學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 中國在安地斯山脈的外交政策:透過外國使館聲明了解: 中國的外交政策和涉台優先事項
PRC Foreign Policy in the Andes: Understanding China’s Foreign Policy and Taiwan-Related Priorities through Foreign Embassy Statements
作者 康以生
Knecht, Ethan John
貢獻者 馮慕文
Fonseca, Fabricio
康以生
Knecht, Ethan John
關鍵詞 中國
台灣
外交政策
建構主義
軟實力
拉丁美洲
安第斯
一個中國原則
一個中國政策
統一戰線工作
China
Taiwan
Foreign Policy
Constructivism
Soft Power
Latin America
Andes
One China Principle
One China Policy
United Front Work
日期 2024
上傳時間 5-八月-2024 13:00:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 使用以軟實力和公共外交為基礎的理論框架,並結合建構主義的廣義理論, 本論文分析中國外交官在對安第斯共同體國家(玻利維亞、哥倫比亞、厄瓜多爾和秘魯)進行雙邊外交時,公開文件中優先關注的主題領域。在分析政治議題的一個子集後,本論文探討中國外交官是否以及如何根據當地情況調整其推廣北京的一個中國原則和支持與台灣相關的統一戰線工作的方式。研究發現,中國外交官使用多種外交工具,與廣泛的當地受眾互動,並根據所處國家顯著改變其優先關注的主題。 此外,儘管本論文未發現提及一個中國原則的頻率與安第斯國家的一個中國政策之間存在關係,但發現中國外交官的修辭方法與當地一個中國政策之間存在關係。研究還發現統一戰線工作的使用與安第斯國家與台灣的外交親近程度之間存在一種初步關係。這進一步表明,中國外交官根據當地情況調整其方法。本論文最終為中國使用硬實力和軟實力工具來實現其外交政策目標的文獻做出了貢獻。
Using a theoretical framework premised on soft power and public diplomacy within the broader theory of constructivism, this thesis analyzes which topic areas Chinese diplomats prioritize in their publicly-available documents on bilateral diplomacy in the Andean Community countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Analyzing one subset of the political issues, this thesis then investigates whether and how PRC diplomats adjust their approaches to both promoting Beijing’s One China Principle and endorsing Taiwan-related United Front work depending on the local conditions. This thesis finds that Chinese diplomats use a wide-variety of diplomatic tools, engage with a broad-spectrum of local audiences, and significantly vary the priority topics they address based on the country that the diplomats are operating in. Additionally, while the thesis does not find a relationship between the relative frequency that One China is mentioned and an Andean country’s One China Policy, it does find a relationship between the rhetorical approaches that Chinese diplomats use and a local One China policy. It also finds a tentative relationship between the use of United Front Work and the diplomatic closeness of the Andean country with Taiwan. This further suggests that Chinese diplomats adjust their approaches to the local conditions. This thesis ultimately contributes to the literature on China’s employment of soft power tools to achieve its foreign policy goals.
參考文獻 Agencia Peruana de Noticias (Andina). “Peru’s FA Min: China’s President Confirms Presence at APEC, to Make State Visit,” May 8, 2024. https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-perus-fa-min-chinas-president-confirmed- presence-at-apec-to-make-state-visit-984878.aspx. Agramont, Daniel, and Gustavo Bonifaz. “The Growing Chinese Presence in Latin America and Its (Geo)Political Manifestations in Bolivia.” Working Paper. LSE Global South Unit Working Papers Series. London: London School of Economics, 2018. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/88088/1/Working%20Paper%20No.%202.%202018%2 0%28Agramont%20and%20Bonifaz%29.pdf. AidData. “China’s Public Diplomacy Dashboard Dataset, Version 2.0.” Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary University, 2021. http://china-dashboard.aiddata.org. Albó, Xavier. “Ethnic Identity and Politics in the Central Andes: The Cases of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.” In Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, edited by Jo-Marie Burt, 17–37. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6zd. Alden, Chris, and Álvaro Méndez. China and Latin America: Development, Agency, and Geopolitics. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023. Al-Sudairy, Mohammed. “The Communist Party of China’s United Front Work in the Gulf: The ‘Ethnic Minority Overseas Chinese’ of Saudi Arabia as a Case Study.” Riyadh: King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS), March 1, 2018. AP. “Ecuador Breaks Taiwan Ties.” The New York Times, November 19, 1971, sec. Archives. Armony, Ariel C. “A View from Afar: How Colombia Sees China.” The China Quarterly, no. 209 (March 2012): 178–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011001536. Barrios, Ricardo. “Reimagining U.S. Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean in Response to a Risen China.” In From Trump to Biden and Beyond: Reimagining US–China Relations, edited by Earl A. Carr Jr., 39–59. Singapore: Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4297-5_4. Bellows, Thomas J. “Taiwan’s Foreign Policy in the 1970s: A Case Study of Adaptation and Viability.” Asian Survey 16, no. 7 (1976): 593–610. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643160. Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (BCN). “The Chinese Community in Latin America.” Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, November 11, 2008. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/chinese-community- latin-america. Bos, Sabrina van den. “China’s Colombia Conundrum: From Warm Reception to Failure, Apathy and Prejudice.” In China in the Global South: Impact and Perceptions, edited by Theodor Tudoroiu and Anna Kuteleva, 193–231. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1344- 0_10. Burt, Jo-Marie, and Philip Mauceri. “Introduction.” In Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, edited by Jo-Marie Burt and Philip Mauceri, 1–14. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6zd. Cancillería de Bolivia [@MRE_Bolivia]. “El Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia expresa su solidaridad con la hermana República Popular de China.” Tweet. Twitter, April 4, 2024. https://twitter.com/MRE_Bolivia/status/1775981220960067943. Cancillería de Colombia. “Declaración Conjunta Entre La República Popular China y La Republica de Colombia Sobre El Establecimiento de La Asociación Estratégica,” October 25, 2023. https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/declaracion-conjunta- republica-popular-china-republica-colombia-establecimiento. Cancillería del Ecuador. “Declaración Conjunta Entre La República Del Ecuador y La República Popular China Sobre La Profundización de La Asociación Estratégica Integral Ecuatoriana-China,” February 5, 2022. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/2022/02/05/declaracion-conjunta-entre-la- republica-del-ecuador-y-la-republica-popular-china-sobre-la-profundizacion- de-la-asociacion-estrategica-integral-ecuatoriana-china/. Cardenal, Juan Pablo. “Reframing Relations in Peru.” In Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, edited by Jessica Ludwig and Christopher Walker, 67–93. Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy, 2017. https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising- Authoritarian-Influence-Full-Report.pdf. ———. “The Art of Making Friends: How the Chinese Communist Party Seduces Political Parties in Latin America.” Montevideo: Center for the Opening and Development of Latin America (CADAL), 2021. https://www.cadal.org/researchreports/pdf/The-art-of-making-friends.pdf. Cardenal, Juan Pablo, and Carmen Grau. “El poder blando de China en Perú.” Buenos Aires: CADAL, December 2017. https://www.cadal.org/informes/pdf/El- poder-blando-de-China-en-Peru.pdf. Cardenal, Juan Pablo, Jacek Kucharczyk, Grigorij Mesežnikov, Gabriela Pleschová, Jessica Ludwig, and Christopher Walker. “Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence.” Sharp Power and Democratic Resilience. Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy, December 5, 2017. https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising- Authoritarian-Influence-Full-Report.pdf. “Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012: Características de La Población.” Instituto Nacional de Estadística, February 2015. https://bolivia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub- pdf/Caracteristicas_de_Poblacion_2012.pdf. CGTN. “China and Peru Agree to Foster China-Latin America and Caribbean Cooperation,” April 29, 2024. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2024-04-29/China- Peru-to-foster-China-Latin-America-and-Caribbean-cooperation- 1tcBevM1MK4/p.html. Checkel, Jeffrey T. “The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory.” Edited by Martha Finnemore, Peter Katzenstein, and Audie Klotz. World Politics 50, no. 2 (1998): 324–48. Chen, Dean P. “The Trump Administration’s One-China Policy: Tilting toward Taiwan in an Era of U.S.-PRC Rivalry?” Asian Politics & Policy 11, no. 2 (2019): 250–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12455. Knecht 178 Chiang, Frank. The One-China Policy: State, Sovereignty, and Taiwan’s International Legal Status. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Elsevier, 2017. Chong Ja, Ian. “The Many ‘One Chinas’: Multiple Approaches to Taiwan and China.” Article. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2023. https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/02/09/many-one-chinas-multiple- approaches-to-taiwan-and-china-pub-89003. Chonn Ching, Victoria, and Alvin Camba. “A Comparative View of Chinese Relations with Peru.” In China, Latin America, and the Global Economy: Economic, Historical, and National Issues, edited by Aaron Schneider and Alessandro Golombiewski Teixeira, 275–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18026-2_12. Chow, Peter C. Y., ed. The “One China” Dilemma. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230611931. Christensen, Steen Fryba. “China’s Impact on Latin American Development: A Comparative Study of Bolivia and Venezuela.” Journal of China and International Relations, September 16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jcir.v4i2.1590. CIA. “Peru.” The World Factbook, July 3, 2024. https://www.cia.gov/the-world- factbook/countries/peru/. “Colombia y China: treinta años de amistad y cooperación.” Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, November 2010. https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/sites/default/files/chinacolombia_web.pdf. “Comunicado Conjunto Sobre El Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomaticas Entre La Republica Del Ecuador y La Republica Popular China.” Cancillería del Ecuador, December 24, 1979. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/wp- content/uploads/sites/78/2021/03/TRA_2460.pdf. Consulate-General of the People’s Republic of China in Christchurch. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Juan Evo Morales Ayma of Bolivia Push for Unceasing Development of China-Bolivia Friendly and Mutually Beneficial Relations,” December 19, 2013. http://christchurch.china- consulate.gov.cn/eng/zgxw/201312/t20131223_83365.htm. Creutzfeldt, Benjamin. “China’s Diplomatic Outreach to Latin America: The Growing Influence and Strategic Mobility of Beijing’s Ambassadors.” Working Paper Series. Lima: Center for China and Asia-Pacific Studies, Universidad del Pacífico, October 2022. https://cechap.up.edu.pe/wp- content/uploads/Working-Paper-Nro5-Benjamin-Creutzfeldt.pdf. Dai, Yaoyao, and Luwei Rose Luqiu. “Wolf Warriors and Diplomacy in the New Era: An Empirical Analysis of China’s Diplomatic Language.” China Review 22, no. 2 (2022): 253–83. “Declaración Conjunta entre la República del Ecuador y La República Popular China Sobre el Establecimiento de la Asociación Estratégica Integral.” Cancillería del Ecuador, November 17, 2016. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/wp- content/uploads/sites/78/2021/03/TRA_10294.pdf. “Diplomatic Relations Between Bolivia and China as of 9 July 1985.” United Nations, July 9, 1985. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1639121. Dotson, John. “China Explores Economic Outreach to U.S. States Via United Front Entities.” China Brief 19, no. 12 (June 26, 2019): 1–7. Ellis, R. Evan. China in Latin America: The Whats and Wherefores. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. Knecht 179 ———. China on the Ground in Latin America: Challenges for the Chinese and Impacts on the Region. Political Economy of East Asia. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. ———. China-Latin America Military Engagement: Good Will, Good Business, and Strategic Position. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822038895736?urlappend=%3Bseq=3. ———. “Chinese Advances and Setbacks in Colombia.” IndraStra Global 3, no. 5 (2017): 7. ———. “Ecuador’s Leveraging of China to Pursue an Alternative Political and Development Path.” Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs 1, no. 1 (Fall 2018): 79– 104. ———. “PRC Engagement with Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe: Comparisons and Insights.” Journal of the Americas Third Edition (2023). https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/JOTA/journals/Volume-5_Issue- 3/Ellis%20-%20English-12-27-23.pdf. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Cānyì Zhǎng Luō Délǐ Gé Sī Qiǎnzé Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚参议⻓罗德里格斯谴责佩洛⻄窜访台湾 [Bolivian Senate President Rodríguez Condemns Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan],” August 13, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220815_10743587.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Fù Wàizhǎng Mǎ Mǎ Ní Chóngshēn Kèshǒu Yīgè Zhōngguó Yuánzé 玻利维亚副外⻓⻢⻢尼重申恪守一个中国原则 [Bolivia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Mamani Reiterated Its Adherence to the One-China Principle],” August 13, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220815_10743586.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Gòngchǎndǎng Fābiǎo Gōngbào Qiǎnzé Měiguó Zhòng Yìzhǎng Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚共产党发表公报谴责美国众议⻓佩 洛⻄窜访台湾 [The Bolivian Communist Party Issues a Communiqué Condemning U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan],” August 3, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220804_10733975.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Wàizhǎng Mǎ Yī Tǎ Dàibiǎo Bō Zhèngfǔ Chóngshēn Kèshǒu Yīgè Zhōngguó Yuánzé 玻利维亚外⻓⻢伊塔代表玻政府重申恪守一个中 国原则 [Bolivian Foreign Minister Maita Reiterated on Behalf of the Bolivian Government Its Adherence to the One-China Principle],” August 17, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220818_10745035.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Zhízhèng Dǎng ‘Zhēngqǔ Shèhuì Zhǔyì Yùndòng’ Dǎng Fābiǎo Gōngbào Qiǎnzé Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚执政党‘争取社会 主义运动’党发表公报谴责佩洛⻄窜访台湾 [Bolivia’s Ruling Party, the Movement for Socialism, Issued a Communiqué Condemning Pelosi’s Visit to Knecht 180 Taiwan],” August 5, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220806_10736233.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Zhízhèng Dǎng Zhǔxí, Qián Zǒngtǒng Mò Lā Lái Sī Qiǎnzé Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚执政党主席、前总统莫拉莱斯谴责佩 洛⻄窜访台湾 [Bolivian Ruling Party Chairman and Former President Morales Condemns Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan],” August 4, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220806_10736231.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Zhǔliú Méitǐ ‘Lǐxìng Bào’ Quánwén Zhuǎnfā Zhōngguó Wàijiāo Bù Shēngmíng 玻利维亚主流媒体《理性报》全文转发中国外交部声明 [Bolivian Mainstream Media ‘Reason’ Forwarded the Full Text of the Statement of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs],” August 3, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220804_10733973.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “China Publica Libro Blanco Sobre Cuestión de Taiwan y Reunificación En Nueva Era,” August 10, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202208/t20220811_10740856.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Declaración Del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de La República Popular China,” August 3, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202208/t20220803_10732423.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “El Embajador Huang Yazhong Publica Artículo de Opinión Sobre La Visita Relámpago de La Presidenta de La Cámara de Representantes de EEUU Nancy Pelosi a La Región China de Taiwan,” August 12, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202208/t20220812_10742585.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Embajador Huang Yazhong Publica En El Periódico Ahora El Pueblo Artículo de Opinión Sobre El XX Congreso Nacional Del Partido Comunista de China,” November 4, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202211/t20221105_10800936.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Nánměi Rénmín Shèhuì Zǔzhī Liánméng Fābiǎo Gōngbào Chóngshēn Jiānchí Yīgè Zhōngguó Yuánzé 南美人⺠社会组织联盟发表公报重申坚持 一个中国原则 [The Alliance of South American People’s Social Organizations Issued a Communiqué Reaffirming Its Adherence to the One- China Principle],” August 13, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220813_10742779.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Palabras Del Agregado Defensa Para Celebrar El 94° Aniversario de La Fundación Del EPL,” July 30, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202107/t20210731_9098209.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhōngguó Xiàng Bō Tígōng Dān Pī Zuìdà Shùliàng Yìmiáo Shùnlì Wánchéng Jiāofù 中国向玻提供单批最大数量疫苗顺利完成交付 [China Knecht 181 Has Successfully Delivered the Largest Single Batch of Vaccines to Bolivia],” September 7, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202109/t20210908_10444074.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huáng Yà Zhòng Chūxí Bō Gòngchǎndǎng Jiàndǎng 73 Zhōunián Qìngdiǎn 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中出席玻共产党建党 73 周年庆典 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attended the 73rd Anniversary Celebration of the Founding of the Communist Party of Bolivia],” January 18, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230119_11012298.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huáng Yà Zhòng Chūxí Dì Èr Jiè Zhōng Bō Qǐyè Jiā Qiàtán Huì 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中出席第二届中玻企业家洽谈会 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attended the 2nd China-Bolivia Entrepreneurs Forum],” September 24, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202209/t20220926_10772065.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huáng Yà Zhòng Chūxí Xiàng Bō Cānyìyuàn Juānzèng Pínkùn Jiātíng Shèngdàn Wèiwèn Pǐn Jiāojiē Yíshì 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中 出席向玻参议院捐赠贫困家庭圣诞慰问品交接仪式 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attended the Handover Ceremony of Christmas Gifts for Poor Families Donated to the Bolivian Senate],” December 22, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202112/t20211222_10473978.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Bàihuì Bō Wàijiāobù Xīnrèn Duōbiān Sī Zhǎng Sāngbùlānà 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中拜会玻外交部新任多边司⻓桑 布拉纳 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Pays a Courtesy Call on Bolivia’s Newly Appointed Director General of Multilateral Affairs, Zambrana],” January 25, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230125_11014446.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Chūxí Bō Lǐ Zīyuán Kāifā Hézuò Xiéyì Qiānyuē Yíshì 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中出席玻锂资源开发合作协议签约仪 式 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attends the Signing Ceremony of the Cooperation Agreement on Bolivia’s Lithium Resource Development],” July 1, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230701_11106458.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Chūxí Zhōng-Bō Lǐ Zīyuán Kāifā Quán Chǎnyè Liàn Guǎnlǐ Xiànshàng Yánxiūbān Kāibān Yíshì 驻玻利维亚大使黄 亚中出席中玻锂资源开发全产业链管理线上研修班开班仪式 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attends the Opening Ceremony of the Online Training Course on the Full Industrial Chain Management of China- Knecht 182 Bolivia Lithium Resource Development],” July 7, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202207/t20220708_10717097.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Cíxíng Bàihuì Bō Kuàngyè Hé Yějīn Bùzhǎng Jīsīpèi 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中辞行拜会 玻矿业和冶金部⻓基斯 佩 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Pays a Farewell Visit to Bolivia’s Minister of Mining and Metallurgy, Quispe],” July 21, 2023. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230722_11116617.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Jiēshòu Bō Guójiā Diànshìtái Zhíbò Zhuānfǎng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中接受玻国家电视台直播专访 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Gave a Live Interview on Bolivia’s National Television],” January 22, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230122_11013981.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Bàihuì Bō Sānjūn Zǒng Sīlìng Bā Liè Huò Sī Zhōng Jiàng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中拜会玻三军总司令巴列霍斯中将 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Met with Commander-in-Chief of the Bolivian Armed Forces Lieutenant General Vallejos],” April 28, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202105/t20210505_9099473.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Bàihuì Bō Xīnrèn Sānjūn Zǒng Sīlìng Ālán Dí Yà Lùjūn Shàng Jiàng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中拜会玻新任三军总司令阿 兰迪亚陆军上将 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Paid a Courtesy Call on the New Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Bolivia, General Alandia],” November 15, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202211/t20221115_10975073.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Cíxíng Bàihuì Bō Fù Wàizhǎng Bù Lán Kē 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中辞行拜会玻副外⻓布兰科 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Paid a Farewell Visit to Bolivian Deputy Foreign Minister Blanco],” July 26, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230726_11118289.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Cíxíng Bàihuì Bō Sānjūn Zǒng Sīlìng Ālán Dí Yà Lùjūn Shàng Jiàng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中辞行拜会玻三军总司令阿 兰迪亚陆军上将 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Paid a Farewell Visit to Commander-in-Chief of the Bolivian Armed Forces General Alandia],” July 24, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230725_11117763.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Bō Fù Zǒngtǒng Qiáo Kè Wàn Kǎ 驻 玻利维亚大使黄亚中会⻅玻副总统乔克万卡 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Meets with Bolivian Vice President Jock Huanca],” Knecht 183 November 4, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202111/t20211105_10444513.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Bō Wàijiāo Bù Zhǔguǎn Lǐngshì Fù Bùzhǎng Qiū Jī Mǐ Yà 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中会⻅玻外交部主管领事副部 ⻓丘基米娅 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Met with Bolivian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs for Consulates Chukimia],” April 21, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202304/t20230421_11062663.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Fù Wàizhǎng Mǎ Mǎ Ní 驻玻利维亚 大使黄亚中会⻅副外⻓⻢⻢尼 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Meets with Deputy Foreign Minister Mamani],” September 1, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202109/t20210904_9099875.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Sūkèléi Shì Zhǎng Lái Yà Ní Ào 驻 玻利维亚大使黄亚中会⻅苏克雷市⻓莱亚尼奥 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Meets with Mayor of Sucre Leianio],” December 3, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202112/t20211203_10461681.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Jítǐ Huìjiàn Bō Lìfǎ Dàhuì Bō Zhōng Yìhuì Yǒuhǎo Xiǎozǔ 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中集体会⻅玻立法大会玻中议会友好 小组 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Met with the Bolivian Legislative Assembly and the Bolivian-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship Group],” October 20, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202210/t20221020_10786255.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Kǎochá Bōlìwéiyǎ Chéngshì Ānquán Jíchéng Zhǐhuī Kòngzhì Xìtǒng Xiàngmù 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中考察玻利维亚城 市安全集成指挥控制系统项目 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Inspected the Bolivia Urban Security Integrated Command and Control System Project],” April 24, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202304/t20230424_11064859.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Yǔ Lābā Sī Shěng Qiáo Tuán Zuòtán 驻玻利 维亚大使黄亚中与拉巴斯省侨团座谈 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Held a Discussion with the Overseas Chinese Delegation in La Paz Province],” September 28, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202209/t20220928_10772875.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Duì Zhōng Zī Qǐyè Xiàngmù Kāizhǎn Zònghé Ānquán Xúnshì 驻玻利维亚使馆对中资企业项目开展综合安全巡视 [The Embassy in Bolivia Conducts Comprehensive Safety Inspections on Chinese-Funded Knecht 184 Enterprise Projects],” October 12, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202210/t20221014_10783309.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Guófáng Wǔguān Yán Lì Dàxiào Qìngzhù Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Jiàn Jūn 94 Zhōunián de Jiǎnghuà 驻玻利维亚使馆国防 武官严力大校庆祝中国人⺠解放军建军 94 周年的讲话 [Speech by Senior Colonel Yan Li, Defense Attaché of the Embassy in Bolivia, Celebrating the 94th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army],” July 29, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202107/t20210730_9099785.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Hé Zhù Shèng Kè Lǔ Sī Zǒng Lǐng Guǎn Gòngtóng Jǔbàn 2021 Nián Xiàn Shàng Chūnjié Zhāodài Huì 驻玻利维亚使馆和驻圣克鲁斯 总领馆共同举办 2021 年线上春节招待会 [The Embassy in Bolivia and the Consulate General in Santa Cruz Jointly Hosted the 2021 Online Spring Festival Reception],” February 11, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202102/t20210211_10444067.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Jǔbàn 2023 Nián Xīnchūn Zhāodài Huì 驻玻利维亚使馆 举办 2023 年新春招待会 [The Embassy in Bolivia Holds the 2023 New Year Reception],” January 20, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230120_11013438.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng Guóqìng 73 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Zhāodài Huì 驻 玻利维亚使馆举行国庆 73 周年线上招待会 [The Embassy in Bolivia Held an Online Reception to Celebrate the 73rd Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China],” October 1, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202210/t20221006_10777348.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “America’s Coercive Diplomacy and Its Harm,” May 23, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202305/t20230523_11082343.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “China’s Solemn Position on the ‘Taiwan Independence’ Fallacies Propagated by the Deputy Leader of China’s Taiwan Region Lai Ching-Te,” August 23, 2023. http://co.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202308/t20230823_11130405.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Chóngqìng bālěiwǔtuán《Bǎinián Hóngméi Sòng》liàngxiàng Gēlúnbǐyà Dà Jùyuàn Wǔdǎo Jì Yún Zhǎnyǎn 重庆芭蕾舞团《百年红梅颂》亮相哥伦比亚大剧 院舞蹈季云展演 [Chongqing Ballet’s ‘A Century of Red Plum Praise’ Debuts at the Colombia Grand Theatre’s Dance Season Virtual Performance],” April 23, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202204/t20220423_10672546.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Dì Èr Jiè ‘Hànyǔ Qiáo’ Shìjiè Xiǎoxuéshēng Zhōngwén Xiù Gēlúnbǐyà Yún Dà Sài Knecht 185 Knecht 186 Chénggōng Jǔbàn 第二届‘汉语桥’世界小学生中文秀哥伦比亚云大赛成功 举办 [The 2nd ‘Chinese Bridge’ World Primary School Students Chinese Show Virtual Competition in Colombia Was Successfully Held],” May 31, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202205/t20220531_10694785.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Dì Èrshí Jiè Shìjiè Dàxuéshēng ‘Hànyǔ Qiáo’ Gēlúnbǐyǎ Sàiqū ‘OPPO Bēi’ Yún Dàsài Chénggōng Jǔxíng 第二十届世界大学生‘汉语桥’哥伦比亚赛区‘OPPO 杯’ 云大赛成功举行 [The 20th ‘Chinese Bridge’ Columbia Division ‘OPPO Cup’ Cloud Competition for World College Students Was Successfully Held],” July 22, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202107/t20210723_9049839.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Full Text: The Taiwan Question and China’s Reunification in the New Era,” August 11, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202208/t20220811_10740545.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Guānyú ‘Jiànkāngmǎ’ Shēnlǐng Yāoqiú de Zuìxīn Zōnghé Tōngzhī 关于‘健康码’申领 要求的最新综合通知 [The Latest Comprehensive Notice on the Requirements for Applying for the ‘Health Code.’],” March 1, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202203/t20220301_10646517.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Guānyú Yuándàn Qījiān Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Lǐng Qiáo Chù Zàntíng Duìwài Jiēdài de Tōngzhī 关于元旦期间驻哥伦比亚使馆领侨处暂停对外接待的通知 [Notice on the Suspension of External Services by the Consular Section of the Chinese Embassy in Colombia during the New Year Period],” December 23, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202312/t20231223_11210038.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Bàihuì Gēlúnbǐyǎ Xīnrèn Guóhuì Zhǔxí Jiān Cānyì Zhǎng 蓝虎大使拜 会哥伦比亚新任国会主席兼参议⻓ [Ambassador Lan Hu Paid a Courtesy Call on the New President of Colombia’s Congress and President of the Senate],” August 24, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202208/t20220824_10749851.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyà Āndìsī Dàxué Kǒngzǐ Xuéyuàn Jiànyuàn 15 Zhōunián Qìngdiǎn Huódòng 蓝虎大使出席哥伦比亚安第斯大学孔子学院建院 15 周 年庆典活动 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the 15th Anniversary Celebration of the Confucius Institute at Andes University in Colombia],” November 11, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202211/t20221111_10973006.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyǎ Gòngchǎndǎng Dì Èrshísān Cì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì 蓝虎大使出席哥伦比亚共产党第二十三次全国代表大会 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the 23rd National Congress of the Communist Party of Colombia],” December 10, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202212/t20221210_10988331.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyà Shāngǔ Dàxué Zhōngguó Wénhuà Yuè Kāimùshì 蓝 虎大使出席哥伦比亚山谷大学中国文化月开幕式 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the Opening Ceremony of the China Culture Month at Valle University in Colombia],” September 30, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202209/t20220930_10775994.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Cānyìyuàn Wài Wěi Huì Zhǔxí Fú Luò Léi Sī 蓝虎 大使会⻅哥伦比亚参议院外委会主席弗洛雷斯 [Ambassador Lan Hu Meets with Flores, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Colombian Senate],” February 22, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202302/t20230222_11029828.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Xīnrèn Wàizhǎng 蓝虎大使会⻅哥伦比亚新任外⻓ [Ambassador Lan Hu Meets with Colombia’s New Foreign Minister].” Accessed April 28, 2024. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202208/t20220824_10751012.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Zhízhèng Dǎng Zǒng Shūjì 蓝虎大使会⻅哥伦比亚 执政党总书记 [Ambassador Lan Hu Meets with the General Secretary of Colombia’s Ruling Party],” March 24, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202303/t20230324_11048290.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Yǔ Āndìsī Gòngtóngtǐ Mìshū Zhǎng Pèidé Lāsà Jǔxíng Shìpín Huì 蓝虎 大使与安第斯共同体秘书⻓佩德拉萨举行视频会 [Ambassador Lan Hu Held a Video Conference with the Secretary General of the Andean Community, Pedraza],” January 28, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202101/t20210129_4293805.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Yǔ Bùfèn Zài Gē Kǒngyuàn Hànyǔ Jiàoshī Jí Liúxuéshēng Jǔxíng Zuòtán 蓝虎大使与部分在哥孔院汉语教师及留学生举行座谈 [Ambassador Lan Hu Held a Discussion with Some Chinese Language Teachers and Students at the Confucius Institute in Colombia],” October 12, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202210/t20221012_10781199.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Presidente Hu Jintao Se Entrevistó Con Su Homólogo Colombiano Álvaro Uribe Vélez,” December 12, 2008. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/zggx/200908/t20090831_4254350.htm. Knecht 187 Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Qin Gang Holds Talks with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken,” June 20, 2023. http://co.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202306/t20230620_11100101.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “The Reasons Why the Island of Taiwan Should Not Participate in the World Health Assembly,” May 19, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202105/t20210520_9048067.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Wàijiāo Bù Fāyán Rén Jiù Qī Guó Jítuán Guǎngdǎo Fēnghuì Chǎozuò Shè Huá Yìtí Dá Jìzhě Wèn 外交部发言人就七国集团广岛峰会炒作涉华议题答记者问 [Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Answers Reporters’ Questions on the Hype of China-Related Issues at the G7 Hiroshima Summit],” May 23, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202305/t20230523_11081732.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “《Xiǎo Qiáo Liúshuǐ Rénjiā》kāiqǐ Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Guóqìng Xìliè Wénhuà Zhǎnyǎn 《小桥流水人家》开启驻哥伦比亚使馆国庆系列文化展演 ["Small Bridge, Flowing Water, and Homes" Kicks off the Series of Cultural Performances for National Day at the Chinese Embassy in Colombia],” September 21, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202109/t20210922_9563340.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhānglìpíng Línshí Dàibàn Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyǎ Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Zuòtán Huì 张立平临时代办出席哥伦比亚中国和平统一促进会座谈会 [Charge d’affaires Zhang Liping Attended the Symposium of the Colombia-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association],” May 10, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202305/t20230510_11074701.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhānglìpíng Línshí Dàibàn Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Guóhuì Xīnrèn Zhòng Yìzhǎng Kǎ Liè 张立 平临时代办会⻅哥伦比亚国会新任众议⻓卡列 [Charge d’affaires Zhang Liping Meets with the New Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Colombian Congress Callie],” August 9, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202308/t20230809_11124111.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhèngfǔ Lāměi Shìwù Tèbié Dàibiǎo Qiūxiǎoqí Fǎngwèn Gēlúnbǐyǎ 中国政 府拉美事务特别代表邱小琪访问哥伦比亚 [Qiu Xiaoqi, the Chinese Government’s Special Representative for Latin American Affairs, Visits Colombia],” June 29, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202306/t20230629_11105822.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Dàshǐ Lán Hǔ Jǔxíng Lí Rèn Zhāodài Huì 中国驻哥伦比亚大 使蓝虎举行离任招待会 [Chinese Ambassador to Colombia Lan Hu Holds a Knecht 188 Departure Reception],” March 25, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202303/t20230325_11049060.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng ‘Wēnnuǎn Yíng Chūn’ Wèiwèn Qiáobāo Hé Liúxuéshēng Huódòng 中国驻哥伦比亚使馆举行 ‘温暖迎春’慰问侨胞和留 学生活动 [The Chinese Embassy in Colombia Held the ‘Warm Spring Welcome’ Event to Greet and Comfort Overseas Chinese and Students],” January 14, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202301/t20230114_11007355.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Shǐguǎn Yǔ Gē Guójiā Jǐngchá Liánhé Jǔbàn Zhōngfāng Jīgòu Hé Rényuán Ānquán Fángfàn Péixùn Huìyì 中国驻哥伦比亚使馆与哥国家 警察联合举办中方机构和人员安全防范培训会议 [The Chinese Embassy in Colombia and the Colombian National Police Jointly Held a Security Training Meeting for Chinese Institutions and Personnel],” June 24, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202306/t20230624_11102898.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Dàshǐ Zhū Jīngyáng Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyà Shìjiè Xiǎojiě Sàishì Fùzé Rén 驻哥伦比亚大使朱京阳会⻅哥伦比亚世界小姐赛事负责人 [Chinese Ambassador to Colombia Zhu Jingyang Meets with the Organizer of the Miss World Colombia Pageant],” September 19, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202309/t20230919_11144962.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Dàshǐ Zhūjīngyáng Chūxí Kē Xìng Gōngsī Yǔ Gē Fāng Hézī Gōngsī Qiānyuē Yíshì 驻哥伦比亚大使朱京阳出席科兴公司与哥方合资公 司签约仪式 [Ambassador to Colombia Zhu Jingyang Attended the Signing Ceremony of the Joint Venture between Sinovac and Colombia],” December 20, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202312/t20231220_11207308.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng Jiàn Jūn 94 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Zhāodài Huì 驻 哥伦比亚使馆举行建军 94 周年线上招待会 [The Embassy in Colombia Held an Online Reception Celebrating the 94th Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Liberation Army],” July 30, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202107/t20210731_9049853.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Tíxǐng Lǚ Gē Zhōngguó Gōngmín Niándǐ Jiāqiáng Ānquán Fángfàn 驻哥伦比亚使馆提醒旅哥中国公⺠年底加强安全防范 [The Embassy in Colombia Reminds Chinese Citizens in Colombia to Strengthen Security Measures at the End of the Year],” December 15, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202212/t20221215_10990626.htm. Knecht 189 Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhū Jīngyáng Dàshǐ Zài Guóqìng 74 Zhōunián Jì Dàorèn Zhāodàihuì Shàng de Jiǎnghuà (Quánwén) 朱京阳大使在国庆 74 周年暨到任招待会上的讲话(全 文) [Ambassador Zhu Jingyang’s Speech at the National Day 74th Anniversary and Welcome Reception (Full Text)],” September 28, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202309/t20230928_11152529.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhūjīngyáng Dàshǐ Bàihuì Gēlúnbǐyǎ Fù Zǒngtǒng Jiān Píngděng Bùzhǎng Mǎ’ěr Kè Sī 朱 京阳大使拜会哥伦比亚副总统兼平等部⻓⻢尔克斯 [Ambassador Zhu Jingyang Paid a Courtesy Call on Colombian Vice President and Minister of Equality Marquez],” November 17, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202311/t20231117_11182001.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Aviso Importante de La Embajada de La República Popular China En La República de Ecuador y Consulado General de La República Popular China En Guayaquil : Ya No Hace Falta Hacer Citas Previas En Línea Para La Solicitud de Visas a Partir Del 20 de Noviembre de 2023,” November 18, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202311/t20231118_11182922.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Aviso Sobre Continuación de Exención Temporal y Parcial de La Toma de Huellas Dactilares Para Solicitantes Del Visado Chino,” December 15, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/lsfw/zytz/202312/t20231215_11203583.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Chén Guóyǒu Dàshǐ Huìjiàn è Guóhuì Guójì Guānxì Hé Yímín Shìwù Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí Fú Luò Léi Sī (2021-07-21) 陈国友大使会⻅厄国会国际关系和移⺠事务委员 会主席弗洛雷斯(2021-07-21) [Ambassador Chen Guoyou Met with Flores, Chairman of the Committee on International Relations and Immigration of the Ecuadorian Parliament (2021-07-21)],” July 22, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202107/t20210722_9047389.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Consejero Político y Portavoz de La Embajada de China Sr. Wang Xinming Recibió Entrevista Por El Portal Confirmado.Net Sobre La Tercera Reunión de Ministros Del Foro China-CELAC,” December 15, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202112/t20211215_10469896.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Discurso Del Embajador Chen Guoyou En La Ceremonia de Entrega de Computadoras al Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana Del Ecuador(2021- 09-28),” September 29, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202109/t20210929_9506888.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Discurso Del Embajador Chen Guoyou En La Recepción Con Motivo Del 74o Aniversario de La Fundación de La República Popular China,” September 28, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202309/t20230928_11151983.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Èguāduō’ěr Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Qiángliè Kàngyì Làiqīngdé Cuàn Fǎng Knecht 190 Měiguó 厄瓜多尔中国和平统一促进会强烈抗议赖清德窜访美国 [Ecuador Association for the Promotion of China’s Peaceful Reunification Strongly Protests Lai Qingde’s Visit to the United States],” August 16, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230816_11127740.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Publica Artículo de Opinión En El Telégrafo Sobre El 25o Aniversario Del Regreso de Hong Kong a La Patria,” July 6, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202207/t20220706_10716450.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Publica Artículo de Opinión En El Telégrafo Sobre El XX Congreso Nacional Del Partido Comunista de China,” October 16, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202210/t20221017_10784483.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Publica En El Telégrafo Artículo de Opinión Titulado La Estabilización y Recuperación de La Economía China Envían Señales Positivas al Mundo,” October 14, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202310/t20231014_11160922.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Recibió Entrevista Por El Portal Confirmado.Net Sobre La Iniciativa Para La Seguridad Global,” May 19, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202205/t20220519_10688871.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Entrevista al Encargado de Negocios a.i. de La Embajada de La R.P. China En El Ecuador, Wang Xinming,” August 12, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202208/t20220813_10742777.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “La Tendencia Histórica de La Reunificación Completa de China Es Irreversible, El Artículo de Opinión Del Encargado de Negocios a.i. Wang Xinming,” August 5, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202208/t20220805_10735998.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Kūnmíng Shì Tóng Yàměiníyǎ Shì Fāzhǎn Yǒuhǎo Chéngshì Guānxì Yìxiàngshū Qiānshǔ Yíshì 蓝虎大使出席昆明市同亚美尼亚市发展友好城 市关系意向书签署仪式 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the Signing Ceremony of the Letter of Intent to Develop Sister City Relations between Kunming and Armenia],” April 1, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202204/t20220401_10658412.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhōngguó Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐlǐngguǎn Guānyú Tiáozhěng Zì Èguāduō’ěr Fù Huá Rényuán Jiànkāngmǎ/Jiànkāng Zhuàngkuàng Shēngmíng Shū Shòulǐ Yāoqiú de Tōngzhī 中国驻厄瓜多尔使领馆关于调整自厄瓜多尔赴华人员健康码/ 健康状况声明书受理要求的通知 [Notice from the Chinese Embassy and Consulates in Ecuador on Adjusting the Requirements for the Health Code/Health Status Declaration for Personnel Traveling from Ecuador to China],” May 19, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220519_10688902.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Bàihuì è Guóhuì Dì Yī Fù Zhǔxí Bèi Luòsī Knecht 191 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友拜会厄国会第一副主席⻉洛斯 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Paid a Courtesy Visit to First Vice President of the Ecuadorian Congress Belos],” December 13, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231213_11201240.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Bàihuì è Guóhuì Guójì Guānxì Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí Pà Lā 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友拜会厄国会国际关系委员会主席帕拉 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Paid a Courtesy Visit to Chairman of the International Relations Committee of the Ecuadorian Congress Parra],” December 5, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231205_11194743.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Bàihuì è Guóhuì Zhǔxí Kè Lóng Fú Lái 驻厄 瓜多尔大使陈国友拜会厄国会主席克龙弗莱 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Paid a Courtesy Visit to President of the Ecuadorian Congress Cromfry],” December 7, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231207_11196208.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí è Zǒngtǒng Mò Léinuò Yíngjiē Zhōngguó Xīnguān Yìmiáo Yíshì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席厄总统莫雷 诺迎接中国新冠疫苗仪式 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attended the Ceremony of Ecuadorian President Moreno Welcoming China’s New Crown Vaccine],” April 7, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202104/t20210408_9047343.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Èguāduō’ěr Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Chénglì 20 Zhōunián Jìniàn Dàhuì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席厄 瓜多尔中国和平统一促进会成立 20 周年纪念大会 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attended the 20th Anniversary Meeting of the Ecuador Association for the Promotion of China’s Peaceful Reunification],” May 16, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220516_10686470.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Sānfāng Ānquán Liánxí Huìyì 驻厄瓜 多尔大使陈国友出席三方安全联席会议 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attended the Tripartite Security Joint Meeting],” May 30, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202305/t20230531_11086398.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Yóu Zhōngguó Yōudài Zījīn Zhīchí Chóngjiàn de Màntǎ Jīchǎng Qǐyòng Yíshì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席由中 国优贷资金支持重建的曼塔机场启用仪式 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attends the Inauguration Ceremony of Manta Airport, Knecht 192 Rebuilt with Preferential Loan Funds from China],” December 7, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202212/t20221207_10986268.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Zhōngzī Qǐyè Bǎozhàng Fáng Xiàngmù Jiāofù Yíshì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席中资企业保障房项目交 付仪式 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attends the Handover Ceremony of a Housing Project Supported by Chinese Enterprises],” January 12, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230113_11006715.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Fābiǎo 2023 Nián Chūnjié Zhìcí 驻厄瓜多尔 大使陈国友发表 2023 年春节致辞 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Delivered a 2023 Spring Festival Speech],” January 19, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230120_11012443.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Fù Jī Duō Shèng Fúlǎngxīsī Kē Dàxué Xuān Jiè Zhōnggòng Èrshí Dà Jīngshén 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友赴基多圣弗朗⻄ 斯科大学宣介中共二十大精神 [Ambassador Chen Guoyou Went to the University of San Francisco in Quito to Introduce the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China],” November 10, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202211/t20221110_10926424.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn Duōmǐníjiā Zhù è Dàshǐ Kǎlā Fū 驻 厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅多米尼加驻厄大使卡拉夫 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Met with Dominican Ambassador to Ecuador Khalaf],” November 21, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202311/t20231121_11184079.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Dāngxuǎn Fù Zǒngtǒng ā Wǎ Dé 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄当选副总统阿瓦德 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with Ecuadorian Vice President-Elect Awad],” November 12, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202311/t20231112_11178729.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Gòngchǎndǎng Zǒng Shūjì Ālā Ěr Kǒng 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄共产党总书记阿拉尔孔 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with General Secretary of the Communist Party of Ecuador Alarcon],” January 7, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202201/t20220107_10479673.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn È Jīngjì Cáizhèng Bùzhǎng Āluósāiméinà 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄经济财政部⻓阿罗塞梅纳 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with Ecuador’s Knecht 193 Minister of Economy and Finance, Arosemena],” January 6, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230107_11003896.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Shèhuìdǎng Qián Zhǔxí Suǒ Lā Nuò Yīxíng 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄社会党前主席索拉诺一行 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Met with Former Chairman of the Socialist Party of Ecuador Solano and His Delegation],” October 11, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202310/t20231011_11159095.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Wàizhǎng Màn Lǐ Kè Hé Shēngchǎn, Wàimào, Tóuzī Hé Yúyè Bùzhǎng Pǔlāduō 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国 友会⻅厄外⻓曼里克和生产、外贸、投资和渔业部⻓普拉多 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Met with Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Manrique and Minister of Production, Foreign Trade, Investment and Fisheries Prado],” April 18, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202304/t20230419_11061356.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn Guójì Huòbì Jījīn Zǔzhī Zhù È Dàibiǎo Léinuò 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅国际货币基金组织驻厄代表雷 诺 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with the IMF Representative in Ecuador, Reynaud],” November 5, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202111/t20211105_10444591.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Jǔbàn Tóng Lǚ è Qiáo Jiè ‘Wēnnuǎn Yíngchūn’ Liánhuān 驻厄瓜多尔使馆举办同旅厄侨界‘温暖迎春’联欢 [The Embassy in Ecuador Held a ‘Warm Spring Festival’ Party for the Overseas Chinese Community in Ecuador],” December 10, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202212/t20221210_10988418.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng Qìngzhù Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Chénglì 73 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Zhāodài Huì 驻厄瓜多尔使馆举行庆祝中华人⺠共 和国成立 73 周年线上招待会 [The Embassy in Ecuador Held an Online Reception to Celebrate the 73rd Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China],” September 27, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202209/t20220928_10772811.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Línshí Dàibàn Wángxīnmíng Zài è Zhǔliú Méitǐ ‘Shāng Bào’ Pībó Shè Tái Miùlùn 驻厄瓜多尔使馆临时代办王新明在厄主流媒体 《商报》批驳涉台谬论 [Wang Xinming, Charge d’affaires of the Embassy in Ecuador, Refuted Taiwan-Related Fallacies in Ecuador’s Mainstream Media ‘Business Daily’],” August 25, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220825_10753646.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Wángxīnmíng Línshí Dàibàn Chūxí Wǒ Guǎn Jiàn Jūn Knecht 194 Knecht 195 95 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Qìngzhù Huódòng 驻厄瓜多尔使馆王新明临时代 办出席我馆建军 95 周年线上庆祝活动 [Charge d’Affaires Wang Xinming of the Embassy in Ecuador Attended the Online Celebration of the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Embassy in Ecuador],” August 3, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220804_10733966.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Xiàng Āi Ěr Ào Luō Shěng Dìzhèn Zāiqū Juānzhù Wùzī 驻厄瓜多尔使馆向埃尔奥罗省地震灾区捐助物资 [The Embassy in Ecuador Donates Materials to the Earthquake-Stricken Areas in El Oro Province],” July 28, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202307/t20230729_11119608.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐlǐngguǎn Tíxǐng Lǚ È Tóngbāo Jǐnshèn Duìdài Yǒuguān Shāngyè Bāojī Huíguó Xìnxī 驻厄瓜多尔使领馆提醒旅厄同胞谨慎对待有 关商业包机回国信息 [The Embassy and Consulates in Ecuador Remind Chinese Nationals in Ecuador to Be Cautious about Information Regarding Commercial Charter Flights Back to China],” May 13, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202105/t20210514_9047355.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Bìlǔ Gèjiè Yù Zhù Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dì Èrshí Cì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì Shènglì Zhàokāi 秘鲁各界预祝中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会胜利召开 [All Walks of Life in Peru Wish the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China a Successful Convening],” October 14, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202210/t20221014_10783965.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Bìlǔ Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Fābiǎo Guānyú Jiānjué Fǎnduì Làiqīngdé Cuàn Měide Yánzhèng Shēngmíng 秘鲁中国和平统一促进会发表关于坚决反对 赖清德窜美的严正声明 [The Peruvian Association for the Promotion of China’s Peaceful Reunification Issued a Solemn Statement on Resolutely Opposing Lai Qingde’s Attempt to Infiltrate the United States],” August 10, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230810_11124797.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “China Publica Libro Blanco Sobre Cuestión de Taiwan y Reunificación En Nueva Era,” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202208/t20220810_10740443.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Cì Wàng Píng Cuò Gōngshǐ Xiàng Bìlǔ Qiáo Tuán Zhuàn Jiāo Guówùyuàn Qiáo Bàn ‘Nuǎn Xīnbāo’ 次旺平措公使向秘鲁侨团转交国务院侨办‘暖心包’ [Minister Ciwang Pingcuo Handed over a ‘Heart-Warming Package’ from the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council to the Peruvian Overseas Chinese Mission],” June 7, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202306/t20230607_11090771.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Cì Wàng Píng Cuò Línshí Dàibàn Chūxí Bìlǔ Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Huìyuán Huìyì 次旺平措临时代办出席秘鲁中国和平统一促进会会员会议 [Charge d’affaires Ciwang Pingcuo Attended the Meeting of Members of the Peruvian Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China],” September 19, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202309/t20230919_11144944.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Guówùyuàn Tái Bàn, Guówùyuàn Xīnwén Bàn Fābiǎo ‘Táiwān Wèntí Yǔ Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tǒngyī Shìyè’ Báipíshū 国务院台办、国务院新闻办发表《台湾 问题与新时代中国统一事业》白皮书 [The Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council and the Information Office of the State Council Released a White Paper on ‘The Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era’],” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220810_10740453.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Portavoz Comenta Libro Blanco Sobre Cuestión de Taiwan y Reunificación de China En Nueva Era,” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202208/t20220811_10740532.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Chūxí Bìlǔ Guóhuì ‘Zhōng Mì Guānxì Huígù Yǔ Zhǎnwàng’ Lùntán Bìng Zhìcí 宋扬大使出席秘鲁国会‘中秘关系回顾与展望’论坛并致辞 [Ambassador Song Yang Attended the ‘Review and Prospects of China-Peru Relations’ Forum of the Congress of Peru and Delivered a Speech],” June 16, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202306/t20230616_11099150.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Chūxí Bìlǔ Tōng Huì Zǒngjú Dì 24 Jiè Lǐ Jiānshìhuì Jiùzhí Diǎnlǐ 宋扬大使 出席秘鲁通惠总局第 24 届理监事会就职典礼 [Ambassador Song Yang Attended the Inauguration Ceremony of the 24th Board of Directors and Supervisors of the General Administration of Peru],” January 3, 2023. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230103_10999819.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Guójiā Jǐngchá Guójì Xíngjǐng Jú Júzhǎng ā Wéi Lā Shàojiàng 宋扬大使会⻅秘鲁国家警察国际刑警局局⻓阿维拉少将 [Ambassador Song Yang Met with Major General Avila, Director of the Interpol Bureau of the Peruvian National Police],” December 20, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231220_11208277.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Wàijiāo Bù Yà Dà Sī Sī Zhǎng Jī Luósī 宋扬大使会⻅秘鲁外交 部亚大司司⻓基罗斯 [Ambassador Song Yang Met with Quirós, Director of the Department of Asia and Oceania of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru],” September 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202209/t20220910_10764855.htm. Knecht 196 Knecht 197 Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Wèi Bìlǔ Guójiā Gāoděng Yánjiū Zhōngxīn Gāojí Kèchéng Bān Shòukè 宋扬 大使为秘鲁国家高等研究中心高级课程班授课 [Ambassador Song Yang Teaches the Advanced Course Class of the Peruvian National Center for Advanced Studies],” November 23, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202211/t20221123_10979547.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “‘Táiwān Wèntí Yǔ Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tǒngyī Shìyè’ Báipíshū 《台湾问题与新时代中国 统一事业》白皮书 ["Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era" White Paper],” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220810_10740425.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Xi Jinping Se Reúne Con Presidente de Perú Ollanta Humala,” July 19, 2014. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/zbgx/201408/t20140819_4463517.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōng Mì Shuāngbiān Ānbǎo Liánxí Huìyì Jīzhì Chénglì Bìng Jǔxíng Shǒucì Huìyì 中秘 双边安保联席会议机制成立并举行首次会议 [China-Peru Bilateral Security Joint Meeting Mechanism Was Established and Held Its First Meeting],” May 14, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220514_10686107.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Tái Bàn Fāyán Rén Shòuquán Jiù Fābiǎo ‘Táiwān Wèntí Yǔ Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tǒngyī Shìyè’ Báipíshū Fābiǎo Tánhuà 中共中央台办发言 人受权就发表《台湾问题与新时代中国统一事业》白皮书发表谈话 [A Spokesman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Was Authorized to Make a Statement on the Release of the White Paper ‘The Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era’],” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220810_10740530.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōngguó Zhù Bìlǔ Shǐguǎn Tóng Mì Zhǔyào Qiáo Tuán, Huáwén Méitǐ Dàibiǎo Jǔxíng Xīnchūn Wèi Qiáo Shìpín Zuòtán Huì 中国驻秘鲁使馆同秘主要侨团、华文 媒体代表举行新春慰侨视频座谈会 [The Chinese Embassy in Peru Held a New Year’s Video Symposium to Express Condolences to Overseas Chinese with Representatives of the Main Overseas Chinese Delegations and Chinese Media in Peru],” February 4, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202102/t20210204_4504697.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōngyāng Guǎngbò Diànshì Zǒng Tái Lāměi Zǒngzhàn Yǔ Zhù Bìlǔ Shǐguǎn Liánhé Jǔbàn ‘Xīn Zhēngchéng de Zhōngguó Yǔ Shìjiè’ Bìlǔ Zhuānchǎng Yántǎo Huì 中央广播电视总台拉美总站与驻秘鲁使馆联合举办‘新征程的中国与世 界’秘鲁专场研讨会 [China Central Radio and Television Station Latin America and the Embassy in Peru Jointly Held a Peru-Specific Seminar on ‘China and the World in the New Journey’],” October 27, 2022. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202210/t20221027_10792666.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Bàihuì Bìlǔ Xīnrèn Shēngchǎn Bù Bùzhǎng Yīn Xī’ōu 驻秘鲁大使 梁宇拜会秘鲁新任生产部部⻓因⻄欧 [Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Pays a Courtesy Call on Peru’s Newly Appointed Minister of Production, Insiño],” October 23, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202110/t20211023_9617924.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Bàihuì Mì Nèizhèng Bùzhǎng Jì Lián 驻秘鲁大使梁宇拜会秘内政 部⻓纪廉 [Ambassador Liang Yu Paid a Courtesy Visit to Peruvian Minister of the Interior Guillen],” November 27, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202111/t20211127_10454237.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Guófáng Bùzhǎng Kǎlā Sī Kē 驻秘鲁大使梁宇会⻅秘 鲁国防部⻓卡拉斯科 [Ambassador Liang Yu Meets with Peruvian Defense Minister Carrasco],” December 21, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202112/t20211221_10473858.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Jǔxíng ‘Zhōngguó Wàijiāo Hé Zhōng-Bì Guānxì’ Zhuāntí Xiànshàng Jiǎngzuò 驻秘鲁大使梁宇举行‘中国外交和中秘关系’ 专题线上 讲座 [Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Held an Online Lecture on ‘Chinese Diplomacy and China-Peru Relations.’],” May 18, 2022. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220518_10688663.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Zài Bì Guānfāng Méitǐ ‘Bìlǔrén Bào’ Fābiǎo Shǔmíng Wénzhāng ‘Quánqiú Ānquán Chàngyì——Yìngduì Quánqiú Ānquán Kùnjìng de Zhōngguó Fāng’àn’ 驻秘鲁大使梁宇在秘官方媒体《秘鲁人报》发表署名 文章《全球安全倡议——应对全球安全困境的中国方案》[Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Published a Signed Article in Peru’s Official Media ‘El Peruano’ Titled ‘Global Security Initiative - China’s Plan to Address Global Security Challenges.’],” April 30, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202204/t20220430_10680869.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Zài Bì Guānméi ‘Bìlǔrén Bào’ Fābiǎo Shǔmíng Wénzhāng ‘Wánshàn Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū Xuǎnjǔ Zhìdù’ 驻秘鲁大使梁宇在 秘官媒《秘鲁人报》发表署名文章《完善香港特别行政区选举制度》 [Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Published a Signed Article in Peru’s Official Media ‘El Peruano’ Titled ‘Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.’],” April 7, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202104/t20210407_9082324.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Zài Bì Zhǔliú Méitǐ ‘Jīngyíng Bào’ Fābiǎo Shǔmíng Wénzhāng Knecht 198 ‘Zhōngguó Jīngjì Zài Fùzá Wàibù Huánjìng Zhōng Wěndìng Qiánxíng’ 驻秘 鲁大使梁宇在秘主流媒体《经营报》发表署名文章《中国经济在复杂外 部环境中稳定前行》[Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Published a Signed Article in Peru’s Mainstream Media ‘Gestión’ Titled ‘China’s Economy Steadily Advances in a Complex External Environment.’],” June 15, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202206/t20220615_10703242.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Sòng Yáng Bàihuì Bìlǔ Shǒudū Lì Mǎ Shì Shì Zhǎng Luò Pèisī-Ālǐ Yǎ Jiā 驻 秘鲁大使宋扬拜会秘鲁首都利⻢市市⻓洛佩斯-阿里亚加 [Ambassador to Peru Song Yang Paid a Courtesy Visit to Mayor Lopez Arriaga of Lima, the Capital of Peru],” February 22, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202302/t20230222_11029169.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Sòng Yáng Cānjiā Fújiàn Tóngxiāng Huì Huànjiè Xuǎnjǔ Dàhuì 驻秘鲁大使 宋扬参加福建同乡会换届选举大会 [Ambassador to Peru Song Yang Attended the General Election Meeting of the Fujian Association],” October 27, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202210/t20221027_10792591.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Sòng Yáng Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Rénmín Lìliàng Dǎng Zhǔxí Téngsēn Qìng Zi 驻秘鲁 大使宋扬会⻅秘鲁人⺠力量党主席藤森庆子 [Ambassador to Peru Song Yang Met with Keiko Fujimori, Chairman of the People’s Power Party of Peru],” August 3, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230803_11121642.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Shǐguǎn Jǔbàn Zhāodài Huì Rèliè Qìngzhù Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Jiàn Jūn 96 Zhōunián 驻秘鲁使馆举办招待会热烈庆祝中国人⺠解放军建军 96 周年 [The Embassy in Peru Held a Reception to Warmly Celebrate the 96th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army],” August 3, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230803_11121653.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “驻秘鲁大使宋扬 在秘主流媒体《共和国报》发表署名文章《中国式⺠主助力创造人类文 明新形态》,” April 6, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202304/t20230406_11054865.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en Venezuela. “Xi Jinping Sostiene Conversación Con Presidente Ecuatoriano Rafael Correa Delgado,” January 7, 2015. http://ve.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/zgxw/201501/t20150112_4549987.htm. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Democratic Republic of Timor- Leste. “Hu Jintao Meets with Peruvian President Garcia,” November 13, 2009. http://tl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/200911/t20091118_1114474.htm. Knecht 199 Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Sultanate of Oman. “Xi Jinping Meets with President Juan Evo Morales Ayma of Bolivia,” July 17, 2014. http://om.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/201407/t20140721_1246719.htm. Erikson, Daniel P., and Janice Chen. “China, Taiwan, and the Battle for Latin America.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 31, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 69– 89. Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. “Bolivia reafirma lazos de hermandad con la República Popular de China,” February 1, 2024. https://cancilleria.gob.bo/mre/2024/02/01/13834/. Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. “Declaración Conjunta de la República Popular China y el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia sobre el Establecimiento de la Asociación Estratégica,” June 19, 2018. https://www.cancilleria.gob.bo/webmre/node/2564. Expansión/Datosmacro.com. “Colombia - Inmigración 2020,” 2020. https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/migracion/inmigracion/colombi a. Flockhart, Trine. “Constructivism and Foreign Policy.” In Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases, edited by Tim Dunne, Amelia Hadfield, and Steve Smith, 3rd ed., 79–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708902.001.0001. Focus Taiwan. “Taiwan Trade Office in Ecuador Forced to Change Name: MOFA,” June 27, 2017. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201706270014. Fonseca, Fabricio A. “Looking for a Platform in North America: Taiwan, Mexico and Cross-Strait Relations.” Revista UNISCI / UNISCI Journal, no. 46 (January 2018): 107–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/RUNI.58375. Fonseca, Fabricio A., and Yen-Pin Su. “Taiwan’s Diplomatic Instruments and Challenges in Its Relations with China-Aligned Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. ForeignAssistance.gov. “2022 Obligations,” June 27, 2024. https://foreignassistance.gov/. Freeman, Will. “The Organized Crime Threat to Latin American Democracies.” Council on Foreign Relations (blog), January 2, 2024. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-01-02/organized-crime- corruption-latin-america-democracy-immigration-alberto-fujimori-peru- ecuador-mexico-guatemala-costa-rica. Gallagher, Kevin. The China Triangle: Latin America’s China Boom and the Fate of the Washington Consensus. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016. Gallagher, Kevin P, Amos Irwin, and Katherine Koleski. “The New Banks in Town: Chinese Finance in Latin America.” China and Latin America. Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, March 2012. https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/the-new-banks-in-town-chinese-finance- in-latin-america/. Ganchev, Ivo. “China Pushed the Pink Tide and the Pink Tide Pulled China: Intertwining Economic Interests and Ideology in Ecuador and Bolivia (2005– 2014).” World Affairs 183, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 359–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0043820020965968. Knecht 200 Garzón, Paulina, and Diana Castro. “China-Ecuador Relations and the Development of the Hydro Sector: A Look at the Coca Codo Sinclair and Sopladora Hydroelectric Projects.” In Building Development for a New Era: China’s Infrastructure Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Enrique Dussel Peters, Ariel C. Armony, and Shoujun Cui, 24–57. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg, 2018. https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/asc/sites/default/files/BuildingDevelopmentNewEra. pdf. Gill, Bates, and Benjamin Schreer. “Countering China’s ‘United Front.’” The Washington Quarterly 41, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 155–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2018.1485323. Gilstrap, Jake. “Chinese Confucius Institutes in Latin America: Tools of Soft Power.” Perry Center Occassional Paper. Washington, DC: William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, October 2021. https://wjpcenter.org/wp- content/uploads/2023/09/Chinese-Confucius-Institutes-in-LATAM.pdf. Gonzalez-Vicente, Ruben. “South–South Relations Under World Market Capitalism: The State and the Elusive Promise of National Development in the China– Ecuador Resource-Development Nexus.” Review of International Political Economy 24, no. 5 (September 3, 2017): 881–903. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2017.1357646. ———. “The Political Economy of Sino-Peruvian Relations: A New Dependency?” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 97–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261204100104. Gransow, Bettina. “Chinese Infrastructure Investment in Latin America - An Assessment of Strategies, Actors and Risks.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 20, no. 3 (September 2015): 267–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366- 015-9362-2. Gregory, Bruce. “American Public Diplomacy: Enduring Characteristics, Elusive Transformation.” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 3–4 (March 21, 2011): 351–72. https://doi.org/10.1163/187119111X583941. Groot, Gerry. “The CCP’s United Front Work Department: Roles and Influence at Home and Abroad.” In The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies, edited by Chris Shei and Weixiao Wei. Routledge Handbooks. New York: Routledge, 2021. Guoyou, Chen. “Ambassador Chen Guoyou: China and Ecuador Have Forged Closer Ties in the Fight Against the Virus and Are Implementing a Blueprint for Their Post-Pandemic Relations.” Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador, April 26, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202104/t20210427_9047209.htm. Hamilton, Clive, and Mareike Ohlberg. Hidden Hand: Exposing How the Chinese Communist Party Is Reshaping the World. London: Oneworld Publications, 2021. Herrera-Vinelli, Lorena, and Mateo Bonilla. “Ecuador-China Relations: The Growing Effect of Chinese Investment on Ecuadorian Domestic Politics, 2007–2016.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 623–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-09588-6. Hopf, Ted. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory.” International Security 23, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 171–200. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.23.1.171. Knecht 201 Hsiang, Antonio C. “Theorizing Taiwan’s Relations with Latin America.” In Taiwan’s Relations with Latin America: A Strategic Rivalry between the United States, China, and Taiwan, edited by Antonio C. Hsiang and He Li. London: Lexington Books, 2021. Hsiao, Russell. “A Preliminary Survey of CCP Influence Operations in Japan.” China Brief 19, no. 12 (June 26, 2019): 16–21. Hu, Jintao. “Full Text of Hu Jintao’s Report at 17th Party Congress.” Xinhua, October 24, 2007. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007- 10/24/content_6204564_8.htm. Jakobson, Linda, and Ryan Manuel. “How Are Foreign Policy Decisions Made in China?” Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 3, no. 1 (2016): 101–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.121. Johnson, Kavita. “The ‘One China’ Policy: Battleground for Recognition in the Caribbean.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Ju, Angela. “The Early History of China and Taiwan in Latin America: Cuba and Peru from 1837 to 1971.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde, 19–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9_2. Kroenig, Matthew, Melissa McAdam, and Steven Weber. “Taking Soft Power Seriously.” Comparative Strategy 29, no. 5 (November 24, 2010): 412–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2010.520986. Labarca, Claudia, María Montt Strabucchi, and Ingrid Bachmann. “Nuances of Public Diplomacy: China in Chilean Op-Eds (2018-2021).” Communication & Society 36, no. 2 (March 2023): 339–53. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.36.2.339-353. Liang, Meng-Yu, Jorge Andrés Contreras Calderón, and Juan Pablo López Agudelo. “Past, Present, and the Future of Colombia’s Commercial Relations with China and Taiwan.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Liff, Adam P. “Japan, Taiwan and the ‘One China’ Framework after 50 Years.” The China Quarterly 252 (December 2022): 1066–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741022001357. Liff, Adam P., and Dalton Lin. “The ‘One China’ Framework at 50 (1972–2022): The Myth of ‘Consensus’ and Its Evolving Policy Significance.” The China Quarterly 252 (December 2022): 977–1000. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030574102200131X. Loh, Dylan M. H. China’s Rising Foreign Ministry: Practices and Representations of Assertive Diplomacy. Stanford University Press, 2024. Loh, Dylan M H. “Institutional Habitus, State Identity, and China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.” International Studies Review 22, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 879–902. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz051. López, Alejandra Saravia, and Adam Rua Quiroga. “An Assessment of the Environmental and Social Impacts of Chinese Trade and FDI in Bolivia.” In China and Sustainable Development in Latin America: The Social and Knecht 202 Environmental Dimension, edited by Andres Lopez, Andres López, Cynthia Sanborn, Kevin Gallagher, and Rebecca Ray, 147–82. Anthem Press, 2017. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/china-and-sustainable-development-in- latin-america/an-assessment-of-the-environmental-and-social-impacts-of- chinese-trade-and-fdi-in-bolivia/C48458AE04613B022B97E7756C826C70. Ludwig, Jessica, and Christopher Walker. “From ‘Soft Power’ to ‘Sharp Power’: Rising Authoritarian Influence in the Democratic World.” In Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, edited by Jessica Ludwig and Christopher Walker, 8–25. International Forum for Democratic Studies. Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy, 2017. https://www.ned.org/wp- content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising-Authoritarian-Influence-Full- Report.pdf. Maggiorelli, Lorenzo. “Taiwan’s Development Aid to Latin America and the Caribbean and the One China Policy.” Razón Crítica 7 (July 2019): 177–208. https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1513. Manke, Albert. “The Impact of the 1949 Chinese Revolution on a Latin American Chinese Community: Shifting Power Relations in Havana’s Chinatown.” Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 61, no. 2 (December 3, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201800207. Marczak, Jason, Pepe Zhang, and Cristina Guevara. “COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker: Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, May 12, 2021. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/covid-19- vaccine-tracker-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/. Márquez-Carriel, Gabriel, Fidel Márquez-Sánchez, and Arnaldo Vergara-Romero. “Relationship Between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Ecuador: A Perspective from the Dependency Theory.” Universidad y Sociedad 15, no. 2 (March 17, 2023): 49-62. Mauceri, Philip. “State, Elites, and the Response to Insurgency: Some Preliminary Comparisons between Colombia and Peru.” In Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, edited by Jo-Marie Burt and Philip Mauceri, 146–63. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6zd. Mazza, Jacqueline. “Chinese Migration to Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, 2016. https://www.thedialogue.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/10/Chinese_Migration_to_LAC_Mazza-1.pdf. Mendoza, Luz. “Taiwán cerrará sus oficinas en Bolivia.” eju.tv, May 25, 2009. https://eju.tv/2009/05/taiwn-cerrar-sus-oficinas-en-bolivia/. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. “Declaración Conjunta Entre El Gobierno de La República Del Perú y El Gobierno de La República Popular China,” May 22, 2015. http://www.rree.gob.pe/Noticias/Paginas/DC-019-15.aspx. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “El Presidente Xi Jinping Sostiene Un Encuentro Con La Presidenta Del Perú Dina Boluarte,” November 17, 2023. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/esp/zxxx/202311/t20231117_11182131.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Hu Jintao Holds Talks with Peruvian President Garcia,” March 19, 2008. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3447_665449/3513_665118/35 15_665122/200803/t20080319_596366.html. Knecht 203 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Li Keqiang Holds Talks with President Juan Manuel Santos of Colombia, Stressing to Take the 35th Anniversary of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations as Opportunity to Jointly Compose a New Chapter For China-Colombia Friendly Cooperation,” May 22, 2015. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/topics_665678/2015zt/lkqdbxglbyblzljxzsfw/201 505/t20150526_704997.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “President Xi Jinping Speaks with President Martín Vizcarra of Peru on the Phone,” April 30, 2020. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3447_665449/3513_665118/35 15_665122/202005/t20200501_596501.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Iván Duque Márquez of Colombia,” July 31, 2019. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3447_665449/3483_665038/34 85_665042/201908/t20190802_595483.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President of Colombia Gustavo Petro,” October 25, 2023. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202310/t20231031_11170951.html . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski of Peru,” November 22, 2016. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/topics_665678/2016zt/XJPDEGDEBLZLJXGSF WBCXZBLLMJXDYTJHZZDESSCLDRFZSHY/201611/t20161124_704398 .html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Meets with President Juan Manuel Santos of Colombia,” November 20, 2016. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/topics_665678/2016zt/XJPDEGDEBLZLJXG SFWBCXZBLLMJXDYTJHZZDESSCLDRFZSHY/201611/t20161122_704 390.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Se Reúne Con Presidente de Ecuador Guillermo Lasso,” February 5, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/esp/zxxx/202202/t20220206_10639494.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Se Reúne Con Presidente de Ecuador Rafael Correa,” July 17, 2014. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/gjhdq/ldmz/3493/3495/201407/t20140719_968 272.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Sostiene Conversación Telefónica Con Presidente de Bolivia Luis Arce Catacora,” January 29, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/esp/wjb/zzjg/ldmzs/xwlb/202101/t20210130_936060. html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi, Morales Hold Talks, Agree to Establish China-Bolivia Strategic Partnership,” June 19, 2018. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/ldmzs_664952/x wlb_664954/201806/t20180620_593562.html. Miskimmon, Alister, Ben O’Loughlin, and Laura Roselle. Strategic Narratives: Communication Power and the New World Order. Routledge Studies in Global Information, Politics and Society 3. New York ; London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. Knecht 204 MOFA. “Zhōnghuá mínguó 109 nián wàijiāo niánjiàn 中華⺠國 109 年外交年鑑 [Diplomatic Yearbook of the 109th Year of the Republic of China].” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taipei, 2021. https://multilingual.mofa.gov.tw/web/web_UTF- 8/almanac/almanac2020/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9 C%8B109%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%B9%B4%E9%9 1%91.pdf. Monni, Salvatore, and Luca Serafini. “A Dangerous Alliance? The Relationship Between Ecuador and China.” Development, Local/Global Encounters, 60, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-018-0159-4. Monsalve, Luis Diego. “Challenges and Opportunities for Colombia and China.” In China and the World in a Changing Context: Perspectives from Ambassadors to China, edited by Huiyao Wang and Lu Miao, 99–107. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8086-1_12. Moraiti, Athina. “An Analysis of the Relations Between China, Taiwan, and Argentina and the Belt and Road Initiative.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3- 031-45166-9. Moriyasu, Ken. “China Presses Global South Leaders to Support Taiwan ‘Reunification.’” Nikkei Asia, June 24, 2024. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-presses-Global- South-leaders-to-support-Taiwan-reunification. Morón Araujo, Diana Marcela. “Análisis del proceso de establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Colombia y la República Popular China.” Universidad Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, 2008. https://repository.urosario.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/b321a4f2-f2b7- 498b-8da0-99fe2af16473/content. Myers, Margaret. “China-Colombia Relations Are Growing, If Slowly.” Analysis. United States Institute of Peace, November 15, 2023. https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/11/china-colombia-relations-are- growing-if-slowly. Myers, Margaret, and Ricardo Barrios. “How China Ranks Its Partners in LAC.” The Inter-American Dialogue (blog), February 3, 2021. https://www.thedialogue.org/blogs/2021/02/how-china-ranks-its-partners-in- lac/. Myers, Margaret, and Guo Jie. “China’s Agricultural Investment in Latin America: A Critical Assessment.” China and Latin America Report. Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, June 2015. Niu, Haibin. “A Strategic Analysis of Chinese Infrastructure Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean.” In Building Development for a New Era: China’s Infrastructure Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Enrique Dussel Peters, Ariel C. Armony, and Shoujun Cui. Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburgh, 2018. https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/asc/building- development-for-a-new-era. Noticias de Taiwan. “Vicepresidente de Bolivia inaugura oficina comercial en la Rep. de China.” Website. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), June 5, 1992. https://noticias.nat.gov.tw/news.php?unit=92&post=77438. Knecht 205 Nye, Joseph S. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books, 1990. ———. “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699. ———. “Soft Power.” Foreign Policy 4, no. 80 (1990): 153–71. https://doi.org/10.2307/1148580. ———. “Soft Power and American Foreign Policy.” Political Science Quarterly 119, no. 2 (2004): 255–70. https://doi.org/10.2307/20202345. ———. “Soft Power: The Origins and Political Progress of a Concept.” The Journal of International Communication 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2021.2019893. Odello, Marco. “The Andean Community of Nations.” In Latin American and Caribbean International Institutional Law, edited by Marco Odello and Francesco Seatzu, 117–57. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-069-5_5. Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). “President Chen Shui-Bian Meets Colombian Senator Jairo Raúl Clopatofsky Ghisays,” April 4, 2007. https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/2662. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Actividades,” 2023. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/co_es/cat/3.html#2023. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Anuncio importante:a partir del 1 de marzo de 2024, la República de China (Taiwán) ha modificado sus procesos y requerimientos para los portadores de los pasaportes colombianos para solicitar visa,” April 4, 2024. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/10194.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Convocatoria año 2024 de BECA auspiciada por TaiwanICDF (Taiwán),” January 16, 2024. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/10156.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “El Colegio República de China I.E.D de Bogotá festeja el 110 ° Día Nacional del País,” October 10, 2021. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/co_es/post/9461.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “La Repr. Francisca Yu-tsz Chang agradece a los Amigos Parlamentarios Colombianos por respaldar la participación de Taiwán en la AMS,” May 26, 2021. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/9185.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Taiwan fortalecerá relaciones con Colombia junto a EEUU,” April 14, 2021. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/9120.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Actividades,” 2022. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/cat/3.html#2022. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Aviso importante sobre los asuntos consulares,” March 25, 2020. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/ec_es/post/2666.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Banco de Taiwán Facilita Financiación a Importadores Ecuatorianos Mediante el Banco del Pacifico,” January 16, 2018. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/post/1452.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “¡Convocatoria abierta de la Ciudad de Taipéi a la beca para Estudios de Idioma Chino Mandarín para los Knecht 206 Quiteños!,” March 26, 2024. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/ec_es/post/4842.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Proyecto de Reproducción y Cultivo de la Ostra en Ecuador -- Prometedor e increíble trabajo de cultivo y cosecha de ostras de una especie japonesa en la comuna El Real de Chanduy,” November 12, 2018. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/post/1880.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Telenovela Taiwanesa El nuevo mundo llega a EcuadorTV,” January 28, 2020. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/ec_es/post/2428.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Últimas Noticias,” 2022. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/cat/6.html#2022. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Actividades,” 2024. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/cat/4.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “APEC agradece a Taiwán sus continuas contribuciones,” November 1, 2023. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/18975.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Comunicados de Prensa,” 2024. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/cat/10.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “La Oficina logró trasladar a 72 compatriotas a Miami,” March 20, 2020. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17657.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “La prestigiosa Revista Caretas realizó una entrevista al Representante de la Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú, Sr. Iván Yueh-Jung Lee,” April 22, 2021. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17881.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Representante de Taiwán hablará de retos de economía digital en cumbre de APEC,” November 16, 2018. https://roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17307.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Seminario ‘Taiwán y Perú: nuevos socios en un mundo cambiante,’” May 21, 2023. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/18773.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwán abre las puertas a los Arándanos del Perú,” September 15, 2020. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17739.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwán ayuda con camas eléctricas a hospital reflejando su compromiso con la OMS,” May 4, 2024. https://roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/post/19151.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwán dona 27 sillas de ruedas al Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia,” April 3, 2024. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/19132.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwan Inicia la Convocatoria al Programa de Becas 2019,” January 31, 2019. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17366.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Zhù chù yǔ zhùdì guānxì 駐處與 駐地關係 [Residency and resident relationship],” March 27, 2024. https://www.taiwanembassy.org/pe/post/1339.html. Orbach, John. “Explainer: China’s Free-Trade Agreements in Latin America.” AS/COA, February 15, 2024. https://www.as-coa.org/articles/explainer- chinas-free-trade-agreements-latin-america. Knecht 207 Parks, Bradley C., Ammar A. Malik, Brooke Escobar, Sheng Zhang, Rory Fedorochko, Kyra Solomon, Fei Wang, Lydia Vlasto, Katherine Walsh, and Seth Goodman. “Belt and Road Reboot: Beijing’s Bid to De-Risk Its Global Infrastructure Initiative.” Policy Report. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary, November 6, 2023. https://www.aiddata.org/publications/belt-and-road-reboot. Patrick, Igor. Hearts & Minds, Votes & Contracts: China’s State Media in Latin America. Washington, DC: Wilson Center, 2024. https://chinafellowship.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/docu ments/HeartsMindsVotesContracts.pdf. Paz, Gonzalo Sebastián. “China, United States and Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America: An Overview and Some Lessons from Previous Instances of Hegemonic Challenge in the Region.” The China Quarterly 209 (March 2012): 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011001469. Perlez, Jane. “Why Pelosi’s Taiwan Visit Is Raising U.S.-China Tensions.” The New York TImes, August 3, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/29/world/asia/china-taiwan-pelosi- explained.html. “Perú: Estadísticas de la Emigración Internacional de Peruanos e Inmigración de Extranjeros, 1990 – 2019.” El Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI), 2019. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Li b1812/libro.pdf. “Policy Paper On Latin America And The Caribbean.” State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2008. https://china.usc.edu/chinas-policy-paper-latin- america-and-caribbean. “Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean.” State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2016. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2016/11/24/content_2814754 99069158.htm. Poveda, Pablo. “Bolivia and China: Indirect Relations in a Global Market.” In Latin America Facing China: South-South Relations beyond the Washington Consensus, edited by Alex E. Fernández Jilberto and Barbara Hogenboom, 153–66. CEDLA Latin America Studies 98. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qd4bk. Purbrick, Martin. “United Front Work and Beyond: How the Chinese Communist Party Penetrates the United States and Western Societies.” Washington DC: Jamestown Foundation, April 12, 2023. https://jamestown.org/wp- content/uploads/2023/04/United-Front-Work-and-Beyond_How-the-Chinese- Communist-Party-Penetrates-the-United-States-and-Western-Societies.pdf. Rana, Kishan S. “China’s Foreign Ministry: Fit for Purpose in the Era of Xi Jinping, BRI and ‘Major Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics’?” China Report 55, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009445519853696. Ratigan, Kerry. “Are Peruvians Enticed by the ‘China Model’? Chinese Investment and Public Opinion in Peru.” Studies in Comparative International Development 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-021-09321-0. Knecht 208 Ray, Rebecca, and Margaret Myers. “Chinese Loans to Latin America and the Caribbean Database.” Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, 2023. https://www.thedialogue.org/map_list/. Regalado-Pezúa, Otto, and María Rosa Morán Macedo. “The Peru-China FTA.” In China’s Trade Policy in Latin America: Puzzles, Transformations and Impacts, edited by Dorotea López, Guoyou Song, Andrés Bórquez, and Felipe Muñoz, 81–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98664-3_6. Reuters. “China and Peru Set Ties; Will Exchange Envoys Soon.” The New York Times, November 3, 1971. Reuters. “Ecuador Reaches Deal with China to Restructure Debt.” September 20, 2022, sec. Americas. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/ecuador- reaches-deal-with-china-restructure-debt-2022-09-20/. Reuters. “Peru and China Hail Tightening Ties as Xi Visits After Trump Win.” November 22, 2016, sec. World. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru- china/peru-and-china-hail-tightening-ties-as-xi-visits-after-trump-win- idUSKBN13H09R/. Reuters. “Which Countries Can Chinese Passport Holders Visit Without a Visa?” January 29, 2024, sec. China. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/which- countries-can-chinese-passport-holders-visit-without-visa-2024-01-29/. Rimner, Steffen. “Chinese Abolitionism: The Chinese Educational Mission in Connecticut, Cuba, and Peru.” Journal of Global History 11, no. 3 (November 2016): 344–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022816000188. Rojas, Daniel. “A Cultural Diplomacy for the Other Side of the Pacific. Notes on the Relations between the People’s Republic of China and Colombia during the Cold War, 1952-1976.” In The Values of the Other, edited by Taku Kuroiwa, 71–92. Sendai, Miyagi, Japan: Tohoku University, 2020. https://hal.univ- grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-03622518/document. Rothman, Steven B. “Revising the Soft Power Concept: What Are the Means and Mechanisms of Soft Power?” Journal of Political Power 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2011.556346. Roy, Diana. “China’s Growing Influence in Latin America.” Council on Foreign Relations (blog), June 15, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china- influence-latin-america-argentina-brazil-venezuela-security-energy-bri. Searight, Amy. “Countering China’s Influence Operations: Lessons from Australia.” PacNet. Honolulu: Pacific Forum, 2020. https://pacforum.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/06/20200619_PacNet_36-1.pdf. Sevin, Efe. Public Diplomacy and the Implementation of Foreign Policy in the US, Sweden and Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-49334-3. Shen, Puma, and Min Hsuan Wu. “China Index.” Taiwan: Doublethink Lab, 2022. https://china-index.io/about. Shi, Weixuan, and Pengying Qu. “A Relevance-Adaptation Approach: A Study on China Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Remarks.” Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 36–40. “SIPRI Arms Transfers Database.” SIPRI, March 11, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55163/SAFC1241. Knecht 209 Statista. “Población extranjera por nacionalidad en Ecuador,” 2023. https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1190350/poblacion-extranjera-de-ecuador- por-nacionalidad/. Sun, Jing. “Growing Diplomacy, Retreating Diplomats – How the Chinese Foreign Ministry Has Been Marginalized in Foreign Policymaking.” Journal of Contemporary China 26, no. 105 (May 4, 2017): 419–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2016.1245895. Teng, Chung-Chian. “Mainland China’s Diplomatic Maneuver in Central America: The Impact of the Nicaragua Grand Canal.” Prospect Journal: Taiwan Forum, no. 13 (April 2015): 101–42. ———. “The Pattern of China’s Financial Initiative in Latin America: A Comparative Study.” Issues & Studies 53, no. 01 (March 2017): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013251117400033. “The Covid‐19 Pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Population and Development Review 48, no. 1 (March 2022): 263–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12484. The Economist. “Latin America Is Under Authoritarian Threat,” February 15, 2023. https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/02/15/latin-america-is-under- authoritarian-threat. The New York Times. “Chinese Opening Lima Office.” September 23, 1971, sec. Archives. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/09/23/archives/chinese-opening- lima-office.html. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Bolivia (BOL) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2022. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/bol. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Colombia (COL) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2022. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/col. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Ecuador (ECU) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2024. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ecu. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Peru (PER) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2024. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/per. The World Bank. “World Bank Country and Lending Groups,” 2024. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world- bank-country-and-lending-groups. Thompson, Drew. “Xi Jinping’s Reform and Rejuvenation of the United Front Work Department.” In Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping, edited by Arthur S. Ding and Jagannath P. Panda. Routledge Studies on Think Asia. New York: Routledge, 2021. www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-on- Think-Asia/book-series/TA. Torulagha, Priye S. “Challenges China and Taiwan Face in Developing Diplomatic and Economic Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Troisi Melean, Jorge. “Taiwan and the South Atlantic: A Shared History with Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Knecht 210 U.S. Department of State. “Integrated Country Strategies,” 2023. https://www.state.gov/integrated-country-strategies/. Valle, Valeria Marina. “Chinese Trade and Investments in Bolivia during Evo Morales Administrations: South-South or Dependency Relations?” In China- Latin America and the Caribbean: Assessment and Outlook, edited by Thierry Kellner and Sophie Wintgens, 1st ed., 248. London: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003037934. Vélez Rojas, Juan Felipe. “Bogotá and Sinovac Consolidate BogotáBIO, the Colombia’s First Vaccine Factory.” Bogota.gov.co, December 6, 2023. https://bogota.gov.co/en/international/bogota-and-sinovac-consolidate- bogotabio-colombias-first-vaccine. Velosa, Eduardo. “A Tale of Should Be but Is Not: The Political and Economic Drivers of Limited Chinese Investments in Colombia.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 643–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-09589-5. Walker, Christopher. “What Is ‘Sharp Power’?” Journal of Democracy 29, no. 3 (2018): 9–23. Wang, Ray, and Gerry Groot. “Who Represents? Xi Jinping’s Grand United Front Work, Legitimation, Participation and Consultative Democracy.” Journal of Contemporary China 27, no. 112 (July 4, 2018): 569–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1433573. Wang, Wenyu, and Shaoyang Sun. “Reflections on the Chinese United Front Cultural Soft Power Construction.” Canadian Social Science 11, no. 4 (2015): 167–70. https://doi.org/10.3968/6855. Watson, Cynthia. “China’s Use of the Military Instrument in Latin America: Not Yet the Biggest Stick.” Journal of International Affairs 66, no. 2 (2013): 101–17. Wendt, Alexander. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security 20, no. 1 (1995): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539217. Wise, Carol. Dragonomics: How Latin America Is Maximizing (or Missing Out on) China’s International Development Strategy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020. Wu, Yenna. “Recognizing and Resisting China’s Evolving Sharp Power.” American Journal of Chinese Studies 26, no. 2 (October 2019): 129–53. Xinhua. “Chinese FM Holds Talks with Bolivian Counterpart,” April 29, 2024. https://english.news.cn/20240429/db7e0e74e25e4f9ba8a0b1f565f682c9/c.htm l. Xinhua. “Texto Íntegro Del Comunicado de Prensa Conjunto Entre La República Popular China y La República Del Ecuador,” December 12, 2018. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2018-12/12/c_137669282.htm. Xu, Yanran. China’s Strategic Partnerships in Latin America: Case Studies of China’s Oil Diplomacy in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, 1991- 2015. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017. Yashar, Deborah J. “Does Race Matter in Latin America? How Racial and Ethnic Identities Shape the Region’s Politics.” Foreign Affairs 94, no. 2 (2015): 33– 40. Zhan, Tong. “The United Front Work System and the Nonparty Elite.” In Decision- Making in Deng’s China. Routledge, 1995. Zreik, Mohamad. “Soft Power and China-Taiwan Competition for Influence in Latin America.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Knecht 211 Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Zuppello, Maria. “Strategic Communication: How China Promotes and Communicates Its Political Agenda in Latin America.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3- 031-45166-9.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
111926021
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 馮慕文zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Fonseca, Fabricioen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 康以生zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Knecht, Ethan Johnen_US
dc.creator (作者) 康以生zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Knecht, Ethan Johnen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-八月-2024 13:00:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-八月-2024 13:00:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-八月-2024 13:00:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0111926021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152630-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111926021zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 使用以軟實力和公共外交為基礎的理論框架,並結合建構主義的廣義理論, 本論文分析中國外交官在對安第斯共同體國家(玻利維亞、哥倫比亞、厄瓜多爾和秘魯)進行雙邊外交時,公開文件中優先關注的主題領域。在分析政治議題的一個子集後,本論文探討中國外交官是否以及如何根據當地情況調整其推廣北京的一個中國原則和支持與台灣相關的統一戰線工作的方式。研究發現,中國外交官使用多種外交工具,與廣泛的當地受眾互動,並根據所處國家顯著改變其優先關注的主題。 此外,儘管本論文未發現提及一個中國原則的頻率與安第斯國家的一個中國政策之間存在關係,但發現中國外交官的修辭方法與當地一個中國政策之間存在關係。研究還發現統一戰線工作的使用與安第斯國家與台灣的外交親近程度之間存在一種初步關係。這進一步表明,中國外交官根據當地情況調整其方法。本論文最終為中國使用硬實力和軟實力工具來實現其外交政策目標的文獻做出了貢獻。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Using a theoretical framework premised on soft power and public diplomacy within the broader theory of constructivism, this thesis analyzes which topic areas Chinese diplomats prioritize in their publicly-available documents on bilateral diplomacy in the Andean Community countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Analyzing one subset of the political issues, this thesis then investigates whether and how PRC diplomats adjust their approaches to both promoting Beijing’s One China Principle and endorsing Taiwan-related United Front work depending on the local conditions. This thesis finds that Chinese diplomats use a wide-variety of diplomatic tools, engage with a broad-spectrum of local audiences, and significantly vary the priority topics they address based on the country that the diplomats are operating in. Additionally, while the thesis does not find a relationship between the relative frequency that One China is mentioned and an Andean country’s One China Policy, it does find a relationship between the rhetorical approaches that Chinese diplomats use and a local One China policy. It also finds a tentative relationship between the use of United Front Work and the diplomatic closeness of the Andean country with Taiwan. This further suggests that Chinese diplomats adjust their approaches to the local conditions. This thesis ultimately contributes to the literature on China’s employment of soft power tools to achieve its foreign policy goals.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 9 1.1 RESEARCH MOTIVATION.......... 9 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTION AND ARGUMENT ..... 14 1.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK..... 17 1.4 METHODOLOGY ...... 26 1.5 THESIS OVERVIEW ... 32 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............. 35 2.1 CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY............ 35 2.2 CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE ANDES .............. 46 CHAPTER 3: GENERAL TRENDS IN CHINESE DIPLOMATIC STATEMENTS ...... 65 3.1 INTRODUCTION ..... 65 3.2 DATASET OVERVIEW... 65 3.3 DATASET ACTORS..... 71 3.4 EMBASSY RELEASE TOPIC OVERVIEW.......... 79 3.5 DEEPER DIVES ON THE TOPICS AND ACTORS ....... 90 3.6 CONCLUSIONS ...... 116 CHAPTER 4: THE ONE CHINA PRINCIPLE AND POLICIES IN THE ANDES............ 118 4.1 INTRODUCTION ... 118 4.2 OVERVIEW FROM THE DATASET ........... 121 4.3 CASE STUDIES .... 124 4.4 CONCLUSION..... 148 CHAPTER 5: TAIWAN’S OVERSEAS REPRESENTATION AND THE UNITED FRONT......... 150 5.1 INTRODUCTION .... 150 5.2 OVERVIEW FROM THE DATASET ....... 152 5.3 CASE STUDIES..... 155 5.4 CONCLUSIONS ....... 167 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS .......... 169 BIBLIOGRAPHY: .... 177zh_TW
dc.format.extent 8847285 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外交政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 建構主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 軟實力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拉丁美洲zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 安第斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一個中國原則zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一個中國政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 統一戰線工作zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Foreign Policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Constructivismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Soft Poweren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latin Americaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Andesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) One China Principleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) One China Policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) United Front Worken_US
dc.title (題名) 中國在安地斯山脈的外交政策:透過外國使館聲明了解: 中國的外交政策和涉台優先事項zh_TW
dc.title (題名) PRC Foreign Policy in the Andes: Understanding China’s Foreign Policy and Taiwan-Related Priorities through Foreign Embassy Statementsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Agencia Peruana de Noticias (Andina). “Peru’s FA Min: China’s President Confirms Presence at APEC, to Make State Visit,” May 8, 2024. https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-perus-fa-min-chinas-president-confirmed- presence-at-apec-to-make-state-visit-984878.aspx. Agramont, Daniel, and Gustavo Bonifaz. “The Growing Chinese Presence in Latin America and Its (Geo)Political Manifestations in Bolivia.” Working Paper. LSE Global South Unit Working Papers Series. London: London School of Economics, 2018. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/88088/1/Working%20Paper%20No.%202.%202018%2 0%28Agramont%20and%20Bonifaz%29.pdf. AidData. “China’s Public Diplomacy Dashboard Dataset, Version 2.0.” Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary University, 2021. http://china-dashboard.aiddata.org. Albó, Xavier. “Ethnic Identity and Politics in the Central Andes: The Cases of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.” In Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, edited by Jo-Marie Burt, 17–37. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6zd. Alden, Chris, and Álvaro Méndez. China and Latin America: Development, Agency, and Geopolitics. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023. Al-Sudairy, Mohammed. “The Communist Party of China’s United Front Work in the Gulf: The ‘Ethnic Minority Overseas Chinese’ of Saudi Arabia as a Case Study.” Riyadh: King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS), March 1, 2018. AP. “Ecuador Breaks Taiwan Ties.” The New York Times, November 19, 1971, sec. Archives. Armony, Ariel C. “A View from Afar: How Colombia Sees China.” The China Quarterly, no. 209 (March 2012): 178–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011001536. Barrios, Ricardo. “Reimagining U.S. Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean in Response to a Risen China.” In From Trump to Biden and Beyond: Reimagining US–China Relations, edited by Earl A. Carr Jr., 39–59. Singapore: Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4297-5_4. Bellows, Thomas J. “Taiwan’s Foreign Policy in the 1970s: A Case Study of Adaptation and Viability.” Asian Survey 16, no. 7 (1976): 593–610. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643160. Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (BCN). “The Chinese Community in Latin America.” Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, November 11, 2008. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/chinese-community- latin-america. Bos, Sabrina van den. “China’s Colombia Conundrum: From Warm Reception to Failure, Apathy and Prejudice.” In China in the Global South: Impact and Perceptions, edited by Theodor Tudoroiu and Anna Kuteleva, 193–231. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1344- 0_10. Burt, Jo-Marie, and Philip Mauceri. “Introduction.” In Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, edited by Jo-Marie Burt and Philip Mauceri, 1–14. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6zd. Cancillería de Bolivia [@MRE_Bolivia]. “El Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia expresa su solidaridad con la hermana República Popular de China.” Tweet. Twitter, April 4, 2024. https://twitter.com/MRE_Bolivia/status/1775981220960067943. Cancillería de Colombia. “Declaración Conjunta Entre La República Popular China y La Republica de Colombia Sobre El Establecimiento de La Asociación Estratégica,” October 25, 2023. https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/declaracion-conjunta- republica-popular-china-republica-colombia-establecimiento. Cancillería del Ecuador. “Declaración Conjunta Entre La República Del Ecuador y La República Popular China Sobre La Profundización de La Asociación Estratégica Integral Ecuatoriana-China,” February 5, 2022. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/2022/02/05/declaracion-conjunta-entre-la- republica-del-ecuador-y-la-republica-popular-china-sobre-la-profundizacion- de-la-asociacion-estrategica-integral-ecuatoriana-china/. Cardenal, Juan Pablo. “Reframing Relations in Peru.” In Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, edited by Jessica Ludwig and Christopher Walker, 67–93. Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy, 2017. https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising- Authoritarian-Influence-Full-Report.pdf. ———. “The Art of Making Friends: How the Chinese Communist Party Seduces Political Parties in Latin America.” Montevideo: Center for the Opening and Development of Latin America (CADAL), 2021. https://www.cadal.org/researchreports/pdf/The-art-of-making-friends.pdf. Cardenal, Juan Pablo, and Carmen Grau. “El poder blando de China en Perú.” Buenos Aires: CADAL, December 2017. https://www.cadal.org/informes/pdf/El- poder-blando-de-China-en-Peru.pdf. Cardenal, Juan Pablo, Jacek Kucharczyk, Grigorij Mesežnikov, Gabriela Pleschová, Jessica Ludwig, and Christopher Walker. “Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence.” Sharp Power and Democratic Resilience. Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy, December 5, 2017. https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising- Authoritarian-Influence-Full-Report.pdf. “Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012: Características de La Población.” Instituto Nacional de Estadística, February 2015. https://bolivia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub- pdf/Caracteristicas_de_Poblacion_2012.pdf. CGTN. “China and Peru Agree to Foster China-Latin America and Caribbean Cooperation,” April 29, 2024. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2024-04-29/China- Peru-to-foster-China-Latin-America-and-Caribbean-cooperation- 1tcBevM1MK4/p.html. Checkel, Jeffrey T. “The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory.” Edited by Martha Finnemore, Peter Katzenstein, and Audie Klotz. World Politics 50, no. 2 (1998): 324–48. Chen, Dean P. “The Trump Administration’s One-China Policy: Tilting toward Taiwan in an Era of U.S.-PRC Rivalry?” Asian Politics & Policy 11, no. 2 (2019): 250–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12455. Knecht 178 Chiang, Frank. The One-China Policy: State, Sovereignty, and Taiwan’s International Legal Status. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Elsevier, 2017. Chong Ja, Ian. “The Many ‘One Chinas’: Multiple Approaches to Taiwan and China.” Article. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2023. https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/02/09/many-one-chinas-multiple- approaches-to-taiwan-and-china-pub-89003. Chonn Ching, Victoria, and Alvin Camba. “A Comparative View of Chinese Relations with Peru.” In China, Latin America, and the Global Economy: Economic, Historical, and National Issues, edited by Aaron Schneider and Alessandro Golombiewski Teixeira, 275–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18026-2_12. Chow, Peter C. Y., ed. The “One China” Dilemma. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230611931. Christensen, Steen Fryba. “China’s Impact on Latin American Development: A Comparative Study of Bolivia and Venezuela.” Journal of China and International Relations, September 16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jcir.v4i2.1590. CIA. “Peru.” The World Factbook, July 3, 2024. https://www.cia.gov/the-world- factbook/countries/peru/. “Colombia y China: treinta años de amistad y cooperación.” Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, November 2010. https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/sites/default/files/chinacolombia_web.pdf. “Comunicado Conjunto Sobre El Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomaticas Entre La Republica Del Ecuador y La Republica Popular China.” Cancillería del Ecuador, December 24, 1979. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/wp- content/uploads/sites/78/2021/03/TRA_2460.pdf. Consulate-General of the People’s Republic of China in Christchurch. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Juan Evo Morales Ayma of Bolivia Push for Unceasing Development of China-Bolivia Friendly and Mutually Beneficial Relations,” December 19, 2013. http://christchurch.china- consulate.gov.cn/eng/zgxw/201312/t20131223_83365.htm. Creutzfeldt, Benjamin. “China’s Diplomatic Outreach to Latin America: The Growing Influence and Strategic Mobility of Beijing’s Ambassadors.” Working Paper Series. Lima: Center for China and Asia-Pacific Studies, Universidad del Pacífico, October 2022. https://cechap.up.edu.pe/wp- content/uploads/Working-Paper-Nro5-Benjamin-Creutzfeldt.pdf. Dai, Yaoyao, and Luwei Rose Luqiu. “Wolf Warriors and Diplomacy in the New Era: An Empirical Analysis of China’s Diplomatic Language.” China Review 22, no. 2 (2022): 253–83. “Declaración Conjunta entre la República del Ecuador y La República Popular China Sobre el Establecimiento de la Asociación Estratégica Integral.” Cancillería del Ecuador, November 17, 2016. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/wp- content/uploads/sites/78/2021/03/TRA_10294.pdf. “Diplomatic Relations Between Bolivia and China as of 9 July 1985.” United Nations, July 9, 1985. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1639121. Dotson, John. “China Explores Economic Outreach to U.S. States Via United Front Entities.” China Brief 19, no. 12 (June 26, 2019): 1–7. Ellis, R. Evan. China in Latin America: The Whats and Wherefores. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. Knecht 179 ———. China on the Ground in Latin America: Challenges for the Chinese and Impacts on the Region. Political Economy of East Asia. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. ———. China-Latin America Military Engagement: Good Will, Good Business, and Strategic Position. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822038895736?urlappend=%3Bseq=3. ———. “Chinese Advances and Setbacks in Colombia.” IndraStra Global 3, no. 5 (2017): 7. ———. “Ecuador’s Leveraging of China to Pursue an Alternative Political and Development Path.” Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs 1, no. 1 (Fall 2018): 79– 104. ———. “PRC Engagement with Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe: Comparisons and Insights.” Journal of the Americas Third Edition (2023). https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/JOTA/journals/Volume-5_Issue- 3/Ellis%20-%20English-12-27-23.pdf. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Cānyì Zhǎng Luō Délǐ Gé Sī Qiǎnzé Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚参议⻓罗德里格斯谴责佩洛⻄窜访台湾 [Bolivian Senate President Rodríguez Condemns Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan],” August 13, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220815_10743587.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Fù Wàizhǎng Mǎ Mǎ Ní Chóngshēn Kèshǒu Yīgè Zhōngguó Yuánzé 玻利维亚副外⻓⻢⻢尼重申恪守一个中国原则 [Bolivia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Mamani Reiterated Its Adherence to the One-China Principle],” August 13, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220815_10743586.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Gòngchǎndǎng Fābiǎo Gōngbào Qiǎnzé Měiguó Zhòng Yìzhǎng Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚共产党发表公报谴责美国众议⻓佩 洛⻄窜访台湾 [The Bolivian Communist Party Issues a Communiqué Condemning U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan],” August 3, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220804_10733975.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Wàizhǎng Mǎ Yī Tǎ Dàibiǎo Bō Zhèngfǔ Chóngshēn Kèshǒu Yīgè Zhōngguó Yuánzé 玻利维亚外⻓⻢伊塔代表玻政府重申恪守一个中 国原则 [Bolivian Foreign Minister Maita Reiterated on Behalf of the Bolivian Government Its Adherence to the One-China Principle],” August 17, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220818_10745035.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Zhízhèng Dǎng ‘Zhēngqǔ Shèhuì Zhǔyì Yùndòng’ Dǎng Fābiǎo Gōngbào Qiǎnzé Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚执政党‘争取社会 主义运动’党发表公报谴责佩洛⻄窜访台湾 [Bolivia’s Ruling Party, the Movement for Socialism, Issued a Communiqué Condemning Pelosi’s Visit to Knecht 180 Taiwan],” August 5, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220806_10736233.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Zhízhèng Dǎng Zhǔxí, Qián Zǒngtǒng Mò Lā Lái Sī Qiǎnzé Pèi Luò Xī Cuàn Fǎng Táiwān 玻利维亚执政党主席、前总统莫拉莱斯谴责佩 洛⻄窜访台湾 [Bolivian Ruling Party Chairman and Former President Morales Condemns Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan],” August 4, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220806_10736231.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Bōlìwéiyǎ Zhǔliú Méitǐ ‘Lǐxìng Bào’ Quánwén Zhuǎnfā Zhōngguó Wàijiāo Bù Shēngmíng 玻利维亚主流媒体《理性报》全文转发中国外交部声明 [Bolivian Mainstream Media ‘Reason’ Forwarded the Full Text of the Statement of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs],” August 3, 2022. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220804_10733973.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “China Publica Libro Blanco Sobre Cuestión de Taiwan y Reunificación En Nueva Era,” August 10, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202208/t20220811_10740856.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Declaración Del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de La República Popular China,” August 3, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202208/t20220803_10732423.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “El Embajador Huang Yazhong Publica Artículo de Opinión Sobre La Visita Relámpago de La Presidenta de La Cámara de Representantes de EEUU Nancy Pelosi a La Región China de Taiwan,” August 12, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202208/t20220812_10742585.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Embajador Huang Yazhong Publica En El Periódico Ahora El Pueblo Artículo de Opinión Sobre El XX Congreso Nacional Del Partido Comunista de China,” November 4, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202211/t20221105_10800936.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Nánměi Rénmín Shèhuì Zǔzhī Liánméng Fābiǎo Gōngbào Chóngshēn Jiānchí Yīgè Zhōngguó Yuánzé 南美人⺠社会组织联盟发表公报重申坚持 一个中国原则 [The Alliance of South American People’s Social Organizations Issued a Communiqué Reaffirming Its Adherence to the One- China Principle],” August 13, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202208/t20220813_10742779.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Palabras Del Agregado Defensa Para Celebrar El 94° Aniversario de La Fundación Del EPL,” July 30, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw_6/202107/t20210731_9098209.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhōngguó Xiàng Bō Tígōng Dān Pī Zuìdà Shùliàng Yìmiáo Shùnlì Wánchéng Jiāofù 中国向玻提供单批最大数量疫苗顺利完成交付 [China Knecht 181 Has Successfully Delivered the Largest Single Batch of Vaccines to Bolivia],” September 7, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202109/t20210908_10444074.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huáng Yà Zhòng Chūxí Bō Gòngchǎndǎng Jiàndǎng 73 Zhōunián Qìngdiǎn 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中出席玻共产党建党 73 周年庆典 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attended the 73rd Anniversary Celebration of the Founding of the Communist Party of Bolivia],” January 18, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230119_11012298.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huáng Yà Zhòng Chūxí Dì Èr Jiè Zhōng Bō Qǐyè Jiā Qiàtán Huì 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中出席第二届中玻企业家洽谈会 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attended the 2nd China-Bolivia Entrepreneurs Forum],” September 24, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202209/t20220926_10772065.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huáng Yà Zhòng Chūxí Xiàng Bō Cānyìyuàn Juānzèng Pínkùn Jiātíng Shèngdàn Wèiwèn Pǐn Jiāojiē Yíshì 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中 出席向玻参议院捐赠贫困家庭圣诞慰问品交接仪式 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attended the Handover Ceremony of Christmas Gifts for Poor Families Donated to the Bolivian Senate],” December 22, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202112/t20211222_10473978.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Bàihuì Bō Wàijiāobù Xīnrèn Duōbiān Sī Zhǎng Sāngbùlānà 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中拜会玻外交部新任多边司⻓桑 布拉纳 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Pays a Courtesy Call on Bolivia’s Newly Appointed Director General of Multilateral Affairs, Zambrana],” January 25, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230125_11014446.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Chūxí Bō Lǐ Zīyuán Kāifā Hézuò Xiéyì Qiānyuē Yíshì 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中出席玻锂资源开发合作协议签约仪 式 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attends the Signing Ceremony of the Cooperation Agreement on Bolivia’s Lithium Resource Development],” July 1, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230701_11106458.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Chūxí Zhōng-Bō Lǐ Zīyuán Kāifā Quán Chǎnyè Liàn Guǎnlǐ Xiànshàng Yánxiūbān Kāibān Yíshì 驻玻利维亚大使黄 亚中出席中玻锂资源开发全产业链管理线上研修班开班仪式 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Attends the Opening Ceremony of the Online Training Course on the Full Industrial Chain Management of China- Knecht 182 Bolivia Lithium Resource Development],” July 7, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202207/t20220708_10717097.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Cíxíng Bàihuì Bō Kuàngyè Hé Yějīn Bùzhǎng Jīsīpèi 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中辞行拜会 玻矿业和冶金部⻓基斯 佩 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Pays a Farewell Visit to Bolivia’s Minister of Mining and Metallurgy, Quispe],” July 21, 2023. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230722_11116617.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyà Dàshǐ Huáng Yàzhōng Jiēshòu Bō Guójiā Diànshìtái Zhíbò Zhuānfǎng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中接受玻国家电视台直播专访 [Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Gave a Live Interview on Bolivia’s National Television],” January 22, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230122_11013981.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Bàihuì Bō Sānjūn Zǒng Sīlìng Bā Liè Huò Sī Zhōng Jiàng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中拜会玻三军总司令巴列霍斯中将 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Met with Commander-in-Chief of the Bolivian Armed Forces Lieutenant General Vallejos],” April 28, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202105/t20210505_9099473.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Bàihuì Bō Xīnrèn Sānjūn Zǒng Sīlìng Ālán Dí Yà Lùjūn Shàng Jiàng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中拜会玻新任三军总司令阿 兰迪亚陆军上将 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Paid a Courtesy Call on the New Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Bolivia, General Alandia],” November 15, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202211/t20221115_10975073.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Cíxíng Bàihuì Bō Fù Wàizhǎng Bù Lán Kē 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中辞行拜会玻副外⻓布兰科 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Paid a Farewell Visit to Bolivian Deputy Foreign Minister Blanco],” July 26, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230726_11118289.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Cíxíng Bàihuì Bō Sānjūn Zǒng Sīlìng Ālán Dí Yà Lùjūn Shàng Jiàng 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中辞行拜会玻三军总司令阿 兰迪亚陆军上将 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Paid a Farewell Visit to Commander-in-Chief of the Bolivian Armed Forces General Alandia],” July 24, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202307/t20230725_11117763.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Bō Fù Zǒngtǒng Qiáo Kè Wàn Kǎ 驻 玻利维亚大使黄亚中会⻅玻副总统乔克万卡 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Meets with Bolivian Vice President Jock Huanca],” Knecht 183 November 4, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202111/t20211105_10444513.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Bō Wàijiāo Bù Zhǔguǎn Lǐngshì Fù Bùzhǎng Qiū Jī Mǐ Yà 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中会⻅玻外交部主管领事副部 ⻓丘基米娅 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Met with Bolivian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs for Consulates Chukimia],” April 21, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202304/t20230421_11062663.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Fù Wàizhǎng Mǎ Mǎ Ní 驻玻利维亚 大使黄亚中会⻅副外⻓⻢⻢尼 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Meets with Deputy Foreign Minister Mamani],” September 1, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202109/t20210904_9099875.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Huìjiàn Sūkèléi Shì Zhǎng Lái Yà Ní Ào 驻 玻利维亚大使黄亚中会⻅苏克雷市⻓莱亚尼奥 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Meets with Mayor of Sucre Leianio],” December 3, 2021. http://bo.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202112/t20211203_10461681.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Jítǐ Huìjiàn Bō Lìfǎ Dàhuì Bō Zhōng Yìhuì Yǒuhǎo Xiǎozǔ 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中集体会⻅玻立法大会玻中议会友好 小组 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Met with the Bolivian Legislative Assembly and the Bolivian-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship Group],” October 20, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202210/t20221020_10786255.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Kǎochá Bōlìwéiyǎ Chéngshì Ānquán Jíchéng Zhǐhuī Kòngzhì Xìtǒng Xiàngmù 驻玻利维亚大使黄亚中考察玻利维亚城 市安全集成指挥控制系统项目 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Inspected the Bolivia Urban Security Integrated Command and Control System Project],” April 24, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202304/t20230424_11064859.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Dàshǐ Huángyàzhōng Yǔ Lābā Sī Shěng Qiáo Tuán Zuòtán 驻玻利 维亚大使黄亚中与拉巴斯省侨团座谈 [Ambassador to Bolivia Huang Yazhong Held a Discussion with the Overseas Chinese Delegation in La Paz Province],” September 28, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202209/t20220928_10772875.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Duì Zhōng Zī Qǐyè Xiàngmù Kāizhǎn Zònghé Ānquán Xúnshì 驻玻利维亚使馆对中资企业项目开展综合安全巡视 [The Embassy in Bolivia Conducts Comprehensive Safety Inspections on Chinese-Funded Knecht 184 Enterprise Projects],” October 12, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202210/t20221014_10783309.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Guófáng Wǔguān Yán Lì Dàxiào Qìngzhù Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Jiàn Jūn 94 Zhōunián de Jiǎnghuà 驻玻利维亚使馆国防 武官严力大校庆祝中国人⺠解放军建军 94 周年的讲话 [Speech by Senior Colonel Yan Li, Defense Attaché of the Embassy in Bolivia, Celebrating the 94th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army],” July 29, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202107/t20210730_9099785.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Hé Zhù Shèng Kè Lǔ Sī Zǒng Lǐng Guǎn Gòngtóng Jǔbàn 2021 Nián Xiàn Shàng Chūnjié Zhāodài Huì 驻玻利维亚使馆和驻圣克鲁斯 总领馆共同举办 2021 年线上春节招待会 [The Embassy in Bolivia and the Consulate General in Santa Cruz Jointly Hosted the 2021 Online Spring Festival Reception],” February 11, 2021. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202102/t20210211_10444067.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Jǔbàn 2023 Nián Xīnchūn Zhāodài Huì 驻玻利维亚使馆 举办 2023 年新春招待会 [The Embassy in Bolivia Holds the 2023 New Year Reception],” January 20, 2023. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202301/t20230120_11013438.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. “Zhù Bōlìwéiyǎ Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng Guóqìng 73 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Zhāodài Huì 驻 玻利维亚使馆举行国庆 73 周年线上招待会 [The Embassy in Bolivia Held an Online Reception to Celebrate the 73rd Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China],” October 1, 2022. http://bo.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/gdxw/202210/t20221006_10777348.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “America’s Coercive Diplomacy and Its Harm,” May 23, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202305/t20230523_11082343.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “China’s Solemn Position on the ‘Taiwan Independence’ Fallacies Propagated by the Deputy Leader of China’s Taiwan Region Lai Ching-Te,” August 23, 2023. http://co.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202308/t20230823_11130405.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Chóngqìng bālěiwǔtuán《Bǎinián Hóngméi Sòng》liàngxiàng Gēlúnbǐyà Dà Jùyuàn Wǔdǎo Jì Yún Zhǎnyǎn 重庆芭蕾舞团《百年红梅颂》亮相哥伦比亚大剧 院舞蹈季云展演 [Chongqing Ballet’s ‘A Century of Red Plum Praise’ Debuts at the Colombia Grand Theatre’s Dance Season Virtual Performance],” April 23, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202204/t20220423_10672546.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Dì Èr Jiè ‘Hànyǔ Qiáo’ Shìjiè Xiǎoxuéshēng Zhōngwén Xiù Gēlúnbǐyà Yún Dà Sài Knecht 185 Knecht 186 Chénggōng Jǔbàn 第二届‘汉语桥’世界小学生中文秀哥伦比亚云大赛成功 举办 [The 2nd ‘Chinese Bridge’ World Primary School Students Chinese Show Virtual Competition in Colombia Was Successfully Held],” May 31, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202205/t20220531_10694785.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Dì Èrshí Jiè Shìjiè Dàxuéshēng ‘Hànyǔ Qiáo’ Gēlúnbǐyǎ Sàiqū ‘OPPO Bēi’ Yún Dàsài Chénggōng Jǔxíng 第二十届世界大学生‘汉语桥’哥伦比亚赛区‘OPPO 杯’ 云大赛成功举行 [The 20th ‘Chinese Bridge’ Columbia Division ‘OPPO Cup’ Cloud Competition for World College Students Was Successfully Held],” July 22, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202107/t20210723_9049839.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Full Text: The Taiwan Question and China’s Reunification in the New Era,” August 11, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202208/t20220811_10740545.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Guānyú ‘Jiànkāngmǎ’ Shēnlǐng Yāoqiú de Zuìxīn Zōnghé Tōngzhī 关于‘健康码’申领 要求的最新综合通知 [The Latest Comprehensive Notice on the Requirements for Applying for the ‘Health Code.’],” March 1, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202203/t20220301_10646517.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Guānyú Yuándàn Qījiān Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Lǐng Qiáo Chù Zàntíng Duìwài Jiēdài de Tōngzhī 关于元旦期间驻哥伦比亚使馆领侨处暂停对外接待的通知 [Notice on the Suspension of External Services by the Consular Section of the Chinese Embassy in Colombia during the New Year Period],” December 23, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202312/t20231223_11210038.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Bàihuì Gēlúnbǐyǎ Xīnrèn Guóhuì Zhǔxí Jiān Cānyì Zhǎng 蓝虎大使拜 会哥伦比亚新任国会主席兼参议⻓ [Ambassador Lan Hu Paid a Courtesy Call on the New President of Colombia’s Congress and President of the Senate],” August 24, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202208/t20220824_10749851.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyà Āndìsī Dàxué Kǒngzǐ Xuéyuàn Jiànyuàn 15 Zhōunián Qìngdiǎn Huódòng 蓝虎大使出席哥伦比亚安第斯大学孔子学院建院 15 周 年庆典活动 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the 15th Anniversary Celebration of the Confucius Institute at Andes University in Colombia],” November 11, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202211/t20221111_10973006.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyǎ Gòngchǎndǎng Dì Èrshísān Cì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì 蓝虎大使出席哥伦比亚共产党第二十三次全国代表大会 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the 23rd National Congress of the Communist Party of Colombia],” December 10, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202212/t20221210_10988331.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyà Shāngǔ Dàxué Zhōngguó Wénhuà Yuè Kāimùshì 蓝 虎大使出席哥伦比亚山谷大学中国文化月开幕式 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the Opening Ceremony of the China Culture Month at Valle University in Colombia],” September 30, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202209/t20220930_10775994.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Cānyìyuàn Wài Wěi Huì Zhǔxí Fú Luò Léi Sī 蓝虎 大使会⻅哥伦比亚参议院外委会主席弗洛雷斯 [Ambassador Lan Hu Meets with Flores, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Colombian Senate],” February 22, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202302/t20230222_11029828.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Xīnrèn Wàizhǎng 蓝虎大使会⻅哥伦比亚新任外⻓ [Ambassador Lan Hu Meets with Colombia’s New Foreign Minister].” Accessed April 28, 2024. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202208/t20220824_10751012.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Zhízhèng Dǎng Zǒng Shūjì 蓝虎大使会⻅哥伦比亚 执政党总书记 [Ambassador Lan Hu Meets with the General Secretary of Colombia’s Ruling Party],” March 24, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202303/t20230324_11048290.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Yǔ Āndìsī Gòngtóngtǐ Mìshū Zhǎng Pèidé Lāsà Jǔxíng Shìpín Huì 蓝虎 大使与安第斯共同体秘书⻓佩德拉萨举行视频会 [Ambassador Lan Hu Held a Video Conference with the Secretary General of the Andean Community, Pedraza],” January 28, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202101/t20210129_4293805.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Yǔ Bùfèn Zài Gē Kǒngyuàn Hànyǔ Jiàoshī Jí Liúxuéshēng Jǔxíng Zuòtán 蓝虎大使与部分在哥孔院汉语教师及留学生举行座谈 [Ambassador Lan Hu Held a Discussion with Some Chinese Language Teachers and Students at the Confucius Institute in Colombia],” October 12, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202210/t20221012_10781199.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Presidente Hu Jintao Se Entrevistó Con Su Homólogo Colombiano Álvaro Uribe Vélez,” December 12, 2008. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/zggx/200908/t20090831_4254350.htm. Knecht 187 Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Qin Gang Holds Talks with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken,” June 20, 2023. http://co.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202306/t20230620_11100101.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “The Reasons Why the Island of Taiwan Should Not Participate in the World Health Assembly,” May 19, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202105/t20210520_9048067.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Wàijiāo Bù Fāyán Rén Jiù Qī Guó Jítuán Guǎngdǎo Fēnghuì Chǎozuò Shè Huá Yìtí Dá Jìzhě Wèn 外交部发言人就七国集团广岛峰会炒作涉华议题答记者问 [Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Answers Reporters’ Questions on the Hype of China-Related Issues at the G7 Hiroshima Summit],” May 23, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202305/t20230523_11081732.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “《Xiǎo Qiáo Liúshuǐ Rénjiā》kāiqǐ Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Guóqìng Xìliè Wénhuà Zhǎnyǎn 《小桥流水人家》开启驻哥伦比亚使馆国庆系列文化展演 ["Small Bridge, Flowing Water, and Homes" Kicks off the Series of Cultural Performances for National Day at the Chinese Embassy in Colombia],” September 21, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202109/t20210922_9563340.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhānglìpíng Línshí Dàibàn Chūxí Gēlúnbǐyǎ Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Zuòtán Huì 张立平临时代办出席哥伦比亚中国和平统一促进会座谈会 [Charge d’affaires Zhang Liping Attended the Symposium of the Colombia-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association],” May 10, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202305/t20230510_11074701.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhānglìpíng Línshí Dàibàn Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyǎ Guóhuì Xīnrèn Zhòng Yìzhǎng Kǎ Liè 张立 平临时代办会⻅哥伦比亚国会新任众议⻓卡列 [Charge d’affaires Zhang Liping Meets with the New Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Colombian Congress Callie],” August 9, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202308/t20230809_11124111.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhèngfǔ Lāměi Shìwù Tèbié Dàibiǎo Qiūxiǎoqí Fǎngwèn Gēlúnbǐyǎ 中国政 府拉美事务特别代表邱小琪访问哥伦比亚 [Qiu Xiaoqi, the Chinese Government’s Special Representative for Latin American Affairs, Visits Colombia],” June 29, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202306/t20230629_11105822.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Dàshǐ Lán Hǔ Jǔxíng Lí Rèn Zhāodài Huì 中国驻哥伦比亚大 使蓝虎举行离任招待会 [Chinese Ambassador to Colombia Lan Hu Holds a Knecht 188 Departure Reception],” March 25, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202303/t20230325_11049060.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng ‘Wēnnuǎn Yíng Chūn’ Wèiwèn Qiáobāo Hé Liúxuéshēng Huódòng 中国驻哥伦比亚使馆举行 ‘温暖迎春’慰问侨胞和留 学生活动 [The Chinese Embassy in Colombia Held the ‘Warm Spring Welcome’ Event to Greet and Comfort Overseas Chinese and Students],” January 14, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202301/t20230114_11007355.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhōngguó Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Shǐguǎn Yǔ Gē Guójiā Jǐngchá Liánhé Jǔbàn Zhōngfāng Jīgòu Hé Rényuán Ānquán Fángfàn Péixùn Huìyì 中国驻哥伦比亚使馆与哥国家 警察联合举办中方机构和人员安全防范培训会议 [The Chinese Embassy in Colombia and the Colombian National Police Jointly Held a Security Training Meeting for Chinese Institutions and Personnel],” June 24, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202306/t20230624_11102898.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Dàshǐ Zhū Jīngyáng Huìjiàn Gēlúnbǐyà Shìjiè Xiǎojiě Sàishì Fùzé Rén 驻哥伦比亚大使朱京阳会⻅哥伦比亚世界小姐赛事负责人 [Chinese Ambassador to Colombia Zhu Jingyang Meets with the Organizer of the Miss World Colombia Pageant],” September 19, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202309/t20230919_11144962.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Dàshǐ Zhūjīngyáng Chūxí Kē Xìng Gōngsī Yǔ Gē Fāng Hézī Gōngsī Qiānyuē Yíshì 驻哥伦比亚大使朱京阳出席科兴公司与哥方合资公 司签约仪式 [Ambassador to Colombia Zhu Jingyang Attended the Signing Ceremony of the Joint Venture between Sinovac and Colombia],” December 20, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202312/t20231220_11207308.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyǎ Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng Jiàn Jūn 94 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Zhāodài Huì 驻 哥伦比亚使馆举行建军 94 周年线上招待会 [The Embassy in Colombia Held an Online Reception Celebrating the 94th Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Liberation Army],” July 30, 2021. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202107/t20210731_9049853.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhù Gēlúnbǐyà Shǐguǎn Tíxǐng Lǚ Gē Zhōngguó Gōngmín Niándǐ Jiāqiáng Ānquán Fángfàn 驻哥伦比亚使馆提醒旅哥中国公⺠年底加强安全防范 [The Embassy in Colombia Reminds Chinese Citizens in Colombia to Strengthen Security Measures at the End of the Year],” December 15, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202212/t20221215_10990626.htm. Knecht 189 Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhū Jīngyáng Dàshǐ Zài Guóqìng 74 Zhōunián Jì Dàorèn Zhāodàihuì Shàng de Jiǎnghuà (Quánwén) 朱京阳大使在国庆 74 周年暨到任招待会上的讲话(全 文) [Ambassador Zhu Jingyang’s Speech at the National Day 74th Anniversary and Welcome Reception (Full Text)],” September 28, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202309/t20230928_11152529.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica de Colombia. “Zhūjīngyáng Dàshǐ Bàihuì Gēlúnbǐyǎ Fù Zǒngtǒng Jiān Píngděng Bùzhǎng Mǎ’ěr Kè Sī 朱 京阳大使拜会哥伦比亚副总统兼平等部⻓⻢尔克斯 [Ambassador Zhu Jingyang Paid a Courtesy Call on Colombian Vice President and Minister of Equality Marquez],” November 17, 2023. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202311/t20231117_11182001.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Aviso Importante de La Embajada de La República Popular China En La República de Ecuador y Consulado General de La República Popular China En Guayaquil : Ya No Hace Falta Hacer Citas Previas En Línea Para La Solicitud de Visas a Partir Del 20 de Noviembre de 2023,” November 18, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202311/t20231118_11182922.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Aviso Sobre Continuación de Exención Temporal y Parcial de La Toma de Huellas Dactilares Para Solicitantes Del Visado Chino,” December 15, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/lsfw/zytz/202312/t20231215_11203583.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Chén Guóyǒu Dàshǐ Huìjiàn è Guóhuì Guójì Guānxì Hé Yímín Shìwù Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí Fú Luò Léi Sī (2021-07-21) 陈国友大使会⻅厄国会国际关系和移⺠事务委员 会主席弗洛雷斯(2021-07-21) [Ambassador Chen Guoyou Met with Flores, Chairman of the Committee on International Relations and Immigration of the Ecuadorian Parliament (2021-07-21)],” July 22, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202107/t20210722_9047389.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Consejero Político y Portavoz de La Embajada de China Sr. Wang Xinming Recibió Entrevista Por El Portal Confirmado.Net Sobre La Tercera Reunión de Ministros Del Foro China-CELAC,” December 15, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202112/t20211215_10469896.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Discurso Del Embajador Chen Guoyou En La Ceremonia de Entrega de Computadoras al Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana Del Ecuador(2021- 09-28),” September 29, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202109/t20210929_9506888.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Discurso Del Embajador Chen Guoyou En La Recepción Con Motivo Del 74o Aniversario de La Fundación de La República Popular China,” September 28, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202309/t20230928_11151983.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Èguāduō’ěr Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Qiángliè Kàngyì Làiqīngdé Cuàn Fǎng Knecht 190 Měiguó 厄瓜多尔中国和平统一促进会强烈抗议赖清德窜访美国 [Ecuador Association for the Promotion of China’s Peaceful Reunification Strongly Protests Lai Qingde’s Visit to the United States],” August 16, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230816_11127740.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Publica Artículo de Opinión En El Telégrafo Sobre El 25o Aniversario Del Regreso de Hong Kong a La Patria,” July 6, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202207/t20220706_10716450.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Publica Artículo de Opinión En El Telégrafo Sobre El XX Congreso Nacional Del Partido Comunista de China,” October 16, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202210/t20221017_10784483.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Publica En El Telégrafo Artículo de Opinión Titulado La Estabilización y Recuperación de La Economía China Envían Señales Positivas al Mundo,” October 14, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202310/t20231014_11160922.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Embajador Chen Guoyou Recibió Entrevista Por El Portal Confirmado.Net Sobre La Iniciativa Para La Seguridad Global,” May 19, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202205/t20220519_10688871.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Entrevista al Encargado de Negocios a.i. de La Embajada de La R.P. China En El Ecuador, Wang Xinming,” August 12, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202208/t20220813_10742777.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “La Tendencia Histórica de La Reunificación Completa de China Es Irreversible, El Artículo de Opinión Del Encargado de Negocios a.i. Wang Xinming,” August 5, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202208/t20220805_10735998.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Lán Hǔ Dàshǐ Chūxí Kūnmíng Shì Tóng Yàměiníyǎ Shì Fāzhǎn Yǒuhǎo Chéngshì Guānxì Yìxiàngshū Qiānshǔ Yíshì 蓝虎大使出席昆明市同亚美尼亚市发展友好城 市关系意向书签署仪式 [Ambassador Lan Hu Attended the Signing Ceremony of the Letter of Intent to Develop Sister City Relations between Kunming and Armenia],” April 1, 2022. http://co.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxwfb/202204/t20220401_10658412.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhōngguó Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐlǐngguǎn Guānyú Tiáozhěng Zì Èguāduō’ěr Fù Huá Rényuán Jiànkāngmǎ/Jiànkāng Zhuàngkuàng Shēngmíng Shū Shòulǐ Yāoqiú de Tōngzhī 中国驻厄瓜多尔使领馆关于调整自厄瓜多尔赴华人员健康码/ 健康状况声明书受理要求的通知 [Notice from the Chinese Embassy and Consulates in Ecuador on Adjusting the Requirements for the Health Code/Health Status Declaration for Personnel Traveling from Ecuador to China],” May 19, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220519_10688902.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Bàihuì è Guóhuì Dì Yī Fù Zhǔxí Bèi Luòsī Knecht 191 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友拜会厄国会第一副主席⻉洛斯 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Paid a Courtesy Visit to First Vice President of the Ecuadorian Congress Belos],” December 13, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231213_11201240.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Bàihuì è Guóhuì Guójì Guānxì Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí Pà Lā 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友拜会厄国会国际关系委员会主席帕拉 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Paid a Courtesy Visit to Chairman of the International Relations Committee of the Ecuadorian Congress Parra],” December 5, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231205_11194743.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Bàihuì è Guóhuì Zhǔxí Kè Lóng Fú Lái 驻厄 瓜多尔大使陈国友拜会厄国会主席克龙弗莱 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Paid a Courtesy Visit to President of the Ecuadorian Congress Cromfry],” December 7, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231207_11196208.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí è Zǒngtǒng Mò Léinuò Yíngjiē Zhōngguó Xīnguān Yìmiáo Yíshì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席厄总统莫雷 诺迎接中国新冠疫苗仪式 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attended the Ceremony of Ecuadorian President Moreno Welcoming China’s New Crown Vaccine],” April 7, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202104/t20210408_9047343.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Èguāduō’ěr Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Chénglì 20 Zhōunián Jìniàn Dàhuì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席厄 瓜多尔中国和平统一促进会成立 20 周年纪念大会 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attended the 20th Anniversary Meeting of the Ecuador Association for the Promotion of China’s Peaceful Reunification],” May 16, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220516_10686470.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Sānfāng Ānquán Liánxí Huìyì 驻厄瓜 多尔大使陈国友出席三方安全联席会议 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attended the Tripartite Security Joint Meeting],” May 30, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202305/t20230531_11086398.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Yóu Zhōngguó Yōudài Zījīn Zhīchí Chóngjiàn de Màntǎ Jīchǎng Qǐyòng Yíshì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席由中 国优贷资金支持重建的曼塔机场启用仪式 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attends the Inauguration Ceremony of Manta Airport, Knecht 192 Rebuilt with Preferential Loan Funds from China],” December 7, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202212/t20221207_10986268.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Chūxí Zhōngzī Qǐyè Bǎozhàng Fáng Xiàngmù Jiāofù Yíshì 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友出席中资企业保障房项目交 付仪式 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Attends the Handover Ceremony of a Housing Project Supported by Chinese Enterprises],” January 12, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230113_11006715.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Fābiǎo 2023 Nián Chūnjié Zhìcí 驻厄瓜多尔 大使陈国友发表 2023 年春节致辞 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Delivered a 2023 Spring Festival Speech],” January 19, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230120_11012443.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Fù Jī Duō Shèng Fúlǎngxīsī Kē Dàxué Xuān Jiè Zhōnggòng Èrshí Dà Jīngshén 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友赴基多圣弗朗⻄ 斯科大学宣介中共二十大精神 [Ambassador Chen Guoyou Went to the University of San Francisco in Quito to Introduce the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China],” November 10, 2022. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202211/t20221110_10926424.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn Duōmǐníjiā Zhù è Dàshǐ Kǎlā Fū 驻 厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅多米尼加驻厄大使卡拉夫 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Met with Dominican Ambassador to Ecuador Khalaf],” November 21, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202311/t20231121_11184079.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Dāngxuǎn Fù Zǒngtǒng ā Wǎ Dé 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄当选副总统阿瓦德 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with Ecuadorian Vice President-Elect Awad],” November 12, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202311/t20231112_11178729.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Gòngchǎndǎng Zǒng Shūjì Ālā Ěr Kǒng 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄共产党总书记阿拉尔孔 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with General Secretary of the Communist Party of Ecuador Alarcon],” January 7, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202201/t20220107_10479673.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn È Jīngjì Cáizhèng Bùzhǎng Āluósāiméinà 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄经济财政部⻓阿罗塞梅纳 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with Ecuador’s Knecht 193 Minister of Economy and Finance, Arosemena],” January 6, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230107_11003896.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Shèhuìdǎng Qián Zhǔxí Suǒ Lā Nuò Yīxíng 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅厄社会党前主席索拉诺一行 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Met with Former Chairman of the Socialist Party of Ecuador Solano and His Delegation],” October 11, 2023. http://ec.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202310/t20231011_11159095.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn è Wàizhǎng Màn Lǐ Kè Hé Shēngchǎn, Wàimào, Tóuzī Hé Yúyè Bùzhǎng Pǔlāduō 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国 友会⻅厄外⻓曼里克和生产、外贸、投资和渔业部⻓普拉多 [Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Met with Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Manrique and Minister of Production, Foreign Trade, Investment and Fisheries Prado],” April 18, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202304/t20230419_11061356.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Dàshǐ Chén Guóyǒu Huìjiàn Guójì Huòbì Jījīn Zǔzhī Zhù È Dàibiǎo Léinuò 驻厄瓜多尔大使陈国友会⻅国际货币基金组织驻厄代表雷 诺 [Chinese Ambassador to Ecuador Chen Guoyou Meets with the IMF Representative in Ecuador, Reynaud],” November 5, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202111/t20211105_10444591.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Jǔbàn Tóng Lǚ è Qiáo Jiè ‘Wēnnuǎn Yíngchūn’ Liánhuān 驻厄瓜多尔使馆举办同旅厄侨界‘温暖迎春’联欢 [The Embassy in Ecuador Held a ‘Warm Spring Festival’ Party for the Overseas Chinese Community in Ecuador],” December 10, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202212/t20221210_10988418.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Jǔxíng Qìngzhù Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Chénglì 73 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Zhāodài Huì 驻厄瓜多尔使馆举行庆祝中华人⺠共 和国成立 73 周年线上招待会 [The Embassy in Ecuador Held an Online Reception to Celebrate the 73rd Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China],” September 27, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202209/t20220928_10772811.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Línshí Dàibàn Wángxīnmíng Zài è Zhǔliú Méitǐ ‘Shāng Bào’ Pībó Shè Tái Miùlùn 驻厄瓜多尔使馆临时代办王新明在厄主流媒体 《商报》批驳涉台谬论 [Wang Xinming, Charge d’affaires of the Embassy in Ecuador, Refuted Taiwan-Related Fallacies in Ecuador’s Mainstream Media ‘Business Daily’],” August 25, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220825_10753646.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Wángxīnmíng Línshí Dàibàn Chūxí Wǒ Guǎn Jiàn Jūn Knecht 194 Knecht 195 95 Zhōunián Xiàn Shàng Qìngzhù Huódòng 驻厄瓜多尔使馆王新明临时代 办出席我馆建军 95 周年线上庆祝活动 [Charge d’Affaires Wang Xinming of the Embassy in Ecuador Attended the Online Celebration of the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Embassy in Ecuador],” August 3, 2022. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220804_10733966.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐguǎn Xiàng Āi Ěr Ào Luō Shěng Dìzhèn Zāiqū Juānzhù Wùzī 驻厄瓜多尔使馆向埃尔奥罗省地震灾区捐助物资 [The Embassy in Ecuador Donates Materials to the Earthquake-Stricken Areas in El Oro Province],” July 28, 2023. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202307/t20230729_11119608.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador. “Zhù Èguāduō’ěr Shǐlǐngguǎn Tíxǐng Lǚ È Tóngbāo Jǐnshèn Duìdài Yǒuguān Shāngyè Bāojī Huíguó Xìnxī 驻厄瓜多尔使领馆提醒旅厄同胞谨慎对待有 关商业包机回国信息 [The Embassy and Consulates in Ecuador Remind Chinese Nationals in Ecuador to Be Cautious about Information Regarding Commercial Charter Flights Back to China],” May 13, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202105/t20210514_9047355.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Bìlǔ Gèjiè Yù Zhù Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dì Èrshí Cì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì Shènglì Zhàokāi 秘鲁各界预祝中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会胜利召开 [All Walks of Life in Peru Wish the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China a Successful Convening],” October 14, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202210/t20221014_10783965.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Bìlǔ Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Fābiǎo Guānyú Jiānjué Fǎnduì Làiqīngdé Cuàn Měide Yánzhèng Shēngmíng 秘鲁中国和平统一促进会发表关于坚决反对 赖清德窜美的严正声明 [The Peruvian Association for the Promotion of China’s Peaceful Reunification Issued a Solemn Statement on Resolutely Opposing Lai Qingde’s Attempt to Infiltrate the United States],” August 10, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230810_11124797.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “China Publica Libro Blanco Sobre Cuestión de Taiwan y Reunificación En Nueva Era,” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202208/t20220810_10740443.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Cì Wàng Píng Cuò Gōngshǐ Xiàng Bìlǔ Qiáo Tuán Zhuàn Jiāo Guówùyuàn Qiáo Bàn ‘Nuǎn Xīnbāo’ 次旺平措公使向秘鲁侨团转交国务院侨办‘暖心包’ [Minister Ciwang Pingcuo Handed over a ‘Heart-Warming Package’ from the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council to the Peruvian Overseas Chinese Mission],” June 7, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202306/t20230607_11090771.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Cì Wàng Píng Cuò Línshí Dàibàn Chūxí Bìlǔ Zhōngguó Hépíng Tǒngyī Cùjìn Huì Huìyuán Huìyì 次旺平措临时代办出席秘鲁中国和平统一促进会会员会议 [Charge d’affaires Ciwang Pingcuo Attended the Meeting of Members of the Peruvian Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China],” September 19, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202309/t20230919_11144944.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Guówùyuàn Tái Bàn, Guówùyuàn Xīnwén Bàn Fābiǎo ‘Táiwān Wèntí Yǔ Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tǒngyī Shìyè’ Báipíshū 国务院台办、国务院新闻办发表《台湾 问题与新时代中国统一事业》白皮书 [The Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council and the Information Office of the State Council Released a White Paper on ‘The Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era’],” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220810_10740453.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Portavoz Comenta Libro Blanco Sobre Cuestión de Taiwan y Reunificación de China En Nueva Era,” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/202208/t20220811_10740532.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Chūxí Bìlǔ Guóhuì ‘Zhōng Mì Guānxì Huígù Yǔ Zhǎnwàng’ Lùntán Bìng Zhìcí 宋扬大使出席秘鲁国会‘中秘关系回顾与展望’论坛并致辞 [Ambassador Song Yang Attended the ‘Review and Prospects of China-Peru Relations’ Forum of the Congress of Peru and Delivered a Speech],” June 16, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202306/t20230616_11099150.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Chūxí Bìlǔ Tōng Huì Zǒngjú Dì 24 Jiè Lǐ Jiānshìhuì Jiùzhí Diǎnlǐ 宋扬大使 出席秘鲁通惠总局第 24 届理监事会就职典礼 [Ambassador Song Yang Attended the Inauguration Ceremony of the 24th Board of Directors and Supervisors of the General Administration of Peru],” January 3, 2023. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202301/t20230103_10999819.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Guójiā Jǐngchá Guójì Xíngjǐng Jú Júzhǎng ā Wéi Lā Shàojiàng 宋扬大使会⻅秘鲁国家警察国际刑警局局⻓阿维拉少将 [Ambassador Song Yang Met with Major General Avila, Director of the Interpol Bureau of the Peruvian National Police],” December 20, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202312/t20231220_11208277.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Wàijiāo Bù Yà Dà Sī Sī Zhǎng Jī Luósī 宋扬大使会⻅秘鲁外交 部亚大司司⻓基罗斯 [Ambassador Song Yang Met with Quirós, Director of the Department of Asia and Oceania of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru],” September 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202209/t20220910_10764855.htm. Knecht 196 Knecht 197 Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Sòng Yáng Dàshǐ Wèi Bìlǔ Guójiā Gāoděng Yánjiū Zhōngxīn Gāojí Kèchéng Bān Shòukè 宋扬 大使为秘鲁国家高等研究中心高级课程班授课 [Ambassador Song Yang Teaches the Advanced Course Class of the Peruvian National Center for Advanced Studies],” November 23, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202211/t20221123_10979547.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “‘Táiwān Wèntí Yǔ Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tǒngyī Shìyè’ Báipíshū 《台湾问题与新时代中国 统一事业》白皮书 ["Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era" White Paper],” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220810_10740425.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Xi Jinping Se Reúne Con Presidente de Perú Ollanta Humala,” July 19, 2014. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/zbgx/201408/t20140819_4463517.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōng Mì Shuāngbiān Ānbǎo Liánxí Huìyì Jīzhì Chénglì Bìng Jǔxíng Shǒucì Huìyì 中秘 双边安保联席会议机制成立并举行首次会议 [China-Peru Bilateral Security Joint Meeting Mechanism Was Established and Held Its First Meeting],” May 14, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220514_10686107.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Tái Bàn Fāyán Rén Shòuquán Jiù Fābiǎo ‘Táiwān Wèntí Yǔ Xīn Shídài Zhōngguó Tǒngyī Shìyè’ Báipíshū Fābiǎo Tánhuà 中共中央台办发言 人受权就发表《台湾问题与新时代中国统一事业》白皮书发表谈话 [A Spokesman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Was Authorized to Make a Statement on the Release of the White Paper ‘The Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era’],” August 10, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220810_10740530.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōngguó Zhù Bìlǔ Shǐguǎn Tóng Mì Zhǔyào Qiáo Tuán, Huáwén Méitǐ Dàibiǎo Jǔxíng Xīnchūn Wèi Qiáo Shìpín Zuòtán Huì 中国驻秘鲁使馆同秘主要侨团、华文 媒体代表举行新春慰侨视频座谈会 [The Chinese Embassy in Peru Held a New Year’s Video Symposium to Express Condolences to Overseas Chinese with Representatives of the Main Overseas Chinese Delegations and Chinese Media in Peru],” February 4, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202102/t20210204_4504697.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhōngyāng Guǎngbò Diànshì Zǒng Tái Lāměi Zǒngzhàn Yǔ Zhù Bìlǔ Shǐguǎn Liánhé Jǔbàn ‘Xīn Zhēngchéng de Zhōngguó Yǔ Shìjiè’ Bìlǔ Zhuānchǎng Yántǎo Huì 中央广播电视总台拉美总站与驻秘鲁使馆联合举办‘新征程的中国与世 界’秘鲁专场研讨会 [China Central Radio and Television Station Latin America and the Embassy in Peru Jointly Held a Peru-Specific Seminar on ‘China and the World in the New Journey’],” October 27, 2022. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202210/t20221027_10792666.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Bàihuì Bìlǔ Xīnrèn Shēngchǎn Bù Bùzhǎng Yīn Xī’ōu 驻秘鲁大使 梁宇拜会秘鲁新任生产部部⻓因⻄欧 [Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Pays a Courtesy Call on Peru’s Newly Appointed Minister of Production, Insiño],” October 23, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202110/t20211023_9617924.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Bàihuì Mì Nèizhèng Bùzhǎng Jì Lián 驻秘鲁大使梁宇拜会秘内政 部⻓纪廉 [Ambassador Liang Yu Paid a Courtesy Visit to Peruvian Minister of the Interior Guillen],” November 27, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202111/t20211127_10454237.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Guófáng Bùzhǎng Kǎlā Sī Kē 驻秘鲁大使梁宇会⻅秘 鲁国防部⻓卡拉斯科 [Ambassador Liang Yu Meets with Peruvian Defense Minister Carrasco],” December 21, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202112/t20211221_10473858.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Jǔxíng ‘Zhōngguó Wàijiāo Hé Zhōng-Bì Guānxì’ Zhuāntí Xiànshàng Jiǎngzuò 驻秘鲁大使梁宇举行‘中国外交和中秘关系’ 专题线上 讲座 [Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Held an Online Lecture on ‘Chinese Diplomacy and China-Peru Relations.’],” May 18, 2022. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202205/t20220518_10688663.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Zài Bì Guānfāng Méitǐ ‘Bìlǔrén Bào’ Fābiǎo Shǔmíng Wénzhāng ‘Quánqiú Ānquán Chàngyì——Yìngduì Quánqiú Ānquán Kùnjìng de Zhōngguó Fāng’àn’ 驻秘鲁大使梁宇在秘官方媒体《秘鲁人报》发表署名 文章《全球安全倡议——应对全球安全困境的中国方案》[Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Published a Signed Article in Peru’s Official Media ‘El Peruano’ Titled ‘Global Security Initiative - China’s Plan to Address Global Security Challenges.’],” April 30, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202204/t20220430_10680869.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Zài Bì Guānméi ‘Bìlǔrén Bào’ Fābiǎo Shǔmíng Wénzhāng ‘Wánshàn Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū Xuǎnjǔ Zhìdù’ 驻秘鲁大使梁宇在 秘官媒《秘鲁人报》发表署名文章《完善香港特别行政区选举制度》 [Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Published a Signed Article in Peru’s Official Media ‘El Peruano’ Titled ‘Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.’],” April 7, 2021. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202104/t20210407_9082324.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Liáng Yǔ Zài Bì Zhǔliú Méitǐ ‘Jīngyíng Bào’ Fābiǎo Shǔmíng Wénzhāng Knecht 198 ‘Zhōngguó Jīngjì Zài Fùzá Wàibù Huánjìng Zhōng Wěndìng Qiánxíng’ 驻秘 鲁大使梁宇在秘主流媒体《经营报》发表署名文章《中国经济在复杂外 部环境中稳定前行》[Chinese Ambassador to Peru Liang Yu Published a Signed Article in Peru’s Mainstream Media ‘Gestión’ Titled ‘China’s Economy Steadily Advances in a Complex External Environment.’],” June 15, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202206/t20220615_10703242.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Sòng Yáng Bàihuì Bìlǔ Shǒudū Lì Mǎ Shì Shì Zhǎng Luò Pèisī-Ālǐ Yǎ Jiā 驻 秘鲁大使宋扬拜会秘鲁首都利⻢市市⻓洛佩斯-阿里亚加 [Ambassador to Peru Song Yang Paid a Courtesy Visit to Mayor Lopez Arriaga of Lima, the Capital of Peru],” February 22, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202302/t20230222_11029169.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Sòng Yáng Cānjiā Fújiàn Tóngxiāng Huì Huànjiè Xuǎnjǔ Dàhuì 驻秘鲁大使 宋扬参加福建同乡会换届选举大会 [Ambassador to Peru Song Yang Attended the General Election Meeting of the Fujian Association],” October 27, 2022. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202210/t20221027_10792591.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Dàshǐ Sòng Yáng Huìjiàn Bìlǔ Rénmín Lìliàng Dǎng Zhǔxí Téngsēn Qìng Zi 驻秘鲁 大使宋扬会⻅秘鲁人⺠力量党主席藤森庆子 [Ambassador to Peru Song Yang Met with Keiko Fujimori, Chairman of the People’s Power Party of Peru],” August 3, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230803_11121642.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “Zhù Bìlǔ Shǐguǎn Jǔbàn Zhāodài Huì Rèliè Qìngzhù Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Jiàn Jūn 96 Zhōunián 驻秘鲁使馆举办招待会热烈庆祝中国人⺠解放军建军 96 周年 [The Embassy in Peru Held a Reception to Warmly Celebrate the 96th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army],” August 3, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202308/t20230803_11121653.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Peru. “驻秘鲁大使宋扬 在秘主流媒体《共和国报》发表署名文章《中国式⺠主助力创造人类文 明新形态》,” April 6, 2023. http://pe.china- embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202304/t20230406_11054865.htm. Embajada de la Republica Popular China en Venezuela. “Xi Jinping Sostiene Conversación Con Presidente Ecuatoriano Rafael Correa Delgado,” January 7, 2015. http://ve.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/zgxw/201501/t20150112_4549987.htm. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Democratic Republic of Timor- Leste. “Hu Jintao Meets with Peruvian President Garcia,” November 13, 2009. http://tl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/200911/t20091118_1114474.htm. Knecht 199 Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Sultanate of Oman. “Xi Jinping Meets with President Juan Evo Morales Ayma of Bolivia,” July 17, 2014. http://om.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/201407/t20140721_1246719.htm. Erikson, Daniel P., and Janice Chen. “China, Taiwan, and the Battle for Latin America.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 31, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 69– 89. Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. “Bolivia reafirma lazos de hermandad con la República Popular de China,” February 1, 2024. https://cancilleria.gob.bo/mre/2024/02/01/13834/. Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. “Declaración Conjunta de la República Popular China y el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia sobre el Establecimiento de la Asociación Estratégica,” June 19, 2018. https://www.cancilleria.gob.bo/webmre/node/2564. Expansión/Datosmacro.com. “Colombia - Inmigración 2020,” 2020. https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/migracion/inmigracion/colombi a. Flockhart, Trine. “Constructivism and Foreign Policy.” In Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases, edited by Tim Dunne, Amelia Hadfield, and Steve Smith, 3rd ed., 79–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708902.001.0001. Focus Taiwan. “Taiwan Trade Office in Ecuador Forced to Change Name: MOFA,” June 27, 2017. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201706270014. Fonseca, Fabricio A. “Looking for a Platform in North America: Taiwan, Mexico and Cross-Strait Relations.” Revista UNISCI / UNISCI Journal, no. 46 (January 2018): 107–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/RUNI.58375. Fonseca, Fabricio A., and Yen-Pin Su. “Taiwan’s Diplomatic Instruments and Challenges in Its Relations with China-Aligned Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. ForeignAssistance.gov. “2022 Obligations,” June 27, 2024. https://foreignassistance.gov/. Freeman, Will. “The Organized Crime Threat to Latin American Democracies.” Council on Foreign Relations (blog), January 2, 2024. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-01-02/organized-crime- corruption-latin-america-democracy-immigration-alberto-fujimori-peru- ecuador-mexico-guatemala-costa-rica. Gallagher, Kevin. The China Triangle: Latin America’s China Boom and the Fate of the Washington Consensus. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016. Gallagher, Kevin P, Amos Irwin, and Katherine Koleski. “The New Banks in Town: Chinese Finance in Latin America.” China and Latin America. Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, March 2012. https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/the-new-banks-in-town-chinese-finance- in-latin-america/. Ganchev, Ivo. “China Pushed the Pink Tide and the Pink Tide Pulled China: Intertwining Economic Interests and Ideology in Ecuador and Bolivia (2005– 2014).” World Affairs 183, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 359–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0043820020965968. Knecht 200 Garzón, Paulina, and Diana Castro. “China-Ecuador Relations and the Development of the Hydro Sector: A Look at the Coca Codo Sinclair and Sopladora Hydroelectric Projects.” In Building Development for a New Era: China’s Infrastructure Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Enrique Dussel Peters, Ariel C. Armony, and Shoujun Cui, 24–57. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg, 2018. https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/asc/sites/default/files/BuildingDevelopmentNewEra. pdf. Gill, Bates, and Benjamin Schreer. “Countering China’s ‘United Front.’” The Washington Quarterly 41, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 155–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2018.1485323. Gilstrap, Jake. “Chinese Confucius Institutes in Latin America: Tools of Soft Power.” Perry Center Occassional Paper. Washington, DC: William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, October 2021. https://wjpcenter.org/wp- content/uploads/2023/09/Chinese-Confucius-Institutes-in-LATAM.pdf. Gonzalez-Vicente, Ruben. “South–South Relations Under World Market Capitalism: The State and the Elusive Promise of National Development in the China– Ecuador Resource-Development Nexus.” Review of International Political Economy 24, no. 5 (September 3, 2017): 881–903. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2017.1357646. ———. “The Political Economy of Sino-Peruvian Relations: A New Dependency?” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 97–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261204100104. Gransow, Bettina. “Chinese Infrastructure Investment in Latin America - An Assessment of Strategies, Actors and Risks.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 20, no. 3 (September 2015): 267–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366- 015-9362-2. Gregory, Bruce. “American Public Diplomacy: Enduring Characteristics, Elusive Transformation.” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 3–4 (March 21, 2011): 351–72. https://doi.org/10.1163/187119111X583941. Groot, Gerry. “The CCP’s United Front Work Department: Roles and Influence at Home and Abroad.” In The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies, edited by Chris Shei and Weixiao Wei. Routledge Handbooks. New York: Routledge, 2021. Guoyou, Chen. “Ambassador Chen Guoyou: China and Ecuador Have Forged Closer Ties in the Fight Against the Virus and Are Implementing a Blueprint for Their Post-Pandemic Relations.” Embajada de la Republica Popular China en la Republica del Ecuador, April 26, 2021. http://ec.china- embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202104/t20210427_9047209.htm. Hamilton, Clive, and Mareike Ohlberg. Hidden Hand: Exposing How the Chinese Communist Party Is Reshaping the World. London: Oneworld Publications, 2021. Herrera-Vinelli, Lorena, and Mateo Bonilla. “Ecuador-China Relations: The Growing Effect of Chinese Investment on Ecuadorian Domestic Politics, 2007–2016.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 623–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-09588-6. Hopf, Ted. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory.” International Security 23, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 171–200. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.23.1.171. Knecht 201 Hsiang, Antonio C. “Theorizing Taiwan’s Relations with Latin America.” In Taiwan’s Relations with Latin America: A Strategic Rivalry between the United States, China, and Taiwan, edited by Antonio C. Hsiang and He Li. London: Lexington Books, 2021. Hsiao, Russell. “A Preliminary Survey of CCP Influence Operations in Japan.” China Brief 19, no. 12 (June 26, 2019): 16–21. Hu, Jintao. “Full Text of Hu Jintao’s Report at 17th Party Congress.” Xinhua, October 24, 2007. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007- 10/24/content_6204564_8.htm. Jakobson, Linda, and Ryan Manuel. “How Are Foreign Policy Decisions Made in China?” Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 3, no. 1 (2016): 101–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.121. Johnson, Kavita. “The ‘One China’ Policy: Battleground for Recognition in the Caribbean.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Ju, Angela. “The Early History of China and Taiwan in Latin America: Cuba and Peru from 1837 to 1971.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde, 19–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9_2. Kroenig, Matthew, Melissa McAdam, and Steven Weber. “Taking Soft Power Seriously.” Comparative Strategy 29, no. 5 (November 24, 2010): 412–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2010.520986. Labarca, Claudia, María Montt Strabucchi, and Ingrid Bachmann. “Nuances of Public Diplomacy: China in Chilean Op-Eds (2018-2021).” Communication & Society 36, no. 2 (March 2023): 339–53. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.36.2.339-353. Liang, Meng-Yu, Jorge Andrés Contreras Calderón, and Juan Pablo López Agudelo. “Past, Present, and the Future of Colombia’s Commercial Relations with China and Taiwan.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Liff, Adam P. “Japan, Taiwan and the ‘One China’ Framework after 50 Years.” The China Quarterly 252 (December 2022): 1066–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741022001357. Liff, Adam P., and Dalton Lin. “The ‘One China’ Framework at 50 (1972–2022): The Myth of ‘Consensus’ and Its Evolving Policy Significance.” The China Quarterly 252 (December 2022): 977–1000. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030574102200131X. Loh, Dylan M. H. China’s Rising Foreign Ministry: Practices and Representations of Assertive Diplomacy. Stanford University Press, 2024. Loh, Dylan M H. “Institutional Habitus, State Identity, and China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.” International Studies Review 22, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 879–902. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz051. López, Alejandra Saravia, and Adam Rua Quiroga. “An Assessment of the Environmental and Social Impacts of Chinese Trade and FDI in Bolivia.” In China and Sustainable Development in Latin America: The Social and Knecht 202 Environmental Dimension, edited by Andres Lopez, Andres López, Cynthia Sanborn, Kevin Gallagher, and Rebecca Ray, 147–82. Anthem Press, 2017. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/china-and-sustainable-development-in- latin-america/an-assessment-of-the-environmental-and-social-impacts-of- chinese-trade-and-fdi-in-bolivia/C48458AE04613B022B97E7756C826C70. Ludwig, Jessica, and Christopher Walker. “From ‘Soft Power’ to ‘Sharp Power’: Rising Authoritarian Influence in the Democratic World.” In Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, edited by Jessica Ludwig and Christopher Walker, 8–25. International Forum for Democratic Studies. Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy, 2017. https://www.ned.org/wp- content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising-Authoritarian-Influence-Full- Report.pdf. Maggiorelli, Lorenzo. “Taiwan’s Development Aid to Latin America and the Caribbean and the One China Policy.” Razón Crítica 7 (July 2019): 177–208. https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1513. Manke, Albert. “The Impact of the 1949 Chinese Revolution on a Latin American Chinese Community: Shifting Power Relations in Havana’s Chinatown.” Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 61, no. 2 (December 3, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201800207. Marczak, Jason, Pepe Zhang, and Cristina Guevara. “COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker: Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, May 12, 2021. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/covid-19- vaccine-tracker-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/. Márquez-Carriel, Gabriel, Fidel Márquez-Sánchez, and Arnaldo Vergara-Romero. “Relationship Between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Ecuador: A Perspective from the Dependency Theory.” Universidad y Sociedad 15, no. 2 (March 17, 2023): 49-62. Mauceri, Philip. “State, Elites, and the Response to Insurgency: Some Preliminary Comparisons between Colombia and Peru.” In Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, edited by Jo-Marie Burt and Philip Mauceri, 146–63. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6zd. Mazza, Jacqueline. “Chinese Migration to Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, 2016. https://www.thedialogue.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/10/Chinese_Migration_to_LAC_Mazza-1.pdf. Mendoza, Luz. “Taiwán cerrará sus oficinas en Bolivia.” eju.tv, May 25, 2009. https://eju.tv/2009/05/taiwn-cerrar-sus-oficinas-en-bolivia/. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. “Declaración Conjunta Entre El Gobierno de La República Del Perú y El Gobierno de La República Popular China,” May 22, 2015. http://www.rree.gob.pe/Noticias/Paginas/DC-019-15.aspx. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “El Presidente Xi Jinping Sostiene Un Encuentro Con La Presidenta Del Perú Dina Boluarte,” November 17, 2023. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/esp/zxxx/202311/t20231117_11182131.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Hu Jintao Holds Talks with Peruvian President Garcia,” March 19, 2008. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3447_665449/3513_665118/35 15_665122/200803/t20080319_596366.html. Knecht 203 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Li Keqiang Holds Talks with President Juan Manuel Santos of Colombia, Stressing to Take the 35th Anniversary of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations as Opportunity to Jointly Compose a New Chapter For China-Colombia Friendly Cooperation,” May 22, 2015. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/topics_665678/2015zt/lkqdbxglbyblzljxzsfw/201 505/t20150526_704997.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “President Xi Jinping Speaks with President Martín Vizcarra of Peru on the Phone,” April 30, 2020. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3447_665449/3513_665118/35 15_665122/202005/t20200501_596501.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Iván Duque Márquez of Colombia,” July 31, 2019. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3447_665449/3483_665038/34 85_665042/201908/t20190802_595483.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President of Colombia Gustavo Petro,” October 25, 2023. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202310/t20231031_11170951.html . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski of Peru,” November 22, 2016. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/topics_665678/2016zt/XJPDEGDEBLZLJXGSF WBCXZBLLMJXDYTJHZZDESSCLDRFZSHY/201611/t20161124_704398 .html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Meets with President Juan Manuel Santos of Colombia,” November 20, 2016. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/topics_665678/2016zt/XJPDEGDEBLZLJXG SFWBCXZBLLMJXDYTJHZZDESSCLDRFZSHY/201611/t20161122_704 390.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Se Reúne Con Presidente de Ecuador Guillermo Lasso,” February 5, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/esp/zxxx/202202/t20220206_10639494.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Se Reúne Con Presidente de Ecuador Rafael Correa,” July 17, 2014. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/gjhdq/ldmz/3493/3495/201407/t20140719_968 272.html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi Jinping Sostiene Conversación Telefónica Con Presidente de Bolivia Luis Arce Catacora,” January 29, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/esp/wjb/zzjg/ldmzs/xwlb/202101/t20210130_936060. html. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. “Xi, Morales Hold Talks, Agree to Establish China-Bolivia Strategic Partnership,” June 19, 2018. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/ldmzs_664952/x wlb_664954/201806/t20180620_593562.html. Miskimmon, Alister, Ben O’Loughlin, and Laura Roselle. Strategic Narratives: Communication Power and the New World Order. Routledge Studies in Global Information, Politics and Society 3. New York ; London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. Knecht 204 MOFA. “Zhōnghuá mínguó 109 nián wàijiāo niánjiàn 中華⺠國 109 年外交年鑑 [Diplomatic Yearbook of the 109th Year of the Republic of China].” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taipei, 2021. https://multilingual.mofa.gov.tw/web/web_UTF- 8/almanac/almanac2020/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9 C%8B109%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%B9%B4%E9%9 1%91.pdf. Monni, Salvatore, and Luca Serafini. “A Dangerous Alliance? The Relationship Between Ecuador and China.” Development, Local/Global Encounters, 60, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-018-0159-4. Monsalve, Luis Diego. “Challenges and Opportunities for Colombia and China.” In China and the World in a Changing Context: Perspectives from Ambassadors to China, edited by Huiyao Wang and Lu Miao, 99–107. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8086-1_12. Moraiti, Athina. “An Analysis of the Relations Between China, Taiwan, and Argentina and the Belt and Road Initiative.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3- 031-45166-9. Moriyasu, Ken. “China Presses Global South Leaders to Support Taiwan ‘Reunification.’” Nikkei Asia, June 24, 2024. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-presses-Global- South-leaders-to-support-Taiwan-reunification. Morón Araujo, Diana Marcela. “Análisis del proceso de establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Colombia y la República Popular China.” Universidad Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, 2008. https://repository.urosario.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/b321a4f2-f2b7- 498b-8da0-99fe2af16473/content. Myers, Margaret. “China-Colombia Relations Are Growing, If Slowly.” Analysis. United States Institute of Peace, November 15, 2023. https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/11/china-colombia-relations-are- growing-if-slowly. Myers, Margaret, and Ricardo Barrios. “How China Ranks Its Partners in LAC.” The Inter-American Dialogue (blog), February 3, 2021. https://www.thedialogue.org/blogs/2021/02/how-china-ranks-its-partners-in- lac/. Myers, Margaret, and Guo Jie. “China’s Agricultural Investment in Latin America: A Critical Assessment.” China and Latin America Report. Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, June 2015. Niu, Haibin. “A Strategic Analysis of Chinese Infrastructure Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean.” In Building Development for a New Era: China’s Infrastructure Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Enrique Dussel Peters, Ariel C. Armony, and Shoujun Cui. Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburgh, 2018. https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/asc/building- development-for-a-new-era. Noticias de Taiwan. “Vicepresidente de Bolivia inaugura oficina comercial en la Rep. de China.” Website. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), June 5, 1992. https://noticias.nat.gov.tw/news.php?unit=92&post=77438. Knecht 205 Nye, Joseph S. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books, 1990. ———. “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699. ———. “Soft Power.” Foreign Policy 4, no. 80 (1990): 153–71. https://doi.org/10.2307/1148580. ———. “Soft Power and American Foreign Policy.” Political Science Quarterly 119, no. 2 (2004): 255–70. https://doi.org/10.2307/20202345. ———. “Soft Power: The Origins and Political Progress of a Concept.” The Journal of International Communication 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2021.2019893. Odello, Marco. “The Andean Community of Nations.” In Latin American and Caribbean International Institutional Law, edited by Marco Odello and Francesco Seatzu, 117–57. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-069-5_5. Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). “President Chen Shui-Bian Meets Colombian Senator Jairo Raúl Clopatofsky Ghisays,” April 4, 2007. https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/2662. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Actividades,” 2023. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/co_es/cat/3.html#2023. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Anuncio importante:a partir del 1 de marzo de 2024, la República de China (Taiwán) ha modificado sus procesos y requerimientos para los portadores de los pasaportes colombianos para solicitar visa,” April 4, 2024. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/10194.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Convocatoria año 2024 de BECA auspiciada por TaiwanICDF (Taiwán),” January 16, 2024. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/10156.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “El Colegio República de China I.E.D de Bogotá festeja el 110 ° Día Nacional del País,” October 10, 2021. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/co_es/post/9461.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “La Repr. Francisca Yu-tsz Chang agradece a los Amigos Parlamentarios Colombianos por respaldar la participación de Taiwán en la AMS,” May 26, 2021. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/9185.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Bogota, Colombia. “Taiwan fortalecerá relaciones con Colombia junto a EEUU,” April 14, 2021. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/co_es/post/9120.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Actividades,” 2022. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/cat/3.html#2022. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Aviso importante sobre los asuntos consulares,” March 25, 2020. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/ec_es/post/2666.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Banco de Taiwán Facilita Financiación a Importadores Ecuatorianos Mediante el Banco del Pacifico,” January 16, 2018. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/post/1452.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “¡Convocatoria abierta de la Ciudad de Taipéi a la beca para Estudios de Idioma Chino Mandarín para los Knecht 206 Quiteños!,” March 26, 2024. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/ec_es/post/4842.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Proyecto de Reproducción y Cultivo de la Ostra en Ecuador -- Prometedor e increíble trabajo de cultivo y cosecha de ostras de una especie japonesa en la comuna El Real de Chanduy,” November 12, 2018. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/post/1880.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Telenovela Taiwanesa El nuevo mundo llega a EcuadorTV,” January 28, 2020. https://www.roc- taiwan.org/ec_es/post/2428.html. Oficina Comercial de Taipei en Quito, Ecuador. “Últimas Noticias,” 2022. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/ec_es/cat/6.html#2022. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Actividades,” 2024. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/cat/4.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “APEC agradece a Taiwán sus continuas contribuciones,” November 1, 2023. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/18975.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Comunicados de Prensa,” 2024. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/cat/10.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “La Oficina logró trasladar a 72 compatriotas a Miami,” March 20, 2020. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17657.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “La prestigiosa Revista Caretas realizó una entrevista al Representante de la Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú, Sr. Iván Yueh-Jung Lee,” April 22, 2021. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17881.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Representante de Taiwán hablará de retos de economía digital en cumbre de APEC,” November 16, 2018. https://roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17307.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Seminario ‘Taiwán y Perú: nuevos socios en un mundo cambiante,’” May 21, 2023. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/18773.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwán abre las puertas a los Arándanos del Perú,” September 15, 2020. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17739.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwán ayuda con camas eléctricas a hospital reflejando su compromiso con la OMS,” May 4, 2024. https://roc-taiwan.org/pe_es/post/19151.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwán dona 27 sillas de ruedas al Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia,” April 3, 2024. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/19132.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Taiwan Inicia la Convocatoria al Programa de Becas 2019,” January 31, 2019. https://roc- taiwan.org/pe_es/post/17366.html. Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en el Perú. “Zhù chù yǔ zhùdì guānxì 駐處與 駐地關係 [Residency and resident relationship],” March 27, 2024. https://www.taiwanembassy.org/pe/post/1339.html. Orbach, John. “Explainer: China’s Free-Trade Agreements in Latin America.” AS/COA, February 15, 2024. https://www.as-coa.org/articles/explainer- chinas-free-trade-agreements-latin-america. Knecht 207 Parks, Bradley C., Ammar A. Malik, Brooke Escobar, Sheng Zhang, Rory Fedorochko, Kyra Solomon, Fei Wang, Lydia Vlasto, Katherine Walsh, and Seth Goodman. “Belt and Road Reboot: Beijing’s Bid to De-Risk Its Global Infrastructure Initiative.” Policy Report. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary, November 6, 2023. https://www.aiddata.org/publications/belt-and-road-reboot. Patrick, Igor. Hearts & Minds, Votes & Contracts: China’s State Media in Latin America. Washington, DC: Wilson Center, 2024. https://chinafellowship.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/docu ments/HeartsMindsVotesContracts.pdf. Paz, Gonzalo Sebastián. “China, United States and Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America: An Overview and Some Lessons from Previous Instances of Hegemonic Challenge in the Region.” The China Quarterly 209 (March 2012): 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011001469. Perlez, Jane. “Why Pelosi’s Taiwan Visit Is Raising U.S.-China Tensions.” The New York TImes, August 3, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/29/world/asia/china-taiwan-pelosi- explained.html. “Perú: Estadísticas de la Emigración Internacional de Peruanos e Inmigración de Extranjeros, 1990 – 2019.” El Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI), 2019. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Li b1812/libro.pdf. “Policy Paper On Latin America And The Caribbean.” State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2008. https://china.usc.edu/chinas-policy-paper-latin- america-and-caribbean. “Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean.” State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2016. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2016/11/24/content_2814754 99069158.htm. Poveda, Pablo. “Bolivia and China: Indirect Relations in a Global Market.” In Latin America Facing China: South-South Relations beyond the Washington Consensus, edited by Alex E. Fernández Jilberto and Barbara Hogenboom, 153–66. CEDLA Latin America Studies 98. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qd4bk. Purbrick, Martin. “United Front Work and Beyond: How the Chinese Communist Party Penetrates the United States and Western Societies.” Washington DC: Jamestown Foundation, April 12, 2023. https://jamestown.org/wp- content/uploads/2023/04/United-Front-Work-and-Beyond_How-the-Chinese- Communist-Party-Penetrates-the-United-States-and-Western-Societies.pdf. Rana, Kishan S. “China’s Foreign Ministry: Fit for Purpose in the Era of Xi Jinping, BRI and ‘Major Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics’?” China Report 55, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009445519853696. Ratigan, Kerry. “Are Peruvians Enticed by the ‘China Model’? Chinese Investment and Public Opinion in Peru.” Studies in Comparative International Development 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-021-09321-0. Knecht 208 Ray, Rebecca, and Margaret Myers. “Chinese Loans to Latin America and the Caribbean Database.” Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, 2023. https://www.thedialogue.org/map_list/. Regalado-Pezúa, Otto, and María Rosa Morán Macedo. “The Peru-China FTA.” In China’s Trade Policy in Latin America: Puzzles, Transformations and Impacts, edited by Dorotea López, Guoyou Song, Andrés Bórquez, and Felipe Muñoz, 81–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98664-3_6. Reuters. “China and Peru Set Ties; Will Exchange Envoys Soon.” The New York Times, November 3, 1971. Reuters. “Ecuador Reaches Deal with China to Restructure Debt.” September 20, 2022, sec. Americas. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/ecuador- reaches-deal-with-china-restructure-debt-2022-09-20/. Reuters. “Peru and China Hail Tightening Ties as Xi Visits After Trump Win.” November 22, 2016, sec. World. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru- china/peru-and-china-hail-tightening-ties-as-xi-visits-after-trump-win- idUSKBN13H09R/. Reuters. “Which Countries Can Chinese Passport Holders Visit Without a Visa?” January 29, 2024, sec. China. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/which- countries-can-chinese-passport-holders-visit-without-visa-2024-01-29/. Rimner, Steffen. “Chinese Abolitionism: The Chinese Educational Mission in Connecticut, Cuba, and Peru.” Journal of Global History 11, no. 3 (November 2016): 344–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022816000188. Rojas, Daniel. “A Cultural Diplomacy for the Other Side of the Pacific. Notes on the Relations between the People’s Republic of China and Colombia during the Cold War, 1952-1976.” In The Values of the Other, edited by Taku Kuroiwa, 71–92. Sendai, Miyagi, Japan: Tohoku University, 2020. https://hal.univ- grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-03622518/document. Rothman, Steven B. “Revising the Soft Power Concept: What Are the Means and Mechanisms of Soft Power?” Journal of Political Power 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2011.556346. Roy, Diana. “China’s Growing Influence in Latin America.” Council on Foreign Relations (blog), June 15, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china- influence-latin-america-argentina-brazil-venezuela-security-energy-bri. Searight, Amy. “Countering China’s Influence Operations: Lessons from Australia.” PacNet. Honolulu: Pacific Forum, 2020. https://pacforum.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/06/20200619_PacNet_36-1.pdf. Sevin, Efe. Public Diplomacy and the Implementation of Foreign Policy in the US, Sweden and Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-49334-3. Shen, Puma, and Min Hsuan Wu. “China Index.” Taiwan: Doublethink Lab, 2022. https://china-index.io/about. Shi, Weixuan, and Pengying Qu. “A Relevance-Adaptation Approach: A Study on China Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Remarks.” Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 36–40. “SIPRI Arms Transfers Database.” SIPRI, March 11, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55163/SAFC1241. Knecht 209 Statista. “Población extranjera por nacionalidad en Ecuador,” 2023. https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1190350/poblacion-extranjera-de-ecuador- por-nacionalidad/. Sun, Jing. “Growing Diplomacy, Retreating Diplomats – How the Chinese Foreign Ministry Has Been Marginalized in Foreign Policymaking.” Journal of Contemporary China 26, no. 105 (May 4, 2017): 419–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2016.1245895. Teng, Chung-Chian. “Mainland China’s Diplomatic Maneuver in Central America: The Impact of the Nicaragua Grand Canal.” Prospect Journal: Taiwan Forum, no. 13 (April 2015): 101–42. ———. “The Pattern of China’s Financial Initiative in Latin America: A Comparative Study.” Issues & Studies 53, no. 01 (March 2017): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013251117400033. “The Covid‐19 Pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Population and Development Review 48, no. 1 (March 2022): 263–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12484. The Economist. “Latin America Is Under Authoritarian Threat,” February 15, 2023. https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/02/15/latin-america-is-under- authoritarian-threat. The New York Times. “Chinese Opening Lima Office.” September 23, 1971, sec. Archives. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/09/23/archives/chinese-opening- lima-office.html. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Bolivia (BOL) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2022. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/bol. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Colombia (COL) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2022. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/col. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Ecuador (ECU) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2024. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ecu. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Peru (PER) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners,” 2024. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/per. The World Bank. “World Bank Country and Lending Groups,” 2024. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world- bank-country-and-lending-groups. Thompson, Drew. “Xi Jinping’s Reform and Rejuvenation of the United Front Work Department.” In Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping, edited by Arthur S. Ding and Jagannath P. Panda. Routledge Studies on Think Asia. New York: Routledge, 2021. www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-on- Think-Asia/book-series/TA. Torulagha, Priye S. “Challenges China and Taiwan Face in Developing Diplomatic and Economic Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Troisi Melean, Jorge. “Taiwan and the South Atlantic: A Shared History with Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Knecht 210 U.S. Department of State. “Integrated Country Strategies,” 2023. https://www.state.gov/integrated-country-strategies/. Valle, Valeria Marina. “Chinese Trade and Investments in Bolivia during Evo Morales Administrations: South-South or Dependency Relations?” In China- Latin America and the Caribbean: Assessment and Outlook, edited by Thierry Kellner and Sophie Wintgens, 1st ed., 248. London: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003037934. Vélez Rojas, Juan Felipe. “Bogotá and Sinovac Consolidate BogotáBIO, the Colombia’s First Vaccine Factory.” Bogota.gov.co, December 6, 2023. https://bogota.gov.co/en/international/bogota-and-sinovac-consolidate- bogotabio-colombias-first-vaccine. Velosa, Eduardo. “A Tale of Should Be but Is Not: The Political and Economic Drivers of Limited Chinese Investments in Colombia.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 643–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-09589-5. Walker, Christopher. “What Is ‘Sharp Power’?” Journal of Democracy 29, no. 3 (2018): 9–23. Wang, Ray, and Gerry Groot. “Who Represents? Xi Jinping’s Grand United Front Work, Legitimation, Participation and Consultative Democracy.” Journal of Contemporary China 27, no. 112 (July 4, 2018): 569–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1433573. Wang, Wenyu, and Shaoyang Sun. “Reflections on the Chinese United Front Cultural Soft Power Construction.” Canadian Social Science 11, no. 4 (2015): 167–70. https://doi.org/10.3968/6855. Watson, Cynthia. “China’s Use of the Military Instrument in Latin America: Not Yet the Biggest Stick.” Journal of International Affairs 66, no. 2 (2013): 101–17. Wendt, Alexander. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security 20, no. 1 (1995): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539217. Wise, Carol. Dragonomics: How Latin America Is Maximizing (or Missing Out on) China’s International Development Strategy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020. Wu, Yenna. “Recognizing and Resisting China’s Evolving Sharp Power.” American Journal of Chinese Studies 26, no. 2 (October 2019): 129–53. Xinhua. “Chinese FM Holds Talks with Bolivian Counterpart,” April 29, 2024. https://english.news.cn/20240429/db7e0e74e25e4f9ba8a0b1f565f682c9/c.htm l. Xinhua. “Texto Íntegro Del Comunicado de Prensa Conjunto Entre La República Popular China y La República Del Ecuador,” December 12, 2018. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2018-12/12/c_137669282.htm. Xu, Yanran. China’s Strategic Partnerships in Latin America: Case Studies of China’s Oil Diplomacy in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, 1991- 2015. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017. Yashar, Deborah J. “Does Race Matter in Latin America? How Racial and Ethnic Identities Shape the Region’s Politics.” Foreign Affairs 94, no. 2 (2015): 33– 40. Zhan, Tong. “The United Front Work System and the Nonparty Elite.” In Decision- Making in Deng’s China. Routledge, 1995. Zreik, Mohamad. “Soft Power and China-Taiwan Competition for Influence in Latin America.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Knecht 211 Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9. Zuppello, Maria. “Strategic Communication: How China Promotes and Communicates Its Political Agenda in Latin America.” In China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications, edited by Cassandra R. Veney and Sabella O. Abidde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3- 031-45166-9.zh_TW