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題名 分析蘇比克-克拉克-打拉高速公路(SCTEX) 對菲律賓中央呂宋地區的地方財政影響
Connecting Roads and Revenue: Analyzing the Fiscal Impact of Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) on Local Finances in Central Luzon Region, Philippines
作者 莊文明
Marquez, John Michael Cabales
貢獻者 傅健豪
Fu, Chien-Hao
莊文明
Marquez, John Michael Cabales
關鍵詞 地方財政
基礎建設
最近鄰匹配
差異中的差異
local public finance
infrastructure
nearest-neighbor matching
difference-in-difference
日期 2024
上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 13:29:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究使用最近鄰匹配程序 (nearest-neighbor matching) 和差異中之 差異方法 (difference-in- difference method, DiD)，對道路基礎設施的財政影 響進行了全面評估。本 研究聚焦於菲律賓中呂宋地區的蘇比克-克拉克-打 拉高速公路 (SCTEX)。 實證結果顯示，SCTEX 在經濟層面上對商業稅收 有正向顯著的影響。然 而，SCTEX 對財產稅的影響既不立即也不顯著， 導致其影響相比於商業 稅收較為微弱。 此外，該高速公路不僅對商業稅收有顯著影響，還影響了服務費和 受其直接影響的市政的本地收入總額。這些發現證實了基礎設施投資在地 方發展中的重要性。影響評估強調了基礎設施投資通過降低運輸成本和促 進 SCTEX 沿線經濟活動對地方政府收入增長的間接貢獻。這種增強的稅 收生成能力使地方政府單位能夠更有效地合作，成為國家發展議程的合作 夥伴。整體而言，本研究成果可幫助國家與地方政策規劃者，在投資基礎 建設及管理地方財政收入時，能作出更完善之規劃。
This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the fiscal impact of road infrastructure using empirical methods, such as the nearest-neighbor matching procedure and the difference-in-difference (DiD) method. Focusing on the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines, the study provides robust evidence of a statistically significant and economically positive influence on business taxes. However, the impact of SCTEX on property taxes is neither immediate nor substantial, resulting in a less pronounced effect compared to business taxes. Furthermore, the expressway significantly affects not only business taxes but also service charges and the total locally sourced revenue in the municipalities directly affected by its presence. These findings substantiate the widely acknowledged importance of infrastructure investments in localized development. The impact evaluation highlights the indirect contribution of infrastructure investments to local government revenue enhancement by reducing transportation costs and fostering economic activities along SCTEX. This enhanced tax revenue generation enables local government units to collaborate more effectively and efficiently, becoming partners in the country’s development agenda. Overall, the insights from this study are crucial for more informed strategic decision-making by national and local policymakers regarding infrastructure investments and local revenue administration.
參考文獻 Adler, H. A. (1987). Economic appraisal of transport projects. Ahmad, J. (2005). Decentralization and service delivery (Vol. 3603). World Bank Publications. Akee, R. (2006). The Babeldaob road: the impact of road construction on rural labor force outcomes in the Republic of Palau. Allen, M. T., & Austin, G. W. (2015). Measuring Highway Impacts on House Prices Using Spatial Regression. The journal of sustainable real estate, 7(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2015.12091876 Alm, J., Buschman, R. D., & Sjoquist, D. L. (2011). Rethinking local government reliance on the property tax. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 41(4), 320-331. Ando, M., & Kimura, F. (2013). Production Linkage of Asia and Europe via Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of economic integration, 28(2), 204-240. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2013.28.2.204 Arsenio, E., Bristow, A. L., & Wardman, M. (2006). Stated choice valuations of traffic related noise. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 11(1), 15-31. Aschauer, D. A. (1989). Is public expenditure productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, 23(2), 177-200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(89)90047-0 Bahl, R. W., & Martinez-Vazquez, J. (2006). Sequencing fiscal decentralization (Vol. 3914). World Bank Publications. Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., & Qian, N. (2020). On the road: Access to transportation infrastructure and economic growth in China. Journal of development economics, 145, 102442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102442 Bardhan, P., & Mookherjee, D. (2006). Decentralisation and accountability in infrastructure delivery in developing countries. The Economic Journal, 116(508), 101-127. Bateman, I., Day, B., Lake, I., & Lovett, A. (2001). The effect of road traffic on residential property values: a literature review and hedonic pricing study. Prepared for Scottish Executive and The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, Scotland. BCDA. (2008). 2008 Annual Report. Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). Retrieved from https://bcda.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2021- 09/2008%20Annual%20Report.pdf BFAR. (2023). Philippine Fisheries Profile 2022. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). Retrieved from https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/2024/02/2022-Philippine-Fisheries-Profile.pdf Bird, R. M., & Smart, M. (2002). Intergovernmental fiscal transfers: International lessons for developing countries. World development, 30(6), 899-912. BIS. (2024). Residential property prices. https://data.bis.org/topics/RPP/BIS,WS_SPP,1.0/Q.PH.R.771 Button, K. (1998). Infrastructure investment, endogenous growth and economic convergence. The annals of regional science, 32, 145-162. Chakrabarti, S. (2018). Can highway development promote employment growth in India? Transport Policy, 69, 1-9. Cheema, G. S., & Rondinelli, D. A. (2007). Decentralizing governance: emerging concepts and practices. Connerley, E., Eaton, K., & Smoke, P. (2010). Making decentralization work: Democracy, development, and security. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Cunningham, S. (2021). Causal inference : the mixtape / Scott Cunningham. Yale University Press. Daño-Luna, M., Canare, T., & Francisco, J. P. (2018). Drivers of Philippine SME competitiveness: Results of the 2018 SME survey. DBM. (2021). Frequently Asked Questions: Mandanas-Garcia SC Ruling. Department of Budget and Management (DBM). Retrieved from https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/Mandanas-Garcia-Case/IEC-Materials/FAQs-Mandanas-Garcia- Ruling.pdf DENR. (2022). ENR Statistical Profile 2022. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). https://r3.denr.gov.ph/index.php/9-about-us DTI. (n.d.). Profile of Region 3. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). https://www.dti.gov.ph/regions/region-3/profile/ Eaton, K., Kaiser, K.-A., & Smoke, P. J. (2011). The political economy of decentralization reforms: Implications for aid effectiveness. The World Bank. Faguet, J.-P. (2012). Decentralization and popular democracy: Governance from below in Bolivia. University of Michigan Press. Faguet, J.-P. (2014). Decentralization and governance. World development, 53, 2-13. Fernald, J. G. (1999). Roads to Prosperity? Assessing the Link between Public Capital and Productivity. The American economic review, 89(3), 619-638. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.3.619 GADM. (2022). GADM database of Global Administrative Areas, version 4.1. https://gadm.org/data.html Gaventa, J., & Valderrama, C. (1999). Participation, citizenship and local governance. Background note for the workshop “Strengthening Participation in Local Governance,” University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Giglio, J. M., Friar, J. H., & Crittenden, W. F. (2018). Integrating lifecycle asset management in the public sector. Business Horizons, 61(4), 511-519. Gonzalez-Navarro, M., & Quintana-Domeque, C. (2010). Street pavement: Results from an infrastructure experiment in Mexico. Goudswaard, K., & Van de Kar, H. (1994). The impact of demographic change on tax revenue. Atlantic Economic Journal, 22, 52-60. Handtell. (2010). File:Exit to SCTEX.JPG. In: Wikimedia Commons. Imbens, G. W. (2004). Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects under Exogeneity: A Review. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 4-29. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465304323023651 Imikan, A., & Ekpo, K. (2012). Infrastructure and tourism development in Nigeria: The case study of Rivers State. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment (IJEDRI), 3(2), 53-60. Jedwab, R., & Storeygard, A. (2019). Economic and Political Factors in Infrastructure Investment: Evidence from Railroads and Roads in Africa 1960-2015. Economic history of developing regions, 34(2), 156-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2019.1627190 Kawabata, Y. (2013). Ex-Post Evaluation (EPE) of Japanese ODA Loan Project Subic-Clark- Tarlac Expressway Project. https://www2.jica.go.jp/en/evaluation/pdf/2012_PH- P226_4_f.pdf Leduc, S., & Wilson, D. (2012). Roads to Prosperity or Bridges to Nowhere? Theory and Evidence on the Impact of Public Infrastructure Investment. In (pp. 18042). Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research. Levkovich, O., Rouwendal, J., & Van Marwijk, R. (2016). The effects of highway development on housing prices. Transportation, 43(2), 379-405. Local Government Code of 1991. (1991). Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1991/10oct/19911010-RA-7160- CCA.pdf Lutz, B. F. (2008). The Connection Between House Price Appreciation and Property Tax Revenues. National tax journal, 61(3), 555-572. https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2008.3.13 Mohring, H. (1961). Land Values and the Measurement of Highway Benefits. The Journal of political economy, 69(3), 236-249. https://doi.org/10.1086/258466 Mu, R., & Van de Walle, D. (2011). Rural roads and local market development in Vietnam. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(5), 709-734. Muteta, G., Ngoi, G., & Sheuya, S. (1998). Linkages Between Infrastructure Development and Improved Productivity and Working Conditions in Informal Sector Enterprises: Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. SYNERGIE Consultants for Development. NEDA. (2023a). Central Luzon - Regional Development Plan 2023-2028. Philippines: National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/NEDA3ICT/prepub-clrdp-20232028-1pdf NEDA. (2023b). Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 Briefer. Philippines: National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Retrieved from https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PDP-2023-2028-Briefer.pdf Ng, C., Law, T., Jakarni, F., & Kulanthayan, S. (2019). Road infrastructure development and economic growth. IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, Oates, W. E. (2004). An essay on fiscal federalism. In Environmental Policy and Fiscal Federalism (pp. 384-414). Edward Elgar Publishing. Pereira, A. M. (2000). Is All Public Capital Created Equal? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(3), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.2000.82.3.513 PSA. (2020). 2020 Regional Social and Economic Trends for Central Luzon. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Retrieved from https://rsso03.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2020%20RSET.pdf PSA. (2023). Approved Foreign Investments by Investment Promotion Agency at Current Prices. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). https://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__2B__FI/0012B5DIPA0.px/?r xid=2164aa35-08d5-439e-9c5c-ca45bd6d3d42 Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Sandall, R. (2008). From identity to the economy: analysing the evolution of the decentralisation discourse. Environment and planning C: Government and Policy, 26(1), 54-72. Rubin, D. B. (1973). Matching to remove bias in observational studies. Biometrics, 159-183. Ryan, A. M., Burgess Jr, J. F., & Dimick, J. B. (2015). Why we should not be indifferent to specification choices for difference-in-differences. Health services research, 50(4), 1211-1235. Smoke, P. (2015). Rethinking decentralization: Assessing challenges to a popular public sector reform. Public Administration and Development, 35(2), 97-112. Stuart, E. A. (2010). Matching methods for causal inference: A review and a look forward. Statistical science: a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 25(1), 1. Tillema, T., Hamersma, M., Sussman, J. M., & Arts, J. (2012). Extending the scope of highway planning: accessibility, negative externalities and the residential context. Transport Reviews, 32(6), 745-759. TRB. (n.d.). Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway. Toll Regulatory Board. https://trb.gov.ph/index.php/toll-road-projects/subic-clark-tarlac-expressway UNESCAP. (2013). Review of developments in transport in Asia and the Pacific 2013: transport as a key to sustainable development and regional integration. White, H., & Raitzer, D. A. (2017). Impact evaluation of development interventions: A practical guide. Asian Development Bank. Yoshino, N., & Abidhadjaev, U. (2017a). An impact evaluation of investment in infrastructure: The case of a railway connection in Uzbekistan. Journal of Asian Economics, 49, 1-11. Yoshino, N., & Abidhadjaev, U. (2017b). Impact of infrastructure on tax revenue: Case study of high-speed train in Japan. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 1(2), 129-148. Yoshino, N., & Pontines, V. (2015). The'Highway Effect'on public finance: Case of the Star highway in the Philippines.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
111266020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111266020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 傅健豪zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Fu, Chien-Haoen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 莊文明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Marquez, John Michael Cabalesen_US
dc.creator (作者) 莊文明zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Marquez, John Michael Cabalesen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 13:29:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 13:29:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 13:29:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111266020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152678-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111266020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究使用最近鄰匹配程序 (nearest-neighbor matching) 和差異中之 差異方法 (difference-in- difference method, DiD)，對道路基礎設施的財政影 響進行了全面評估。本 研究聚焦於菲律賓中呂宋地區的蘇比克-克拉克-打 拉高速公路 (SCTEX)。 實證結果顯示，SCTEX 在經濟層面上對商業稅收 有正向顯著的影響。然 而，SCTEX 對財產稅的影響既不立即也不顯著， 導致其影響相比於商業 稅收較為微弱。 此外，該高速公路不僅對商業稅收有顯著影響，還影響了服務費和 受其直接影響的市政的本地收入總額。這些發現證實了基礎設施投資在地 方發展中的重要性。影響評估強調了基礎設施投資通過降低運輸成本和促 進 SCTEX 沿線經濟活動對地方政府收入增長的間接貢獻。這種增強的稅 收生成能力使地方政府單位能夠更有效地合作，成為國家發展議程的合作 夥伴。整體而言，本研究成果可幫助國家與地方政策規劃者，在投資基礎 建設及管理地方財政收入時，能作出更完善之規劃。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the fiscal impact of road infrastructure using empirical methods, such as the nearest-neighbor matching procedure and the difference-in-difference (DiD) method. Focusing on the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines, the study provides robust evidence of a statistically significant and economically positive influence on business taxes. However, the impact of SCTEX on property taxes is neither immediate nor substantial, resulting in a less pronounced effect compared to business taxes. Furthermore, the expressway significantly affects not only business taxes but also service charges and the total locally sourced revenue in the municipalities directly affected by its presence. These findings substantiate the widely acknowledged importance of infrastructure investments in localized development. The impact evaluation highlights the indirect contribution of infrastructure investments to local government revenue enhancement by reducing transportation costs and fostering economic activities along SCTEX. This enhanced tax revenue generation enables local government units to collaborate more effectively and efficiently, becoming partners in the country’s development agenda. Overall, the insights from this study are crucial for more informed strategic decision-making by national and local policymakers regarding infrastructure investments and local revenue administration.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Overview of Central Luzon 3 1.3 Statement of the Problem 5 1.4 Hypotheses of the Study 7 1.4.1 Tax Revenues 7 1.4.2 Non-Tax Revenues 8 1.5 Significance of the Study 8 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Economic Activity and Productivity 10 2.2 Employment Creation and Business Growth 11 2.3 Residential Preferences and Property Values 12 2.4 Public Finances 14 2.5 Impact Evaluation Methodology 15 2.6 Local Economic Development 16 2.7 Research Gap 17 3. METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 Impact Study Area 18 3.2 Research Design 23 3.2.1 Nearest-Neighbor Matching Method 23 3.2.2 Difference-in-Difference Method 24 3.3 Data Description and Collection Method 27 3.3.1 Outcome Variable 27 3.3.2 Treatment Variable 27 3.3.3 Control Variables 28 3.4 Summary Statistics 31 4. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 33 4.1 Main Results 40 4.1.1 Tax Revenues 40 4.1.2 Non-tax Revenues 41 4.1.3 Locally Sourced Revenue 41 4.2 Robustness Checks 44 4.2.1 Incorporating Marilao 44 4.2.2 Setting Treatment Year to 2009 45 4.2.3 Utilizing the Full Sample 45 5. CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 51 5.1 Transient Traffic 53 5.2 Growth in Popul 55 5.3 Challenge in the Property Market 57 5.4 Investments in Investment Promotion Agencies 58 5.5 Development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises 60 5.6 Negative Externalities 63 5.7 Policy Implications 64 5.7.1 Undertake strategic partnerships for financing investments 64 5.7.2 Strengthen LGU’s capacity for revenue generation 66 5.7.3 Implement life cycle approach 67 6. REFERENCES 68zh_TW
dc.format.extent 8541597 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111266020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地方財政zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 基礎建設zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 最近鄰匹配zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 差異中的差異zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) local public financeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) infrastructureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) nearest-neighbor matchingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) difference-in-differenceen_US
dc.title (題名) 分析蘇比克-克拉克-打拉高速公路(SCTEX) 對菲律賓中央呂宋地區的地方財政影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Connecting Roads and Revenue: Analyzing the Fiscal Impact of Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) on Local Finances in Central Luzon Region, Philippinesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adler, H. A. (1987). Economic appraisal of transport projects. Ahmad, J. (2005). Decentralization and service delivery (Vol. 3603). World Bank Publications. Akee, R. (2006). The Babeldaob road: the impact of road construction on rural labor force outcomes in the Republic of Palau. Allen, M. T., & Austin, G. W. (2015). Measuring Highway Impacts on House Prices Using Spatial Regression. The journal of sustainable real estate, 7(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2015.12091876 Alm, J., Buschman, R. D., & Sjoquist, D. L. (2011). Rethinking local government reliance on the property tax. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 41(4), 320-331. Ando, M., & Kimura, F. (2013). Production Linkage of Asia and Europe via Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of economic integration, 28(2), 204-240. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2013.28.2.204 Arsenio, E., Bristow, A. L., & Wardman, M. (2006). Stated choice valuations of traffic related noise. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 11(1), 15-31. Aschauer, D. A. (1989). Is public expenditure productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, 23(2), 177-200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(89)90047-0 Bahl, R. W., & Martinez-Vazquez, J. (2006). Sequencing fiscal decentralization (Vol. 3914). World Bank Publications. Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., & Qian, N. (2020). On the road: Access to transportation infrastructure and economic growth in China. Journal of development economics, 145, 102442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102442 Bardhan, P., & Mookherjee, D. (2006). Decentralisation and accountability in infrastructure delivery in developing countries. The Economic Journal, 116(508), 101-127. Bateman, I., Day, B., Lake, I., & Lovett, A. (2001). The effect of road traffic on residential property values: a literature review and hedonic pricing study. Prepared for Scottish Executive and The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, Scotland. BCDA. (2008). 2008 Annual Report. Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). Retrieved from https://bcda.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2021- 09/2008%20Annual%20Report.pdf BFAR. (2023). Philippine Fisheries Profile 2022. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). Retrieved from https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/2024/02/2022-Philippine-Fisheries-Profile.pdf Bird, R. M., & Smart, M. (2002). Intergovernmental fiscal transfers: International lessons for developing countries. World development, 30(6), 899-912. BIS. (2024). Residential property prices. https://data.bis.org/topics/RPP/BIS,WS_SPP,1.0/Q.PH.R.771 Button, K. (1998). Infrastructure investment, endogenous growth and economic convergence. The annals of regional science, 32, 145-162. Chakrabarti, S. (2018). Can highway development promote employment growth in India? Transport Policy, 69, 1-9. Cheema, G. S., & Rondinelli, D. A. (2007). Decentralizing governance: emerging concepts and practices. Connerley, E., Eaton, K., & Smoke, P. (2010). Making decentralization work: Democracy, development, and security. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Cunningham, S. (2021). Causal inference : the mixtape / Scott Cunningham. Yale University Press. Daño-Luna, M., Canare, T., & Francisco, J. P. (2018). Drivers of Philippine SME competitiveness: Results of the 2018 SME survey. DBM. (2021). Frequently Asked Questions: Mandanas-Garcia SC Ruling. Department of Budget and Management (DBM). Retrieved from https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/Mandanas-Garcia-Case/IEC-Materials/FAQs-Mandanas-Garcia- Ruling.pdf DENR. (2022). ENR Statistical Profile 2022. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). https://r3.denr.gov.ph/index.php/9-about-us DTI. (n.d.). Profile of Region 3. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). https://www.dti.gov.ph/regions/region-3/profile/ Eaton, K., Kaiser, K.-A., & Smoke, P. J. (2011). 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