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題名 當事實遇上主觀性：探究受眾黨派取向如何影響對事實查核機構的信任
When Facts Meet Subjectivity: Exploring Partisanship-Induced Trust in Fact-checking Organizations作者 游承璋
Yu, Cheng-Chang貢獻者 施琮仁
Shih, Tsung-Jen
游承璋
Yu, Cheng-Chang關鍵詞 事實查核
政治
政黨捷思
黨派取向
台灣
信任
黨派
推敲可能性模型
台灣事實查核中心
Fact-checking
Politics
Partisan heuristic
Party identification
Taiwan
Trust
Partisanship
Elaboration likelihood model
Taiwan FactCheck Center日期 2024 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 14:36:46 (UTC+8) 摘要 事實查核經常作為遏制網路上錯誤訊息傳播的對策，然而，其在國際上經常遭受質疑，且常被視為具有政治偏見，表示建立公眾對事實查核機構的信任仍是一項挑戰。為了探討黨派特性與訊息來源之間的關聯性如何影響事實查核的有效性，本研究以推敲可能性模型的雙路徑特徵作為理論基礎，檢視個人在接觸不同事實查核訊息時的意見形成過程。作為綜合性研究，本研究檢視事實查核內容中具有黨派性質的刺激物和個人的黨派取向。本研究在實驗設計上選擇以臺灣政治中藍綠陣營對立為背景的中國國民黨和民主進步黨的黨派捷思作為外圍路徑的激發因素，並以不同等級的論證強度作為中心路徑的激發因素。此外，本研究還探討了個人對事實查核機構的信任多寡以及其後續對事實查核行為的動機強度。 根據收集了333位臺灣受訪者的線上問卷數據，在考慮國民黨的黨派取向作為調節變項時，事實查核訊息中的政黨捷思會對於個人對事實查核機構的信任有負面影響；對事實查核機構的信任會對使用相同工具和使用其他工具進行事實查核的意圖有正面影響；而政黨捷思對這兩種事實查核行為的意圖均無顯著影響。不同的是，結果發現論證強度、事實查核行為意圖和個人對事實查核機構的信任之間存在完全中介效應，這與大多數過去相關文獻結果一致。然而，無論以政黨捷思或論證強度作為預測變數，兩黨的黨派取向對於兩個模型中的調節效應均不顯著。總結來說，本研究否定了臺灣的公眾在接收到線上事實查核訊息時，其黨派取向會影響其對事實查核機構信任的可能性。此外，研究結果強調，個人若接收到含有國民黨之政黨捷思的事實查核訊息，無論其黨派取向如何，均傾向於對事實查核機構表現出較低的信任。
Fact-checking, which is frequently suggested as a countermeasure to stop the dissemination of online misinformation, has faced international skepticism and is often viewed as politically biased, showing that building public trust in fact-checking organizations remains a challenge. To explore how the affiliation between partisan elements and informational sources can influence fact-checking effectiveness, the dual route feature of the Elaboration Likelihood Model is utilized as a theoretical basis to examine individuals’ opinion-forming processes when coming across different fact-checking information. This study functions as an integrated study, examining both partisan stimuli embedded within the fact-checking content and individuals' party identifications. The experimental design includes partisan heuristics of the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party as the motivators on the peripheral route, selected based on the political polarization in Taiwanese politics between pan-blue and pan-green, and different levels of argument strength as the motivators on the central route. Additionally, the study examines individuals' trust in fact-checking organizations and their subsequent behavioral intentions toward fact-checking. The data collected from online questionnaires taken by 333 Taiwanese respondents first suggested that partisan heuristics in fact-checking information negatively influence individuals’ trust in fact-checking organizations when party identification of the KMT was considered the moderator. Trust in fact-checking organizations positively influences intentions to fact-check with the same tool and with other tools, as partisan heuristics have no significance in influencing both behavioral intentions. Conversely, a full mediation effect between argument strength, both fact-checking behaviors, and trust in fact-checking organizations was found, aligning with most previous literature. However, party identifications of both parties showed insignificant moderation effects on both models, either when partisan heuristics or argument strength were predictor variables. Generally, this study rejected that Taiwanese individuals' party identifications influence their trust in fact-checking organizations when they receive online fact-checking information. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that individuals stimulated by KMT heuristics in fact-checking information tend to show lower trust in the fact-checking organization, regardless of their party identifications.參考文獻 Achen, C., Bartels, L. (2016). Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton University Press Allcott, Hunt, and Matthew Gentzkow. 2017. Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. 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國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
110461006資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110461006 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 施琮仁 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Shih, Tsung-Jen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 游承璋 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yu, Cheng-Chang en_US dc.creator (作者) 游承璋 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Yu, Cheng-Chang en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 14:36:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 14:36:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 14:36:46 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110461006 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152883 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110461006 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 事實查核經常作為遏制網路上錯誤訊息傳播的對策，然而，其在國際上經常遭受質疑，且常被視為具有政治偏見，表示建立公眾對事實查核機構的信任仍是一項挑戰。為了探討黨派特性與訊息來源之間的關聯性如何影響事實查核的有效性，本研究以推敲可能性模型的雙路徑特徵作為理論基礎，檢視個人在接觸不同事實查核訊息時的意見形成過程。作為綜合性研究，本研究檢視事實查核內容中具有黨派性質的刺激物和個人的黨派取向。本研究在實驗設計上選擇以臺灣政治中藍綠陣營對立為背景的中國國民黨和民主進步黨的黨派捷思作為外圍路徑的激發因素，並以不同等級的論證強度作為中心路徑的激發因素。此外，本研究還探討了個人對事實查核機構的信任多寡以及其後續對事實查核行為的動機強度。 根據收集了333位臺灣受訪者的線上問卷數據，在考慮國民黨的黨派取向作為調節變項時，事實查核訊息中的政黨捷思會對於個人對事實查核機構的信任有負面影響；對事實查核機構的信任會對使用相同工具和使用其他工具進行事實查核的意圖有正面影響；而政黨捷思對這兩種事實查核行為的意圖均無顯著影響。不同的是，結果發現論證強度、事實查核行為意圖和個人對事實查核機構的信任之間存在完全中介效應，這與大多數過去相關文獻結果一致。然而，無論以政黨捷思或論證強度作為預測變數，兩黨的黨派取向對於兩個模型中的調節效應均不顯著。總結來說，本研究否定了臺灣的公眾在接收到線上事實查核訊息時，其黨派取向會影響其對事實查核機構信任的可能性。此外，研究結果強調，個人若接收到含有國民黨之政黨捷思的事實查核訊息，無論其黨派取向如何，均傾向於對事實查核機構表現出較低的信任。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Fact-checking, which is frequently suggested as a countermeasure to stop the dissemination of online misinformation, has faced international skepticism and is often viewed as politically biased, showing that building public trust in fact-checking organizations remains a challenge. To explore how the affiliation between partisan elements and informational sources can influence fact-checking effectiveness, the dual route feature of the Elaboration Likelihood Model is utilized as a theoretical basis to examine individuals’ opinion-forming processes when coming across different fact-checking information. This study functions as an integrated study, examining both partisan stimuli embedded within the fact-checking content and individuals' party identifications. The experimental design includes partisan heuristics of the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party as the motivators on the peripheral route, selected based on the political polarization in Taiwanese politics between pan-blue and pan-green, and different levels of argument strength as the motivators on the central route. Additionally, the study examines individuals' trust in fact-checking organizations and their subsequent behavioral intentions toward fact-checking. The data collected from online questionnaires taken by 333 Taiwanese respondents first suggested that partisan heuristics in fact-checking information negatively influence individuals’ trust in fact-checking organizations when party identification of the KMT was considered the moderator. Trust in fact-checking organizations positively influences intentions to fact-check with the same tool and with other tools, as partisan heuristics have no significance in influencing both behavioral intentions. Conversely, a full mediation effect between argument strength, both fact-checking behaviors, and trust in fact-checking organizations was found, aligning with most previous literature. However, party identifications of both parties showed insignificant moderation effects on both models, either when partisan heuristics or argument strength were predictor variables. Generally, this study rejected that Taiwanese individuals' party identifications influence their trust in fact-checking organizations when they receive online fact-checking information. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that individuals stimulated by KMT heuristics in fact-checking information tend to show lower trust in the fact-checking organization, regardless of their party identifications. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Gap 3 1.3 Research Design 5 2. Literature Review 7 2.1 Fact-Checking 7 2.1.1 Defining Fact-Checking 7 2.1.2 International Popularization of Fact-checking 8 2.1.3 The Impact of Partisanship in Fact-checking 9 2.2 Elaboration Likelihood Model 10 2.3 Conceptualizing Trust in ELM 13 2.4 Effects of Partisan Heuristics on Trust in Fact-checking Organizations 16 2.5 Effect of Argument Strength on Trust in Fact-checking Organizations 18 2.6 Effect of Trust in Fact-checking Organizations on Behavioral Intention 21 2.7 Direct Effects on Behavioral Intention 23 2.8 The Moderating Role of Party Identification 25 2.9 Research Framework 28 3. Research Method 30 3.1 Sampling Design 30 3.2 Questionnaire Design 30 3.3 Instrument and Measures 32 3.3.1 Independent Variable 33 3.3.2 Mediating Variable 34 3.3.3 Dependent Variable 35 3.3.4 Moderating Variable 35 3.3.5 Control Variable 36 3.4 Pre-test 37 4. Results 39 4.1 Demographic Analysis 39 4.2 Sample characteristics 39 4.3 Data Analysis 42 5. Discussion 55 5.1 Peripheral Route (Partisan Heuristics - Trust in Fact-checking Organizations - Behavioral Intentions) 55 5.2 Central Route (Argument Strength - Trust in Fact-checking Organizations - Behavioral Intentions) 58 5.3 Theoretical Implications 59 5.4 Practical Implications 61 5.5 Limitations and Future Suggestions 63 5.6 Conclusion 64 Reference 67 Appendixes 87 Appendix A. Questionnaire of the Pre-test 87 Appendix B. Questionnaire of the Main Study 92 Appendix C. Misinformation Stimuli 98 Appendix D. Fact-checking Information Stimuli 99 Appendix E. Sample Demographics (N=333) 101 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2468018 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110461006 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 事實查核 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政黨捷思 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 黨派取向 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信任 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 黨派 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 推敲可能性模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣事實查核中心 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fact-checking en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Politics en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Partisan heuristic en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Party identification en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Trust en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Partisanship en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Elaboration likelihood model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan FactCheck Center en_US dc.title (題名) 當事實遇上主觀性：探究受眾黨派取向如何影響對事實查核機構的信任 zh_TW dc.title (題名) When Facts Meet Subjectivity: Exploring Partisanship-Induced Trust in Fact-checking Organizations en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Achen, C., Bartels, L. 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