1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 國際事務學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 美國如何實踐《臺灣關係法》？ 川普政府的實踐與對拜登政府的意涵
How Does the United States Practice the Taiwan Relations Act to Engage with Taiwan? The Case Study of the Trump Administration and Its Implications for the Biden Administration
作者 周德義
Zhou, De-Yi
貢獻者 吳崇涵
Wu, Chong-Han
周德義
Zhou, De-Yi
關鍵詞 臺灣關係法
戰略模糊
雙重嚇阻
戰略清晰
川普政府
拜登政府
美中競爭
威脅平衡論
The Taiwan Relations Act
Strategic Ambiguity
Dual Deterrence
Strategic Clarity
The Trump Administration
The Biden Administration
U.S.-China Rivalry
Balance of Threat Theory
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-九月-2023 15:31:54 (UTC+8)
摘要 由美國第96屆國會於44年前所制定的《臺灣關係法》，已成為華盛頓在承認北京下維持與臺北非官方但實質性關係的基石。自1979以來，《臺灣關係法》的模糊框架整體上確保了臺灣海峽的和平穩定，並使華盛頓的兩岸政策產生「雙重嚇阻」之效果。

然而，《臺灣關係法》在今日正面臨重大挑戰。在華盛頓與北京陷入「修昔底德陷阱」的結構性長期競爭下，美國對臺政策在川普總統任內進入新階段，並延續至拜登於2021年上任後。臺美關係雖在拜登政府任內穩健前進，呈現高度的連續性，但事實更令人費解。一方面，拜登政府繼續維護《臺灣關係法》的框架，透過對臺軍售、臺美高層互訪、支持臺灣維護和擴展國際空間等方式。另一方面，無論拜登的口頭承諾是故意還是失態，他一再表示如果北京武力犯臺，美國將以軍事手段保衛臺灣，這似乎與《臺灣關係法》的精神相悖。

為何在川普擔任總統期間，美國大幅增強與臺灣的雙邊關係？與歷任美國政府相比，川普政府如何實踐《臺灣關係法》與臺灣交往？這對執政約兩年半的拜登政府意味著什麼？拜登的對臺政策與川普政府有何不同？

本文透過質型研究方法說明三個主要發現。首現，川普政府之所以大幅提升與臺灣的關係，是華盛頓圍堵由習近平領導的中國所構成之威脅的理性外交政策手段之一。 其次，川普政府在謹慎的基礎上比其前任更彈性地運用《臺灣關係法》，且由國會制定的與臺灣有關之法案可被視為對《臺灣關係法》模糊措辭的實質性補充。
最後，拜登政府截至目前在很多層面延續川普的做法，但其已把《臺灣關係法》 的安全條文解釋到最大限度，特別是在處理華盛頓長年履行的「戰略模糊」上。拜登亦在其以多邊為導向的圍堵中國政策下，把可能發生的兩岸衝突國際化。
Crafted by the 96th U.S. Congress forty-four years ago, the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) has served as the cornerstone for Washington’s maintenance of its unofficial yet substantive relations with Taipei despite recognizing Beijing. The ambiguous framework of the TRA has generally ensured peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait since 1979 and created the effect of “dual deterrence” for Washington’s cross-Strait policy.

Yet, the TRA is facing major challenges today. Under the tectonic long-term competition in which Washington and Beijing have fallen into the “Thucydides’s Trap,” the U.S. policy toward Taiwan entered a new phase during President Donald Trump’s one-term presidency, which has continued since Joe Biden took office in 2021. Although U.S.-Taiwan relations during the Biden administration will progress steadily and show a high degree of continuity, the facts are even more puzzling. On the one hand, the Biden administration has continued to uphold the framework of the TRA by selling arms to Taiwan, exchanging high-level officials visits between the two sides, and supporting Taiwan to safeguard and expand its international space. On the other hand, whether his oral pledges are deliberate or gaffe, Biden has repeatedly stated that if Beijing uses force to invade Taiwan, the U.S. will defend Taiwan militarily, which seems to contradict the spirit of the TRA.

Why did the U.S. significantly increase its relations with Taiwan during Trump’s presidency? How did the Trump administration practice the TRA to engage with Taiwan compared to previous U.S. administrations? What does this mean for the Biden administration, which has been in power for about two and a half years? How is Biden’s Taiwan policy different from Trump’s administration?

This study indicates three main findings through the qualitative methodology. First, the reason why the Trump administration greatly deepened ties with Taiwan, is one of the rational foreign policy means for Washington to contain the threat posed by Xi’s China. Second, the Trump administration has been more elastic in its use of the TRA than its predecessors on a prudent basis, and the Taiwan-related legislations crafted by Congress can be seen as substantive supplements to the TRA’s obscure wording.

Third, the Biden administration has so far continued the practice of Trump’s in many respects, yet it has interpreted the TRA’s security wording into its maximum magnitude, in particular the handling of Washington’s longstanding “strategic ambiguity.” Biden has also internationalized the conceivable cross-Strait conflict under his multilateral-oriented containment policy on China.
參考文獻 「2018年3月16日外交部發言人陸慷主持例行記者」 ， 中華人民共和國外交部， (2018年3月16日)。
「外交部宣布「北美事務協調委員會」將更名為「台灣美國事務委員會」，象徵台美關係緊密，意義非凡」，中華民國外交部， (2019年5月25日)。
「台灣旅行法對台灣發展路線的啟示」，立法院，。
「總統府針對中國戰機逾越海峽中線之聲明」，中華民國總統府， (2019年3月31日)。
丁樹範，「臺灣旅行法的性質與意義」，戰略安全研析，第149期(2017年1月)，頁56-63。
由冀，「《台灣關係法》和中美台動30年」，收於林碧炤、林正義主編，美中台關係總體檢：《台灣關係法》30年(臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司，2009年)。頁267-286。
李大中，從交往到遏制：美國的印太 (亞太) 戰略與對中政策(新北：韋伯文華國際出版有限公司)。
李大維，台灣關係法立法過程—美國總統與國會間之制衡(臺北：風雲論壇出版社，1996年)。
李本京，七十年中美外交關係評估(臺北：黎明文化事業股份有限公司，1985年)。
吳玉山，「權力轉移理論：悲劇預言？」，收於包宗和主編，國際關係理論(臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2010年)。頁389-415。
吳玉山、傅澤民，「霸權與挑戰：國際關係理論的詮釋」，問題與研究，第62卷第1期(2023年3月)，頁1-45。
周德義，「觀點投書：台灣人都應該知道的國際關係理論」，風傳媒， (2022年3月21日)。
周德義，「二十大後的美中關係 「常理性護欄」的延續或倒塌」，ETtoday雲論， (2022年10月24日)。
周德義，「當前台海局勢的三堂課 運用「避險」與美中共存共榮」，ETtoday雲論， (2023年2月16日)。
林正義，「戰略模糊、戰略明確或雙重明確：美國預防臺海危機的政策辯論」，遠景基金會季刊，第8卷第1期(2017年1月)，頁1-50。
林彥宏，「美日軍艦監控中共航艦南下」，國防安全週報，第75期(2019年11月)，頁21-24。
林政憲、張嘉宏，「美國《國防授權法》影響–探討台灣軍費支出研究」，國防部主計季刊，第61卷第2期(2020)，頁39-52。
洪子傑，「近期共機多架次逾越台海中線之簡析」，國防安全雙週報，第13期(2020年10月)，頁19-25。
侯姿瑩，「李大維會晤波頓 卜睿哲：反映美重視區域穩定」，中央社， (2019年6月6日)。
信強，「美台關係的「守夜人」：美國國會與《台灣關係法》」，收於林碧炤、林正義主編，美中台關係總體檢：《台灣關係法》30年(臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司，2009年)。頁29-49。
美國台灣觀測站，為什麼我們要在意美國？從外交、制度、重大議題全面解析台美關係(新北：聯經出版事業股份有限公司，2021年)。
陳偉華，「美國總統公布對臺軍售的時機選擇：行政部門通知國會審查的分析」，問題與研究，第59卷第3期(2020年9月)，頁81-122。
許智翔，「陸軍軍購與不對稱建軍之思考」，國防安全週報，第56期(2019年7月)，頁33-36。
鄭瑞耀，「搶救權力平衡理論」，收於包宗和主編，國際關係理論(臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2010年)。頁69-83。
蔡東杰，「美國通過系列友臺法案之背景與影響評析」，探索與展望，第16卷第9期(2018年9月)，頁1-7。
劉復國，「台灣推動公民投票對美台關係的影響」，收於林碧炤、林正義主編，美中台關係總體檢：《台灣關係法》30年(臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司，2009年)。頁79-110。
蕭旭岑，八年執政回憶錄，馬英九口述(臺北：天下文化，2018年)。
盧業中，「美國支持臺灣參與國際民航組織之研究」，歐美研究，第45期第3卷(2015年9月) ，頁301-356。
鐘志東，「評析美國《2021財年國防授權法案》之太平洋威懾倡議」，國防安全雙週報，第19期(2020年12月)，頁27-31。
“2021 US-Taiwan Defense Industry Conference,” US-Taiwan Business Council, e/>.
“A conversation with Henry Kissinger,” The Economist, kissinger-transcript> (May 17, 2023).
A Free and Open Indo-Pacific: Advancing a Shared Vision,” Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, (November 3, 2019).
Allison, Graham T., “The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?” The Atlantic, (September 24, 2015).
Allison, Graham T., Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017).
Allison, Graham T., Nathalie Kiersznowski, and Charlotte Fitzek, “The Great Economic Rivalry: China vs the U.S.,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, ublication/great-economic-rivalry-china-vs-us> (March 23, 2022).
“American Institute in Taiwan Chairman James Moriarty Remarks,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, (July 13, 2017).
Blanchard, Ben, and Yimou Lee, “Pentagon’s top China official travels to Taiwan, sources say,” Reuters, > (February 18, 2023).
Blanchard, Ben, and Jess Macy Yu, “China, Taiwan spar over Chinese diplomat’s invasion threat,” Reuters, (December 11, 2017).

Brunnstrom, David, “Trump signs U.S.-Taiwan travel bill, angering China,” Reuters, (March 17, 2018).
Brown, David G., “Governing Taiwan is not easy: President Tsai Ing-wen’s first year,” The Brookings Institution, (May 17, 2017).
Brands, Hal, and Michael Beckley, Danger Zone: The Coming Conflict with China (New York: W.W. Norton, 2022).
Brands, Hal, and John Lewis Gaddis, “The New Cold War: America, China, and the Echoes of History,” Foreign Affairs, (November/December 2021).
Bader, Jaffrey A., “U.S.-China relations: Is it time to end the engagement?” The Brookings Institution, . (September 2018).
Bekkevold, Jo Inge, “Why China Is Not a Superpower,” Foreign Policy, y-geopolitics/> (March 2, 2023).
Blanchette, Jude and Ryan Hass, “The Taiwan Long Game: Why the Best Solution is No Solution,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 102, No. 1(January / February 2023), pp. 102-114.
Bradsher, Keith, “China’s Leader, With Rare Bluntness, Blames U.S. Containment for Troubles,” The New York Times, a/china-us-xi-jinping.html> (March 7, 2023).
Beckley, Michael, “The Power of Nations: Measuring What Matters,” International Security, Vol. 43, No. 2(Fall 2018), pp. 7-44.
Buttigieg, Pete, and Phillip H. Gordon, “Present at the Destruction of U.S. Power and Influence,” Foreign Policy, (July 14, 2020).
Bush, Richard C., At Cross Purposes: U.S.-Taiwan Relations Since 1942 (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2004).
Bush, Richard C., “The United States security partnership with Taiwan,” The Brookings Institution, (July 13, 2016).
Bush, Richard C., A One-China Policy Primer (Washington, DC: Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Brooking Institute, 2017), pp. 1-25.
“Carbis Bay G7 Summit Communiqué,” The White House, rbis-bay-g7-summit-communique/> (June 13, 2021).
“Coons, Gardner Praise Senate Passage of TAIPEI Act,” Office of Senator Chris Coons, e-passage-of-taipei-act>. (October 30, 2019).
Coons, Chris, “Why I Have Hope for Bipartisan Progress on U.S. Foreign Policy,” Foreign Policy, (February 9, 2023).
Campbell, Kurt M., and Derek J. Mitchell, “Crisis in the Taiwan Strait?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 4 (July / August 2001), pp. 14-25.
“Chairman Menendez Announces Historic Inclusion of Taiwan Legislation in Annual Defense Bill,” United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations,
nces-historic-inclusion-of-taiwan-legislation-in-annual-defense-bill> (Decembe
r 7, 2022).
“Chinese Power Projection Capabilities in the South China Sea,” CSIS Asia Maritime. Transparency Initiative (AMIT), .
Cordesman, Anthony H., “President Trump`s New National Security Strategy,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, (December 18, 2017).
Chen, Dean P., “An Indispensable Pillar of Obama’s ‘Pivot’ to Asia: Continuing Strategic Ambiguity across the Taiwan Strait,” in Peter C. Y. Chow ed., The US Strategic Pivot to Asia and Cross-Strait Relations: Economic and Security Dynamics (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 31-54.
Chen, Dean P., “The Trump Administration’s One-China Policy: Tilting toward Taiwan in an Era of U.S.-PRC Rivalry,” Asian Politics & Policy, Vol. 11, no. 2(2019), pp. 250-278.
Chen, Dean P., “No, Biden Hasn’t Abandoned Strategic Ambiguity on Taiwan,” The National Interest, 99t-abandoned-strategic-ambiguity-taiwan-202638> (May 27, 2022).
Campbell, Kurt M., and Jake Sullivan, “Competition Without Catastrophe: How America Can Both Challenge and Coexist With China,” Foreign Affairs, (September/October 2019).
Chang-Liao, Nien-chung and Chi Fang, “The Case for Maintaining Strategic Ambiguity in the Taiwan Strait,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 2 (2021), pp. 45-60.
Chen, Ping-Kuei, “The Prospects of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia: Managing from the Hub,” Issues & Studies, Vol. 53, No. 3(2020), pp. 1-26.
Cha, Victor D., Powerplay: The origins of the American alliance system in Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016).
Cooper, Zack, “The Fourth Taiwan Strait Slip-Up,” American Enterprise Institute, (September 19, 2022).
“China’s Xi pledges peace, opening-up in first meeting with foreigners,” Consulate General of the People’s Republic of China in New York, (December 6, 2012).
“Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Alex Wong to Taiwan March 20-22, 2018,” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 20, 2018).
“Declassified Cables: Taiwan Arms Sales & Six Assurances (1982),” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 30, 2022).
Davis, Bob, and Lingling Wei, Superpower Showdown: How the Battle Between Trump and Xi Threatens a New Cold War (New York: Harper Collins, 2020).
Davis, Christopher M., “Sense of” Resolutions and Provisions (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2019), pp. 1-3.
DeLisle, Jacques, “Taiwan’s Quest for International Space: Ma’s Legacy, Tsai’s Options, China’s Choices, and U.S. Policy,” Orbis, Vol. 60, No. 4(Fall 2016), pp. 550-574.
DeLisle, Jacques, “United States-Taiwan Relations: Tsai’s Presidency and Washington’s Policy, China Review, Vol. 18, No.3, Special Issue: Washington-Taipei Relations at a Crossroads (August 2018), pp. 13-60.
DeLisle, Jacques, and Avery Goldstein, “Rivalry and Security in a New Era for US-China Relations,” in Jacques deLisle and Avery Goldstein eds., After Engagement: Dilemmas in U.S.-China Security Relations (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2021), pp. 1-49.
Dreyer, June Teufel, “Thoughts on the Past, Present, and Future of the Taiwan Relations Act, Foreign Policy Research Institute, oughts-on-the-past-present-and-future-of-the-taiwan-relations-act/> (April 8, 2019).
Devlin, Kat, Laura Silver, and Christine Huang, “U.S. Views of China Increasingly. Negative Amid Coronavirus Outbreak,” Pew Research Center, gly-negative-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/> (April 21, 2020).
Danielsson, Lotta, “Countering Chinese Military Modernization: A Path Forward for Taiwan and the United States,” Taiwan Insight, on-a-path-forward-for-taiwan-and-the-united-states/> (January 24, 2019).
“DOD Releases Indo-Pacific Strategy Report,” U.S. Department of Defense, (May 31, 2019).
Doshi, Rush, The Long Game: China’s Grand Strategy to Displace American Order (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021).
Economy, Elizabeth, “Changing course on China,” Current History, Vol. 102, No. 665(September 2003), pp. 243-249.
Everington, Keoni, “US Senate defense bill calls for Taiwan’s participation in RIMPAC exercises.” Taiwan News, (July 24, 2020).
Everington, Keoin, “US says war with Taiwan is not China`s ‘internal matter’,” Taiwan News, (February 24, 2023).
“Farewell Address of Donald J. Trump, 45th President of the United States of America,” Trump White House, .
“FACT SHEET: CHIPS and Science Act Will Lower Costs, Create Jobs, Strengthen Supply Chains, and Counter China,” The White House, fact-sheet-chips-and-science-act-will-lower-costs-create-jobs-strengthen-suppl
y-chains-and-counter-china/> (August 9, 2022).
“FACE SHEET: The Biden-Harris Administration’s National Security Strategy,” The White House, y-strategy/> (October 12, 2022).
“Gallagher Joins 36 House Republicans in Introducing Taiwan Policy Act,” Office of Congressman Mike Gallagher, (September 28, 2022).
“G7 Hiroshima Leaders’ Communiqué,” The White House, -hiroshima-leaders-communique/> (May 20, 2023).
Glaser, Bonnie S., Michael J. Mazarr, Michael J. Glennon, Richard Hass, and David Sacks, “Dire Strait: Should American Support for Taiwan Be Ambiguous,” Foreign Affairs, (September 24, 2020).
Gao, Charlotte, “Trump’s National Security Strategy Faces Severe Backlash in China,” The Diplomat, (December 20, 2017).
Grossman, Derek, “Secretary Azar’s Taiwan Visit Should Be Celebrated—for the Right Reasons,” RAND Corporation, (August 21, 2020).
Grothusen, Hannah, “How Biden is Building on Trump’s Legacy in Taiwan,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, (August 20, 2021).
Greenert, Jonathan W., “Strengthening U.S-Taiwan Defense Relations,” The National Bureau of Asian Research, (June 20, 2018), pp. 1-2.
Gold, Martin B., A Legislative History of the Taiwan Relations Act (Maryland: Lexington Books, 2017).
Green, Michael J., Richard C. Bush, and Bonnie S. Glaser, Toward a Stronger U.S.-Taiwan Relationship (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic International Studies, October 2020), pp. 1-53.
H.R.1838 – Taiwan Security Enhancement Act,” U.S. Congress, .
H.R.2002 – Taiwan Assurance Act of 2019,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.133 – Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021,” U.S. Congress, .

“H.R.535 – Taiwan Travel Act,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.2617 – Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R. 2810 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R. 5515 – John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.6395 – William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.7776 – James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023,” U.S. Congress, .
“Hearing to Consider the Anticipated Nomination of the Honorable Janet L. Yellen to Secretary of the Treasury,” United States Senate Committee on Finance, on-of-to-be-the-honorable-janet-l-yellen-to-secretary-of-the-treasury> (January
19, 2021).
Horton, Chris, “Don’t call It an Embassy: U.S. Gives Its Taiwan Ties a $250 Million Upgrade,” The New York Times, a/china-trump-bolton-taiwan.html> (May 31, 2018).
Hutzler, Charles, Joyu Wang, and James T. Areddy, “Biden’s Pledge to defend Taiwan Chips Away at Longstanding U.S. Policy,” The Wall Street Journal, (September 23, 2022).
Hickey, Dennis V., “The Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1996: implications for US security policy,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 7, No. 19(1998), pp. 405-419.
Hickey, Dennis V., “The Taiwan Relations Act: A Mid-life Crisis at 35?” The Woodrow Wilson Center Asia Program: Policy Brief Series Taiwan Relations Act, sis-35> (March 2014), pp. 1-7.
Hickey, Dennis V., “The Inconvenient Truce Behind Tsai Ing-Wen’s Diplomatic Troubles,” China-US Focus, (Augu
st 28, 2018).
Huang, Eric Yu-Chua, “Taiwan’s opportunities and risks during the post-Trump, new. Biden era,” The Brookings Institution, (December 14, 2020).
Hernández, Javier C., “Latest Clash Between China and Taiwan: A Fistfight in Fiji,” The New York Times, (October 19, 2020).
Huang, Kwei-Bo, “Taiwan’s Foreign Policy and International Space,” in Gunter Schubert ed., Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Taiwan (London: Routledge, 2016, pp. 465-481.
Huang, Kwei-Bo, “The United States and Cross-Taiwan Strait Relations after 1979,” Asian Journal of International Studies, Vol. 24, No.1(June 2019), pp. 21-35.

His-min, Lee, and Eric Lee, “Taiwan’s Overall Defense Concept, Explained,” The Diplomat, (Novermber 3, 2020).
Hass, Ryan, “A case for optimism on US-Taiwan relations,” The Brookings Institution, (November 30, 2020).
Hass, Ryan, “An American perspective on the role of Taiwan in US-China relations,” Policy Brief, The Brookings Institution, -american-perspective-on-the-role-of-taiwan-in-us-china-relations/> (July 2022).
Hsiao, Russell, “Preisdent Biden and Incremental Clarity on US Commitment to Taiwan’s Defense,” Global Taiwan Brief, Global Taiwan Institute, Vol. 7, No.11 (June 1, 2022).
Haass, Richard, and David Sacks, “American Support for Taiwan Must Be Unambiguous,” Foreign Affairs, -states/american-support-taiwan-must-be-unambiguous> (September 2, 2020).
Hu, Weixing, “Trump’s China Policy and Its Implications for the ‘Cold Peace’ across the Taiwan Strait,” The China Review, Vol. 18, No.3 (August 2018), pp. 61-88.
Hayashi, Yuka, and Vivian Salama, “Japan, Netherlands Agree to Limit Exports of Chip-Making Equipment to China,” The Wall Street Journal, . (January 28, 2023).
“Instances of China’s Interference with Taiwan’s International Presence,” Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), =1510>.
“Inauguration of the 15th-term President and Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Office of the Preisdent, Republic of China (Taiwan), (May 20, 2020).
Jarvis, Robert, Perception and Misperception in International Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976).
Kahn, Lauren, “The AUKUS Alliance Has a Lot More to Offer Than Submarines,” Council on Foreign Relations, (March 27, 2023).
Kelly, Laura, and Rebecca Beitsch, “House panel lays out ‘existential struggle’ with
China in primetime debut,” The Hill, 516-house-panel-lays-out-existential-struggle-with-china-in-primetime-debut/> (February 28, 2023).
Kau, Michael Y.m., “U.S. Visit Fits the Realities of Taiwan,” The New York Times, (June 10, 1995).
Kuo, Raymond, “‘Strategic Ambiguity’ May Have the U.S. and Taiwan Trapped,” Foreign Policy, (January 18, 2023).
Kastner, Scott L., “Ambiguity, Economic Interdependence, and the US Strategic Dilemma in the Taiwan Strait,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 15, No. 49 (2006), pp. 651-669.
Kastner, Scott L., “Better Than Ever? Assessing the Current US-Taiwan Relationship,” Taiwan Insight, (April 20, 2020).
Shirley Kan, Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales since 1990 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2014).
Kan, Shirley, “What Next After the Taiwan Travel Act?” Taiwan Insight, -travel-act/> (April 19, 2018).
Kan, Shirley, “Congressional Support for Taiwan’s Defense Through the National Defense Authorization Act, The National Bureau of Asian Research, undtable_may2018.pdf> (June 20, 2018), pp. 5-6.
Kan, Shirley, “Regan’s Memo and its Prequel on Arms Sales to Taiwan, Global Taiwan Institute, (October 9, 2019).
Kim, Woosang, and Scott Gates, “Power transition theory and the rise of China,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3(2015), pp. 219-226.
Knno-Younges, Zolan and Peter Baker, “Biden Pledges to Defend Taiwan if It Faces a
Chinese Attack,” The New York Times, ld/asia/biden-taiwan-china.html> (May 23, 2022).
Lin, Bonny, Brian Hart, Smanantha Lu, Hannah Price, and Matthew Slade, “Putting Taiwan Preisdent Tsai Ing-wen’s U.S. Transit in Context,” ChinaPower Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies, an-president-tsai-ing-wen-transit-united-states/> (April 11, 2023).
Lynch, Daniel, “Playing the Taiwan Card: Trump Is Needlessly Provoking China,” Foreign Affairs, (March 19, 2018).

Lopez, C. Todd, “DOD Releases National Defense Strategy, Missile Defense, Nuclear Posture Reviews,” U.S. Department of Defense, (October 27, 2022).
Lederer, Edith M., “US envoy to United Nations meets with Taiwan official in NY,” The Associated Press, ae9f12efc5> (September 18, 2020).
Lin, Hsiao-Ting, “U.S.-Taiwan Military Diplomacy Revisited: Chiang Kai-shek, Baituan, and the 1954 Mutual Defense Pact,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 37, No.5 (November 2013), pp. 971-994.
Landler, Mark, “Taiwan Chief Heads to U.S., Stirring Both Pride and Fear,” The New York Times, (May 21, 2001).
Lai, Mark Wenyi, “Has the U.S.-China-Taiwan Relationship Changed?” Taiwan Insight, nged/> (September 17, 2018).
Lawrence, Susan V., “President Regan’s Six Assurances to Taiwan,” Congressional Research Service, (October 8, 2020).
“Major Arm Sales,” Defense Security Cooperation Agency, .
“MOFA sincerely welcomes visit of prominent US Congressional delegation led by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), (August 2, 2022).
“Minister Wei Leads Taiwan’s Delegation to UNFCCC COP 21,” Environmental Protection Agency, Executive Yuan, R.O.C (Taiwan), ng/F7AB26007B8FE8DF/597a07e2-1daa-4b2b-a606-9ee29837d5d5> (updated August 24, 2017).
McMaster, H.R., “Exclusive: Why Trump went hard on China,” Politico, usive-how-trump-dramatically-shifted-us-china-policy-492476> (April 15, 2021).
Mazzocco, Ilaria, “Why the New Climate Bill Is Also about Competition with China,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, why-new-climate-bill-also-about-competition-china> (August 25, 2022).
Mearsheimer, John J., The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton,
2001).
Mearsheimer, John J., “The Gathering Strom: China’s Challenge to US Power in Asia,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3, No. 4(Winter 2010), pp. 381-396.
Mearsheimer, John J., “Structural Realism,” in Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki, and Steve. Smith eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, Third Edition (London: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 71-91.
Mearsheimer, John J., “The Inevitable Rivalry: America, China, and the Tragedy of Great-Power Politics, Foreign Affairs, -10-19/inevitable-rivalry-cold-war> (November/December 2021).

Mahbubani, Kishore, Has China Won? The Chinese Challenge to American Primacy (New York: Public Affairs, 2020).
Mazza, Michael, “The National Defense Authorization Act and U.S. Policy Toward Taiwan,” The National Bureau of Asian Research, (June 20, 2018), pp. 8-12.
Mazza, Michael, “Moving towards ‘Normalcy’ in US-Taiwan Relations and Beijing’s Response to Bolton-Lee Meeting,” Global Taiwan Institute, (June 5, 2019).
Mazza, Michael, “US-Taiwan Defense Ties Advance with Senior Official Visit,” Global Taiwan Institute, (December 4, 2019).
Mazza, Michael, “Internationalizing Security in the Taiwan Strait,” Global Taiwan Brief, Global Taiwan Institute, Vol. 6, No. 9(May 5, 2021), pp. 9-12.
Martina, Michael, and Patricia Zengerle, “China angered with U.S.-Taiwan travel bill, adding to tensions,” Reuters, (March 1, 2018).
Mastro, Oriana Skylar, “Biden Says We’ve Got Taiwan Back. But Do We?” The New York Times, (May 27, 2022).
Nathan, Andrew J., “Beijing is Still Playing the Long Game on Taiwan,” Foreign Affairs, (June 23, 2022).

Nichols, Michelle, and Humerya Pamuk, “U.S. cancels U.N. envoy’s trip to Taiwan, citing Biden transition,” Reuters, (January 13, 2021).
Nye, Joseph S., and David A. Welch, Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to Theory and History, 10th Edition (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2017).
“National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” The White House, -12-18-2017-0905.pdf> (December 18, 2017).
“News releases,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), .
O’Keeffe, Kate, “Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar to Visit Taiwan,” The Wall Street Journal, (August 10, 2020).
O’Hanlon, Michael E., “Does the Pentagon report on China’s military correctly judge the threat?” The Brookings Institution, (December 2, 2022).
“Positive Outcomes of the First China-U.S. Comprehensive Economic Dialogue,” Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States of America, (July 21, 2017).
“Passing the Baton 2021: Securing America’s Future Together,” United States Institute of Peace, (January 29, 2021).
Panda, Ankit, “Senior Military Exchanges Between the US and Taiwan: Coming in 2017?” The Diplomat, (December 27, 2016).
Panda, Ankit, “China and South Korea: Examining the Resolution of the THAAD Impasse,” The Diplomat, (November 13, 2017).
Panda, Ankit, “What ARIA Will and Won’t Do for the US in Asia,” The Diplomat, (January 14, 2019).
Panda, Ankit, “Taipei Slams ‘Provocative’ Chinese Air Force Fighters Cross Taiwan Strait Median Line,” The Diplomat, (April 1, 2019).
“President Chen Makes Transit Stop in Alaska,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), (August 21, 2007).
Palmer, James, “How the Chinese Communist Party Plans to Reinforce Its Power,” Foreign Policy China Brief, (March 1, 2023).
“President Tsai and US Preisdent-elect Donald J. Trump engage in phone conversation,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), , (December 3, 2016).
“President Tsai meets Taiwan allies’ permanent representatives to the United Nations at TECO reception,” Office of the Preisdent, Republic of China (Taiwan), (July 12, 2019).
“Preisdent Tsai meets with US Ambassador to UN Kelly Craft via videoconference,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), (January 14, 2021).
“President Tsai meets US House Speaker Kevin McCarthy and bipartisan group of Congress members in California,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), 0of%20April,Library%20in%20Simi%20Valley%2C%20California (April 6, 20
23).
Paletta, Damian, Carol E. Lee, and Andrew Browne, “Trump Spoke with Taiwan President in Break With Decades of U.S. Policy,” The Wall Street Journal, (December 2, 2016).
Penninga-Lin, Christine, “Taiwan’s Hope of Continuing the US-Taiwan Relations Improvement in Biden Presidency,” Taiwan Insight, 2020/12/08/taiwans-hope-of-continuing-the-us-taiwan-relations-improvement
in-biden-presidency/> (December 8, 2020).
Pompeo, Michael R., “Lifting Self-Imposed Restrictions on the U.S.-Taiwan. Relationship,” U.S. Department of State, self-imposed-restrictions-on-the-u-s-taiwan-relationship/index.html> (January 9, 2021).
Pompeo, Michael R., “Determination of the Secretary of State on Atrocities in Xinjiang,” U.S. Department of State, (January 19, 2021).
Price, Ned, “New Guidelines for U.S. Government Interactions with Taiwan Counterparts,” U.S. Department of State, (April 9, 2021).
“Remarks by Ambassador Kelly Craft to Model UN Students in Taiwan (via VTC), United States Mission to the United Nations, (January 14, 2021).
“Remarks by Assistant Secretary Marie Royce at the Dedication Ceremony of AIT’s New Office Complex,” American Institute in Taiwan, marks-by-assistant-secretary-of-state-for-educational-and-cultural-affairs-marie
-royce-at-dedication-ceremony/> (June 12, 2018).
“Remarks by President Barack Obama at Suntory Hall,” The White House of President Barack Obama, (November 14, 2009).
Remarks by President Obama at the University of Queensland,” The White House of President Barack Obama, (November
15, 2014).
“Readout of President Biden’s Virtual Meeting with President Xi Jinping of the People’s Republic of China,” The White House, readout-of-president-bidens-virtual-meeting-with-president-xi-jinping-of-the-peoples-republic-of china/> (November 16, 2021).
Robbie, Gramer, and Christina Lu, “Washington’s Hawks Take Flight,” Foreign Policy, (February 15, 2023).
Rogin, Josh, “China threatens U.S. Congress for crossing its ‘red line’ on Taiwan,” The Washington Post, (October 12, 2017).
Rudd, Kevin, The Avoidable War: The Dangers of a Catastrophic Conflict between the US and Xi Jinping’s China (New York: PublicAffairs, 2022).
Ronkin, Noa, “White House Top Asia Policy Officials Discuss U.S. China Strategy at APARC’s Oksenberg Conference,” Shorenstein APARC Newsroom, s-us-china-strategy-aparc%E2%80%99s-oksenberg-conference> (May 27, 2021).
Rigger, Shelley, “Taiwan in the U.S.-China Relations,” in David Shambaugh ed., Tangled Titans: The United States and China (Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2013), pp. 293-314.
“S.812 – A bill to direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes.” U.S. Congress, .
“S.1605 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022,” U.S. Congress, .
“S.1678 – Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) ACT of 2019,” U.S. Congress, .
“S.1790 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020,” U.S. Congress, .

“S.2736 – Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018,” U.S. Congress, .
“S.4428 – Taiwan Policy Act of 2022,” U.S. Congress, .
“Statement by Secretary of State Michael R. Pompei on Taiwan’s Election,” American Institute in Taiwan, (January 11, 2020).
“Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America,” U.S. Department of Defense, s/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf> (January 19, 2018).
Swanson, Ana, “Biden on ‘Short Leash’ as Administration Rethinks China Relations,”
The New York Times, /biden-china.html> (March 26, 2021).
Sacks, David, “What Biden’s Big Shift on Taiwan Means,” Council on Foreign Relations, (May 24, 2022).
Sliver, Laura, Kat Devlin, and Christine Huang, “Unfavorable Views of China Reach Historic Highs in Many Countries,” Pew Research Center, (October 6, 2020).
Sutter, Robert, “Bush Administration Policy Toward Beijing and Taipei,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, No. 36(2003), pp. 477-492.
Sutter, Robert, “Congress Is More Important Than Ever in US China Policy,” The Diplomat, (January 11, 2021).
Strong, Matthew, “Taiwan and U.S. National Security chiefs meet for first time since 1979,” Taiwan News, (May 25, 2019).
Smith, Matthew, “Why do people in Asia-Pacific want to win the US presidential election? YouGov, 15/who-do-people-asia-pacific-want-win-us-presidentia> (October 15, 2020).
Schnell, Mychael, “House easily passes resolution to create bipartisan China select committee,” The Hill, . (January 10, 2023).
Snyder, Scott A., “China’s Limited Retaliation Options Against the THAAD Deployment in South Korea,” Council on Foreign Relations, oyment-south-korea> (August 8, 2016).
Shattuck, Thomas J., “The Taiwan Travel Act: Only as Important as Trump Makes It,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, (March 19, 2018).
Shattuck, Thomas J., “The Race to Zero?: China’s Poaching of Taiwan’s Diplomatic Allies,” Orbis, Vol. 64, No. 2(2020), pp. 334-352.
Shushen, Wang, “Adjustments in U.S. Arms Sales Policy toward Taiwan: Characteristics, Trends, and Implications,” Interpret: China, Center for Strategic and International Studies, (January 11, 2022).

“The Administration’s Approach to the People’s Republic of China,” U.S. Department of State, (May 26, 2022).
“Trump’s 4-year effort to contain China was unwise, unrealistic: Global Times editorial,” Global Times, (January 20, 2021).
Taylor, Adam, “Biden delivered straight talk on Taiwan — contradicting a deliberately ambiguous U.S. policy. Did he misspeak?” The Washington Post, (October 22, 2021).
Townshend, Ashley, “The AUKUS Submarine Deal Highlights a Tectonic Shift in the U.S.-Australia Alliance,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, (March 27, 2023).
Tawei Lee, David, The Making of the Taiwan Relations Act: Twenty Years in Retrospect (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
The World Bank, “World Bank Open Data,” https://data.worldbank.org/.
The Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96-8, 22 U.S.C 3301 et seq.), American Institute
in Taiwan, (March 30, 2022).
“Taiwan-U.S. Relations,” Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in the United States, (TECRO), .
“US government officially notifies Taiwan of latest arms sale,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), n=1328&s=99804> (March 2, 2023).
“U.S.-PRC Joint Communique (1972),” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 30, 2022).
“U.S.-PRC Joint Communique (1979),” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 31, 2022).
“U.S.-PRC Joint Communique (1982),” American Institute in Taiwan, .
“U.S. Relations With Taiwan,” U.S. Department of State, (May 28, 2022).
“United States Strategic Approach to the People’s Republic of China,” The White House, (Ma 26, 2020).
Virella, Annabel, “20 Years Later: Reevaluating the Taiwan Policy Review,” Project 2049 Institute, (April 3, 2017).
“Vice President Mike Pence’s Remarks on the Administration’s Policy Towards China,” Hudson Institute, (October 4, 2018).
Wees, Gerrit Von der, “Prospects for Preisdent Tsai Ing-Wen’s Second Term,” Taiwan Insight, (June 3, 2020).
“White Papers,” Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China, .
Wu, Charles Chong-Han, “The End of Washington’s Strategic Ambiguity? The Debate over U.S. Policy toward Taiwan,” The China Review, Vol. 21, No. 2(May 2021), pp. 177-202.
Wu, Charles Chong-Han and Yi-Tzu Lin, “Income Inequality and the Allocation of China’s Foreign Aid,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 57, No. 6 (September 2022), pp. 1-21.
Wu, Charles Chong-Han, “The Taiwan Policy Act and the Future of U.S.-Taiwan Relations,” Stimson Center, (December 13, 2022).
Wong, Edward, Keith Bradsher, and Alan Rappeport, “Biden High-Level Diplomacy Can Cool Fiery Relations With China,” The New York Times, smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare> (July 10, 2023).
Wees, Gerrit van der, “The Taiwan Travel Act in Context,” The Diplomat, diplomat.com/2018/03/the-taiwan-travel-act-in-context/> (March 19, 2018).
Wees, Gerrit van der, “Did Biden’s Taiwan Remarks Represents a US Policy Change? The Diplomat, (August 24, 2021).
Wang, Joyu, “Taiwan Foreign Minister Held High-Level Meeting in Washington,” The Wall Street Journal, (February 23, 2023).
Waltz, Kenneth N., “The Stability of a Bipolar World,” Daedalus, Vol. 93, No. 3(Summer 1964), pp. 881-909.
Waltz, Kenneth N., Theory of International Politics (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1979).
Walt, Stephen M., “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power,” International Security, Vol. 9, No. 4(Spring 1985), pp. 3-43.
Walt, Stephen M., The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987).
Wang, T.Y., “Strategic Ambiguity or Strategic Clarity? US Policy Towards the Taiwan Issue,” Taiwan Insight, (June 7, 2021).
Wilkins, Thomas S., “‘Alignment’, not ‘alliance’ – the shifting paradigm of international security cooperation: toward a conceptual taxonomy of alignment,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 38, No.1(January 2012), pp. 53-76.
Wang, Vincent Wei-cheng, and Jacques deLisle, “U.S.-Taiwan relations: continuity and change in a triangular dynamic,” in June Teufel Dreyer and Jacques deLise eds., Taiwan in the Era of Tsai Ing-Wen: Changes and Challenges (London: Routledge, 2021), pp. 161-207.
Wang, Vincent Wei-Cheng, “The Taiwan Relations Act at 40: New Dynamics of an Enduring Framework,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, /article/2019/04/the-taiwan-relations-act-at-40-new-dynamics-of-an-enduring-fr
amework> (April 8, 2019).
Wang, Yanan, “China will ‘never seek hegemony,” Associated Press News, (Decembe
r 18, 2018).
Yates, Stephen J., “Executive Summary: The Taiwan Relations Act After 20 Years: Keys to Past and Future Success,” The Heritage Foundation, (April 16, 1999).
Zhongqi, Pan, “US Taiwan Policy of Strategic Ambiguity: a dilemma of deterrence,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, No. 35(2003), pp. 387-407.
Zakaria, Tabassum, “U.S. intelligence sees Asia’s global power rising by 2030,” Reuters, EE8B909120121210> (December 10, 2012).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
109253004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳崇涵zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Chong-Hanen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 周德義zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Zhou, De-Yien_US
dc.creator (作者) 周德義zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Zhou, De-Yien_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-九月-2023 15:31:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-九月-2023 15:31:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-九月-2023 15:31:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0109253004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147062-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109253004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由美國第96屆國會於44年前所制定的《臺灣關係法》，已成為華盛頓在承認北京下維持與臺北非官方但實質性關係的基石。自1979以來，《臺灣關係法》的模糊框架整體上確保了臺灣海峽的和平穩定，並使華盛頓的兩岸政策產生「雙重嚇阻」之效果。

然而，《臺灣關係法》在今日正面臨重大挑戰。在華盛頓與北京陷入「修昔底德陷阱」的結構性長期競爭下，美國對臺政策在川普總統任內進入新階段，並延續至拜登於2021年上任後。臺美關係雖在拜登政府任內穩健前進，呈現高度的連續性，但事實更令人費解。一方面，拜登政府繼續維護《臺灣關係法》的框架，透過對臺軍售、臺美高層互訪、支持臺灣維護和擴展國際空間等方式。另一方面，無論拜登的口頭承諾是故意還是失態，他一再表示如果北京武力犯臺，美國將以軍事手段保衛臺灣，這似乎與《臺灣關係法》的精神相悖。

為何在川普擔任總統期間，美國大幅增強與臺灣的雙邊關係？與歷任美國政府相比，川普政府如何實踐《臺灣關係法》與臺灣交往？這對執政約兩年半的拜登政府意味著什麼？拜登的對臺政策與川普政府有何不同？

本文透過質型研究方法說明三個主要發現。首現，川普政府之所以大幅提升與臺灣的關係，是華盛頓圍堵由習近平領導的中國所構成之威脅的理性外交政策手段之一。 其次，川普政府在謹慎的基礎上比其前任更彈性地運用《臺灣關係法》，且由國會制定的與臺灣有關之法案可被視為對《臺灣關係法》模糊措辭的實質性補充。
最後，拜登政府截至目前在很多層面延續川普的做法，但其已把《臺灣關係法》 的安全條文解釋到最大限度，特別是在處理華盛頓長年履行的「戰略模糊」上。拜登亦在其以多邊為導向的圍堵中國政策下，把可能發生的兩岸衝突國際化。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Crafted by the 96th U.S. Congress forty-four years ago, the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) has served as the cornerstone for Washington’s maintenance of its unofficial yet substantive relations with Taipei despite recognizing Beijing. The ambiguous framework of the TRA has generally ensured peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait since 1979 and created the effect of “dual deterrence” for Washington’s cross-Strait policy.

Yet, the TRA is facing major challenges today. Under the tectonic long-term competition in which Washington and Beijing have fallen into the “Thucydides’s Trap,” the U.S. policy toward Taiwan entered a new phase during President Donald Trump’s one-term presidency, which has continued since Joe Biden took office in 2021. Although U.S.-Taiwan relations during the Biden administration will progress steadily and show a high degree of continuity, the facts are even more puzzling. On the one hand, the Biden administration has continued to uphold the framework of the TRA by selling arms to Taiwan, exchanging high-level officials visits between the two sides, and supporting Taiwan to safeguard and expand its international space. On the other hand, whether his oral pledges are deliberate or gaffe, Biden has repeatedly stated that if Beijing uses force to invade Taiwan, the U.S. will defend Taiwan militarily, which seems to contradict the spirit of the TRA.

Why did the U.S. significantly increase its relations with Taiwan during Trump’s presidency? How did the Trump administration practice the TRA to engage with Taiwan compared to previous U.S. administrations? What does this mean for the Biden administration, which has been in power for about two and a half years? How is Biden’s Taiwan policy different from Trump’s administration?

This study indicates three main findings through the qualitative methodology. First, the reason why the Trump administration greatly deepened ties with Taiwan, is one of the rational foreign policy means for Washington to contain the threat posed by Xi’s China. Second, the Trump administration has been more elastic in its use of the TRA than its predecessors on a prudent basis, and the Taiwan-related legislations crafted by Congress can be seen as substantive supplements to the TRA’s obscure wording.

Third, the Biden administration has so far continued the practice of Trump’s in many respects, yet it has interpreted the TRA’s security wording into its maximum magnitude, in particular the handling of Washington’s longstanding “strategic ambiguity.” Biden has also internationalized the conceivable cross-Strait conflict under his multilateral-oriented containment policy on China.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter I. Introduction 1
1. Research Background and Research Questions 1
2. Literature Review 5
2.1 Conceptualization of the Essence of the TRA: Ambiguity Leads to Flexibility 5
2.2 The Role of the TRA’s Dual Deterrence in the cross-Strait Relations 11
2.3 TRA’s Intrinsic Constraint 13
2.4 Structural Changes of the U.S.-China Relations: Perspectives from the Neorealism and Balance of Threat Theory 14
2.5 Summary 26
3. Research Design 28
3.1 Data Collection 29
3.2 Research Limitations 29

Chapter II. Trump’s Taiwan Policy 31
1. A More Symbolic U.S.-Taiwan Unofficial Relations 31
1.1 The Enactment and the Implementation of the Taiwan Travel Act 32
1.2 President Tsai Ing-Wen’s Stopovers in the U.S. 39
2. U.S.-Taiwan Security Relations under a More Assertive China 42
2.1 Security-Related Legislations 43
2.2 Major Arms Sales to Taiwan 47
3. Trump’s Polices on Taiwan’s International Space 51
3.1 China’s Isolation on Taiwan’s International Space during the Tsai Administration 51
3.2 Implications of the TAIPEI Act of 2019 and Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020 54
4. Summary 58

Chapter III. Implications for Biden Administration 60
1. The Biden Administration’s China Policy and Balance of Threat Theory 60
2. Continuity and Nuanced Differences between Biden’s Taiwan Policy and Trump’s 66
3. Summary 73

Chapter IV. Conclusion 75
1. Findings and Policy Implications 75
References 80		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1289845 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺灣關係法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 戰略模糊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙重嚇阻zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 戰略清晰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 川普政府zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拜登政府zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美中競爭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 威脅平衡論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Taiwan Relations Acten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Strategic Ambiguityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dual Deterrenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Strategic Clarityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Trump Administrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Biden Administrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) U.S.-China Rivalryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Balance of Threat Theoryen_US
dc.title (題名) 美國如何實踐《臺灣關係法》？ 川普政府的實踐與對拜登政府的意涵zh_TW
dc.title (題名) How Does the United States Practice the Taiwan Relations Act to Engage with Taiwan? The Case Study of the Trump Administration and Its Implications for the Biden Administrationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 「2018年3月16日外交部發言人陸慷主持例行記者」 ， 中華人民共和國外交部， (2018年3月16日)。
「外交部宣布「北美事務協調委員會」將更名為「台灣美國事務委員會」，象徵台美關係緊密，意義非凡」，中華民國外交部， (2019年5月25日)。
「台灣旅行法對台灣發展路線的啟示」，立法院，。
「總統府針對中國戰機逾越海峽中線之聲明」，中華民國總統府， (2019年3月31日)。
丁樹範，「臺灣旅行法的性質與意義」，戰略安全研析，第149期(2017年1月)，頁56-63。
由冀，「《台灣關係法》和中美台動30年」，收於林碧炤、林正義主編，美中台關係總體檢：《台灣關係法》30年(臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司，2009年)。頁267-286。
李大中，從交往到遏制：美國的印太 (亞太) 戰略與對中政策(新北：韋伯文華國際出版有限公司)。
李大維，台灣關係法立法過程—美國總統與國會間之制衡(臺北：風雲論壇出版社，1996年)。
李本京，七十年中美外交關係評估(臺北：黎明文化事業股份有限公司，1985年)。
吳玉山，「權力轉移理論：悲劇預言？」，收於包宗和主編，國際關係理論(臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2010年)。頁389-415。
吳玉山、傅澤民，「霸權與挑戰：國際關係理論的詮釋」，問題與研究，第62卷第1期(2023年3月)，頁1-45。
周德義，「觀點投書：台灣人都應該知道的國際關係理論」，風傳媒， (2022年3月21日)。
周德義，「二十大後的美中關係 「常理性護欄」的延續或倒塌」，ETtoday雲論， (2022年10月24日)。
周德義，「當前台海局勢的三堂課 運用「避險」與美中共存共榮」，ETtoday雲論， (2023年2月16日)。
林正義，「戰略模糊、戰略明確或雙重明確：美國預防臺海危機的政策辯論」，遠景基金會季刊，第8卷第1期(2017年1月)，頁1-50。
林彥宏，「美日軍艦監控中共航艦南下」，國防安全週報，第75期(2019年11月)，頁21-24。
林政憲、張嘉宏，「美國《國防授權法》影響–探討台灣軍費支出研究」，國防部主計季刊，第61卷第2期(2020)，頁39-52。
洪子傑，「近期共機多架次逾越台海中線之簡析」，國防安全雙週報，第13期(2020年10月)，頁19-25。
侯姿瑩，「李大維會晤波頓 卜睿哲：反映美重視區域穩定」，中央社， (2019年6月6日)。
信強，「美台關係的「守夜人」：美國國會與《台灣關係法》」，收於林碧炤、林正義主編，美中台關係總體檢：《台灣關係法》30年(臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司，2009年)。頁29-49。
美國台灣觀測站，為什麼我們要在意美國？從外交、制度、重大議題全面解析台美關係(新北：聯經出版事業股份有限公司，2021年)。
陳偉華，「美國總統公布對臺軍售的時機選擇：行政部門通知國會審查的分析」，問題與研究，第59卷第3期(2020年9月)，頁81-122。
許智翔，「陸軍軍購與不對稱建軍之思考」，國防安全週報，第56期(2019年7月)，頁33-36。
鄭瑞耀，「搶救權力平衡理論」，收於包宗和主編，國際關係理論(臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2010年)。頁69-83。
蔡東杰，「美國通過系列友臺法案之背景與影響評析」，探索與展望，第16卷第9期(2018年9月)，頁1-7。
劉復國，「台灣推動公民投票對美台關係的影響」，收於林碧炤、林正義主編，美中台關係總體檢：《台灣關係法》30年(臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司，2009年)。頁79-110。
蕭旭岑，八年執政回憶錄，馬英九口述(臺北：天下文化，2018年)。
盧業中，「美國支持臺灣參與國際民航組織之研究」，歐美研究，第45期第3卷(2015年9月) ，頁301-356。
鐘志東，「評析美國《2021財年國防授權法案》之太平洋威懾倡議」，國防安全雙週報，第19期(2020年12月)，頁27-31。
“2021 US-Taiwan Defense Industry Conference,” US-Taiwan Business Council, e/>.
“A conversation with Henry Kissinger,” The Economist, kissinger-transcript> (May 17, 2023).
A Free and Open Indo-Pacific: Advancing a Shared Vision,” Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, (November 3, 2019).
Allison, Graham T., “The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?” The Atlantic, (September 24, 2015).
Allison, Graham T., Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017).
Allison, Graham T., Nathalie Kiersznowski, and Charlotte Fitzek, “The Great Economic Rivalry: China vs the U.S.,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, ublication/great-economic-rivalry-china-vs-us> (March 23, 2022).
“American Institute in Taiwan Chairman James Moriarty Remarks,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, (July 13, 2017).
Blanchard, Ben, and Yimou Lee, “Pentagon’s top China official travels to Taiwan, sources say,” Reuters, > (February 18, 2023).
Blanchard, Ben, and Jess Macy Yu, “China, Taiwan spar over Chinese diplomat’s invasion threat,” Reuters, (December 11, 2017).

Brunnstrom, David, “Trump signs U.S.-Taiwan travel bill, angering China,” Reuters, (March 17, 2018).
Brown, David G., “Governing Taiwan is not easy: President Tsai Ing-wen’s first year,” The Brookings Institution, (May 17, 2017).
Brands, Hal, and Michael Beckley, Danger Zone: The Coming Conflict with China (New York: W.W. Norton, 2022).
Brands, Hal, and John Lewis Gaddis, “The New Cold War: America, China, and the Echoes of History,” Foreign Affairs, (November/December 2021).
Bader, Jaffrey A., “U.S.-China relations: Is it time to end the engagement?” The Brookings Institution, . (September 2018).
Bekkevold, Jo Inge, “Why China Is Not a Superpower,” Foreign Policy, y-geopolitics/> (March 2, 2023).
Blanchette, Jude and Ryan Hass, “The Taiwan Long Game: Why the Best Solution is No Solution,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 102, No. 1(January / February 2023), pp. 102-114.
Bradsher, Keith, “China’s Leader, With Rare Bluntness, Blames U.S. Containment for Troubles,” The New York Times, a/china-us-xi-jinping.html> (March 7, 2023).
Beckley, Michael, “The Power of Nations: Measuring What Matters,” International Security, Vol. 43, No. 2(Fall 2018), pp. 7-44.
Buttigieg, Pete, and Phillip H. Gordon, “Present at the Destruction of U.S. Power and Influence,” Foreign Policy, (July 14, 2020).
Bush, Richard C., At Cross Purposes: U.S.-Taiwan Relations Since 1942 (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2004).
Bush, Richard C., “The United States security partnership with Taiwan,” The Brookings Institution, (July 13, 2016).
Bush, Richard C., A One-China Policy Primer (Washington, DC: Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Brooking Institute, 2017), pp. 1-25.
“Carbis Bay G7 Summit Communiqué,” The White House, rbis-bay-g7-summit-communique/> (June 13, 2021).
“Coons, Gardner Praise Senate Passage of TAIPEI Act,” Office of Senator Chris Coons, e-passage-of-taipei-act>. (October 30, 2019).
Coons, Chris, “Why I Have Hope for Bipartisan Progress on U.S. Foreign Policy,” Foreign Policy, (February 9, 2023).
Campbell, Kurt M., and Derek J. Mitchell, “Crisis in the Taiwan Strait?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 4 (July / August 2001), pp. 14-25.
“Chairman Menendez Announces Historic Inclusion of Taiwan Legislation in Annual Defense Bill,” United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations,
nces-historic-inclusion-of-taiwan-legislation-in-annual-defense-bill> (Decembe
r 7, 2022).
“Chinese Power Projection Capabilities in the South China Sea,” CSIS Asia Maritime. Transparency Initiative (AMIT), .
Cordesman, Anthony H., “President Trump`s New National Security Strategy,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, (December 18, 2017).
Chen, Dean P., “An Indispensable Pillar of Obama’s ‘Pivot’ to Asia: Continuing Strategic Ambiguity across the Taiwan Strait,” in Peter C. Y. Chow ed., The US Strategic Pivot to Asia and Cross-Strait Relations: Economic and Security Dynamics (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 31-54.
Chen, Dean P., “The Trump Administration’s One-China Policy: Tilting toward Taiwan in an Era of U.S.-PRC Rivalry,” Asian Politics & Policy, Vol. 11, no. 2(2019), pp. 250-278.
Chen, Dean P., “No, Biden Hasn’t Abandoned Strategic Ambiguity on Taiwan,” The National Interest, 99t-abandoned-strategic-ambiguity-taiwan-202638> (May 27, 2022).
Campbell, Kurt M., and Jake Sullivan, “Competition Without Catastrophe: How America Can Both Challenge and Coexist With China,” Foreign Affairs, (September/October 2019).
Chang-Liao, Nien-chung and Chi Fang, “The Case for Maintaining Strategic Ambiguity in the Taiwan Strait,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 2 (2021), pp. 45-60.
Chen, Ping-Kuei, “The Prospects of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia: Managing from the Hub,” Issues & Studies, Vol. 53, No. 3(2020), pp. 1-26.
Cha, Victor D., Powerplay: The origins of the American alliance system in Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016).
Cooper, Zack, “The Fourth Taiwan Strait Slip-Up,” American Enterprise Institute, (September 19, 2022).
“China’s Xi pledges peace, opening-up in first meeting with foreigners,” Consulate General of the People’s Republic of China in New York, (December 6, 2012).
“Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Alex Wong to Taiwan March 20-22, 2018,” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 20, 2018).
“Declassified Cables: Taiwan Arms Sales & Six Assurances (1982),” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 30, 2022).
Davis, Bob, and Lingling Wei, Superpower Showdown: How the Battle Between Trump and Xi Threatens a New Cold War (New York: Harper Collins, 2020).
Davis, Christopher M., “Sense of” Resolutions and Provisions (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2019), pp. 1-3.
DeLisle, Jacques, “Taiwan’s Quest for International Space: Ma’s Legacy, Tsai’s Options, China’s Choices, and U.S. Policy,” Orbis, Vol. 60, No. 4(Fall 2016), pp. 550-574.
DeLisle, Jacques, “United States-Taiwan Relations: Tsai’s Presidency and Washington’s Policy, China Review, Vol. 18, No.3, Special Issue: Washington-Taipei Relations at a Crossroads (August 2018), pp. 13-60.
DeLisle, Jacques, and Avery Goldstein, “Rivalry and Security in a New Era for US-China Relations,” in Jacques deLisle and Avery Goldstein eds., After Engagement: Dilemmas in U.S.-China Security Relations (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2021), pp. 1-49.
Dreyer, June Teufel, “Thoughts on the Past, Present, and Future of the Taiwan Relations Act, Foreign Policy Research Institute, oughts-on-the-past-present-and-future-of-the-taiwan-relations-act/> (April 8, 2019).
Devlin, Kat, Laura Silver, and Christine Huang, “U.S. Views of China Increasingly. Negative Amid Coronavirus Outbreak,” Pew Research Center, gly-negative-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/> (April 21, 2020).
Danielsson, Lotta, “Countering Chinese Military Modernization: A Path Forward for Taiwan and the United States,” Taiwan Insight, on-a-path-forward-for-taiwan-and-the-united-states/> (January 24, 2019).
“DOD Releases Indo-Pacific Strategy Report,” U.S. Department of Defense, (May 31, 2019).
Doshi, Rush, The Long Game: China’s Grand Strategy to Displace American Order (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021).
Economy, Elizabeth, “Changing course on China,” Current History, Vol. 102, No. 665(September 2003), pp. 243-249.
Everington, Keoni, “US Senate defense bill calls for Taiwan’s participation in RIMPAC exercises.” Taiwan News, (July 24, 2020).
Everington, Keoin, “US says war with Taiwan is not China`s ‘internal matter’,” Taiwan News, (February 24, 2023).
“Farewell Address of Donald J. Trump, 45th President of the United States of America,” Trump White House, .
“FACT SHEET: CHIPS and Science Act Will Lower Costs, Create Jobs, Strengthen Supply Chains, and Counter China,” The White House, fact-sheet-chips-and-science-act-will-lower-costs-create-jobs-strengthen-suppl
y-chains-and-counter-china/> (August 9, 2022).
“FACE SHEET: The Biden-Harris Administration’s National Security Strategy,” The White House, y-strategy/> (October 12, 2022).
“Gallagher Joins 36 House Republicans in Introducing Taiwan Policy Act,” Office of Congressman Mike Gallagher, (September 28, 2022).
“G7 Hiroshima Leaders’ Communiqué,” The White House, -hiroshima-leaders-communique/> (May 20, 2023).
Glaser, Bonnie S., Michael J. Mazarr, Michael J. Glennon, Richard Hass, and David Sacks, “Dire Strait: Should American Support for Taiwan Be Ambiguous,” Foreign Affairs, (September 24, 2020).
Gao, Charlotte, “Trump’s National Security Strategy Faces Severe Backlash in China,” The Diplomat, (December 20, 2017).
Grossman, Derek, “Secretary Azar’s Taiwan Visit Should Be Celebrated—for the Right Reasons,” RAND Corporation, (August 21, 2020).
Grothusen, Hannah, “How Biden is Building on Trump’s Legacy in Taiwan,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, (August 20, 2021).
Greenert, Jonathan W., “Strengthening U.S-Taiwan Defense Relations,” The National Bureau of Asian Research, (June 20, 2018), pp. 1-2.
Gold, Martin B., A Legislative History of the Taiwan Relations Act (Maryland: Lexington Books, 2017).
Green, Michael J., Richard C. Bush, and Bonnie S. Glaser, Toward a Stronger U.S.-Taiwan Relationship (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic International Studies, October 2020), pp. 1-53.
H.R.1838 – Taiwan Security Enhancement Act,” U.S. Congress, .
H.R.2002 – Taiwan Assurance Act of 2019,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.133 – Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021,” U.S. Congress, .

“H.R.535 – Taiwan Travel Act,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.2617 – Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R. 2810 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R. 5515 – John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.6395 – William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021,” U.S. Congress, .
“H.R.7776 – James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023,” U.S. Congress, .
“Hearing to Consider the Anticipated Nomination of the Honorable Janet L. Yellen to Secretary of the Treasury,” United States Senate Committee on Finance, on-of-to-be-the-honorable-janet-l-yellen-to-secretary-of-the-treasury> (January
19, 2021).
Horton, Chris, “Don’t call It an Embassy: U.S. Gives Its Taiwan Ties a $250 Million Upgrade,” The New York Times, a/china-trump-bolton-taiwan.html> (May 31, 2018).
Hutzler, Charles, Joyu Wang, and James T. Areddy, “Biden’s Pledge to defend Taiwan Chips Away at Longstanding U.S. Policy,” The Wall Street Journal, (September 23, 2022).
Hickey, Dennis V., “The Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1996: implications for US security policy,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 7, No. 19(1998), pp. 405-419.
Hickey, Dennis V., “The Taiwan Relations Act: A Mid-life Crisis at 35?” The Woodrow Wilson Center Asia Program: Policy Brief Series Taiwan Relations Act, sis-35> (March 2014), pp. 1-7.
Hickey, Dennis V., “The Inconvenient Truce Behind Tsai Ing-Wen’s Diplomatic Troubles,” China-US Focus, (Augu
st 28, 2018).
Huang, Eric Yu-Chua, “Taiwan’s opportunities and risks during the post-Trump, new. Biden era,” The Brookings Institution, (December 14, 2020).
Hernández, Javier C., “Latest Clash Between China and Taiwan: A Fistfight in Fiji,” The New York Times, (October 19, 2020).
Huang, Kwei-Bo, “Taiwan’s Foreign Policy and International Space,” in Gunter Schubert ed., Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Taiwan (London: Routledge, 2016, pp. 465-481.
Huang, Kwei-Bo, “The United States and Cross-Taiwan Strait Relations after 1979,” Asian Journal of International Studies, Vol. 24, No.1(June 2019), pp. 21-35.

His-min, Lee, and Eric Lee, “Taiwan’s Overall Defense Concept, Explained,” The Diplomat, (Novermber 3, 2020).
Hass, Ryan, “A case for optimism on US-Taiwan relations,” The Brookings Institution, (November 30, 2020).
Hass, Ryan, “An American perspective on the role of Taiwan in US-China relations,” Policy Brief, The Brookings Institution, -american-perspective-on-the-role-of-taiwan-in-us-china-relations/> (July 2022).
Hsiao, Russell, “Preisdent Biden and Incremental Clarity on US Commitment to Taiwan’s Defense,” Global Taiwan Brief, Global Taiwan Institute, Vol. 7, No.11 (June 1, 2022).
Haass, Richard, and David Sacks, “American Support for Taiwan Must Be Unambiguous,” Foreign Affairs, -states/american-support-taiwan-must-be-unambiguous> (September 2, 2020).
Hu, Weixing, “Trump’s China Policy and Its Implications for the ‘Cold Peace’ across the Taiwan Strait,” The China Review, Vol. 18, No.3 (August 2018), pp. 61-88.
Hayashi, Yuka, and Vivian Salama, “Japan, Netherlands Agree to Limit Exports of Chip-Making Equipment to China,” The Wall Street Journal, . (January 28, 2023).
“Instances of China’s Interference with Taiwan’s International Presence,” Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), =1510>.
“Inauguration of the 15th-term President and Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Office of the Preisdent, Republic of China (Taiwan), (May 20, 2020).
Jarvis, Robert, Perception and Misperception in International Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976).
Kahn, Lauren, “The AUKUS Alliance Has a Lot More to Offer Than Submarines,” Council on Foreign Relations, (March 27, 2023).
Kelly, Laura, and Rebecca Beitsch, “House panel lays out ‘existential struggle’ with
China in primetime debut,” The Hill, 516-house-panel-lays-out-existential-struggle-with-china-in-primetime-debut/> (February 28, 2023).
Kau, Michael Y.m., “U.S. Visit Fits the Realities of Taiwan,” The New York Times, (June 10, 1995).
Kuo, Raymond, “‘Strategic Ambiguity’ May Have the U.S. and Taiwan Trapped,” Foreign Policy, (January 18, 2023).
Kastner, Scott L., “Ambiguity, Economic Interdependence, and the US Strategic Dilemma in the Taiwan Strait,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 15, No. 49 (2006), pp. 651-669.
Kastner, Scott L., “Better Than Ever? Assessing the Current US-Taiwan Relationship,” Taiwan Insight, (April 20, 2020).
Shirley Kan, Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales since 1990 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2014).
Kan, Shirley, “What Next After the Taiwan Travel Act?” Taiwan Insight, -travel-act/> (April 19, 2018).
Kan, Shirley, “Congressional Support for Taiwan’s Defense Through the National Defense Authorization Act, The National Bureau of Asian Research, undtable_may2018.pdf> (June 20, 2018), pp. 5-6.
Kan, Shirley, “Regan’s Memo and its Prequel on Arms Sales to Taiwan, Global Taiwan Institute, (October 9, 2019).
Kim, Woosang, and Scott Gates, “Power transition theory and the rise of China,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3(2015), pp. 219-226.
Knno-Younges, Zolan and Peter Baker, “Biden Pledges to Defend Taiwan if It Faces a
Chinese Attack,” The New York Times, ld/asia/biden-taiwan-china.html> (May 23, 2022).
Lin, Bonny, Brian Hart, Smanantha Lu, Hannah Price, and Matthew Slade, “Putting Taiwan Preisdent Tsai Ing-wen’s U.S. Transit in Context,” ChinaPower Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies, an-president-tsai-ing-wen-transit-united-states/> (April 11, 2023).
Lynch, Daniel, “Playing the Taiwan Card: Trump Is Needlessly Provoking China,” Foreign Affairs, (March 19, 2018).

Lopez, C. Todd, “DOD Releases National Defense Strategy, Missile Defense, Nuclear Posture Reviews,” U.S. Department of Defense, (October 27, 2022).
Lederer, Edith M., “US envoy to United Nations meets with Taiwan official in NY,” The Associated Press, ae9f12efc5> (September 18, 2020).
Lin, Hsiao-Ting, “U.S.-Taiwan Military Diplomacy Revisited: Chiang Kai-shek, Baituan, and the 1954 Mutual Defense Pact,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 37, No.5 (November 2013), pp. 971-994.
Landler, Mark, “Taiwan Chief Heads to U.S., Stirring Both Pride and Fear,” The New York Times, (May 21, 2001).
Lai, Mark Wenyi, “Has the U.S.-China-Taiwan Relationship Changed?” Taiwan Insight, nged/> (September 17, 2018).
Lawrence, Susan V., “President Regan’s Six Assurances to Taiwan,” Congressional Research Service, (October 8, 2020).
“Major Arm Sales,” Defense Security Cooperation Agency, .
“MOFA sincerely welcomes visit of prominent US Congressional delegation led by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), (August 2, 2022).
“Minister Wei Leads Taiwan’s Delegation to UNFCCC COP 21,” Environmental Protection Agency, Executive Yuan, R.O.C (Taiwan), ng/F7AB26007B8FE8DF/597a07e2-1daa-4b2b-a606-9ee29837d5d5> (updated August 24, 2017).
McMaster, H.R., “Exclusive: Why Trump went hard on China,” Politico, usive-how-trump-dramatically-shifted-us-china-policy-492476> (April 15, 2021).
Mazzocco, Ilaria, “Why the New Climate Bill Is Also about Competition with China,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, why-new-climate-bill-also-about-competition-china> (August 25, 2022).
Mearsheimer, John J., The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton,
2001).
Mearsheimer, John J., “The Gathering Strom: China’s Challenge to US Power in Asia,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3, No. 4(Winter 2010), pp. 381-396.
Mearsheimer, John J., “Structural Realism,” in Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki, and Steve. Smith eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, Third Edition (London: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 71-91.
Mearsheimer, John J., “The Inevitable Rivalry: America, China, and the Tragedy of Great-Power Politics, Foreign Affairs, -10-19/inevitable-rivalry-cold-war> (November/December 2021).

Mahbubani, Kishore, Has China Won? The Chinese Challenge to American Primacy (New York: Public Affairs, 2020).
Mazza, Michael, “The National Defense Authorization Act and U.S. Policy Toward Taiwan,” The National Bureau of Asian Research, (June 20, 2018), pp. 8-12.
Mazza, Michael, “Moving towards ‘Normalcy’ in US-Taiwan Relations and Beijing’s Response to Bolton-Lee Meeting,” Global Taiwan Institute, (June 5, 2019).
Mazza, Michael, “US-Taiwan Defense Ties Advance with Senior Official Visit,” Global Taiwan Institute, (December 4, 2019).
Mazza, Michael, “Internationalizing Security in the Taiwan Strait,” Global Taiwan Brief, Global Taiwan Institute, Vol. 6, No. 9(May 5, 2021), pp. 9-12.
Martina, Michael, and Patricia Zengerle, “China angered with U.S.-Taiwan travel bill, adding to tensions,” Reuters, (March 1, 2018).
Mastro, Oriana Skylar, “Biden Says We’ve Got Taiwan Back. But Do We?” The New York Times, (May 27, 2022).
Nathan, Andrew J., “Beijing is Still Playing the Long Game on Taiwan,” Foreign Affairs, (June 23, 2022).

Nichols, Michelle, and Humerya Pamuk, “U.S. cancels U.N. envoy’s trip to Taiwan, citing Biden transition,” Reuters, (January 13, 2021).
Nye, Joseph S., and David A. Welch, Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to Theory and History, 10th Edition (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2017).
“National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” The White House, -12-18-2017-0905.pdf> (December 18, 2017).
“News releases,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), .
O’Keeffe, Kate, “Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar to Visit Taiwan,” The Wall Street Journal, (August 10, 2020).
O’Hanlon, Michael E., “Does the Pentagon report on China’s military correctly judge the threat?” The Brookings Institution, (December 2, 2022).
“Positive Outcomes of the First China-U.S. Comprehensive Economic Dialogue,” Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States of America, (July 21, 2017).
“Passing the Baton 2021: Securing America’s Future Together,” United States Institute of Peace, (January 29, 2021).
Panda, Ankit, “Senior Military Exchanges Between the US and Taiwan: Coming in 2017?” The Diplomat, (December 27, 2016).
Panda, Ankit, “China and South Korea: Examining the Resolution of the THAAD Impasse,” The Diplomat, (November 13, 2017).
Panda, Ankit, “What ARIA Will and Won’t Do for the US in Asia,” The Diplomat, (January 14, 2019).
Panda, Ankit, “Taipei Slams ‘Provocative’ Chinese Air Force Fighters Cross Taiwan Strait Median Line,” The Diplomat, (April 1, 2019).
“President Chen Makes Transit Stop in Alaska,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), (August 21, 2007).
Palmer, James, “How the Chinese Communist Party Plans to Reinforce Its Power,” Foreign Policy China Brief, (March 1, 2023).
“President Tsai and US Preisdent-elect Donald J. Trump engage in phone conversation,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), , (December 3, 2016).
“President Tsai meets Taiwan allies’ permanent representatives to the United Nations at TECO reception,” Office of the Preisdent, Republic of China (Taiwan), (July 12, 2019).
“Preisdent Tsai meets with US Ambassador to UN Kelly Craft via videoconference,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), (January 14, 2021).
“President Tsai meets US House Speaker Kevin McCarthy and bipartisan group of Congress members in California,” Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), 0of%20April,Library%20in%20Simi%20Valley%2C%20California (April 6, 20
23).
Paletta, Damian, Carol E. Lee, and Andrew Browne, “Trump Spoke with Taiwan President in Break With Decades of U.S. Policy,” The Wall Street Journal, (December 2, 2016).
Penninga-Lin, Christine, “Taiwan’s Hope of Continuing the US-Taiwan Relations Improvement in Biden Presidency,” Taiwan Insight, 2020/12/08/taiwans-hope-of-continuing-the-us-taiwan-relations-improvement
in-biden-presidency/> (December 8, 2020).
Pompeo, Michael R., “Lifting Self-Imposed Restrictions on the U.S.-Taiwan. Relationship,” U.S. Department of State, self-imposed-restrictions-on-the-u-s-taiwan-relationship/index.html> (January 9, 2021).
Pompeo, Michael R., “Determination of the Secretary of State on Atrocities in Xinjiang,” U.S. Department of State, (January 19, 2021).
Price, Ned, “New Guidelines for U.S. Government Interactions with Taiwan Counterparts,” U.S. Department of State, (April 9, 2021).
“Remarks by Ambassador Kelly Craft to Model UN Students in Taiwan (via VTC), United States Mission to the United Nations, (January 14, 2021).
“Remarks by Assistant Secretary Marie Royce at the Dedication Ceremony of AIT’s New Office Complex,” American Institute in Taiwan, marks-by-assistant-secretary-of-state-for-educational-and-cultural-affairs-marie
-royce-at-dedication-ceremony/> (June 12, 2018).
“Remarks by President Barack Obama at Suntory Hall,” The White House of President Barack Obama, (November 14, 2009).
Remarks by President Obama at the University of Queensland,” The White House of President Barack Obama, (November
15, 2014).
“Readout of President Biden’s Virtual Meeting with President Xi Jinping of the People’s Republic of China,” The White House, readout-of-president-bidens-virtual-meeting-with-president-xi-jinping-of-the-peoples-republic-of china/> (November 16, 2021).
Robbie, Gramer, and Christina Lu, “Washington’s Hawks Take Flight,” Foreign Policy, (February 15, 2023).
Rogin, Josh, “China threatens U.S. Congress for crossing its ‘red line’ on Taiwan,” The Washington Post, (October 12, 2017).
Rudd, Kevin, The Avoidable War: The Dangers of a Catastrophic Conflict between the US and Xi Jinping’s China (New York: PublicAffairs, 2022).
Ronkin, Noa, “White House Top Asia Policy Officials Discuss U.S. China Strategy at APARC’s Oksenberg Conference,” Shorenstein APARC Newsroom, s-us-china-strategy-aparc%E2%80%99s-oksenberg-conference> (May 27, 2021).
Rigger, Shelley, “Taiwan in the U.S.-China Relations,” in David Shambaugh ed., Tangled Titans: The United States and China (Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2013), pp. 293-314.
“S.812 – A bill to direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes.” U.S. Congress, .
“S.1605 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022,” U.S. Congress, .
“S.1678 – Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) ACT of 2019,” U.S. Congress, .
“S.1790 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020,” U.S. Congress, .

“S.2736 – Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018,” U.S. Congress, .
“S.4428 – Taiwan Policy Act of 2022,” U.S. Congress, .
“Statement by Secretary of State Michael R. Pompei on Taiwan’s Election,” American Institute in Taiwan, (January 11, 2020).
“Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America,” U.S. Department of Defense, s/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf> (January 19, 2018).
Swanson, Ana, “Biden on ‘Short Leash’ as Administration Rethinks China Relations,”
The New York Times, /biden-china.html> (March 26, 2021).
Sacks, David, “What Biden’s Big Shift on Taiwan Means,” Council on Foreign Relations, (May 24, 2022).
Sliver, Laura, Kat Devlin, and Christine Huang, “Unfavorable Views of China Reach Historic Highs in Many Countries,” Pew Research Center, (October 6, 2020).
Sutter, Robert, “Bush Administration Policy Toward Beijing and Taipei,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, No. 36(2003), pp. 477-492.
Sutter, Robert, “Congress Is More Important Than Ever in US China Policy,” The Diplomat, (January 11, 2021).
Strong, Matthew, “Taiwan and U.S. National Security chiefs meet for first time since 1979,” Taiwan News, (May 25, 2019).
Smith, Matthew, “Why do people in Asia-Pacific want to win the US presidential election? YouGov, 15/who-do-people-asia-pacific-want-win-us-presidentia> (October 15, 2020).
Schnell, Mychael, “House easily passes resolution to create bipartisan China select committee,” The Hill, . (January 10, 2023).
Snyder, Scott A., “China’s Limited Retaliation Options Against the THAAD Deployment in South Korea,” Council on Foreign Relations, oyment-south-korea> (August 8, 2016).
Shattuck, Thomas J., “The Taiwan Travel Act: Only as Important as Trump Makes It,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, (March 19, 2018).
Shattuck, Thomas J., “The Race to Zero?: China’s Poaching of Taiwan’s Diplomatic Allies,” Orbis, Vol. 64, No. 2(2020), pp. 334-352.
Shushen, Wang, “Adjustments in U.S. Arms Sales Policy toward Taiwan: Characteristics, Trends, and Implications,” Interpret: China, Center for Strategic and International Studies, (January 11, 2022).

“The Administration’s Approach to the People’s Republic of China,” U.S. Department of State, (May 26, 2022).
“Trump’s 4-year effort to contain China was unwise, unrealistic: Global Times editorial,” Global Times, (January 20, 2021).
Taylor, Adam, “Biden delivered straight talk on Taiwan — contradicting a deliberately ambiguous U.S. policy. Did he misspeak?” The Washington Post, (October 22, 2021).
Townshend, Ashley, “The AUKUS Submarine Deal Highlights a Tectonic Shift in the U.S.-Australia Alliance,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, (March 27, 2023).
Tawei Lee, David, The Making of the Taiwan Relations Act: Twenty Years in Retrospect (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
The World Bank, “World Bank Open Data,” https://data.worldbank.org/.
The Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96-8, 22 U.S.C 3301 et seq.), American Institute
in Taiwan, (March 30, 2022).
“Taiwan-U.S. Relations,” Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in the United States, (TECRO), .
“US government officially notifies Taiwan of latest arms sale,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), n=1328&s=99804> (March 2, 2023).
“U.S.-PRC Joint Communique (1972),” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 30, 2022).
“U.S.-PRC Joint Communique (1979),” American Institute in Taiwan, (March 31, 2022).
“U.S.-PRC Joint Communique (1982),” American Institute in Taiwan, .
“U.S. Relations With Taiwan,” U.S. Department of State, (May 28, 2022).
“United States Strategic Approach to the People’s Republic of China,” The White House, (Ma 26, 2020).
Virella, Annabel, “20 Years Later: Reevaluating the Taiwan Policy Review,” Project 2049 Institute, (April 3, 2017).
“Vice President Mike Pence’s Remarks on the Administration’s Policy Towards China,” Hudson Institute, (October 4, 2018).
Wees, Gerrit Von der, “Prospects for Preisdent Tsai Ing-Wen’s Second Term,” Taiwan Insight, (June 3, 2020).
“White Papers,” Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China, .
Wu, Charles Chong-Han, “The End of Washington’s Strategic Ambiguity? The Debate over U.S. Policy toward Taiwan,” The China Review, Vol. 21, No. 2(May 2021), pp. 177-202.
Wu, Charles Chong-Han and Yi-Tzu Lin, “Income Inequality and the Allocation of China’s Foreign Aid,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 57, No. 6 (September 2022), pp. 1-21.
Wu, Charles Chong-Han, “The Taiwan Policy Act and the Future of U.S.-Taiwan Relations,” Stimson Center, (December 13, 2022).
Wong, Edward, Keith Bradsher, and Alan Rappeport, “Biden High-Level Diplomacy Can Cool Fiery Relations With China,” The New York Times, smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare> (July 10, 2023).
Wees, Gerrit van der, “The Taiwan Travel Act in Context,” The Diplomat, diplomat.com/2018/03/the-taiwan-travel-act-in-context/> (March 19, 2018).
Wees, Gerrit van der, “Did Biden’s Taiwan Remarks Represents a US Policy Change? The Diplomat, (August 24, 2021).
Wang, Joyu, “Taiwan Foreign Minister Held High-Level Meeting in Washington,” The Wall Street Journal, (February 23, 2023).
Waltz, Kenneth N., “The Stability of a Bipolar World,” Daedalus, Vol. 93, No. 3(Summer 1964), pp. 881-909.
Waltz, Kenneth N., Theory of International Politics (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1979).
Walt, Stephen M., “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power,” International Security, Vol. 9, No. 4(Spring 1985), pp. 3-43.
Walt, Stephen M., The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987).
Wang, T.Y., “Strategic Ambiguity or Strategic Clarity? US Policy Towards the Taiwan Issue,” Taiwan Insight, (June 7, 2021).
Wilkins, Thomas S., “‘Alignment’, not ‘alliance’ – the shifting paradigm of international security cooperation: toward a conceptual taxonomy of alignment,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 38, No.1(January 2012), pp. 53-76.
Wang, Vincent Wei-cheng, and Jacques deLisle, “U.S.-Taiwan relations: continuity and change in a triangular dynamic,” in June Teufel Dreyer and Jacques deLise eds., Taiwan in the Era of Tsai Ing-Wen: Changes and Challenges (London: Routledge, 2021), pp. 161-207.
Wang, Vincent Wei-Cheng, “The Taiwan Relations Act at 40: New Dynamics of an Enduring Framework,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, /article/2019/04/the-taiwan-relations-act-at-40-new-dynamics-of-an-enduring-fr
amework> (April 8, 2019).
Wang, Yanan, “China will ‘never seek hegemony,” Associated Press News, (Decembe
r 18, 2018).
Yates, Stephen J., “Executive Summary: The Taiwan Relations Act After 20 Years: Keys to Past and Future Success,” The Heritage Foundation, (April 16, 1999).
Zhongqi, Pan, “US Taiwan Policy of Strategic Ambiguity: a dilemma of deterrence,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, No. 35(2003), pp. 387-407.
Zakaria, Tabassum, “U.S. intelligence sees Asia’s global power rising by 2030,” Reuters, EE8B909120121210> (December 10, 2012).		zh_TW