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題名 日台中小企業促進員工福祉實踐案例研究
Case study on the Japanese and Taiwanese small and medium-sized enterprises` practices to promote employees well-being
作者 小川惠
Ogawa, Megumi
貢獻者 曹銀愛
Cho, Eunae
小川惠
Megumi Ogawa
關鍵詞 中小企業
福祉
人力資源
工作生活平衡
日本
Small and medium-sized enterprise
Well-being
Human Resources
Work life balance
Japan
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-九月-2023 15:13:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 
In recent years, work style reforms are progressing in Japan, and an increasing number of people are adopting the value of well-being. Notably, 99.7% of Japanese companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs support the Japanese economy and have a great influence on society. Generally speaking, SMEs are said to lack resources compared to large companies. Against this backdrop, this thesis explores how Japanese SMEs promote mental and physical health of their employees, while maintaining their business under such circumstances. Specifically, case studies of actual companies – Japanese and Taiwanese SMEs which have different characteristics – were conducted. Based on the research, I came to the conclusion that the following practices are essential in order for Japanese SMEs to further promote the well-being of their employees: It is necessary to provide opportunities for employees to create internal connections, give employees control on work styles and schedules. It is also essential to receive expert support to promote wellbeing initiatives, to show employees with the attitude of pursuing profits as a company and methods to realize it, and to establish a system that focuses on labor productivity rather than working hours.
參考文獻 1. Furui, Y. (2018). Loss of Labor Productivity in SMEs and its Impact Factors. https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2018/06/pdf/049-061.pdf
     2. (N.d.). https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/健康経営
     3. Chuo research institute nagoya. (2023, January 27). Real GDP Growth Rate in 2022. https://www.cri-nagoya.com/news/2022年の実質gdp成長率【290 号】 /#:~:text=1.1%増に減速,率が鈍化しました%E3%80%82
     4. Statista. (n.d.). Annual Growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Taiwan from 2000 to 2022 with a Forecast until 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/328535/gross-domestic product-gdp-annual-growth-rate-in-taiwan/
     5. America’s Digital Transformation “The Healthy Company” ~Issues in Japan Considered from a Comparison of Health and Productivity Management in Japan and the United States. (2021). The Japan Research Institute, Limited. https://www.jri.co.jp/MediaLibrary/file/column/opinion/pdf/12882.pdf
     6. The small and medium enterprise agency in japan. (2018). Recent SME and Micro Business Policies. 3. https://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/soshiki/180404seisaku.pdf
 The small and medium enterprise agency in japan. (n.d.). The Definition of the Japanese SMEs. https://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/soshiki/teigi.html
     7. JobQ Town. (n.d.). https://job-q.me/articles/3643
     8. The small and medium enterprise agency in Japan. (2018). Recent SME and Micro Business Policies. 4. https://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/soshiki/180404seisaku.pdf
     9. Nozue, H. (2021). Changes in Subcontracting Structure and SMEs. https://leo.aichi u. ac.jp/~keisoken/research/journal/no115/a/01_NOZUE.pdf
     10. Takami, T. (2020). The Location of “Overwork” in Modern Japan: From the Perspective of Health and Family Life. 21–22. https://www.jil.go.jp/foreign/report/2020/pdf/20-03_f.pdf
     11. Ono, H. (2016). Why Aren’t Working Hours in Japan Decreasing? https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2016/12/pdf/015-027.pdf
     12. Kotera, T. (2019). Usefulness of Work Style Reform and SME Management. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2019/05/201905_2.pdf
     13. Sato, Y. (2022). Japanese Small Business Culture Theory. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2022/01/202201_2.pdf
     14. Toda, T. (1981). Re-Evaluation of Japanese-Style Management. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2022/01/202201_2.pdf
     15. Kanai, A. (2014). A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Psycho-Social Mechanisms behind “Karo-Shi”: Toward the Development of Policies for Prevention. https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/file/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24330188/24330188seika.pdf
     16. Pwc. (2017). Tips for Permanent Development of Family Business Enterprises, 1. https://www.pwc.com/jp/ja/japan-knowledge/archive/assets/pdf/family-business survey1705.pdf
     17. Mochizuki, K. (2014). SMEs as Family Businesses. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2014/05/201405_4.pdf
     18. Aichi labor bureau, ministry of health, labour and welfare in japan. (n.d.). Overview of the Related Acts on Work Style Reform. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2014/05/201405_4.pdf
     19. Ministry of health, labour and welfare in japan. (n.d.). The Maximum Legal Working Hours in Japan. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/roudoukijun/faq_kijyunhou_9.html
     20. The working group of the r.o.c laws and regulations database, ministry of justice. (n.d.). Standards for Identifying Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0140003
     21. 2022 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises. (2022). Small and Medium Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan.
     22. Chen, M. (2021). The Influential Factors of Taiwan SMEs’ Clustering Keystone Business Strategy—The Perspective of Business Ecosystem Using FAHP. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/18/10304
     23. Lee, T. (2017). Taiwan’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). https://www.asianstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/taiwans-small-and-medium-enterprises smes.pdf
     24. Wada, K. (2002). Flexibility and Support Policy for Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan. https://www.eco.nihon u.ac.jp/center/economic/publication/journal/pdf/32/32wada.pdf
     25. Taiwan news. (2021). Taiwanese Work 4th Most Hours in theWorld. Https://Www.Taiwannews.Com.Tw/En/News/4317429. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4317429
     26. 2021 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises. (2021). Small and Medium Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan. Ministry of health, labour and welfare in japan. (n.d.). https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/itiran/roudou/jikan/syurou/22/dl/gaiyou01.pdf
     27. Yeh, Y. (2001). Family Control and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Taiwan. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-2443.00014. The working group of the r.o.c laws and regulations database, ministry of justice. (n.d.). Standards for Identifying Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0140003
     28. Kuroda law office. (2017). Commentary on the Draft Revision of the Taiwan Labor Standards Act. Taiwan Business Legal Practice Information. https://www.kuroda law.gr.jp/column/taiwanlaw-info/5757/
     29. Persol research and consulting co., ltd. (n.d.). Taiwan Labor Legislation. https://rc.persol group.co.jp/thinktank/spe/hr-data/jp/about-labor/taiwan/
     30. The working group of the r.o.c laws and regulations database, ministry of justice. (n.d.). Occupational Safety and Health Management Law. Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=N0060027
     31. Riordan, C. (2015). Role Conflict. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313967033_Role_Conflict
     32. Creary, S. (2016). Role Conflict, Role Overload, and Role Strain. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314924410_Role_Conflict_Role_Overload_and_Ro le_Strain
     33. Emotional Labor. (n.d.). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_labor#:~:text=Emotional%20labor%20is%20the%20 process, workers%2C%20clients%2C%20and%20managers.
     34. Greenhaus, J. (1985). Source of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259309989_Source_of_Conflict_Between_Work_a nd_Family_Roles
     35. (N.d.). https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/新卒一括採用
     36. (N.d.). https://www.profuture.co.jp/mk/recruit/column/28257
     37. Holt, M. (2015). Health and Well-Being in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). What Public Health Support Do SMEs Really Need? https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/1757913914521157.
     38. HRBrain. (2023). What is the new graduate turnover rate? 30% in 3 years, 10% in 1 year?Explanation of the reason for leaving the job and preventive measures. https://www.hrbrain.jp/media/human-resources-development/new-employee-turnover#
     39.Ys-consulting. (2023). The arrival of the largest career change boom in history. Will. corporate education support systems be the key to retaining human resources? https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000179.000059899.html.
     40.Ooshiro, A. (2011). Importance of「The Life-long Employment」 in Taiwanese. Japanese Company. https://okiu1972.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/970
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
110933048
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110933048
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 曹銀愛zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Cho, Eunaeen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 小川惠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Megumi Ogawaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 小川惠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ogawa, Megumien_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-九月-2023 15:13:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-九月-2023 15:13:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-九月-2023 15:13:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0110933048en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146980-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110933048zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, work style reforms are progressing in Japan, and an increasing number of people are adopting the value of well-being. Notably, 99.7% of Japanese companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs support the Japanese economy and have a great influence on society. Generally speaking, SMEs are said to lack resources compared to large companies. Against this backdrop, this thesis explores how Japanese SMEs promote mental and physical health of their employees, while maintaining their business under such circumstances. Specifically, case studies of actual companies – Japanese and Taiwanese SMEs which have different characteristics – were conducted. Based on the research, I came to the conclusion that the following practices are essential in order for Japanese SMEs to further promote the well-being of their employees: It is necessary to provide opportunities for employees to create internal connections, give employees control on work styles and schedules. It is also essential to receive expert support to promote wellbeing initiatives, to show employees with the attitude of pursuing profits as a company and methods to realize it, and to establish a system that focuses on labor productivity rather than working hours.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
     1. Introduction 1
     Research Purpose 1
     2. The Circumstance Surrounding the SMEs in Japan and Taiwan 4
     2.1. Japan 4
     2.2. Taiwan 11
     3. CASE STUDY 19
     3. 1. Japan 19
     3.2. Taiwan 25
     4. Discussion 30
     5. Reference 32
     6. Appendix 37
     
     
                                                   
      
     List of Tables and Figures
     
     Table 1: The definition of the Japanese SMEs 4
     Table 2: The number of the SMEs and its impact on the Taiwanese economy in 2021 13
     Table 3: The law regarding overtime work in Taiwan 17
     
     Figure 1: Industry distribution for Japanese SMEs 5
     Figure 2: The industry composition for value-added amount 6
     Figure 3: The industry distribution for the Taiwanese SMEs 13
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110933048en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中小企業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 福祉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人力資源zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作生活平衡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Small and medium-sized enterpriseen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Well-beingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human Resourcesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Work life balanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japanen_US
dc.title (題名) 日台中小企業促進員工福祉實踐案例研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Case study on the Japanese and Taiwanese small and medium-sized enterprises` practices to promote employees well-beingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Furui, Y. (2018). Loss of Labor Productivity in SMEs and its Impact Factors. https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2018/06/pdf/049-061.pdf
     2. (N.d.). https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/健康経営
     3. Chuo research institute nagoya. (2023, January 27). Real GDP Growth Rate in 2022. https://www.cri-nagoya.com/news/2022年の実質gdp成長率【290 号】 /#:~:text=1.1%増に減速,率が鈍化しました%E3%80%82
     4. Statista. (n.d.). Annual Growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Taiwan from 2000 to 2022 with a Forecast until 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/328535/gross-domestic product-gdp-annual-growth-rate-in-taiwan/
     5. America’s Digital Transformation “The Healthy Company” ~Issues in Japan Considered from a Comparison of Health and Productivity Management in Japan and the United States. (2021). The Japan Research Institute, Limited. https://www.jri.co.jp/MediaLibrary/file/column/opinion/pdf/12882.pdf
     6. The small and medium enterprise agency in japan. (2018). Recent SME and Micro Business Policies. 3. https://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/soshiki/180404seisaku.pdf
 The small and medium enterprise agency in japan. (n.d.). The Definition of the Japanese SMEs. https://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/soshiki/teigi.html
     7. JobQ Town. (n.d.). https://job-q.me/articles/3643
     8. The small and medium enterprise agency in Japan. (2018). Recent SME and Micro Business Policies. 4. https://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/soshiki/180404seisaku.pdf
     9. Nozue, H. (2021). Changes in Subcontracting Structure and SMEs. https://leo.aichi u. ac.jp/~keisoken/research/journal/no115/a/01_NOZUE.pdf
     10. Takami, T. (2020). The Location of “Overwork” in Modern Japan: From the Perspective of Health and Family Life. 21–22. https://www.jil.go.jp/foreign/report/2020/pdf/20-03_f.pdf
     11. Ono, H. (2016). Why Aren’t Working Hours in Japan Decreasing? https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2016/12/pdf/015-027.pdf
     12. Kotera, T. (2019). Usefulness of Work Style Reform and SME Management. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2019/05/201905_2.pdf
     13. Sato, Y. (2022). Japanese Small Business Culture Theory. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2022/01/202201_2.pdf
     14. Toda, T. (1981). Re-Evaluation of Japanese-Style Management. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2022/01/202201_2.pdf
     15. Kanai, A. (2014). A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Psycho-Social Mechanisms behind “Karo-Shi”: Toward the Development of Policies for Prevention. https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/file/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24330188/24330188seika.pdf
     16. Pwc. (2017). Tips for Permanent Development of Family Business Enterprises, 1. https://www.pwc.com/jp/ja/japan-knowledge/archive/assets/pdf/family-business survey1705.pdf
     17. Mochizuki, K. (2014). SMEs as Family Businesses. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2014/05/201405_4.pdf
     18. Aichi labor bureau, ministry of health, labour and welfare in japan. (n.d.). Overview of the Related Acts on Work Style Reform. https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2014/05/201405_4.pdf
     19. Ministry of health, labour and welfare in japan. (n.d.). The Maximum Legal Working Hours in Japan. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/roudoukijun/faq_kijyunhou_9.html
     20. The working group of the r.o.c laws and regulations database, ministry of justice. (n.d.). Standards for Identifying Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0140003
     21. 2022 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises. (2022). Small and Medium Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan.
     22. Chen, M. (2021). The Influential Factors of Taiwan SMEs’ Clustering Keystone Business Strategy—The Perspective of Business Ecosystem Using FAHP. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/18/10304
     23. Lee, T. (2017). Taiwan’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). https://www.asianstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/taiwans-small-and-medium-enterprises smes.pdf
     24. Wada, K. (2002). Flexibility and Support Policy for Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan. https://www.eco.nihon u.ac.jp/center/economic/publication/journal/pdf/32/32wada.pdf
     25. Taiwan news. (2021). Taiwanese Work 4th Most Hours in theWorld. Https://Www.Taiwannews.Com.Tw/En/News/4317429. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4317429
     26. 2021 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises. (2021). Small and Medium Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan. Ministry of health, labour and welfare in japan. (n.d.). https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/itiran/roudou/jikan/syurou/22/dl/gaiyou01.pdf
     27. Yeh, Y. (2001). Family Control and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Taiwan. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-2443.00014. The working group of the r.o.c laws and regulations database, ministry of justice. (n.d.). Standards for Identifying Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0140003
     28. Kuroda law office. (2017). Commentary on the Draft Revision of the Taiwan Labor Standards Act. Taiwan Business Legal Practice Information. https://www.kuroda law.gr.jp/column/taiwanlaw-info/5757/
     29. Persol research and consulting co., ltd. (n.d.). Taiwan Labor Legislation. https://rc.persol group.co.jp/thinktank/spe/hr-data/jp/about-labor/taiwan/
     30. The working group of the r.o.c laws and regulations database, ministry of justice. (n.d.). Occupational Safety and Health Management Law. Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=N0060027
     31. Riordan, C. (2015). Role Conflict. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313967033_Role_Conflict
     32. Creary, S. (2016). Role Conflict, Role Overload, and Role Strain. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314924410_Role_Conflict_Role_Overload_and_Ro le_Strain
     33. Emotional Labor. (n.d.). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_labor#:~:text=Emotional%20labor%20is%20the%20 process, workers%2C%20clients%2C%20and%20managers.
     34. Greenhaus, J. (1985). Source of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259309989_Source_of_Conflict_Between_Work_a nd_Family_Roles
     35. (N.d.). https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/新卒一括採用
     36. (N.d.). https://www.profuture.co.jp/mk/recruit/column/28257
     37. Holt, M. (2015). Health and Well-Being in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). What Public Health Support Do SMEs Really Need? https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/1757913914521157.
     38. HRBrain. (2023). What is the new graduate turnover rate? 30% in 3 years, 10% in 1 year?Explanation of the reason for leaving the job and preventive measures. https://www.hrbrain.jp/media/human-resources-development/new-employee-turnover#
     39.Ys-consulting. (2023). The arrival of the largest career change boom in history. Will. corporate education support systems be the key to retaining human resources? https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000179.000059899.html.
     40.Ooshiro, A. (2011). Importance of「The Life-long Employment」 in Taiwanese. Japanese Company. https://okiu1972.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/970
zh_TW