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題名 UWB 智慧家居互動系統: 融合手勢識別與定位基站自適應校準
UWB-powered Smart Home Interactive System: Combining Adaptive Positioning Base Station Calibration with Gesture Recognition作者 謝弘軒
Hsieh, Hung-Hsuan貢獻者 張宏慶
謝弘軒
Hsieh, Hung-Hsuan關鍵詞 5G、6G行動網路通訊系統
超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband，UWB)
智慧居家
具有指向性功能的超寬頻控制器
超寬頻基站自適應校準
超寬頻座標精度演算法
物聯網設備
5G, 6G mobile network communication system
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication technology
UWB controllers with directional functionality algorithm
UWB adaptive positioning calibration algorithm
UWB coordinate accuracy algorithm
Internet of things (IoT)日期 2024 上傳時間 3-六月-2024 11:43:06 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨時代進步行動網路通訊系統[1]已經迎來5G時代，並正朝向6G邁進，但隨電磁訊號需求條件的增長，高頻、短距、高耗能的限制致使系統的佈建與開發充滿挑戰，更在特定應用範圍內無法實施或是有成本過高的疑慮；因此短距、低功耗的超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband，UWB)[2]通訊技術近年來逐漸嶄露頭角，其高強度的抗干擾特點，已被廣泛應用於行動裝置間的座標定位。 本文研究基於超寬頻技術於智慧居家的應用場景進行深入探討，旨在研究UWB[2]手勢操作調動IoT設備[15]應用中所發現問題的改善辦法，如控制智慧電視、智慧電燈、智慧音箱、等運行難題；新提出的演算法，如具有指向性功能的超寬頻控制器、超寬頻基站自適應校準，與UWB座標精度演算法等，具體克服下列傳統UWB手勢操作運作時的技術問題； 1.超寬頻訊號座標無方向資訊。 2.超寬頻系統的基站部屬需要人工使用設備或工具確立位置，耗時且費工。 3.超寬頻系統之手勢辨識技術無法再僅有一台基站時運作。 4.超寬頻距離量測在僅有兩個基站的系統，座標精度表現遠不如含有三個以上基站的超寬頻系統。 經實驗驗證，本文研究新提出的演算法作法皆為有效、可行之改善方法，對於未來超寬頻系統於物聯網產品[15]的開發挹注有效貢獻，對潛在應用開發提供新的技術支持。
As the mobile network communication system advances with the times, it has entered the era of 5G [1] and is progressing towards 6G. However, the increasing demands for electromagnetic signal conditions, such as high frequency, short range, and high energy consumption, pose challenges in the deployment and development of the system. There are concerns about impractical implementation or high costs within specific application ranges. Consequently, the short-range, low-power Ultra-Wideband (UWB) [2] communication technology has emerged in recent years, finding widespread applications in the coordinate positioning of IoT [15] devices. This thesis study delves into the application scenarios of smart homes based on UWB[2] technology, aiming to explore solutions to identified issues in UWB gesture-controlled IoT device applications, such as controlling of smart TVs, smart lights, smart speakers, etc. New algorithms proposed include UWB controllers with directional functionality, UWB adaptive positioning calibration algorithm, and UWB coordinate accuracy improvement. Specifically overcome the technical issues encountered in traditional UWB gesture-controlled applications. 1.Lack of directional information in UWB signal coordinates. 2.Manual deployment of UWB system base stations, requiring tools and time-consuming efforts. 3.Gesture recognition technology in UWB systems cannot operate with just one base station. 4.Lower coordinate accuracy in UWB ranging with only two base stations, as compared to UWB systems with three or more base stations. Through experimental verification, the methods proposed in this study prove to be effective and feasible improvements. They contribute significantly to the development of future UWB systems in IoT products, providing valuable support for potential application development.參考文獻 [1]V. Goyal, B.S Dhaliwal, “Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks-1G to 5G as well as Future Prospective of Next Generation Communication Network,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC), vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 47-53, August 2013. [2]G. R. Aiello and G. D. Rogerson, "Ultra-wideband wireless systems," in IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 36-47, June 2003, doi: 10.1109/MMW.2003.1201597. [3]TRUMPF INC. “What are the origins of UWB?,” TRUMPF. [Online]. Available: https://www.trumpf.com/en_US/solutions/applications/uwb-ultra-wideband/. Accessed: 2023, December. [4]O. Shoewu, M.Sc., and O. Badejo, B.Sc., "Radio Frequency Identification Technology: Development, Application, and Security Issues," The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, November 2006. [5]J. D. Taylor, Ultra-wideband radar technology, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2000. [6]Valnet Inc. “What Is Ultra-Wideband, and Why Is It in the iPhone 11?,” How-To Geek. [Online]. Available: https://www.howtogeek.com/441183/what-is-ultra-wideband-and-why-is-it-in-the-iphone-11/. Accessed: 2023, December. [7]M. Ghobakhloo, "Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability," Journal of Cleaner Productionb, vol. 252, no. 10, pp 119869, April 2020. [8]HelloTech. “What is the difference between Bluetooth and WiFi?,” HelloTech Inc. [Online]. Available: https://www.hellotech.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-bluetooth-and-wifi. Accessed: 2023, December. [9]Siemens. “What is a Power Spectral Density (PSD)?,” Siemens Community. [Online]. Available: https://community.sw.siemens.com/s/article/what-is-a-power-spectral-density-psd. Accessed: 2023, December. [10]Federal Communications Commission. “Guidelines for Determining the Effective Radiated Power (ERP) and Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) of a RF Transmitting System.,” FCC. [Online]. Available: https://apps.fcc.gov/eas/comments/GetPublishedDocument.html?id=204&tn=255011. Accessed: 2023, December. [11]Federal Communications Commission, "About the FCC," FCC. [Online]. Available: https://www.fcc.gov/about/overview. Accessed: 2023, December. [12]V. Goyal and B. S. Dhaliwal, "Improving Ultra Wideband (UWB) System by Modified Random Combination of Pulses," Engineering Review, Vol. 38, Issue 2, 189-203, 2018. [13]TEKTRONIX, INC. “5G Spurious Emissions Application Note.,” [Online]. Available: https://download.tek.com/document/5G%20spurious%20app%20note_37W-61489-0_0.pdf. Accessed: 2023, December. [14]Eliko. “The story behind ultra-wideband technology and indoor positioning.,” [Online]. Available: https://eliko.tech/history-of-ultra-wideband-technology/. Accessed: 2023, December. [15]A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari and M. Ayyash, "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications," in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347-2376, Fourthquarter 2015, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2015.2444095. [16]Qorvo US, Inc. “Getting Back to Basics with Ultra-Wideband (UWB).,” [Online]. Available: https://www.qorvo.com/resources/d/qorvo-getting-back-to-basics-with-ultra-wideband-uwb-white-paper. Accessed: 2023, December. [17]B.A. Mamyrin, "Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (concepts, achievements, and prospects)," International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol. 206, no. 3, pp. 251-266, Mar. 22, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00392-4. [18]K. Kaemarungsi, "Distribution of WLAN received signal strength indication for indoor location determination," 2006 1st International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, Phuket, Thailand, 2006, pp. 6 pp.-6, doi: 10.1109/ISWPC.2006.1613601. [19]H. Schweinzer and P. Krammer, "A 3D-location system optimized for simple static and mobile devices," in IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 143-149, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3182/20051114-2-MX-3901.00021 [20]A. Bogomolny. “The law of cosines and the law of sines are equivalent.,” Cut-the-knot. [Online]. Available: https://www.cut-the-knot.org/triangle/SineCosineLawsEquivalent.shtml. Accessed: 2023, December. [21]F. Despaux, A. Bossche, K. Jaffrès-Runser, T. Val, “N-TWR: An accurate time-of-flight-based N-ary ranging protocol for Ultra-Wide band,” Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 79, 2018, Pages 1-19, ISSN 1570-8705, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2018.05.016. [22]A. Li, E. Bodanese, S. Poslad, T. Hou, K. Wu and F. Luo, "A Trajectory-Based Gesture Recognition in Smart Homes Based on the Ultrawideband Communication System," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 9, no. 22, pp. 22861-22873, 15 Nov.15, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3185084. [23]T. P. Chen, H. Haussecker, A. Bovyrin, R. Belenov, K. Rodyushkin, A. Kuranoc, and V. Eruhimov, "Computer Vision Workload Analysis: Case Study of Video Surveillance Systems," Intel Technology Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 109-118, May 2005. [24]A. Mehta and T. C. McLoud, "Voice Recognition," Journal of Thoracic Imaging, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 178-182, Jul. 2003. [25]S.-Q. Xiao and M.-T. Zhou, eds., Millimeter Wave Technology in Wireless PAN, LAN, and MAN, Boca Raton, FL, USA: Auerbach Publications, 2019. [26]X. Zhai, X. Chu, C. S. Chai, M. S. Y. Jong, A. Istenic, M. Spector, J.-B. Liu, J. Yuan, and Y. Li, "A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020," Hindawi Education and Psychology Review, vol. 2021, Article ID 8812542, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812542. [27]C. Wolff and C. Tempelman, "Radar Clutter," in Radar Tutorial, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://www.radartutorial.eu/11.coherent/co04.en.html. Accessed: 2023, December. [28]J.-B. Gros, G. Lerosey, F. Lemoult, M. Lodro, S. Greedy, and G. Gradoni, "Multi-path fading and interference mitigation with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces," arXiv preprint, arXiv:2206.08290v1,16 Jun 2022. [29]E. Boateng, J. Otoo, D. Abaye,“Basic Tenets of Classification Algorithms K-Nearest-Neighbor Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Neural Network A Review,” Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing, no. 8, pp. 341-357. doi: 10.4236/jdaip.2020.84020. [30]D. Fu and X. Li, "Research on Self-Calibration and Adaptive Algorithm of Positioning Base Station Based on UWB," 2023 3rd International Symposium on Computer Technology and Information Science (ISCTIS), Chengdu, China, 2023, pp. 344-347, doi: 10.1109/ISCTIS58954.2023.10213076. [31]Makerfabs. (2021, December 22). ESP32 UWB Indoor Positioning Test. [Online]. Available: https://www.makerfabs.cc/article/esp32-uwb-indoor-positioning-test.html Accessed: 2023, December. [32]Makerfabs. (n.d.). ESP32 UWB Pro with Display. [Online]. Available: https://www.makerfabs.com/esp32-uwb-pro-with-display.html Accessed: 2023, December. [33]Arduino Forum. (2022, March). UWB Guide on the Purchase of a DMW1000 Mini Module. [Online]. available: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/uwb-guide-on-the-purchase-of-a-dmw1000-mini-module/967186 . Accessed: 2023, December. [34]Python Software Foundation. (2001). Python. [Online]. available: https://www.python.org/. Accessed: 2023, December. [35]Python Software Foundation. (2023, July 04). Turtle graphics — Python 3.9.17 documentation. [Online]. available: https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/turtle.html. Accessed: 2023, December. [36]Postel, J. (1980, August 28). User Datagram Protocol. [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc768. Accessed: 2023, December. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學系碩士在職專班
111971022資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111971022 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張宏慶 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 謝弘軒 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Hsieh, Hung-Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 謝弘軒 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsieh, Hung-Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-六月-2024 11:43:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-六月-2024 11:43:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-六月-2024 11:43:06 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0111971022 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/151505 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊科學系碩士在職專班 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111971022 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨時代進步行動網路通訊系統[1]已經迎來5G時代，並正朝向6G邁進，但隨電磁訊號需求條件的增長，高頻、短距、高耗能的限制致使系統的佈建與開發充滿挑戰，更在特定應用範圍內無法實施或是有成本過高的疑慮；因此短距、低功耗的超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband，UWB)[2]通訊技術近年來逐漸嶄露頭角，其高強度的抗干擾特點，已被廣泛應用於行動裝置間的座標定位。 本文研究基於超寬頻技術於智慧居家的應用場景進行深入探討，旨在研究UWB[2]手勢操作調動IoT設備[15]應用中所發現問題的改善辦法，如控制智慧電視、智慧電燈、智慧音箱、等運行難題；新提出的演算法，如具有指向性功能的超寬頻控制器、超寬頻基站自適應校準，與UWB座標精度演算法等，具體克服下列傳統UWB手勢操作運作時的技術問題； 1.超寬頻訊號座標無方向資訊。 2.超寬頻系統的基站部屬需要人工使用設備或工具確立位置，耗時且費工。 3.超寬頻系統之手勢辨識技術無法再僅有一台基站時運作。 4.超寬頻距離量測在僅有兩個基站的系統，座標精度表現遠不如含有三個以上基站的超寬頻系統。 經實驗驗證，本文研究新提出的演算法作法皆為有效、可行之改善方法，對於未來超寬頻系統於物聯網產品[15]的開發挹注有效貢獻，對潛在應用開發提供新的技術支持。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the mobile network communication system advances with the times, it has entered the era of 5G [1] and is progressing towards 6G. However, the increasing demands for electromagnetic signal conditions, such as high frequency, short range, and high energy consumption, pose challenges in the deployment and development of the system. There are concerns about impractical implementation or high costs within specific application ranges. Consequently, the short-range, low-power Ultra-Wideband (UWB) [2] communication technology has emerged in recent years, finding widespread applications in the coordinate positioning of IoT [15] devices. This thesis study delves into the application scenarios of smart homes based on UWB[2] technology, aiming to explore solutions to identified issues in UWB gesture-controlled IoT device applications, such as controlling of smart TVs, smart lights, smart speakers, etc. New algorithms proposed include UWB controllers with directional functionality, UWB adaptive positioning calibration algorithm, and UWB coordinate accuracy improvement. Specifically overcome the technical issues encountered in traditional UWB gesture-controlled applications. 1.Lack of directional information in UWB signal coordinates. 2.Manual deployment of UWB system base stations, requiring tools and time-consuming efforts. 3.Gesture recognition technology in UWB systems cannot operate with just one base station. 4.Lower coordinate accuracy in UWB ranging with only two base stations, as compared to UWB systems with three or more base stations. Through experimental verification, the methods proposed in this study prove to be effective and feasible improvements. They contribute significantly to the development of future UWB systems in IoT products, providing valuable support for potential application development. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 12 第一節 研究背景 12 第二節 研究動機 13 第二章 文獻討論 15 第一節 超寬頻 (Ultra-Wide Band UWB) 座標定位工作原理 15 第二節 A Trajectory-based Gesture Recognition inSmart Homes based on the Ultra-Wideband Communication System [22] 21 第三節 Research on self-calibration and adaptive algorithm of positioning base station based on UWB [30] 24 第三章 研究方法 30 第一節 具有指向性功能的超寬頻控制器 30 第二節 自適應校準演算法用於控制單一超寬頻物聯網設備 32 第三節 自適應校準演算法用於部署超寬頻物聯網設備 36 第四節 自適應校準演算法應用於座標精度改善 40 第五節 系統架構 43 第四章 實驗結果與分析 45 第一節 具有指向性功能的超寬頻控制器實驗結果與分析 45 第二節 自適應校準演算法用於控制單一超寬頻物聯網設備實驗結果與分析 48 第三節 自適應校準演算法用於部署超寬頻物聯網設備實驗結果與分析 53 第四節 自適應校準演算法用於座標精度改善實驗結果與分析 59 第五章 結論與未來研究 63 第一節 結論 63 第二節 限制條件與未來研究 64 第六章 參考文獻 66 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3270533 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111971022 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 5G、6G行動網路通訊系統 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband，UWB) zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧居家 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 具有指向性功能的超寬頻控制器 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 超寬頻基站自適應校準 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 超寬頻座標精度演算法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 物聯網設備 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 5G, 6G mobile network communication system en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication technology en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) UWB controllers with directional functionality algorithm en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) UWB adaptive positioning calibration algorithm en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) UWB coordinate accuracy algorithm en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internet of things (IoT) en_US dc.title (題名) UWB 智慧家居互動系統: 融合手勢識別與定位基站自適應校準 zh_TW dc.title (題名) UWB-powered Smart Home Interactive System: Combining Adaptive Positioning Base Station Calibration with Gesture Recognition en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1]V. Goyal, B.S Dhaliwal, “Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks-1G to 5G as well as Future Prospective of Next Generation Communication Network,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC), vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 47-53, August 2013. [2]G. R. Aiello and G. D. Rogerson, "Ultra-wideband wireless systems," in IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 36-47, June 2003, doi: 10.1109/MMW.2003.1201597. [3]TRUMPF INC. “What are the origins of UWB?,” TRUMPF. [Online]. Available: https://www.trumpf.com/en_US/solutions/applications/uwb-ultra-wideband/. Accessed: 2023, December. [4]O. Shoewu, M.Sc., and O. Badejo, B.Sc., "Radio Frequency Identification Technology: Development, Application, and Security Issues," The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, November 2006. [5]J. D. Taylor, Ultra-wideband radar technology, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2000. [6]Valnet Inc. “What Is Ultra-Wideband, and Why Is It in the iPhone 11?,” How-To Geek. [Online]. Available: https://www.howtogeek.com/441183/what-is-ultra-wideband-and-why-is-it-in-the-iphone-11/. Accessed: 2023, December. [7]M. Ghobakhloo, "Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability," Journal of Cleaner Productionb, vol. 252, no. 10, pp 119869, April 2020. [8]HelloTech. “What is the difference between Bluetooth and WiFi?,” HelloTech Inc. [Online]. Available: https://www.hellotech.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-bluetooth-and-wifi. Accessed: 2023, December. [9]Siemens. “What is a Power Spectral Density (PSD)?,” Siemens Community. [Online]. Available: https://community.sw.siemens.com/s/article/what-is-a-power-spectral-density-psd. Accessed: 2023, December. [10]Federal Communications Commission. “Guidelines for Determining the Effective Radiated Power (ERP) and Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) of a RF Transmitting System.,” FCC. [Online]. Available: https://apps.fcc.gov/eas/comments/GetPublishedDocument.html?id=204&tn=255011. 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