb ut-Tahrir and the Search for the Islamic Caliphate (London: Grey Seal Books, 1996)
Taquiddin, Al-Nabhani, The methodology of Hizb ut-Tahrir for change (London: al-Khalifah Publications, 1999)
Taylor, Stan, Social Science and Revolution (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1984)
Upal, Muhammad & Cusack, Carole, (eds.,) The Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements (Brill, 2021)
Warikoo, Kulbhushan, (ed.,) Religion and Security in South and Central Asia (New York: Routledge, 2011)
（二）、期刊
1.電子期刊
Redman, Mike, 2003, ‘‘Hizb-ut-Tahrir: Making Inroads into Kazakhstan?’’ Central Asia Caucasus Analyst, Retrieved November 28, 2022, from http://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/8100-analytical-articles-caci-analyst-2003-6-4-art-8100.html
Rotar, Igor, “Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia”, Terrorism Monito, Vol. 2, No. 4, May 2005, Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://jamestown.org/program/hizb-ut-tahrir-in-central-asia/
Usenov, Arsen ,2022, “Religious Politics in Kyrgyzstan: Analysis of Achievements and Issues”, Retrieved July 28, 2022, from https://cabar.asia/en/religious-politics-in-kyrgyzstan-analysis-of-achievements-and-issues
Wibisono, Susilo, Louis, Winnifred & Jetten, Jolanda, "A Multidimensional Analysis of Religious Extremism," Conceptual Analysis, 2019, Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02560

2.期刊專文

Ahmed, Mutahir, “Civil War in Tajikistan: Internal Strife and External Response,’’ Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 47, No. 4, 1994, pp.87-95.
Akbarzadeh, Shahram, “Political Islam in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan,’’ Central Asian Survey, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2001, pp.451-465.
Anderson, John, ‘‘The Council for Religious Affairs and the Shaping of Soviet Religious Policy,’’ Soviet Studies, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1991, pp.689–710.
Balci, Bayram, “Fethullah Gulen’s Missionary Schools in Central Asia and their role in the Spreading of Turkism and Islam,” Religion, State and Society, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2003, pp.151-177.
Chaudet, Didier, “Hizb ut-Tahrir: An Islamist threat to Central Asia?,’’ Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2006, pp.113-125.
citizenship: the case of Hizb ut-Tahrir,” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim
Collins, Kathleen, “Kyrgyzstan’s Latest Revolution,’’ Journal of Democracy, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2011, pp.150-164.
Cummingsa, Sally, Juraevb, Shairbek, Pugachevc, Alexander, Temirkulovc, Azamat,Haila Al-Mekaimi, “Political Transformations in The Republic of Turkmenistan During the Period (1991-2021),’’ Political Sciences Journal, No. 63, 2022, pp.73-112.
Iqbal, Asep & Zulkifli, Zulkifli, “Islamic fundamentalism, nation-state and global
Karagiannis, Emmanuel & Mccauley, Clark, “Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami: Evaluating the Threat Posed by a Radical Islamic Group That Remains Nonviolent,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2006, pp.315-314.
Karagiannis, Emmanuel, “Political Islam in Uzbekistan: Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, No. 2, 2006, pp.261-280.
Karagiannis, Emmanuel, “The Challenge of Radical Islam in Tajikistan: Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami,’’ Nationalities Papers, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2006, pp.1-20.
Karagiannis, Emmanuel, “The New Face of Political Islam in Central Asia: The Rise of Islamo-democrats,” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2016, pp.267-281.
Karagiannis, Emmanuel, “The Rise of Political Islam in Kazakhstan: Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami,’’ Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2007, pp.297-322.
Kendzior, Sarah, “Inventing Akromiya: The role of Uzbek propagandists in the Andijon massacre,” Demokratizatsiya-washington, Vol.14, No. 4, 1992, pp.545-565.
Koopmans, Ruud, “Political. Opportunity. Structure. Some Splitting to Balance the Lumping,” Sociological Forum, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1999, pp.93-105.
Makna, Sania, “Islam and politics in central Asia,” International journal of basic and applied research, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2019, pp.428-437.
McCarthy, John & Zald, Mayer, “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 82, No. 6, 1977, pp.1212-1241.
Omelicheva, Mariya, “Islam in Kazakhstan: a survey of contemporary trends and sources of securitization,’’ Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2011, pp.243-256.
Polat, Abdumannob & Butkevich, Nickolai, ‘‘Unraveling the mystery of the Tashkent bombings: Theories and implications,’’ Demokratizatsiia, No.8, 2000, pp.541-553.
Schwartz, Stephen, “Hizb Ut-tahrir in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan: A Comparative Analysis,” Publication: Terrorism Monitor, Vol. 2, No. 16, 2005, Retrieved November 30, 2022, from https://jamestown.org/program/hizb-ut-tahrir-in-uzbekistan-and-kazakhstan-a-comparative-analysis/
Snow, David & Benford, Robert, “Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization,” International Social Movement Research, Vol. 1, 1998, pp. 197–217.
Societies, Vol.6, No.1, 2016, pp. 35–61.
Sullivan, Charles J, “The Crumbling Kyrgyz Republic,’’ Asian Affairs, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2002, pp.44-61.
Tiulegenovc, Medet & Tursunkulovad, Bermet, “State, regime, and government in the Kyrgyz Republic (1991–2010): disaggregating a relationship,’’ East European Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2013, pp.443-460.
Tolipov, Farkhod, “Thirty Years of Uzbekistan`s International Relations: Quo Vadis,” Crossroads Policy Brief, Vol.4, 2020, pp.1-10.
Turner, Taylor J, “Freedom under Control: Registration of Religious Organizations in Kazakhstan,’’ Columbia Journal of East European Law, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2008, pp.272-311
Ugur, Halil, “Turkmenistan: political, economic, and international developments in the wake of Soviet imperialism,” Journal of Third World Studies, Vol.13, No. 1, 1996, pp.15-23.
William Fierman, “Policy toward Islam in Uzbekistan in the Gorbachev era,” Nationalities Papers, Vol.22, No. 1, 1994, pp. 225-246.
Yilmaz, Ihsan, “The Varied Performance of Hizb ut-Tahrir: Success in Britain and Uzbekistan and Stalemate in Egypt and Turkey,” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2010, pp.501-517.
Zainiddinov, Hakim, “The Changing Relationship of the Secularized State to Religion in Tajikistan,’’ Journal of Church and State, Vol. 55, No. 3, 2013, pp.456-477.
Zakirov, Bekzod, “Authoritarian Regime Stability in Uzbekistan under Patronal President Islam Karimov,” Central Asian Affairs, Vol.8, No. 3, 2021, pp.273-296.
（三）、學位論文
Jabeen, Tabasum, State and Islam in Turkmenistan (1991-2001) (University of Kashmir, 2011)
Scarborough, Isaac, The Extremes It Takes to Survive: Tajikistan and the Collapse of the Soviet Union, 1985–1992 (PhD Dissertation, LSE, London, 2018)
Schmid, Alex, Violent and Non-Violent Extremism: Two Sides of the Same Coin (ICCT Research Paper, May 2014)
Volf, Irina, Comparative quantitative and qualitative content analyses of coverage of Hizb ut-Tahrir in German, British and Kyrgyz quality newspapers in 2002-2007 (Universität Konstanz, 2011)

（四）、研究報告
Nichol, Jim, Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and US Interests, (Washington,DC: Library of Congress , 2010)
Vasilyev, Petr Nikolayevich, Vasilyev and Others V. Russia – Statement of Facts and Questions, The European Court of Human Rights (no. 38891/08, 2008,)
Zenn, Jacob & Kuehnast, Kathleen, Preventing Violent Extremism in Kyrgyzstan (Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace, 2014)
 
三、俄文部分

（一）、書籍
Гончаренко, Е. В. Модернизация советского законодательства о религиозных культах в 1964–1982 гг. Казань : Бук, 2015.
Кривец, Е.А. Ислам в Средней Азии. Москва: Реном.1999.
Юницкая, Р.З. Ленин, В.И. Полное собрание сочинений Том 07. М.: Политиздат, 1967.

（二）、期刊專書
Абдуллаев, А.А. «" Нежизнеспособные" Общественные Движения в Транзитных Государствах: Центрально-Азиатская Хизб Ут-Тахрир Аль-Ислами»//Современные евразийские исследования.2016. № 3. C.50-66.
Адиб, Халид. «Постсоветские судьбы среднеазиатского ислама»//Россия и мусульманский мир. 2012. № 12. C. 139-140.
Ерёмин, А. В. « Развитие социальной деятельности Русской Православной Церкви в период становления новой религиозной политики советского государства (1985–1991 гг.) »// Ярославский педагогический вестник . 2012. № 3(1). C.56-60.
Канах, А.М. « “Хизб-Ут-Тахрир” Основные Идеологические Концепции(Партия Освобождения)».2006. УДК 327.39:297. C.1-4.
Королева, Л. А., and Королев, А. А. «Ислам в СССР: некоторые аспекты государственно-религиозной политики »// Альманах современной науки и образования. 2008. № 6(1). C.110-114.
Кочкунов, А.С. « Некоторые Вопросы Государственного Регулирования религиозной Сферы Кыргызской Республики » // Политические науки. 2020. № 3-1 (42). С.181-185.
Махамбетов, С.С. « Неоисламское Движение В Республике Казахстан»//Қазақ өркениеті Казахская цивилизация. 2019. № 4 (81). C.23-27.
Мусагулова, А.Б., Арыстанбекова, К.Д. « Борьба советской власти против религии и ее отрицательные последствия в национальном самосознании »// Вестник КазНПУ. 2015. № 1. C.1-13.
Чумаченко, Т. А. « Государство и Русская православная церковь в 1958-1964 годах: новая политическая война с религией, Церковью и верующими »//Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. 2014. № 19(348). C.82-90.
 
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