1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 傳播學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 在台亞裔美國人對於泛亞裔身分的認同感與歸屬感
Asian American Panethnicity: Assessing its Salience and Sense of Belonging among Asian Americans in Taiwan
作者 林穎佳
Lin, Rebecca
貢獻者 康庭瑜
Kang, Tingyu
林穎佳
Lin, Rebecca
關鍵詞 亞裔美國人
泛族群認同
族群認同
跨國主義
身分認同感
Asian American
Panethnicity
Ethnicity
Transnationalism
Sense of belonging
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-八月-2023 14:14:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要探討跨國主義與泛族群的交匯，評估在台居住之亞裔美國人如何看待他們自身的泛亞裔身分。本文使用Huang（2009）的跨國主義、尋根之旅（roots tourism）和尋根移民（roots migration）為研究理論基礎，藉以瞭解非台灣亞裔美國人移居台灣之動機，且該動機是否與該族群的泛族群認同有所關聯。從Phinney（1990）的族群認同（ethnic identity）、Lopez 和Espiritu（1990）的泛族群認同（panethnic identity）與Berry（2006）的文化融入（acculturation）為出發點，深入探討非台灣亞裔美國人可否融入台灣當地社會。此外，亦比較受訪者在身處台灣與美國兩種不同的社會環境下，對自身泛族群亞裔美國身份是否有差異性。
本研究透過半結構式訪談，訪問13名非台灣亞裔美國人，受訪者皆在過去兩年內因工作或學習目的移居台灣。經過整理與分析，有兩項重要發現：首先，部分在本文裡被視為泛族群尋根移民（panethnic roots sojourners）的跨國主義者，他們因為對泛族群亞裔美國已有認同感，所以在移居台灣時對本地有相當程度的熟悉，但並不期許自己能融入台灣社會，此發現顯示他們與尋根之旅者及尋根移民者存在程度上的差異。其次，在移居台灣之前對亞裔美國身份有強烈認同者也會在移居台灣後更強化他們的泛亞裔身分。這起因於該群體在台灣察覺之「他者」（otherness）感受、他人對他們的身分的觀感，以及和其他在台亞裔美國人的互動關係。相較之下，在移居前對該身份無認同感者，在移居後也不會有認同感上的差異。本研究之結果凸顯出進一步研究非美國情境下亞裔美國泛族群概念的重要性。
This study provides the contemporary intersection of transnationalism and panethnicity, assessing Asian American panethnicity and challenging the existence of the panethnicity outside of American contexts among Asian Americans based in Taiwan. Drawing upon the foundations of Huang (2009)’s transnationalism, roots tourism, and roots migration, this research aims to understand motivations behind Asian Americans’ decision to move to Taiwan and a potential connection with panethnicity. It builds upon existing literature in ethnic identity, panethnicity, and acculturation of Phinney (1990), Lopez and Espiritu (1990), and Berry (2006), respectively, to examine how Asian Americans integrate into local Taiwanese society. Further, it juxtaposes informants’ salience to a panethnic Asian American identity in their host society of Taiwan with their origin society of the United States.
This study conducted semi-structured interviews with thirteen Asian Americans who had moved to Taiwan within the past two years for work or study purposes. It had two major findings. First, there exists a group of individuals coined inaugurally as panethnic roots sojourners. Existing in transnational spatiality, they moved to Taiwan with a sense of familiarity to Taiwan due to their panethnic Asian American roots but did not have underlying expectations or self-imposed pressure to integrate into their host society. This indicates a dichotomy between them and roots tourists/migrants. Second, those with strong affinity towards their Asian American identity prior to their move to Taiwan also had heightened salience in Taiwan. This was fostered through feelings of “otherness,” exogenous challenges to their identity, and interactions with other Asian Americans in Taiwan. In contrast, those with no affinity to the identity prior to the move remained apathetic towards the identity, and a move to Taiwan did not stimulate such an identity. Findings underscore the importance of further studying Asian American panethnic consciousness in non-American contexts.
參考文獻 AAPI Data. (2022). State of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, And Pacific Islanders in The United States. A. Data. https://aapidata.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/State-AANHPIs-National-June2022.pdf
AhnAllen, J. M., Suyemoto, K. L., & Carter, A. S. (2006). Relationship between physical appearance, sense of belonging and exclusion, and racial/ethnic self-identification among multiracial Japanese European Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(4), 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.4.673
Al Balushi, K. (2016). The use of online semi-structured interviews in interpretive research. International journal of science and research (IJSR), 57(4), 2319-7064.
Ashmore, R. D., Deaux, K., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2004). An Organizing Framework for Collective Identity: Articulation and Significance of Multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 80-114. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.80
Basu, P. (2007). Highland Homecomings. Routledge.
Benet-Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural Identity Integration (BII): Components and Psychosocial Antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73, 1015-1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00337.x
Berry, J. W. (2001). A Psychology of Immigration. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 615-631. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00231
Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. (pp. 17-37). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-004
Berry, J. W. (2006). Acculturation: A Conceptual Overview. In Acculturation and parent-child relationships: Measurement and development. (pp. 13-30). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Bozorgmehr, M., Ong, P., & Tosh, S. (2016). Panethnicity revisited: contested group boundaries in the post-9/11 era. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(5), 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1081959
Brubaker, R., Loveman, M., & Stamatov, P. (2004). Ethnicity as cognition. Theory and Society, 33, 31-64.
Budiman, A. R., Neil. (2021). Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial or ethnic group in the U.S. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/04/09/asian-americans-are-the-fastest-growing-racial-or-ethnic-group-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20growth%20rates%2C%20North%20Dakota%20and,both%20states%20more%20than%20tripled%20during%20that%20time.
Cagirkan, B. (2017). Being Immigrant and the Understanding of Sense of Belonging and Ethnic Identity: The Example of Ashiska Turks. 56, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.18368/iusoskon.328513
Casarez, R. S., Farrell, A., Bratter, J. L., Zhang, X., & Mehta, S. K. (2022). Becoming Asian (American)? Inter-ethnic differences in racial, ethnic, and American identities for Asian American adults. Ethnicities, 22(3), 347-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687968221092769
Census, U. (2021, December 16, 2021). About Language Use in the U.S. Population. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/language-use/about.html
Census, U. (2023). Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month: May 2023 https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2023/asian-american-pacific-islander.html
Chenail, R. (2011). Interviewing the Investigator: Strategies for Addressing Instrumentation and Researcher Bias Concerns in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Report, 16, 255-262. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2011.1051
Cheryan, S., & Monin, B. (2005). Where are you really from?: Asian Americans and identity denial. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 717-730. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.717
Cho, R. (2020). The effect of minority identity convergence on pan-ethnicity among Asian Americans. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 8(3), 453-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2018.1518781
Chou, R. (2012). Asian American Sexual Politics: The Construction of Race, Gender, and Sexuality. Rowman & Littlefield.
Chou, R. F., Joe. (2008). The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism. Paradigm Publishers.
Claes, L., Luyckx, K., & Bijttebier, P. (2014). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: Prevalence and associations with identity formation above and beyond depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 61-62, 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.019
Cohen, E. (1979). A Phenomenology of Tourist Experiences. Sociology, 13(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857901300203
Colic-Peisker, V. (2010). Free floating in the cosmopolis? Exploring the identity-belonging of transnational knowledge workers. Global Networks, 10(4), 467-488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00298.x
Dearnley, C. (2005). A reflection on the use of semi-structured interviews. Nurse Res, 13(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2005.07.13.1.19.c5997
DiLillo, D., DeGue, S., Kras, A., Di Loreto-Colgan, A. R., & Nash, C. (2006). Participant responses to retrospective surveys of child maltreatment: does mode of assessment matter? Violence Vict, 21(4), 410-424.
Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Validzic, A. (1998). Intergroup bias: status, differentiation, and a common in-group identity. J Pers Soc Psychol, 75(1), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.109
Drouhot, L. G., & Garip, F. (2021). What’s Behind a Racial Category? Uncovering Heterogeneity Among Asian Americans Through a Data-Driven Typology. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 7(2), 22-45. https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2021.7.2.02
Education, M. o. (2021). International students come together to Taiwan, where the one-hundred thirty thousand overseas student mark has been passed. Ministry of Education. https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-117-25416-d8868-1.html
Everington, K. (2018). Interactive chart shows how foreigners are distributed in Taiwan. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3400148
Fahey, M. (2020). Taiwan’s Plan to Attract Foreign Talent. The News Lens. https://international.thenewslens.com/feature/taiwan-immigration/136541
Fang, J. (2019). The Decade in Asian America. NBC NEws. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/decade-asian-america-n1108581
Flick, U. (2009). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Sage.
Forsey, M. (2012). Interviewing Individuals. In S. Delamont (Ed.), Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
French, S. E., Seidman, E., Allen, L., & Aber, J. L. (2006). The development of ethnic identity during adolescence. Dev Psychol, 42(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.1
Fulbright U.S. Student Program. (2023). Study/Research & English Teaching Assistant Statistics. https://us.fulbrightonline.org/study-research-eta-statistics
Galletta, A. (2012). Mastering the Semi-structured Interview and Beyond: From Research Design to Analysis and Publication. New York University Press.
Giang, N. H. T., Mananya. (2022). The evolving role of immigration in Taiwan politics. Common Wealth Magazine https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3338
Gmelch, G. (1980). Return Migration. Annual Review of Anthropology, 9(1), 135-159. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.09.100180.001031
Golash-Boza, T. (2006). Dropping the Hyphen? Becoming Latino(a)-American through Racialized Assimilation. Social Forces, 85(1), 27-55. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0124
Goodkind, D. (2019). The Chinese Diaspora: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Trends.
Gordon, S. M., M. (2023). U.S.-Taiwan Relations in a New Era. Council on Foreign Relations.
Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Branscombe, N. R., Ysseldyk, R., & Heldreth, C. (2015). From “we” to “me”: Group identification enhances perceived personal control with consequences for health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109, 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000019
Hagerty, B. M., Williams, R. A., Coyne, J. C., & Early, M. R. (1996). Sense of belonging and indicators of social and psychological functioning. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 10(4), 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9417(96)80029-x
Hagerty, B. M. K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-H
Hershel, H. J. (1995). Therapeutic perspectives on biracial identity formation and internalized oppression. In American mixed race: The culture of microdiversity. (pp. 169-181). Rowman & Littlefield.
Hsu, M. (2021). Understanding America: Asian American History, Contributions, and Current Challenges https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/understanding-america-asian-american-history-contributions-and-current-challenges/
Huang, S. (2009). Transnationality. In R. Kitchin & N. Thrift (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (pp. 404-409). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.01012-9
Isturiz, R. G. d. S. (2020). ‘Roots migration’: The post-‘return’ experiences of second-generation Venezuelan-Portuguese migrants Universidade NOVA de Lisboa].
Itzigsohn, J., & Saucedo, S. G. (2002). Immigrant Incorporation and Sociocultural Transnationalism. The International Migration Review, 36(3), 766-798. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4149563
Jang, B., Gonzalez, K. E., Zeng, L., & Martínez, D. E. (2022). The Correlates of Panethnic Identification: Assessing Similarities and Differences among Latinos and Asians in the United States. Sociological Perspectives, 65(4), 702-726. https://doi.org/10.1177/07311214211057121
Jin, C. H. (2021). 6 Charts That Dismantle The Trope Of Asian Americans As A Model Minority. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999874296/6-charts-that-dismantle-the-trope-of-asian-americans-as-a-model-minority
Johnson, D. R., Scheitle, C. P., & Ecklund, E. H. (2021). Beyond the in-person interview? How interview quality varies across in-person, telephone, and Skype interviews. Social Science Computer Review, 39(6), 1142-1158.
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.-M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954-2965. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
Kiang, L., Harter, S., & Whitesell, N. R. (2007). Relational expression of ethnic identity in Chinese Americans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(2), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507075414
Kibria, N. (1996). Not Asian, Black or White? Reflections on South Asian American Racial Identity. Amerasia Journal, 22(2), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.17953/amer.22.2.m36385l655m22432
Kim, C. J. (1999). The Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics & Society, 27(1), 105-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329299027001005
Kim, J.-h. J. (2010). Transnational Identity Formation of Second-Generation Korean-Americans Living in Korea Trinity International University].
LAAUNCH Foundation. (2022). STAATUS Index Report 2022. https://staatus-index.s3.amazonaws.com/STAATUS%20Index%202022%20Report.pdf
LaFromboise, T., Coleman, H. L. K., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 395-412. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.395
Lai, J. S. (2021). Revisiting Panethnicity: Emerging Political Contours in Asian Pacific American Politics. PS: Political Science & Politics, 54(2), 235-237. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909652000195X
Laroche, M., Kim, C., Hui, M. K., & Tomiuk, M. A. (1998). Test of a Nonlinear Relationship between Linguistic Acculturation and Ethnic Identification. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(3), 418-433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198293003
Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1954). The art of asking why three principles underlying the formulation of questionnaires. In D. Katz (Ed.), Public opinion and propaganda. Dryden Press.
Le Espiritu, Y. (1992). Asian American Panethnicity Bridging Institutions and Identities. Temple University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bw1jcp
Lee, H. (2011). Rethinking transnationalism through the second generation. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 22(3), 295-313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00150.x
Lee, J. (2019). Many dimensions of Asian American pan-ethnicity. Sociology Compass, 13(12), e12751. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12751
Lee, J., Ramakrishnan, K., & Wong, J. (2018). Accurately Counting Asian Americans Is a Civil Rights Issue. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 677(1), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218765432
Lee, R. M., & Davis Iii, C. (2000). Cultural orientation, past multicultural experience, and a sense of belonging on campus for Asian American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 110-115.
Liebkind, K. (1992). Ethnic identity–Challenging the boundaries of social psychology. In The social psychology of identity and the self concept. Academic Press (Surrey University Press).
Liebkind, K. (2001). Acculturation. In R. G. Brown, S. (Ed.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes. (pp. 386-406). Blackwell.
Liebkind, K. (2006). Ethnic identity and acculturation. In The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. (pp. 78-96). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489891.009
Lien, P.-t., Collet, C., Wong, J., & Ramakrishnan, S. K. (2001). Asian Pacific-American Public Opinion and Political Participation. PS: Political Science & Politics, 34(3), 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096501000981
Lien, P. t., Margaret Conway, M., & Wong, J. (2003). The Contours and Sources of Ethnic Identity Choices Among Asian Americans* [Article]. Social Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell), 84(2), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.8402015
Little, B. (2020). How the 1982 Murder of Vincent Chin Ignited a Push for Asian American Rights. History. https://www.history.com/news/vincent-chin-murder-asian-american-rights
Liu, S.-J. S. (2021). Framing immigration: a content analysis of newspapers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 9(4), 759-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1674162
Lopez, D., & Espiritu, Y. (1990). Panethnicity in the United States: A theoretical framework. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 13(2), 198-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1990.9993669
Louie, A., & Lau, S. W. (2007). Chineseness across borders: renegotiating Chinese identities in China and the United States. In (Vol. 8, pp. 97-99).
Louie, S. (2001). When we wanted it done, we did it ourselves. Asian Americans: The movement and the moment, xv.
Louie, V. (2006). Growing Up Ethnic In Transnational Worlds: Identities Among Second-Generation Chinese and Dominicans. Identities, 13(3), 363-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/10702890600838118
Louise Barriball, K., & While, A. (1994). Collecting data using a semi-structured interview: a discussion paper. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 328-335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01088.x
Lowe, L. (2005). Heterogeneity, Hybridity, Multiplicity: Marking Asian American Differences. In A Companion to Asian American Studies (pp. 254-275). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996928.ch16
Lu, F. (2020). The Dual Identity of Asian Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 101(5), 1869-1884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12831
Maeda, D. J. (2009). Chains of Babylon: The Rise of Asian America (NED - New edition ed.). University of Minnesota Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv5cp
Maeda, D. J. (2012). Rethinking the Asian American Movement (1st ed.). Routledge.
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured Interviews. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 4825-4830). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_857
Maira, S. (2002). Desis in the house: Indian American youth culture in NYC. . Temple University Press.
Marchetti, G. (1994). Romance and the Yellow Peril: Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction. University of California Press.
Marcia, J. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In (Vol. 9).
Maruyama, N. U. (2016). Roots Tourists` Internal Experiences and Relations with the Ancestral Land: Case of Second-generation Chinese Americans. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5), 469-476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2064
McIntosh, M. J., & Morse, J. M. (2015). Situating and constructing diversity in semi-structured interviews. Global qualitative nursing research, 2, 2333393615597674.
Min, P. G. (2002). The second generation; ethnic identity among Asian Americans. Reference and Research Book News, 17(4).
Min, P. G. (2006). Asian-Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Pine Forge Press.
Min, P. G., & Kim, R. (2000). Formation of ethnic and racial identities: narratives by young Asian-American professionals. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(4), 735-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870050033702
MIT. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. MIT. https://asianamericanstudies.mit.edu/immigration-and-nationality-act-1965
Mora, G. C., & Okamoto, D. G. (2020). Postcolonialism, Racial Political Fields, and Panethnicity: A Comparison of Early “Asian American” and “Hispanic” Movements. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 6(4), 450-467. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649219900291
Ngai, M. M. (1999). The Architecture of Race in American Immigration Law: A Reexamination of the Immigration Act of 1924. The Journal of American History, 86(1), 67-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/2567407
Nguyen, A.-M. D., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2013). Biculturalism and Adjustment:A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(1), 122-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111435097
Oboler, S. (1995). Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives: Identity and the Politics of (Re)Presentation. University of Minnesota Press.
Okamoto, D., & Mora, G. C. (2014). Panethnicity. Annual Review of Sociology, 40(1), 219-239. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043201
Okamoto, D. G. (2003). Toward a Theory of Panethnicity: Explaining Asian American Collective Action. American Sociological Review, 68(6), 811-842. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519747
Okamoto, D. G. (2014). Redefining Race: Asian American Panethnicity and Shifting Ethnic Boundaries. Russell Sage Foundation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610448451
Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014). Racial Formation in the United States (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Park, J. Z. (2008). Second-Generation Asian American Pan-Ethnic Identity: Pluralized Meanings of a Racial Label. Sociological Perspectives, 51(3), 541-561. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2008.51.3.541
Pérez, D. J., Fortuna, L., & Alegria, M. (2008). Prevalence and Correlates of Everyday Discrimination among U.S. Latinos. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(4), 421-433. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20221
Pew Research Center. (2012). Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/07/19/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview/
Pew Research Center. (2013). Second-Generation Americans. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2013/02/07/second-generation-americans/
Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499
Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure:A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/074355489272003
Phinney, J. S. (2003). Ethic identity and acculturation. In Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. (pp. 63-81). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-006
Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1992). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 15(3), 271-281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(92)90030-9
Phinney, J. S., & Devich-Navarro, M. (1997). Variations in bicultural identification among African American and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7, 3-32. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0701_2
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions [Article]. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271
Phinney, J. S., Romero, I., Nava, M., & Huang, D. (2001). The role of language, parents, and peers in ethnic identity among adolescents in immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(2), 135-153. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010389607319
Pollock, D. C., & Van Reken, R. (2011). Third culture kids: The experience of growing up among worlds. Intercultural Press.
Portes, A. (1997). Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities. International Migration Review, 31(4), 799-825. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100402
Portes, A. R., RG. (2001). Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. University of California Press and Russell Sage Foundation.
Putnam, R. D. (2007). E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x
Reay, D. (1998). ’Always knowing’ and ‘never being sure’: familial and institutional habituses and higher education choice. Journal of Education Policy, 13(4), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093980130405
Roth, W. D. (2016). The multiple dimensions of race. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(8), 1310-1338. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1140793
Rubin, H. J. R., I.S. (2005). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing the Data (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Ruble, D. N., Alvarez, J., Bachman, M., Cameron, J., Fuligni, A., Coll, C. G., & Rhee, E. (2004). The development of a sense of "we": The emergence and implications of children`s collective identity. In The development of the social self. (pp. 29-76). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203391099_chapter_2
Ryan, A. B. (2006). Post-positivist approaches to research. Researching and Writing your Thesis: a guide for postgraduate students, 12-26.
Safran, W. (2008). Language, ethnicity and religion: a complex and persistent linkage. Nations and Nationalism, 14(1), 171-190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00323.x
Sakamoto, A., Takei, I., & Woo, H. (2012). The Myth of the Model Minority Myth. Sociological Spectrum, 32(4), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2012.664042
Sala, E., & Baldassar, L. (2017). Leaving Family to Return to Family: Roots Migration Among Second-Generation Italian-Australians. Ethos, 45(3), 386-408. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12173
Samura, M. (2016). Remaking selves, repositioning selves, or remaking space: An examination of Asian American college students` processes of "belonging". Journal of College Student Development, 57, 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0016
Sarna, J. D. (1978). From Immigrants to Ethnics: Toward a New Theory of "Ethn icization".
Schachter, A. (2014). Finding Common Ground? Indian Immigrants and Asian American Panethnicity. Social Forces, 92(4), 1487-1512. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sou019
Shenton, A. (2004). Strategies for Ensuring Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research Projects. Education for Information, 22, 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
Smith, J. A. O., M. . (2008). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Snauwaert, B., Soenens, B., Vanbeselaere, N., & Boen, F. (2003). When integration does not necessarily imply integration: Different conceptualizations of acculturation orientations lead to different classifications. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102250250
Sung, Y.-K., Chang, K.-C., & Sung, Y.-F. (2016). Market Segmentation of International Tourists Based on Motivation to Travel: A Case Study of Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(8), 862-882. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1080175
Svensson, Y., Berne, J., & Syed, M. (2018). A narrative approach to the role of others in ethnic identity formation. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol, 24(2), 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000182
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior [doi:10.4324/9780203505984-16]. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16
Takaki, R. (1998). Generations of Exclusion: Mexican Americans, Assimilation, and Race. Russel Sage Foundation
Tang, T. (2020). Asian Americans use social media to mobilize against attacks https://apnews.com/article/us-news-ap-top-news-mi-state-wire-ca-state-wire-virus-outbreak-bf79b4f66e6a612d690abc546c84360f
Thoits, P. A., & Virshup, L. K. (1997). Me`s and we`s: Forms and functions of social identities. In Self and identity: Fundamental issues. (pp. 106-133). Oxford University Press.
Turner, D. (2010). Qualitative Interview Design: A Practical Guide for Novice Investigators. The Qualitative Report, 15, 754-760.
Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories.
Uedo, N. (2009). Chinese Americans in China: Ethnicity, Transnationalism, and Roots Tourism Texas A&M University].
Verkuyten, M. (2004). The Social Psychology of Ethnic Identity. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203338704
Verkuyten, M., Wiley, S., Deaux, K., & Fleischmann, F. (2019). To Be Both (and More): Immigration and Identity Multiplicity. Journal of Social Issues, 75(2), 390-413. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12324
Vertovec, S. (2009). Transnationalism (Vol. 1). Routledge.
Walsham, G. (1995). Interpretive case studies in IS research: nature and method. European Journal of Information Systems, 4(2), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.1995.9
Way, N., Hernández, M. G., Rogers, L. O., & Hughes, D. L. (2013). “I’m Not Going to Become No Rapper”:Stereotypes as a Context of Ethnic and Racial Identity Development. Journal of Adolescent Research, 28(4), 407-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558413480836
Way, N., & Rogers, O. (2015). "[T]hey say Black men won`t make it, but I know I`m gonna make it": Ethnic and racial identity development in the context of cultural stereotypes. In The Oxford handbook of identity development. (pp. 269-285). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936564.001.0001
Way, N., Santos, C., Niwa, E. Y., & Kim-Gervey, C. (2008). To be or not to be: An exploration of ethnic identity development in context [Article]. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 2008(120), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.216
Wei, W. (1993). The Asian American Movement. Temple University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bt3pg
Wessendorf, S. (2007). ‘Roots Migrants’: Transnationalism and ‘Return’ among Second-Generation Italians in Switzerland. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(7), 1083-1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701541614
Wolf, D. L. (2002). There’s No Place Like “Home”
Emotional Transnationalism and the Struggles of Second-Generation Filipinos. In P. Levitt & M. C. Waters (Eds.), Changing Face of Home, The (pp. 255-294). Russell Sage Foundation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610443531.16
Wong, J. S., Ramakrishnan, S. K., Lee, T., & Junn, J. (2011). Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities.
Wong, L. L., & Trumper, R. (2002). Global Celebrity Athletes and Nationalism:Fútbol, Hockey, and the Representation of Nation. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(2), 168-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723502262004
Wu, Q. B., & Ou, Y. (2022). Does "who I am" influence "how I feel"? Cultural identity and mental health among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22827
Xu, J., & Lee, J. (2013). The Marginalized "Model" Minority: An Empirical Examination of the Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans. Social Forces, 91, 1363-1397. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot049
Yamashita, L. (2022). “I Just Couldn’t Relate to That Asian American Narrative”: How Southeast Asian Americans Reconsider Panethnicity. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 8(2), 250-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492221078953
Yang, J. Y., Phil; Wang, Philip (2022). Rise: A Pop History of Asian America from the Nineties to Now. Harper.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
110461024
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110461024
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 康庭瑜zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Kang, Tingyuen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 林穎佳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Lin, Rebeccaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林穎佳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Rebeccaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-八月-2023 14:14:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-八月-2023 14:14:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-八月-2023 14:14:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0110461024en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146616-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110461024zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要探討跨國主義與泛族群的交匯，評估在台居住之亞裔美國人如何看待他們自身的泛亞裔身分。本文使用Huang（2009）的跨國主義、尋根之旅（roots tourism）和尋根移民（roots migration）為研究理論基礎，藉以瞭解非台灣亞裔美國人移居台灣之動機，且該動機是否與該族群的泛族群認同有所關聯。從Phinney（1990）的族群認同（ethnic identity）、Lopez 和Espiritu（1990）的泛族群認同（panethnic identity）與Berry（2006）的文化融入（acculturation）為出發點，深入探討非台灣亞裔美國人可否融入台灣當地社會。此外，亦比較受訪者在身處台灣與美國兩種不同的社會環境下，對自身泛族群亞裔美國身份是否有差異性。
本研究透過半結構式訪談，訪問13名非台灣亞裔美國人，受訪者皆在過去兩年內因工作或學習目的移居台灣。經過整理與分析，有兩項重要發現：首先，部分在本文裡被視為泛族群尋根移民（panethnic roots sojourners）的跨國主義者，他們因為對泛族群亞裔美國已有認同感，所以在移居台灣時對本地有相當程度的熟悉，但並不期許自己能融入台灣社會，此發現顯示他們與尋根之旅者及尋根移民者存在程度上的差異。其次，在移居台灣之前對亞裔美國身份有強烈認同者也會在移居台灣後更強化他們的泛亞裔身分。這起因於該群體在台灣察覺之「他者」（otherness）感受、他人對他們的身分的觀感，以及和其他在台亞裔美國人的互動關係。相較之下，在移居前對該身份無認同感者，在移居後也不會有認同感上的差異。本研究之結果凸顯出進一步研究非美國情境下亞裔美國泛族群概念的重要性。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study provides the contemporary intersection of transnationalism and panethnicity, assessing Asian American panethnicity and challenging the existence of the panethnicity outside of American contexts among Asian Americans based in Taiwan. Drawing upon the foundations of Huang (2009)’s transnationalism, roots tourism, and roots migration, this research aims to understand motivations behind Asian Americans’ decision to move to Taiwan and a potential connection with panethnicity. It builds upon existing literature in ethnic identity, panethnicity, and acculturation of Phinney (1990), Lopez and Espiritu (1990), and Berry (2006), respectively, to examine how Asian Americans integrate into local Taiwanese society. Further, it juxtaposes informants’ salience to a panethnic Asian American identity in their host society of Taiwan with their origin society of the United States.
This study conducted semi-structured interviews with thirteen Asian Americans who had moved to Taiwan within the past two years for work or study purposes. It had two major findings. First, there exists a group of individuals coined inaugurally as panethnic roots sojourners. Existing in transnational spatiality, they moved to Taiwan with a sense of familiarity to Taiwan due to their panethnic Asian American roots but did not have underlying expectations or self-imposed pressure to integrate into their host society. This indicates a dichotomy between them and roots tourists/migrants. Second, those with strong affinity towards their Asian American identity prior to their move to Taiwan also had heightened salience in Taiwan. This was fostered through feelings of “otherness,” exogenous challenges to their identity, and interactions with other Asian Americans in Taiwan. In contrast, those with no affinity to the identity prior to the move remained apathetic towards the identity, and a move to Taiwan did not stimulate such an identity. Findings underscore the importance of further studying Asian American panethnic consciousness in non-American contexts.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Demographic of Asians in America 1
1.2 Asian American Historical Background 2
1.3 Americans in Taiwan 5
2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Social Identity 6
2.2 Ethnic Identity 6
2.2.1 Structural Construction of Identity 7
2.2.2 Primordial Construction of Identity 10
2.3 Sense of Belonging 11
2.4 Transnationalism 13
2.5 Roots Tourism and Migration 16
2.5.1 Roots Tourism 16
2.5.2 Roots Migration 17
2.6 Panethnic Asian American Identity 19
2.6.1 Structural Development of Panethnicity 21
2.6.2 Cultural Development of Panethnicity 23
2.6.3 Experiences 25
2.6.4 Tension between ethnic and panethnic identities 25
2.6.5 Bridging Panethnicity and Transnationalism 26
3 Methodology 28
3.1 Conducting SSI 29
3.2 Ethical Concerns and Limitations 30
3.3 Selected Participants 31
3.4 Interview Questions 33
3.5 Analyzing Interviews 35
3.6 Interviewee Information (according to time of interview) 37
4 Findings 38
4.1 Ethnic Identity in the US 38
4.2 Formation of Identities 38
4.2.1 Structural Construction of Identity 39
4.2.2 Primordial Construction of Identity 41
4.3 Roots Migration 43
4.4 Asian American Panethnicity 44
4.5 Transnational Means 46
4.5.1 Resource-Dependent Transnationalism 47
4.5.2 Reactive Transnationalism 48
4.5.3 Linear Theory of Transnationalism 49
4.5.4 Sojourners 49
4.5.5 Panethnic Roots 50
4.6 Identity in Taiwan 54
4.6.1 Structural Construction of Identity 54
4.6.2 Congruence and sense of belonging 55
4.6.3 Structural Development of Panethnicity 57
4.6.4 Cultural Development of Panethnicity 59
4.7 Salience to Asian American Panethnicity 60
5 Discussion 64
5.1.1 Panethnic Roots Sojourners 64
5.1.2 Identification to Asian American Panethnicity 66
6 Conclusion 68
6.1.1 Limitations and future research 69
7 References 72
8 Appendix 81

 		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 999201 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110461024en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞裔美國人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 泛族群認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 族群認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨國主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 身分認同感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Asian Americanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Panethnicityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ethnicityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Transnationalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sense of belongingen_US
dc.title (題名) 在台亞裔美國人對於泛亞裔身分的認同感與歸屬感zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Asian American Panethnicity: Assessing its Salience and Sense of Belonging among Asian Americans in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) AAPI Data. (2022). State of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, And Pacific Islanders in The United States. A. Data. https://aapidata.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/State-AANHPIs-National-June2022.pdf
AhnAllen, J. M., Suyemoto, K. L., & Carter, A. S. (2006). Relationship between physical appearance, sense of belonging and exclusion, and racial/ethnic self-identification among multiracial Japanese European Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(4), 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.4.673
Al Balushi, K. (2016). The use of online semi-structured interviews in interpretive research. International journal of science and research (IJSR), 57(4), 2319-7064.
Ashmore, R. D., Deaux, K., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2004). An Organizing Framework for Collective Identity: Articulation and Significance of Multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 80-114. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.80
Basu, P. (2007). Highland Homecomings. Routledge.
Benet-Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural Identity Integration (BII): Components and Psychosocial Antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73, 1015-1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00337.x
Berry, J. W. (2001). A Psychology of Immigration. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 615-631. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00231
Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. (pp. 17-37). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-004
Berry, J. W. (2006). Acculturation: A Conceptual Overview. In Acculturation and parent-child relationships: Measurement and development. (pp. 13-30). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Bozorgmehr, M., Ong, P., & Tosh, S. (2016). Panethnicity revisited: contested group boundaries in the post-9/11 era. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(5), 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1081959
Brubaker, R., Loveman, M., & Stamatov, P. (2004). Ethnicity as cognition. Theory and Society, 33, 31-64.
Budiman, A. R., Neil. (2021). Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial or ethnic group in the U.S. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/04/09/asian-americans-are-the-fastest-growing-racial-or-ethnic-group-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20growth%20rates%2C%20North%20Dakota%20and,both%20states%20more%20than%20tripled%20during%20that%20time.
Cagirkan, B. (2017). Being Immigrant and the Understanding of Sense of Belonging and Ethnic Identity: The Example of Ashiska Turks. 56, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.18368/iusoskon.328513
Casarez, R. S., Farrell, A., Bratter, J. L., Zhang, X., & Mehta, S. K. (2022). Becoming Asian (American)? Inter-ethnic differences in racial, ethnic, and American identities for Asian American adults. Ethnicities, 22(3), 347-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687968221092769
Census, U. (2021, December 16, 2021). About Language Use in the U.S. Population. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/language-use/about.html
Census, U. (2023). Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month: May 2023 https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2023/asian-american-pacific-islander.html
Chenail, R. (2011). Interviewing the Investigator: Strategies for Addressing Instrumentation and Researcher Bias Concerns in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Report, 16, 255-262. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2011.1051
Cheryan, S., & Monin, B. (2005). Where are you really from?: Asian Americans and identity denial. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 717-730. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.717
Cho, R. (2020). The effect of minority identity convergence on pan-ethnicity among Asian Americans. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 8(3), 453-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2018.1518781
Chou, R. (2012). Asian American Sexual Politics: The Construction of Race, Gender, and Sexuality. Rowman & Littlefield.
Chou, R. F., Joe. (2008). The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism. Paradigm Publishers.
Claes, L., Luyckx, K., & Bijttebier, P. (2014). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: Prevalence and associations with identity formation above and beyond depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 61-62, 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.019
Cohen, E. (1979). A Phenomenology of Tourist Experiences. Sociology, 13(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857901300203
Colic-Peisker, V. (2010). Free floating in the cosmopolis? Exploring the identity-belonging of transnational knowledge workers. Global Networks, 10(4), 467-488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00298.x
Dearnley, C. (2005). A reflection on the use of semi-structured interviews. Nurse Res, 13(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2005.07.13.1.19.c5997
DiLillo, D., DeGue, S., Kras, A., Di Loreto-Colgan, A. R., & Nash, C. (2006). Participant responses to retrospective surveys of child maltreatment: does mode of assessment matter? Violence Vict, 21(4), 410-424.
Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Validzic, A. (1998). Intergroup bias: status, differentiation, and a common in-group identity. J Pers Soc Psychol, 75(1), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.109
Drouhot, L. G., & Garip, F. (2021). What’s Behind a Racial Category? Uncovering Heterogeneity Among Asian Americans Through a Data-Driven Typology. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 7(2), 22-45. https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2021.7.2.02
Education, M. o. (2021). International students come together to Taiwan, where the one-hundred thirty thousand overseas student mark has been passed. Ministry of Education. https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-117-25416-d8868-1.html
Everington, K. (2018). Interactive chart shows how foreigners are distributed in Taiwan. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3400148
Fahey, M. (2020). Taiwan’s Plan to Attract Foreign Talent. The News Lens. https://international.thenewslens.com/feature/taiwan-immigration/136541
Fang, J. (2019). The Decade in Asian America. NBC NEws. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/decade-asian-america-n1108581
Flick, U. (2009). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Sage.
Forsey, M. (2012). Interviewing Individuals. In S. Delamont (Ed.), Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
French, S. E., Seidman, E., Allen, L., & Aber, J. L. (2006). The development of ethnic identity during adolescence. Dev Psychol, 42(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.1
Fulbright U.S. Student Program. (2023). Study/Research & English Teaching Assistant Statistics. https://us.fulbrightonline.org/study-research-eta-statistics
Galletta, A. (2012). Mastering the Semi-structured Interview and Beyond: From Research Design to Analysis and Publication. New York University Press.
Giang, N. H. T., Mananya. (2022). The evolving role of immigration in Taiwan politics. Common Wealth Magazine https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3338
Gmelch, G. (1980). Return Migration. Annual Review of Anthropology, 9(1), 135-159. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.09.100180.001031
Golash-Boza, T. (2006). Dropping the Hyphen? Becoming Latino(a)-American through Racialized Assimilation. Social Forces, 85(1), 27-55. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0124
Goodkind, D. (2019). The Chinese Diaspora: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Trends.
Gordon, S. M., M. (2023). U.S.-Taiwan Relations in a New Era. Council on Foreign Relations.
Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Branscombe, N. R., Ysseldyk, R., & Heldreth, C. (2015). From “we” to “me”: Group identification enhances perceived personal control with consequences for health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109, 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000019
Hagerty, B. M., Williams, R. A., Coyne, J. C., & Early, M. R. (1996). Sense of belonging and indicators of social and psychological functioning. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 10(4), 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9417(96)80029-x
Hagerty, B. M. K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-H
Hershel, H. J. (1995). Therapeutic perspectives on biracial identity formation and internalized oppression. In American mixed race: The culture of microdiversity. (pp. 169-181). Rowman & Littlefield.
Hsu, M. (2021). Understanding America: Asian American History, Contributions, and Current Challenges https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/understanding-america-asian-american-history-contributions-and-current-challenges/
Huang, S. (2009). Transnationality. In R. Kitchin & N. Thrift (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (pp. 404-409). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.01012-9
Isturiz, R. G. d. S. (2020). ‘Roots migration’: The post-‘return’ experiences of second-generation Venezuelan-Portuguese migrants Universidade NOVA de Lisboa].
Itzigsohn, J., & Saucedo, S. G. (2002). Immigrant Incorporation and Sociocultural Transnationalism. The International Migration Review, 36(3), 766-798. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4149563
Jang, B., Gonzalez, K. E., Zeng, L., & Martínez, D. E. (2022). The Correlates of Panethnic Identification: Assessing Similarities and Differences among Latinos and Asians in the United States. Sociological Perspectives, 65(4), 702-726. https://doi.org/10.1177/07311214211057121
Jin, C. H. (2021). 6 Charts That Dismantle The Trope Of Asian Americans As A Model Minority. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999874296/6-charts-that-dismantle-the-trope-of-asian-americans-as-a-model-minority
Johnson, D. R., Scheitle, C. P., & Ecklund, E. H. (2021). Beyond the in-person interview? How interview quality varies across in-person, telephone, and Skype interviews. Social Science Computer Review, 39(6), 1142-1158.
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.-M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954-2965. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
Kiang, L., Harter, S., & Whitesell, N. R. (2007). Relational expression of ethnic identity in Chinese Americans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(2), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507075414
Kibria, N. (1996). Not Asian, Black or White? Reflections on South Asian American Racial Identity. Amerasia Journal, 22(2), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.17953/amer.22.2.m36385l655m22432
Kim, C. J. (1999). The Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics & Society, 27(1), 105-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329299027001005
Kim, J.-h. J. (2010). Transnational Identity Formation of Second-Generation Korean-Americans Living in Korea Trinity International University].
LAAUNCH Foundation. (2022). STAATUS Index Report 2022. https://staatus-index.s3.amazonaws.com/STAATUS%20Index%202022%20Report.pdf
LaFromboise, T., Coleman, H. L. K., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 395-412. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.395
Lai, J. S. (2021). Revisiting Panethnicity: Emerging Political Contours in Asian Pacific American Politics. PS: Political Science & Politics, 54(2), 235-237. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909652000195X
Laroche, M., Kim, C., Hui, M. K., & Tomiuk, M. A. (1998). Test of a Nonlinear Relationship between Linguistic Acculturation and Ethnic Identification. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(3), 418-433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198293003
Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1954). The art of asking why three principles underlying the formulation of questionnaires. In D. Katz (Ed.), Public opinion and propaganda. Dryden Press.
Le Espiritu, Y. (1992). Asian American Panethnicity Bridging Institutions and Identities. Temple University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bw1jcp
Lee, H. (2011). Rethinking transnationalism through the second generation. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 22(3), 295-313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00150.x
Lee, J. (2019). Many dimensions of Asian American pan-ethnicity. Sociology Compass, 13(12), e12751. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12751
Lee, J., Ramakrishnan, K., & Wong, J. (2018). Accurately Counting Asian Americans Is a Civil Rights Issue. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 677(1), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218765432
Lee, R. M., & Davis Iii, C. (2000). Cultural orientation, past multicultural experience, and a sense of belonging on campus for Asian American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 110-115.
Liebkind, K. (1992). Ethnic identity–Challenging the boundaries of social psychology. In The social psychology of identity and the self concept. Academic Press (Surrey University Press).
Liebkind, K. (2001). Acculturation. In R. G. Brown, S. (Ed.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes. (pp. 386-406). Blackwell.
Liebkind, K. (2006). Ethnic identity and acculturation. In The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. (pp. 78-96). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489891.009
Lien, P.-t., Collet, C., Wong, J., & Ramakrishnan, S. K. (2001). Asian Pacific-American Public Opinion and Political Participation. PS: Political Science & Politics, 34(3), 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096501000981
Lien, P. t., Margaret Conway, M., & Wong, J. (2003). The Contours and Sources of Ethnic Identity Choices Among Asian Americans* [Article]. Social Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell), 84(2), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.8402015
Little, B. (2020). How the 1982 Murder of Vincent Chin Ignited a Push for Asian American Rights. History. https://www.history.com/news/vincent-chin-murder-asian-american-rights
Liu, S.-J. S. (2021). Framing immigration: a content analysis of newspapers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 9(4), 759-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1674162
Lopez, D., & Espiritu, Y. (1990). Panethnicity in the United States: A theoretical framework. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 13(2), 198-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1990.9993669
Louie, A., & Lau, S. W. (2007). Chineseness across borders: renegotiating Chinese identities in China and the United States. In (Vol. 8, pp. 97-99).
Louie, S. (2001). When we wanted it done, we did it ourselves. Asian Americans: The movement and the moment, xv.
Louie, V. (2006). Growing Up Ethnic In Transnational Worlds: Identities Among Second-Generation Chinese and Dominicans. Identities, 13(3), 363-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/10702890600838118
Louise Barriball, K., & While, A. (1994). Collecting data using a semi-structured interview: a discussion paper. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 328-335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01088.x
Lowe, L. (2005). Heterogeneity, Hybridity, Multiplicity: Marking Asian American Differences. In A Companion to Asian American Studies (pp. 254-275). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996928.ch16
Lu, F. (2020). The Dual Identity of Asian Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 101(5), 1869-1884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12831
Maeda, D. J. (2009). Chains of Babylon: The Rise of Asian America (NED - New edition ed.). University of Minnesota Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv5cp
Maeda, D. J. (2012). Rethinking the Asian American Movement (1st ed.). Routledge.
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured Interviews. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 4825-4830). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_857
Maira, S. (2002). Desis in the house: Indian American youth culture in NYC. . Temple University Press.
Marchetti, G. (1994). Romance and the Yellow Peril: Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction. University of California Press.
Marcia, J. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In (Vol. 9).
Maruyama, N. U. (2016). Roots Tourists` Internal Experiences and Relations with the Ancestral Land: Case of Second-generation Chinese Americans. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5), 469-476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2064
McIntosh, M. J., & Morse, J. M. (2015). Situating and constructing diversity in semi-structured interviews. Global qualitative nursing research, 2, 2333393615597674.
Min, P. G. (2002). The second generation; ethnic identity among Asian Americans. Reference and Research Book News, 17(4).
Min, P. G. (2006). Asian-Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Pine Forge Press.
Min, P. G., & Kim, R. (2000). Formation of ethnic and racial identities: narratives by young Asian-American professionals. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(4), 735-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870050033702
MIT. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. MIT. https://asianamericanstudies.mit.edu/immigration-and-nationality-act-1965
Mora, G. C., & Okamoto, D. G. (2020). Postcolonialism, Racial Political Fields, and Panethnicity: A Comparison of Early “Asian American” and “Hispanic” Movements. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 6(4), 450-467. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649219900291
Ngai, M. M. (1999). The Architecture of Race in American Immigration Law: A Reexamination of the Immigration Act of 1924. The Journal of American History, 86(1), 67-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/2567407
Nguyen, A.-M. D., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2013). Biculturalism and Adjustment:A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(1), 122-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111435097
Oboler, S. (1995). Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives: Identity and the Politics of (Re)Presentation. University of Minnesota Press.
Okamoto, D., & Mora, G. C. (2014). Panethnicity. Annual Review of Sociology, 40(1), 219-239. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043201
Okamoto, D. G. (2003). Toward a Theory of Panethnicity: Explaining Asian American Collective Action. American Sociological Review, 68(6), 811-842. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519747
Okamoto, D. G. (2014). Redefining Race: Asian American Panethnicity and Shifting Ethnic Boundaries. Russell Sage Foundation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610448451
Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014). Racial Formation in the United States (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Park, J. Z. (2008). Second-Generation Asian American Pan-Ethnic Identity: Pluralized Meanings of a Racial Label. Sociological Perspectives, 51(3), 541-561. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2008.51.3.541
Pérez, D. J., Fortuna, L., & Alegria, M. (2008). Prevalence and Correlates of Everyday Discrimination among U.S. Latinos. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(4), 421-433. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20221
Pew Research Center. (2012). Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/07/19/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview/
Pew Research Center. (2013). Second-Generation Americans. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2013/02/07/second-generation-americans/
Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499
Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure:A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/074355489272003
Phinney, J. S. (2003). Ethic identity and acculturation. In Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. (pp. 63-81). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-006
Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1992). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 15(3), 271-281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(92)90030-9
Phinney, J. S., & Devich-Navarro, M. (1997). Variations in bicultural identification among African American and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7, 3-32. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0701_2
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions [Article]. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271
Phinney, J. S., Romero, I., Nava, M., & Huang, D. (2001). The role of language, parents, and peers in ethnic identity among adolescents in immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(2), 135-153. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010389607319
Pollock, D. C., & Van Reken, R. (2011). Third culture kids: The experience of growing up among worlds. Intercultural Press.
Portes, A. (1997). Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities. International Migration Review, 31(4), 799-825. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100402
Portes, A. R., RG. (2001). Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. University of California Press and Russell Sage Foundation.
Putnam, R. D. (2007). E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x
Reay, D. (1998). ’Always knowing’ and ‘never being sure’: familial and institutional habituses and higher education choice. Journal of Education Policy, 13(4), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093980130405
Roth, W. D. (2016). The multiple dimensions of race. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(8), 1310-1338. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1140793
Rubin, H. J. R., I.S. (2005). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing the Data (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Ruble, D. N., Alvarez, J., Bachman, M., Cameron, J., Fuligni, A., Coll, C. G., & Rhee, E. (2004). The development of a sense of "we": The emergence and implications of children`s collective identity. In The development of the social self. (pp. 29-76). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203391099_chapter_2
Ryan, A. B. (2006). Post-positivist approaches to research. Researching and Writing your Thesis: a guide for postgraduate students, 12-26.
Safran, W. (2008). Language, ethnicity and religion: a complex and persistent linkage. Nations and Nationalism, 14(1), 171-190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00323.x
Sakamoto, A., Takei, I., & Woo, H. (2012). The Myth of the Model Minority Myth. Sociological Spectrum, 32(4), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2012.664042
Sala, E., & Baldassar, L. (2017). Leaving Family to Return to Family: Roots Migration Among Second-Generation Italian-Australians. Ethos, 45(3), 386-408. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12173
Samura, M. (2016). Remaking selves, repositioning selves, or remaking space: An examination of Asian American college students` processes of "belonging". Journal of College Student Development, 57, 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0016
Sarna, J. D. (1978). From Immigrants to Ethnics: Toward a New Theory of "Ethn icization".
Schachter, A. (2014). Finding Common Ground? Indian Immigrants and Asian American Panethnicity. Social Forces, 92(4), 1487-1512. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sou019
Shenton, A. (2004). Strategies for Ensuring Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research Projects. Education for Information, 22, 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
Smith, J. A. O., M. . (2008). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Snauwaert, B., Soenens, B., Vanbeselaere, N., & Boen, F. (2003). When integration does not necessarily imply integration: Different conceptualizations of acculturation orientations lead to different classifications. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102250250
Sung, Y.-K., Chang, K.-C., & Sung, Y.-F. (2016). Market Segmentation of International Tourists Based on Motivation to Travel: A Case Study of Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(8), 862-882. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1080175
Svensson, Y., Berne, J., & Syed, M. (2018). A narrative approach to the role of others in ethnic identity formation. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol, 24(2), 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000182
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior [doi:10.4324/9780203505984-16]. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16
Takaki, R. (1998). Generations of Exclusion: Mexican Americans, Assimilation, and Race. Russel Sage Foundation
Tang, T. (2020). Asian Americans use social media to mobilize against attacks https://apnews.com/article/us-news-ap-top-news-mi-state-wire-ca-state-wire-virus-outbreak-bf79b4f66e6a612d690abc546c84360f
Thoits, P. A., & Virshup, L. K. (1997). Me`s and we`s: Forms and functions of social identities. In Self and identity: Fundamental issues. (pp. 106-133). Oxford University Press.
Turner, D. (2010). Qualitative Interview Design: A Practical Guide for Novice Investigators. The Qualitative Report, 15, 754-760.
Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories.
Uedo, N. (2009). Chinese Americans in China: Ethnicity, Transnationalism, and Roots Tourism Texas A&M University].
Verkuyten, M. (2004). The Social Psychology of Ethnic Identity. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203338704
Verkuyten, M., Wiley, S., Deaux, K., & Fleischmann, F. (2019). To Be Both (and More): Immigration and Identity Multiplicity. Journal of Social Issues, 75(2), 390-413. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12324
Vertovec, S. (2009). Transnationalism (Vol. 1). Routledge.
Walsham, G. (1995). Interpretive case studies in IS research: nature and method. European Journal of Information Systems, 4(2), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.1995.9
Way, N., Hernández, M. G., Rogers, L. O., & Hughes, D. L. (2013). “I’m Not Going to Become No Rapper”:Stereotypes as a Context of Ethnic and Racial Identity Development. Journal of Adolescent Research, 28(4), 407-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558413480836
Way, N., & Rogers, O. (2015). "[T]hey say Black men won`t make it, but I know I`m gonna make it": Ethnic and racial identity development in the context of cultural stereotypes. In The Oxford handbook of identity development. (pp. 269-285). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936564.001.0001
Way, N., Santos, C., Niwa, E. Y., & Kim-Gervey, C. (2008). To be or not to be: An exploration of ethnic identity development in context [Article]. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 2008(120), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.216
Wei, W. (1993). The Asian American Movement. Temple University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bt3pg
Wessendorf, S. (2007). ‘Roots Migrants’: Transnationalism and ‘Return’ among Second-Generation Italians in Switzerland. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(7), 1083-1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701541614
Wolf, D. L. (2002). There’s No Place Like “Home”
Emotional Transnationalism and the Struggles of Second-Generation Filipinos. In P. Levitt & M. C. Waters (Eds.), Changing Face of Home, The (pp. 255-294). Russell Sage Foundation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610443531.16
Wong, J. S., Ramakrishnan, S. K., Lee, T., & Junn, J. (2011). Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities.
Wong, L. L., & Trumper, R. (2002). Global Celebrity Athletes and Nationalism:Fútbol, Hockey, and the Representation of Nation. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(2), 168-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723502262004
Wu, Q. B., & Ou, Y. (2022). Does "who I am" influence "how I feel"? Cultural identity and mental health among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22827
Xu, J., & Lee, J. (2013). The Marginalized "Model" Minority: An Empirical Examination of the Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans. Social Forces, 91, 1363-1397. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot049
Yamashita, L. (2022). “I Just Couldn’t Relate to That Asian American Narrative”: How Southeast Asian Americans Reconsider Panethnicity. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 8(2), 250-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/23326492221078953
Yang, J. Y., Phil; Wang, Philip (2022). Rise: A Pop History of Asian America from the Nineties to Now. Harper.		zh_TW