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題名 未婚者之防禦型悲觀對親密關係滿意度的影響：以婚姻態度作為調節變項
The influence of defensive pessimism on romantic relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals: Using marital attitudes as a moderating variable作者 謝采玲
Hsieh, Tsai-Ling貢獻者 陳婉真
謝采玲
Hsieh, Tsai-Ling關鍵詞 未婚者
防禦型悲觀
婚姻態度
親密關係滿意度
defensive pessimism
marital attitudes
never-married individuals
relationship satisfaction日期 2024 上傳時間 1-Jul-2024 12:14:00 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究旨在探討未婚者之防禦型悲觀對親密關係滿意度的影響，並觀察婚姻態度是否在兩者間具有調節效果。研究者採問卷調查法，蒐集台灣地區年齡介於20-35歲、曾經或目前正在一段親密關係的未婚者，共取得368筆有效樣本。透過研究工具含「防禦型悲觀量表」、「關係評估量表」、「婚姻態度量表」，以SPSS進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸和階層迴歸分析進行研究樣本的統計檢驗。主要研究結果如下： 一、防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之現況 (一) 未婚者具有偏高的整體防禦型悲觀程度，且在防禦型悲觀的兩個向度中，「負向反思」向度得分高於「悲觀期望」。 (二) 未婚者具有偏滿意的親密關係滿意度。 (三) 未婚者具有偏正向的整體婚姻態度，且在婚姻態度的三個向度中，「行為傾向」得分最高，次之為「情感傾向」和「認知傾向」。 二、防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關情形 (一) 未婚者之整體防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度呈現顯著負相關。 (二) 未婚者之整體婚姻態度與親密關係滿意度呈現顯著正相關。 (三) 未婚者之整體防禦型悲觀程度與整體婚姻態度呈現顯著負相關。 三、婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果 當個體具有越正向的婚姻態度之認知傾向，越能削弱防禦型悲觀程度之悲觀期望對親密關係滿意度的負向效果。 四、不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異情形 (一) 不同生理性別在整體婚姻態度、婚姻態度之認知、行為兩向度，有顯著差異。 (二) 不同感情狀態在整體防禦型悲觀及其中的「悲觀期望」向度、親密關係滿意度、婚姻態度中的認知、行為兩向度，有顯著差異。 (三) 不同性傾向之未婚者在整體婚姻態度和其中的「認知傾向」向度有顯著差異。
This study aimed to investigate the effect of defensive pessimism on relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals and examine whether marital attitudes moderated these two variables. The researcher adopted the questionnaire survey approach in this survey, and collect 368 valid samples from 20-35 year-old never-married individuals, who were currently or had previously been in an romantic relationship. The research instruments included the Revised Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Marital Attitudes Scale. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses, were conducted with SPSS. The main findings are as follows: I. Status of defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction, and marital attitudes: (i) Never-married individuals reported relatively high levels of overall defensive pessimism, with higher score on the negative reflectivity dimension than the pessimistic expectations dimension. (ii) Never-married individuals reported relatively high relationship satisfaction. (iii) Never-married individuals relatively positive overall marital attitudes, with the highest scores on the behavioral dimension, followed by the affective dimension and cognitive dimension. II. Correlations among defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction, and marital attitudes: (i) Overall defensive pessimism was significantly negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals. (ii) Overall marital attitudes were significantly positively correlated with relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals. (iii) Overall defensive pessimism was significantly negatively correlated with overall marital attitudes among never-married individuals. III. Moderating effect of marital attitudes between defensive pessimism and relationship satisfaction: Individuals with more positive cognitive dimension of marital attitudes would weakened the negative impact of pessimistic expectations from defensive pessimism on relationship satisfaction. IV. The impact of different background variables on defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction and marital attitudes: (i) Significant differences were found in overall marital attitudes, and its cognitive and behavioral dimensions based on biological sex. (ii) Significant differences were found in overall defensive pessimism and its pessimistic expectation dimension, relationship satisfaction, cognitive and behavioral dimensions from marital attitudes based on relationship status. 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Suvremena Psihologija, 11(2), 177-209. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
輔導與諮商碩士學位學程
110172002資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110172002 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳婉真 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 謝采玲 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsieh, Tsai-Ling en_US dc.creator (作者) 謝采玲 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsieh, Tsai-Ling en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2024 12:14:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2024 12:14:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2024 12:14:00 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110172002 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/151972 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 輔導與諮商碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110172002 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討未婚者之防禦型悲觀對親密關係滿意度的影響，並觀察婚姻態度是否在兩者間具有調節效果。研究者採問卷調查法，蒐集台灣地區年齡介於20-35歲、曾經或目前正在一段親密關係的未婚者，共取得368筆有效樣本。透過研究工具含「防禦型悲觀量表」、「關係評估量表」、「婚姻態度量表」，以SPSS進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸和階層迴歸分析進行研究樣本的統計檢驗。主要研究結果如下： 一、防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之現況 (一) 未婚者具有偏高的整體防禦型悲觀程度，且在防禦型悲觀的兩個向度中，「負向反思」向度得分高於「悲觀期望」。 (二) 未婚者具有偏滿意的親密關係滿意度。 (三) 未婚者具有偏正向的整體婚姻態度，且在婚姻態度的三個向度中，「行為傾向」得分最高，次之為「情感傾向」和「認知傾向」。 二、防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關情形 (一) 未婚者之整體防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度呈現顯著負相關。 (二) 未婚者之整體婚姻態度與親密關係滿意度呈現顯著正相關。 (三) 未婚者之整體防禦型悲觀程度與整體婚姻態度呈現顯著負相關。 三、婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果 當個體具有越正向的婚姻態度之認知傾向，越能削弱防禦型悲觀程度之悲觀期望對親密關係滿意度的負向效果。 四、不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異情形 (一) 不同生理性別在整體婚姻態度、婚姻態度之認知、行為兩向度，有顯著差異。 (二) 不同感情狀態在整體防禦型悲觀及其中的「悲觀期望」向度、親密關係滿意度、婚姻態度中的認知、行為兩向度，有顯著差異。 (三) 不同性傾向之未婚者在整體婚姻態度和其中的「認知傾向」向度有顯著差異。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study aimed to investigate the effect of defensive pessimism on relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals and examine whether marital attitudes moderated these two variables. The researcher adopted the questionnaire survey approach in this survey, and collect 368 valid samples from 20-35 year-old never-married individuals, who were currently or had previously been in an romantic relationship. The research instruments included the Revised Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Marital Attitudes Scale. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses, were conducted with SPSS. The main findings are as follows: I. Status of defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction, and marital attitudes: (i) Never-married individuals reported relatively high levels of overall defensive pessimism, with higher score on the negative reflectivity dimension than the pessimistic expectations dimension. (ii) Never-married individuals reported relatively high relationship satisfaction. (iii) Never-married individuals relatively positive overall marital attitudes, with the highest scores on the behavioral dimension, followed by the affective dimension and cognitive dimension. II. Correlations among defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction, and marital attitudes: (i) Overall defensive pessimism was significantly negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals. (ii) Overall marital attitudes were significantly positively correlated with relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals. (iii) Overall defensive pessimism was significantly negatively correlated with overall marital attitudes among never-married individuals. III. Moderating effect of marital attitudes between defensive pessimism and relationship satisfaction: Individuals with more positive cognitive dimension of marital attitudes would weakened the negative impact of pessimistic expectations from defensive pessimism on relationship satisfaction. IV. The impact of different background variables on defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction and marital attitudes: (i) Significant differences were found in overall marital attitudes, and its cognitive and behavioral dimensions based on biological sex. (ii) Significant differences were found in overall defensive pessimism and its pessimistic expectation dimension, relationship satisfaction, cognitive and behavioral dimensions from marital attitudes based on relationship status. (iii) Significant differences were found in overall marital attitudes and its cognitive dimension based on sexual orientation. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 6 第三節 名詞釋義 7 第二章 文獻探討 11 第一節 防禦型悲觀之定義與相關研究 11 第二節 防禦型悲觀與親密關係滿意度 23 第三節 婚姻態度作為調節變項的預測效果 31 第四節 不同背景變項對防禦型悲觀、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之影響 37 第三章 研究方法 41 第一節 研究架構 41 第二節 研究對象 43 第三節 研究工具 44 第四節 研究程序 50 第五節 資料處理方法 53 第四章 研究結果 55 第一節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之現況分析 55 第二節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關考驗 58 第三節 婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果 60 第四節 不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異分析 63 第五章 研究討論 71 第一節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之概況探討 71 第二節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關結果探討 74 第三節 婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果探討 77 第四節 不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異情形討論 79 第六章 結論與建議 81 第一節 結論 81 第二節 研究限制與建議 84 參考文獻 89 一、中文部分 89 二、外文部分 91 附錄 104 附錄一 研究問卷 104 附錄二 研究工具使用同意書 110 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2352524 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110172002 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 未婚者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 防禦型悲觀 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 婚姻態度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 親密關係滿意度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) defensive pessimism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) marital attitudes en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) never-married individuals en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) relationship satisfaction en_US dc.title (題名) 未婚者之防禦型悲觀對親密關係滿意度的影響：以婚姻態度作為調節變項 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The influence of defensive pessimism on romantic relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals: Using marital attitudes as a moderating variable en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分 丁鈺珊、戴嘉南、吳明隆（2014）。大學生家庭價值觀、人際關係依附風格與婚姻態度之相關研究－以高雄市為例。家庭教育與諮商學刊，17，1-31。 內政部戶政司（2023）。初婚者之年齡平均數。取自https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_Statistics_DetailData.aspx?sn=aeFG0R2tHwmrDtITC%24JSaA%40%40 宋鶴玲（2022）。經濟與愛情吸引力對情感投入與結婚意願的影響：婚姻不安全感的調節效果。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。銘傳大學。 李介至（2007）。自我保護策略之認知歸因取向及其與內外化行為之關係：高／低因果不確定組別之等同比較。中華輔導學報，22，33-70。http://dx.doi.org/10.7082/CARGC.200709.0033 李介至、陳泉源、梁滄郎（2010）。防禦悲觀者的動機分析及在成就評價後之情緒適應：以潛在成長模式分析為例。教育心理學報，41(4)，733-750。https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20090302 李介至、黃孟儒、梁滄郎（2009）。防禦悲觀者、樂觀者及悲觀者在焦慮及反思策略之差異：高／低任務難度及工具性之調節效果。中華輔導與諮商學報，26，239-270。https://doi.org/10.7082/CJGC.200909.0239 李閏華（1993）。父母婚姻關係對子女婚姻態度影響之研究：以臺中市未婚在學學生為對象。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。東海大學。 卓紋君（2004）。臺灣人愛情風格之分析研究。中華輔導學報，16，71-117。https://doi.org/10.7082/CARGC.200409.0071 林素秋（2017）。成年早期的家庭價值觀與婚姻態度對結婚之影響。〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺灣師範大學。 林清文（2005）。自我價值保護策略。教育研究月刊，133，137-138。 林喬瑩（2006）。高中職學生異性相處、知覺父母婚姻關係與其婚姻態度之研究。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。國立嘉義大學。 林儒君（2005）。大學生異性交往之親子溝通與婚姻態度之相關研究。餐旅暨家政學刊，2(3)，451-472。 金家瑜（2016）。大學生的防禦性悲觀、完美主義與學業拖延之相關研究。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。中國文化大學。 徐光國（2003）。婚姻與家庭。揚智出版。 翁育翎（2016）。高雄市未婚成人愛情風格與婚姻態度之關係研究。〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立高雄師範大學。 張妤玥、陸洛（2007）。愛情關係中對方衝突管理方式與自身關係滿意度之關連。中華心理衛生學刊，20(2)，155-178。https://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.200706_20(2).0003 張瑞真（2001） 。國小未婚教師性別角色、成就動機與婚姻態度之研究。〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立嘉義大學。 陳乃綺（2012）。臺北地區未婚男女愛情風格與婚姻態度〔未出版之碩士論文。〕國立臺東大學。。 陳成宏（2017）。哀兵必勝：學校行政人員使用防禦性悲觀策略之探討。學校行政，111，83-106。https://doi.org/10.3966/160683002017090111005 陳盈帆（2022）。防禦性悲觀與實習壓力知覺對專業成長表現之影響—從諮商全職實習經驗探討。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。淡江大學。 陳湘柔（2015）。成人愛情態度與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。國立臺中教育大學。 彭志文（2019）。高雄地區大學生愛情觀與婚姻態度之研究。〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立屏東大學。 楊靜利（2004）。同居的生育意涵與台灣同居人口估計。台灣社會學刊，32，189-213。 蔡延翊（2020）。防衛性悲觀與心理適應之關聯：正負向情緒比值的調節效果。﹝未出版之碩士論文﹞。中原大學。 衛生福利部國民健康署（2018）。105年家庭與生育調查報告。取自https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=370&pid=1289 顏欣怡、卓紋君（2013）。大學生情侶之愛情風格、溝通姿態、關係滿意度及關係承諾度之探討－對偶分析研究。中華心理衛生學刊，26(3)，443-485。https://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.201309_26(3).0005 二、外文部分 Ajzen, I. 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