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題名 虛擬專案團隊發展歷程之研究—以臺灣盃學生方程式聯賽籌備團隊為例
Group Development in Virtual Project Teams: A Case Study of the Formula Student Taiwan Organizing Team.
作者 蕭憶珊
Hsiao, Yi-Shan
貢獻者 黃家齊
Huang, Jia-Chi
蕭憶珊
Hsiao, Yi-Shan
關鍵詞 團隊管理
虛擬專案團隊
團隊發展歷程
Group Management
Virtual Project Teams
Group Development Process
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 13:37:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇旨在研究虛擬專案團隊的發展階段，找出虛擬團隊與一般團隊發展的差 異，並依據研究結果提出新的虛擬團隊發展模型。研究者以 Tuckman 團隊發展 模型作為研究依據，以第二屆臺灣盃學生方程式聯賽的籌備團隊作為研究對象， 透過深度訪談團隊成員來分析該團隊的發展歷程。
研究者觀察作為研究對象的專案團隊，因為成員之間專業知識與職責相異甚 遠，而發展出兩個子團隊—核心團隊與非核心團隊。依據 Tuckman 的模型架構， 歸納該專案團隊共發展出三種團隊發展歷程，分別是整個大專案團隊、核心子團 隊及非核心子團隊的發展歷程。因此研究者引入核心團隊和非核心團隊的概念， 指出他們可能和大團隊處於不同的發展階段。其中，當專案團隊的核心團隊和非 核心團隊演變出不同的團隊發展歷程時，核心團隊的各個發展階段比非核心團隊 的發展階段來得更早。
團隊衝突方面，非核心團隊的衝突常由核心團隊的成員解決。管理者應該辨 別各個子團隊發展階段，來進行適當的管理。另外，即使核心團隊成員之間相互 熟悉，在不同的團隊中扮演不同的角色並面對不同的團隊目標時，他們仍可能經 歷風暴期，不會因為彼此熟識而完全避免衝突。
此外，本研究發現虛擬團隊的發展不完全遵循經典的 Tuckman 模型，因此 研究者依據觀察結果提出了一個新模型，表示虛擬團隊依據時間發展會經歷測試、 適應、分享、表現和重塑五個階段。研究者根據時序分析虛擬團隊內各個成員之 間的互動，提出新的虛擬團隊發展模型。此模型旨在給予管理者領導虛擬團隊時 的依據，辨別團隊在不同時期可能面臨的問題，以做出相應的管理決策。
This study aims to investigate the development stages of virtual project teams, identify the differences between virtual teams and traditional teams in terms of development, and propose a new model for the development of virtual teams based on the research findings. The researcher used Tuckman`s group development model as the basis for the study and focused on the Formula Student Taiwan Organizing Team as the research subject. The group` s development process was analyzed through interviews with team members.
The researcher observed that the project team under study, due to the significant differences in professional knowledge and responsibilities among its members, developed into two sub-teams: the core team and the non-core team. Based on Tuckman`s model framework, the study summarized three team development processes within the project team: the overall project team, the core sub-team, and the non-core sub-team`s development processes. Therefore, the researcher introduced the concept of core and non-core teams and pointed out that they may be in different stages of development compared to the larger team. Specifically, when the core team and the non-core team of the project team evolve different team development processes, the core team reaches each development stage earlier than the non-core team.
Regarding team conflict, conflicts within the non-core team are often resolved by members of the core team. Managers should identify the development stages of each sub-team to facilitate appropriate management. Additionally, even when core team members are familiar with each other, they may still experience a storming phase when they play different roles and face different team goals in various teams, indicating that conflicts cannot be entirely avoided simply because they know each other.
Furthermore, this study found that the development of virtual teams does not strictly adhere to the classical Tuckman model. Therefore, based on the observation results, the researcher proposed a new model that suggests virtual teams go through five stages of testing, onboarding, sharing, performing, and adjusting as they develop over time. The researcher developed this new model by analyzing the interactions between members within the virtual team chronologically. The purpose of this model is to provide managers with guidance when leading virtual teams, helping them identify potential problems that the team may face during different periods and make appropriate management decisions.
參考文獻 何亞竹 (2012)，大學國際志工服務隊團隊發展之研究－以北區三個教育服務國際志工服務隊為例，碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學。
池榮尉 (2004)，國民小學教師團隊發展歷程之研究—以啄木鳥教師團隊為例—，碩士論文，中原大學。
侯勝宗 (2016)，社會企業為何會興起，獨立評論，https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/380/article/4224，擷取日期：2023年3月3日
張誠新 (2008)，創新創業競賽團隊發展歷程之研究，碩士論文，國立政治大學。
葉彥綺 (2011)，修復式正義在少年矯正學校行政核心團隊組織衝突管理之可行性研究，碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學。
楊璧如 (2007)，由團隊規模、團隊成員組成與團隊溝通探討機構投資人研究團隊績效之良窳，碩士論文，銘傳大學。
楊玉琪 (2001)，成員互動行為對虛擬團隊合作績效影響之研究，碩士論文，國立中山大學。
賴冠棠 (2017)，團隊架構檢討與優化—以第一屆台北科大學生方程式賽車為例，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學。
Art Kleiner. (2003). Core groups: A theory of power and influence for "learning" organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16 (6), 666-683.
Cannella, A. A., Park, J. H., & Lee, H. U. (2008). Top management team functional background diversity and firm performance: Examining the roles of team member colocation and environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 51 (4), 768-784.
Carley, K. (1991). A theory of group stability. American Sociological Review, 56 (3), 331-354.
Donelson R. Forsyth (2017) Group Dynamic, 7 (3).
Fisher, B. Aubrey (1970). Decision emergence: Phases in group decision-making. Speech Monographs, 37 (1), 53-66.
Foote E., Hancock B., Jeffery B., & Malan R. (2021). The key role of Dynamic Talent Allocation in shaping the future of work. McKinsey & Company, September, Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/the-key-role-of-dynamic-talent-allocation-in-shaping-the-future-of-work, May 19, 2023.
Gersick, C. (1988). Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development. The Academy of Management Journal, 31 (1), 9-41.
Hackman, J.R., & Morris, C.G. (1975). Group tasks, group interaction process, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 45-99.
John E. Jones, William L. Bearley. (2001). Facilitating team development: A view from the field. Group Facilitation, Spring, 3, 56-65.
Salamon, L. M., & Anheier, H. K. (1992). In search of the non-profit sector. I: The question of definitions. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 3 (2), 125–151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27927334
Stephen E. Humphrey & Frederick P. Morgeson. (2009). Developing a Theory of the Strategic Core of Teams: A Role Composition Model of Team Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (1), 48-61.
Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter. (2010). Management 11th Ed., 290-346.
Suchan, J., & Hayzak, G. (2001). The Communication Characteristics of Virtual Teams: A Case Study, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 44 (3), 174-187.
Taras, Vas & Bryla, Pawel & Caprar, Dan & Jimenez, Alfredo & Magnusson, Peter & Sarala, Riikka. (2012). A comparative analysis of the effects of different forms of team diversity on global virtual team performance.
Tuckman, B.W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small group. Psychological Bulletin, 63 (2), 384-99.
Tuckman, B.W., & Jensen, M.A. (1977). Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited. Group & Organization Management, 2, 419-427.
Walter R. Nord (2003). Core Group Theory and the emancipation agenda. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16 (6), 666-690.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
110363097
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110363097
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃家齊zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Jia-Chien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蕭憶珊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsiao, Yi-Shanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蕭憶珊zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsiao, Yi-Shanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 13:37:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 13:37:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 13:37:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110363097en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146453-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110363097zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇旨在研究虛擬專案團隊的發展階段，找出虛擬團隊與一般團隊發展的差 異，並依據研究結果提出新的虛擬團隊發展模型。研究者以 Tuckman 團隊發展 模型作為研究依據，以第二屆臺灣盃學生方程式聯賽的籌備團隊作為研究對象， 透過深度訪談團隊成員來分析該團隊的發展歷程。
研究者觀察作為研究對象的專案團隊，因為成員之間專業知識與職責相異甚 遠，而發展出兩個子團隊—核心團隊與非核心團隊。依據 Tuckman 的模型架構， 歸納該專案團隊共發展出三種團隊發展歷程，分別是整個大專案團隊、核心子團 隊及非核心子團隊的發展歷程。因此研究者引入核心團隊和非核心團隊的概念， 指出他們可能和大團隊處於不同的發展階段。其中，當專案團隊的核心團隊和非 核心團隊演變出不同的團隊發展歷程時，核心團隊的各個發展階段比非核心團隊 的發展階段來得更早。
團隊衝突方面，非核心團隊的衝突常由核心團隊的成員解決。管理者應該辨 別各個子團隊發展階段，來進行適當的管理。另外，即使核心團隊成員之間相互 熟悉，在不同的團隊中扮演不同的角色並面對不同的團隊目標時，他們仍可能經 歷風暴期，不會因為彼此熟識而完全避免衝突。
此外，本研究發現虛擬團隊的發展不完全遵循經典的 Tuckman 模型，因此 研究者依據觀察結果提出了一個新模型，表示虛擬團隊依據時間發展會經歷測試、 適應、分享、表現和重塑五個階段。研究者根據時序分析虛擬團隊內各個成員之 間的互動，提出新的虛擬團隊發展模型。此模型旨在給予管理者領導虛擬團隊時 的依據，辨別團隊在不同時期可能面臨的問題，以做出相應的管理決策。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study aims to investigate the development stages of virtual project teams, identify the differences between virtual teams and traditional teams in terms of development, and propose a new model for the development of virtual teams based on the research findings. The researcher used Tuckman`s group development model as the basis for the study and focused on the Formula Student Taiwan Organizing Team as the research subject. The group` s development process was analyzed through interviews with team members.
The researcher observed that the project team under study, due to the significant differences in professional knowledge and responsibilities among its members, developed into two sub-teams: the core team and the non-core team. Based on Tuckman`s model framework, the study summarized three team development processes within the project team: the overall project team, the core sub-team, and the non-core sub-team`s development processes. Therefore, the researcher introduced the concept of core and non-core teams and pointed out that they may be in different stages of development compared to the larger team. Specifically, when the core team and the non-core team of the project team evolve different team development processes, the core team reaches each development stage earlier than the non-core team.
Regarding team conflict, conflicts within the non-core team are often resolved by members of the core team. Managers should identify the development stages of each sub-team to facilitate appropriate management. Additionally, even when core team members are familiar with each other, they may still experience a storming phase when they play different roles and face different team goals in various teams, indicating that conflicts cannot be entirely avoided simply because they know each other.
Furthermore, this study found that the development of virtual teams does not strictly adhere to the classical Tuckman model. Therefore, based on the observation results, the researcher proposed a new model that suggests virtual teams go through five stages of testing, onboarding, sharing, performing, and adjusting as they develop over time. The researcher developed this new model by analyzing the interactions between members within the virtual team chronologically. The purpose of this model is to provide managers with guidance when leading virtual teams, helping them identify potential problems that the team may face during different periods and make appropriate management decisions.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 團隊 5
壹、 團隊定義 5
貳、 團隊分類 5
第二節 團隊發展歷程 9
壹、 團隊發展歷程定義 9
貳、 團隊發展歷程模型 9
參、 Tuckman 團隊發展五階段模型 11
肆、 團隊發展的測量 12
伍、 團隊衝突 14
第三章 研究設計 15
第一節 研究方法與架構 15
第二節 研究對象 16
壹、 臺灣盃學生方程式聯賽 16
貳、 受訪者 19
第三節 資料搜集與分析 20
壹、 團隊性質—虛擬專案團隊 20
貳、 成員招募 22
參、 重要事件里程碑 22
第四節 文件、對話紀錄及會議紀錄搜集 23
第四章 研究結果與討論 24
第一節 虛擬專案團隊的運作 24
壹、 不受地理位置限制 24
貳、 虛體團隊內部溝通仰賴通訊軟體 24
參、 虛擬專案團隊發展階段 25
肆、 小結 27
第二節 專案團隊中的子團隊—核心與非核心團隊 27
壹、 核心團隊與非核心團隊的生成 27
貳、 成員辨認 28
參、 非核心成員與核心成員的互動 29
肆、 非核心團隊與核心團隊發展階段 30
伍、 小結 35
第三節 團隊衝突 37
壹、 非核心團隊衝突 37
貳、 核心團隊衝突 37
第四節 虛擬團隊發展歷程 38
壹、 個案團隊利用通訊軟體協作情形 38
貳、 虛擬團隊發展模型:測試、適應、分享、表現、重塑 40
參、 比較新虛擬團隊發展模型與 Tuckman 模型 42
第五章 結論與建議 43
第一節 結論與命題統整 43
第二節 管理建議 43
第三節 研究限制 45
壹、 資料搜集 45
貳、 資料分析 45
參、 研究者主觀意見 45
參考文獻 46
附錄 48		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2425044 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110363097en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團隊管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬專案團隊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團隊發展歷程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Group Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Virtual Project Teamsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Group Development Processen_US
dc.title (題名) 虛擬專案團隊發展歷程之研究—以臺灣盃學生方程式聯賽籌備團隊為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Group Development in Virtual Project Teams: A Case Study of the Formula Student Taiwan Organizing Team.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 何亞竹 (2012)，大學國際志工服務隊團隊發展之研究－以北區三個教育服務國際志工服務隊為例，碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學。
池榮尉 (2004)，國民小學教師團隊發展歷程之研究—以啄木鳥教師團隊為例—，碩士論文，中原大學。
侯勝宗 (2016)，社會企業為何會興起，獨立評論，https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/380/article/4224，擷取日期：2023年3月3日
張誠新 (2008)，創新創業競賽團隊發展歷程之研究，碩士論文，國立政治大學。
葉彥綺 (2011)，修復式正義在少年矯正學校行政核心團隊組織衝突管理之可行性研究，碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學。
楊璧如 (2007)，由團隊規模、團隊成員組成與團隊溝通探討機構投資人研究團隊績效之良窳，碩士論文，銘傳大學。
楊玉琪 (2001)，成員互動行為對虛擬團隊合作績效影響之研究，碩士論文，國立中山大學。
賴冠棠 (2017)，團隊架構檢討與優化—以第一屆台北科大學生方程式賽車為例，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學。
Art Kleiner. (2003). Core groups: A theory of power and influence for "learning" organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16 (6), 666-683.
Cannella, A. A., Park, J. H., & Lee, H. U. (2008). Top management team functional background diversity and firm performance: Examining the roles of team member colocation and environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 51 (4), 768-784.
Carley, K. (1991). A theory of group stability. American Sociological Review, 56 (3), 331-354.
Donelson R. Forsyth (2017) Group Dynamic, 7 (3).
Fisher, B. Aubrey (1970). Decision emergence: Phases in group decision-making. Speech Monographs, 37 (1), 53-66.
Foote E., Hancock B., Jeffery B., & Malan R. (2021). The key role of Dynamic Talent Allocation in shaping the future of work. McKinsey & Company, September, Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/the-key-role-of-dynamic-talent-allocation-in-shaping-the-future-of-work, May 19, 2023.
Gersick, C. (1988). Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development. The Academy of Management Journal, 31 (1), 9-41.
Hackman, J.R., & Morris, C.G. (1975). Group tasks, group interaction process, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 45-99.
John E. Jones, William L. Bearley. (2001). Facilitating team development: A view from the field. Group Facilitation, Spring, 3, 56-65.
Salamon, L. M., & Anheier, H. K. (1992). In search of the non-profit sector. I: The question of definitions. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 3 (2), 125–151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27927334
Stephen E. Humphrey & Frederick P. Morgeson. (2009). Developing a Theory of the Strategic Core of Teams: A Role Composition Model of Team Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (1), 48-61.
Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter. (2010). Management 11th Ed., 290-346.
Suchan, J., & Hayzak, G. (2001). The Communication Characteristics of Virtual Teams: A Case Study, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 44 (3), 174-187.
Taras, Vas & Bryla, Pawel & Caprar, Dan & Jimenez, Alfredo & Magnusson, Peter & Sarala, Riikka. (2012). A comparative analysis of the effects of different forms of team diversity on global virtual team performance.
Tuckman, B.W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small group. Psychological Bulletin, 63 (2), 384-99.
Tuckman, B.W., & Jensen, M.A. (1977). Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited. Group & Organization Management, 2, 419-427.
Walter R. Nord (2003). Core Group Theory and the emancipation agenda. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16 (6), 666-690.		zh_TW