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題名 詛咒還是機遇：初探低收入與中等收入國家僑匯與貪腐關係
Curse or Cure: a preliminary exploration on the correlation between remittances and corruption in low- and middle-income countries作者 楊岳澤
Yang, Yueh-Tse貢獻者 陳秉逵
Chen, Ping-Kuei
楊岳澤
Yang, Yueh-Tse關鍵詞 僑匯
貪腐
政府治理
低收入與中等收入國家
Remittances
Corruption
Government governance
Low- and middle-income countries日期 2023 上傳時間 1-三月-2024 13:46:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著跨境移動人口增長，國際間的僑匯金額也逐年攀升，並超越外國直接投資（FDI）、政府開發援助（ODA）成為低收入與中等收入國家（LMICs）不可或缺的外部融資來源。然而，當本文檢視主要的僑匯接受國，卻發現這些國家在政府治理層面存在嚴重的貪腐問題。於是，為了探究僑匯與貪腐之間的關聯性，本文爬梳過往文獻，發現替代效應的運作機制—僑匯的經濟紅利使人民安於現狀，減少監督政府的力道，導致後者從公共服務預算中牟取私利的行為將不會受到嚴厲課責—能作為後續的理論基礎。接續，本文建構一項量化分析研究，並透過固定效果模型檢視126個國家2000至2018年的數據。最終，實證結果說明出隨著僑匯持續增長，確實會加劇LMICs的貪腐情形。在輔以簡要的案例討論後，本文也以巴基斯坦與瓜地馬拉的經驗，反思建立合法海外匯款途徑、促進公民團體監督政府的重要性。
As migration grows steadily, remittance inflows have now surpassed foreign direct investment and official development aid, becoming the significant and indispensable sources of external finance for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, recent trends suggest that countries received amounts of money from migrants and foreign workers are also corruptive. Based on the substitution effect, which explains remittance inflows serve as a form of financial security and thus reduce the recipients’ incentives to hold governments accountable, allowing governments to divert resources from public services into political patronage, this paper argues that remittance inflows deteriorate the quality of government governance and raise problems such as corruption. By using the panel data of 126 countries from 2000 through 2018, the results provide support for the arguments. This paper also structures the case-based discussions from Pakistan and Guatemala, the evidence indicates the importance of sending remittances through formal channels, such as banks or money transfer operators, and monitoring government policies by civil society.參考文獻 王雲東，2007，《社會研究方法：量化與質性取向及其應用》，台北：揚智文化。[Social Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches and Applications]。 中華民國外交部，2023，〈外交部各國中英文名稱對照表〉，外交部全球資訊網：https://reurl.cc/QZdrjp/。 Jarol B. Manheim, Richard C. Rich, Lars Willnat, and Craig Leonard Brians. 2011，《經驗性政治分析：量化與質化研究方法》，冷則剛、任文姍譯，台北：五南。譯自Empirical Political Analysis: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. 2008. Abdih, Yasser, Ralph Chami, Jihad Dagher, and Peter Montiel. 2012. “Remittances and Institutions: are remittances a curse?” World Development, 40(4), 657-666. Acosta, Pablo, Pablo Fajnzylber, and J. 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Berdiev, Aziz N., Yoonbai Kim, and Chung-Pin Chang. 2013. “Remittances and corruption.” Economics Letters, 118(1), 182-185. Borja, Karla. 2020. “Remittances, corruption, and human development in Latin America.” Studies in Comparative International Development, 55(3), 305-327. Briscoe, Ivan, and Martín Rodríguez Pellecer. 2010. A State under Siege: Elites, Criminal Networks and Institutional Reform in Guatemala. NL: Clingendael Institute. Brown, David S., and Wendy Hunter. 1999. “Democracy and social spending in Latin America, 1980–92.” American Political Science Review, 93(4), 779-790. Brunetti, Aymo, and Beatrice Weder. 2003. “A free press is bad news for corruption.” Journal of Public economics, 87(7-8), 1801-1824. Bryman, Alan. 2003. Quantity and Quality in Social Research. New York: Routledge. Burgess, Katrina, and Beatriz Tinajero. 2009. “Remittances as non-state transnational transfers? Lessons from Mexico and El Salvador” International Studies Review, 11(2), 404-13. 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World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. “Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP).” World Health Organization: Global Health Observatory, https://reurl.cc/4WRKz3/. https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%B0%88%E6%A9%9F%E9%9A%8A%E4%BB%8A%E6%AD%A1%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E9%9A%8A%E6%85%B6-160000171.html?guccounter=1 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
109253017資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253017 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳秉逵 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Ping-Kuei en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 楊岳澤 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Yang, Yueh-Tse en_US dc.creator (作者) 楊岳澤 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Yang, Yueh-Tse en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-三月-2024 13:46:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-三月-2024 13:46:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-三月-2024 13:46:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0109253017 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/150181 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109253017 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著跨境移動人口增長，國際間的僑匯金額也逐年攀升，並超越外國直接投資（FDI）、政府開發援助（ODA）成為低收入與中等收入國家（LMICs）不可或缺的外部融資來源。然而，當本文檢視主要的僑匯接受國，卻發現這些國家在政府治理層面存在嚴重的貪腐問題。於是，為了探究僑匯與貪腐之間的關聯性，本文爬梳過往文獻，發現替代效應的運作機制—僑匯的經濟紅利使人民安於現狀，減少監督政府的力道，導致後者從公共服務預算中牟取私利的行為將不會受到嚴厲課責—能作為後續的理論基礎。接續，本文建構一項量化分析研究，並透過固定效果模型檢視126個國家2000至2018年的數據。最終，實證結果說明出隨著僑匯持續增長，確實會加劇LMICs的貪腐情形。在輔以簡要的案例討論後，本文也以巴基斯坦與瓜地馬拉的經驗，反思建立合法海外匯款途徑、促進公民團體監督政府的重要性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) As migration grows steadily, remittance inflows have now surpassed foreign direct investment and official development aid, becoming the significant and indispensable sources of external finance for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, recent trends suggest that countries received amounts of money from migrants and foreign workers are also corruptive. Based on the substitution effect, which explains remittance inflows serve as a form of financial security and thus reduce the recipients’ incentives to hold governments accountable, allowing governments to divert resources from public services into political patronage, this paper argues that remittance inflows deteriorate the quality of government governance and raise problems such as corruption. By using the panel data of 126 countries from 2000 through 2018, the results provide support for the arguments. This paper also structures the case-based discussions from Pakistan and Guatemala, the evidence indicates the importance of sending remittances through formal channels, such as banks or money transfer operators, and monitoring government policies by civil society. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究緣起 1 第二節 研究動機與目的 5 第三節 章節安排 6 第二章 文獻回顧 7 第一節 僑匯與貪腐：資源詛咒的辯論 8 第二節 批判與反思：本文觀點 12 第三章 研究設計 16 第一節 研究問題 16 第二節 研究途徑 17 第三節 研究假設 18 第四節 資料蒐集 23 第四章 研究結果與討論 34 第一節 統計結果 34 第二節 案例討論 41 第五章 結論 52 第一節 研究發現 52 第二節 研究限制與建議 54 參考文獻 56 附錄 65 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2416371 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253017 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 僑匯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貪腐 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 低收入與中等收入國家 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Remittances en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Corruption en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Government governance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Low- and middle-income countries en_US dc.title (題名) 詛咒還是機遇：初探低收入與中等收入國家僑匯與貪腐關係 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Curse or Cure: a preliminary exploration on the correlation between remittances and corruption in low- and middle-income countries en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王雲東，2007，《社會研究方法：量化與質性取向及其應用》，台北：揚智文化。[Social Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches and Applications]。 中華民國外交部，2023，〈外交部各國中英文名稱對照表〉，外交部全球資訊網：https://reurl.cc/QZdrjp/。 Jarol B. Manheim, Richard C. Rich, Lars Willnat, and Craig Leonard Brians. 2011，《經驗性政治分析：量化與質化研究方法》，冷則剛、任文姍譯，台北：五南。譯自Empirical Political Analysis: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. 2008. Abdih, Yasser, Ralph Chami, Jihad Dagher, and Peter Montiel. 2012. “Remittances and Institutions: are remittances a curse?” World Development, 40(4), 657-666. Acosta, Pablo, Pablo Fajnzylber, and J. Humberto López. 2008. “Remittances and household behavior: evidence for Latin America.” Chap. 5 in Remittances and Development: Lessons from Latin America, Pablo Fajnzylber and J. Humberto López, DC: The World Bank. Adams Jr, Richard H. 2005. “Remittances, household expenditure and investment in Guatemala.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 3532. Ades, Alberto, and Rafael Di Tella. 1999. “Rents, competition, and corruption.” American Economic Review, 89(4), 982-993. 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