Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 新加坡人對“較健康選擇標誌" 的認知與理解
The Perception and Understanding of the Healthier Choice Symbol in Singaporeans
作者 陳姿吟
Tan, Zi Yin
貢獻者 施琮仁
Shih, Tsung-Jen
陳姿吟
Tan, Zi Yin
關鍵詞 推敲可能性模型
健康選擇標誌
新加坡
營養素養
可信度
購買意向
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Healthier Choice Symbol
credibility
nutritional literacy
attitudes
purchasing intentions
日期 2024
上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 14:37:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究利用推敲可能性模型(ELM),結合可信度和營養素養,檢視健康選擇標誌(HCS)對消費者購買意向的影響,並聚焦於消費者態度的中介效應。ELM框架區分了中央路徑和外圍途徑的說服作用,將營養素養作為中央線索,可信度作為周邊線索。本研究調查了390名21歲以上的新加坡人。結果顯示,可信度顯著影響了對HCS的正面態度及隨後的購買意向。具體而言,認為HCS可信的消費者更有可能對展示此標誌的產品產生有利的態度,進而增加他們購買這些產品的意向。態度在可信度和購買意向之間起到中介作用,突顯了消費者感知在塑造行為結果中的關鍵角色。研究發現營養素養對HCS相關態度或購買意向沒有顯著影響。這表明,雖然可信度在通過HCS影響消費者行為方面起著關鍵作用,但營養素養在此可能尚未成為顯著因素。
This study utilizes the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), integrating credibility and nutritional literacy, to examine the impact of the Healthier Choice Symbol (HCS) on consumers' purchasing intentions, with a focus on the mediation effect of consumer attitudes. The ELM framework, distinguishing between central and peripheral routes of persuasion, incorporates nutritional literacy as a central cue and credibility as a peripheral cue. This research surveyed 390 Singaporeans above the age of 21 years old. The results demonstrated credibility significantly influences positive attitudes towards the HCS and subsequent purchase intentions. Specifically, consumers who perceive the HCS as credible are more likely to develop favorable attitudes towards products displaying this label, which in turn increases their intentions to purchase those products. Importantly, attitudes mediate the relationship between credibility and purchasing intentions, highlighting the pivotal role of consumer perceptions in shaping behavioral outcomes. The study found no significant impact of nutritional literacy on attitudes or purchasing intentions related to the HCS. This suggests that while credibility plays a crucial role in influencing consumer behavior through the HCS, nutritional literacy may not yet be a salient factor in this context.
參考文獻 Acton, R. B., Kirkpatrick, S. I., & Hammond, D. (2021). Comparing the effects of four front-of-package nutrition labels on consumer purchases of five common beverages and snack foods: Results from a randomized trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 122(1), 38-48. Ambak, R., Tupang, L., Hasim, M. H., Salleh, N. C., Zulkafly, N., Salleh, R., Naidu, B. M. (2018). Who do not read and understand food label in Malaysia? Findings from a population study. Health Science Journal. 12(1). doi:10.21767/1791-809x.1000548. Anastasiou, K., Brooker, P. G., Cleanthous, X., Tan, R., Smith, B. P. C., & Riley, M. (2023). Oh so sweet: A comparative investigation of retail market composition of sweetened and flavoured beverages in Singapore and Australia. Nutrients, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010247 Anridho, N., & Liao, Y. K. (2013). The Mediation Roles of Brand Credibility and Attitude on the Performance of Cause-Related Marketing. International Journal of Social Sciences & Education, 4(1), 226-276. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50,179-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Bandura, A. (2004). Health Promotion by Social Cognitive Means. Health Education and Behavior, 31, 143-164. Bhattacherjee, A., & Sanford, C. (2006). Influence processes for information technology acceptance: An elaboration likelihood model. MIS Quarterly, 30(4), 805-825. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148755 Biehal, G., Stephens, D., & Curio, E. (1992). Attitude toward the ad and brand choice. Journal of Advertising, 21(3), 19-36. Birnbaum, M.H & Stegner, S. E. (1979). Source credibility in social judgment: Bias, expertise, and the judge’s point of view. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 37, 48–74. Boh, S. (2017). Why are Singaporeans so prone to diabetes? They can't produce enough insulin. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/why-are-singaporeans-so-prone-to-diabetes-they-cant-produce-enough-insulin [Accessed April 11, 2024]. Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1-16. Burton, S., Howlett, E., & Tangari, A. H. (2009). Food for thought: How will the nutrition labelling of quick service restaurant menu items influence consumers’ product evaluations, purchase intentions, and choices? Journal of Retailing, 85(3), 258-273. Callaghan, K., & Schnell, F. (2009). Who says what to whom: Why messengers and citizen beliefs matter in social policy framing. The Social Science Journal, 46(1), 12-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2008.12.001 Central Intelligence Agency. (2023). Singapore - The World Factbook. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/singapore/ [Accessed November 29, 2023]. Chang, M. Y., & Chen, H. S. (2022). Understanding consumers’ intentions to purchase clean label products: Evidence from Taiwan. Nutrients, 14(18), 3684. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183684 Chin, S. F. (2024). Govt remains most trusted institution in S’pore: Survey. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/government-the-most-trusted-institution-in-s-pore-survey [Accessed March 29, 2024]. Civil Service College. (2017). Healthy living, everyday. Ethos. https://knowledge.csc.gov.sg/ethos-issue-17/healthy-living-everyday/ [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Clark, B., Hill, T., & Hubbard, C. (2019). Consumers’ perception of vitamin D and fortified foods. British Food Journal, 121(9), 2205–2218. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2018-0249 Crites, S., & Aikman, S. (2005). Impact of nutrition knowledge on food evaluations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59(11), 1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602231 Dana, L., Chapman, K., Dixon, H., Miller, C., Neal, B., Kelly, B., Ball, K., & Pettigrew, S. (2021). The relative importance of primary food choice factors among different consumer groups: A latent profile analysis. Food Quality and Preference, 94, 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104199 Drichoutis, A., Lazaridis, P., & Nayga, R. (2007). An assessment of product class involvement in food-purchasing behavior. European Journal of Marketing, 41(7/8), 888-914. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710752447 Dong, Z. W. (2015). How to persuade adolescents to use nutrition labels: Effects of health consciousness, argument quality, and source credibility. Asian Journal of Communication, 25(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2014.989241 Drewnowski, A., & Hann, C. (1999). Food preferences and reported frequencies of food consumption as predictors of current diet in young women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(1), 28–36. Drichoutis, A., Lazaridis, P., & Nayga, R. (2006). Consumers' use of nutritional labels: A review of research studies and issues. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0014-7 Druckman, J. N. (2001). The implications of framing effects for citizen competence. Political Behavior, 23(3), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015006907312 Faulkner, G. P., Pourshahidi, L. K., Wallace, J. M., Kerr, M. A., McCaffrey, T. A., & Livingstone, M. B. E. (2014). Perceived ‘healthiness’ of foods can influence consumers’ estimations of energy density and appropriate portion size. International Journal of Obesity, 38(1), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.118 Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 75–109. Feeney, E., O’Brien, S., Scannell, A., Markey, A., & Gibney, E. R. (2011). Genetic variation in taste perception: Does it have a role in healthy eating? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 70(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665110003976 Finkelstein, E. A., Doble, B., Ang, J. L., & Wong, W. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial testing the effects of Singapore’s front-of-pack Healthier Choice Symbol label with or without a physical activity equivalent label on food purchases and measures of diet quality. Appetite. Friedler, K., & Bless, H. (2000). The influence of emotions on beliefs. In The formation of beliefs at the interface of affective and cognitive processes (pp. 144–170). Cambridge University Press. Godwin, S., Speller-Henderson, L., & Thompson, C. (2006). Evaluating the nutrition label: Its use in and impact on purchasing decisions by consumers. Journal of Food Distribution Research, 37(1), 76. Goh, V., & Zalizan, T. (2022). The Big Read: As health consciousness rises, can a nation of foodies live with less sugar, salt and all things nice? Today. https://www.todayonline.com/big-read/big-read-health-consciousness-rises-can-nation-foodies-live-less-sugar-salt-and-all-things-nice-2013751 [Accessed March 30, 2024]. Glanz, K., Basil, M., Maibach, E., Goldberg, J., & Snyder, D. (1998). Why Americans eat what they do: Taste, nutrition, cost, convenience, and weight control concerns as influences on food consumption. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(10), 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00322-2 Global-is-asian. (2023). Transforming Singapore's relationship with food and sodium. Global-is-asian. https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/gia/article/transforming-singapore's-relationship-with-food-and-sodium [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Guthrie, J. F., Fox, J. J., Cleveland, L. E., & Welsh, S. (1995). Who uses nutrition labeling, and what effects does label use have on diet quality? Journal of Nutrition Education, 27(4), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(12)80158-5 Hasler, C. M. (2008). Health claims in the United States: An aid to the public or a source of confusion? The Journal of Nutrition, 138(6), 1217-1219. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.6.1217 Hartung, R. (2023). Commentary: Healthcare in Singapore is world-class - and under-utilised. The Straits Times. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/singapore-healthcare-system-healthier-sg-healthy-living-3623296 [Accessed April 11, 2024]. Health Hub Singapore. (2024). Make a healthier choice today! Healthhub. https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/make_healthier_choice#:~:text=The%20Healthier%20Choice%20Symbol%20(HCS)%20is%20awarded%20to%20food%20products,other%20countries%20implementing%20similar%20guidelines [Accessed February 3, 2024]. Health Promotion Board. (2022). Healthier choice symbol & usage guidelines. Health Promotion Board. https://hpb.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/hcs-licensor-s-usage-specifications_august-2022f9026384f5334220a9e44175615b226c.pdf?sfvrsn=4d3121c8_0#:~:text=The%20Healthier%20Choice%20Symbol%20(HCS,dietary%20fibre%2C%20calcium%20and%20wholegrains [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Health Promotion Board. (2024). Measure for Nutri-Grade beverages. Health Promotion Board. https://hpb.gov.sg/healthy-living/food-beverage/nutri-grade [Accessed February 24, 2024]. Ho, G. (2021). Singaporeans have high level of confidence in Government but politically uninterested: IPS study. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singaporeans-have-high-level-of-confidence-in-government-but-politically [Accessed April 18, 2024]. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communications and persuasion. Yale University Press. Hui Min, C. (2023). Is Singapore really a Blue Zone? Experts weigh in on how healthy Singaporeans are. The Straits Times. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-blue-zone-netflix-healthy-living-longevity-3848606 [Accessed April 11, 2024]. Jeong, S. H., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Health literacy and barriers to health information seeking: A nationwide survey in South Korea. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(12), 1880–1887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.08.007 Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697 Kang, J. W., & Young, N. (2019). The information quality and source credibility matter in customers’ evaluation toward food O2O commerce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 78, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.011 Karim, N. A., Safii, N. S., Yusof, S. M., Noor, N. M., Ahmad, Z., & Siong, T. E. (2008). Nutrition knowledge among Malaysian elderly. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malays, 6(2), 43–54. Khalik, S. (2016). Parliament: Health Minister Gan Kim Yong declares 'war on diabetes'; new task force set up. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/moh-declares-war-against-diabetes [Accessed March 31, 2024]. Kelly, B., & Jewell, J. (2019). Front-of-pack nutrition labelling in the European region: Identifying what works for governments and consumers. Public Health Nutrition, 22(6), 1125-1128. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003737 Khoo, B. K. (2022). Singaporeans’ eating habits explained: We’re fine with expired food and ignore nutrition labels. Channel News Asia. https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/wellness/singaporean-eating-habits-nutrition-literacy-expired-food-nutrition-labels-326366 [Accessed July 23, 2024]. Kim, W., & Kim, J. (2009). A study on the consumer's perception of front-of-pack nutrition labelling. Nutrition Research and Practice, 3(4), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2009.3.4.300 Kim, M. J., Chung, N., Lee, C. K., & Preis, M. W. (2016). Dual-route of persuasive communications in mobile tourism shopping. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.009 Klerck, D., & Sweeney, J. C. (2007). The effect of knowledge types on consumer perceived risk and adoption of genetically modified foods. Psychology & Marketing, 24(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20157 Kraus, S. J. (1995). Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(1), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167295211007 Latiff, Z., Rezai, G., Mohamed, Z., & Ayob, M. (2015). Food labels’ impact assessment on consumer purchasing behavior in Malaysia. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2014.910550 Lee, A. F., Bishakha, S., Kilgore, M. L., & Locher, J. L. (2014). The influence of gender, age, education, and household size on meal preparation and food shopping responsibilities. Public Health Nutrition, 17(9), 2061–2070. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013003107 Lee, L. Y. (2023). S’pore to study regulatory measures to reduce sodium in food: Ong Ye Kung. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/s-pore-to-study-regulatory-measures-to-reduce-sodium-in-food-ong-ye-kung [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Lewis, C. J., Sims, L. S., & Shannon, B. (1989). Examination of specific nutrition/health behaviors using a social cognitive model. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 89(2), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(21)00112-7 Leong, C. K. (2022). Health literacy and specialty GPs can help ease public hospital crunch. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/forum/forum-health-literacy-and-speciality-gps-can-help-ease-public-hospital-crunch [Accessed July 23, 2024]. Lim, R. B. T., Wee, W. K., For, W. C., Ananthanarayanan, J. A., Soh, Y. H., Goh, L. M. L., Tham, D. K. T., & Wong, M. L. (2019). Correlates, facilitators, and barriers of healthy eating among primary care patients with prediabetes in Singapore—A mixed methods approach. Nutrients, 11(5), 1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051014 Lim, S. L., Teoh, C., Zhao, X. H., Umareddy, I., Grillo, V., Singh, S. S., & Khouw, I. (2020). Attitudes & beliefs that influence healthy eating behaviors among mothers of young children in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. Appetite, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104630 Lin, C. T. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2003). Dietary fat intake and search for fat information on food labels: New evidence. Consumer Interests Annual, 49, 1-3. Lumsdaine, A. A. (1954). Communication and persuasion. Educational Technology Research and Development, 2(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713272 Mahdavi, A., Abdolahi, P., & Mahdavi, R. (2012). Knowledge, attitude, and practice between medical and non-medical sciences students about food labeling. Health Promotion Perspectives, 2(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.5681/hpp.2012.020 Marietta, A. B., Welshimer, K. J., & Long Anderson, S. (1999). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of college students regarding the 1990 Nutrition Labeling Education Act food labels. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(4), 445-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00116-8 McCrickerd, K., Tay, P. P. S., Tang, C. S., & Forde, C. G. (2020). Using sensory cues to optimize the satiety value of a reduced-calorie product labelled ‘Healthier Choice’. Nutrients, 12(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010107 McCrickerd, K., Tang, C. S., & Forde, C. G. (2020). The independent and combined impact of front-of-pack labelling and sensory quality on calorie estimations and portion selection of commercial food products. Food Quality and Preference, 79, 103766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103766 McCroskey, J. C. (1997). An introduction to rhetorical communication (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY). (2022). Promoting the use and appreciation of our four official languages. MCCY. https://www.mccy.gov.sg/about-us/news-and-resources/parliamentary-matters/2022/Nov/promoting-use-and-appreciation-of-four-official-languages [Accessed May 13, 2024]. McGuire, W. J. (1969). Theory-oriented research in natural settings: The best of both worlds for social psychology. In M. Sherif & C. Sherif (Eds.), Interdisciplinary relationships in the social sciences. Chicago: Aldine. Meijer, G. W., Detzel, P., Grunert, K. G., Robert, M.-C., & Stancu, V. (2021). Towards effective labelling of foods: An international perspective on safety and nutrition. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 118, 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.018 Miller, L. M. S., & Cassady, D. L. (2015). The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use: A review of the literature. Appetite, 92, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.029 Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2023, September 27). Speech by Mr Ong Ye Kung, Ministry of Health, at the launch of Project Reset, at the Singapore Marriott Tang Plaza Hotel [Online]. Ministry of Health. https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/speech-by-mr-ong-ye-kung-minister-for-health-at-the-launch-of-project-reset-on-27-september-2023-9.10am-at-the-singapore-marriott-tang-plaza-hotel#:~:text=More%20than%20one%2DthIrd%20of,to%20heart%20disease%20and%20stroke [Accessed November 29, 2023] Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2023, December 30). Implementation of Nutri-Grade requirements for freshly prepared beverages [Online]. Ministry of Health. https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/implementation-of-nutri-grade-requirements-for-freshly-prepared-beverages-from-30-december-2023#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20our%20efforts,non%2Dcustomisable%20automated%20beverage%20dispensers [Accessed March 28, 2024] National Population and Talent Division. (2023). Overview [Online]. National Population and Talent Division. https://www.population.gov.sg/our-population/population-trends/overview/#:~:text=Singapore's%20total%20population%20stood%20at,cent%20increase%20from%20June%202022 [Accessed February 16, 2024] Nayga, R. M. (2000). Nutrition knowledge, gender, and food label use. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 34(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2000.tb00086.x Neuhauser, L., Rothschild, R., & Rodríguez, F. M. (2007). MyPyramid.gov: Assessment of literacy, cultural and linguistic factors in the USDA Food Pyramid Web site. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(4), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2007.03.005 Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191 Pettigrew, S., Jongenelis, M. I., Jones, A., Hercberg, S., & Julia, C. (2023). An 18-country analysis of the effectiveness of five front-of-pack nutrition labels. Food Quality and Preference, 104, 104691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104691 Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 123–205). Academic Press. Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1086/208954 Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 609–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.060406.093612 Piqueras-Fiszman, B., & Spence, C. (2015). Sensory expectations based on product-extrinsic food cues: An interdisciplinary review of the empirical evidence and theoretical accounts. Food Quality and Preference, 40, 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.09.014 Ramdan, M. R., Zainol, Z., Yahaya, R., Habidin, N. F., & Osman, J. (2018). The effect of nutrition label literacy and attitude towards nutrition label on healthy food choice among consumers in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(2), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i2/3952 Rajah, R., Hassali, M. A. A., & Murugiah, M. K. (2019). A systematic review of the prevalence of limited health literacy in Southeast Asian countries. Public Health, 167, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.028 Rothman, R. L., Housam, R., Weiss, H., Davis, D., Gregory, R., Gebretsadik, T., Shintani, A., & Elasy, T. A. (2006). Patient understanding of food labels: The role of literacy and numeracy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.025 Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403 Santosh, V., May, O., L, J. C., & Au, C. (2013). Determinants of food label use among supermarket shoppers: A Singaporean perspective. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 45(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2012.09.001 Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2005). El comportamiento del consumidor (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. Seah, S., & Yang, C. (2023). War against diabetes: Doctors seeing rise in patients below 40 due to lifestyle habits, early screening. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/war-against-diabetes-singapore-doctors-seeing-rise-young-patients-below-40-lifestyle-habits-stress-early-screening-treatment-3921976 [Accessed 30 Mar 2024] Shifferstein, H. N. J. (2001). Effects of product beliefs on product perception and liking. In Food, people and society (pp. 73–96). Shin, S., Puri, J., & Finkelstein, E. A. (2023). A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of Singapore’s forthcoming Nutri-Grade front-of-pack beverage label on food and beverage purchases. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01422-4 Smith, P., & Burns, D. J. (1996). Atmospherics and retail environments: The case of the “power aisle”. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 24(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590559610107076 Silk, K. J., Sherry, J., Winn, B., Keesecker, N., Horodynski, M. A., & Sayir, A. (2008). Increasing nutrition literacy: Testing the effectiveness of print, website, and game modalities. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 40(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2007.08.012 Sin, C. (2024). Singapore is 5th smartest city in the world, top in Asia: Global index. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-is-5th-smartest-city-in-the-world-top-in-asia-global-index#:~:text=SINGAPORE%20%E2%80%93%20Singapore%20is%20the%20world's,the%202024%20Smart%20City%20Index [Accessed 11 Apr 2024] Soe, M. (2001). Consent (1): Overview and capacity. Singapore Medical Association. Retrieved from https://sma.org.sg/sma_news/3310/ethics_consent.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2024] Song, J., Brown, M. K., Tan, M., MacGregor, G. A., Webster, J., Campbell, N. R. C., et al. (2021). Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003803 Song, J., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, H., Wen, Y., Yuan, H., & Liang, Y. (2015). The understanding, attitude and use of nutrition labels among consumers (China). Nutrición Hospitalaria, 31(1), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.1940 Spence, M., Stancu, V., Elliott, C., & Dean, M. (2018). Exploring consumer purchase intentions towards traceable minced beef and beef steak using the theory of planned behavior. Food Control, 91, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.029 Statista. (2023). Penetration rate of top social networks in Singapore as of the 3rd quarter of 2023. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/284466/singapore-social-network-penetration/ [Accessed 18 Apr 2023] Su, Y., Khaskheli, A. R., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2022). How health consciousness and social consciousness affect young consumers' purchase intention towards organic foods. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 33(5), 1249–1270. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-12-2021-0279 Sugianto, R., Wong, S. F., Toh, J. Y., Tint, M. T., Colega, M. T., Lee, Y. S., Yap, F. K. P., Shek, L. P., Tan, K. H., Godfrey, K. M., Chong, Y. S., Tai, B. C., & Chong, M. F. (2022). Dietary patterns of 5-year-old children and their correlates: Findings from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. British Journal of Nutrition, 127(5), 763–772. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001434 Sun, L., Zheng, X., Su, M., & Keller, L. R. (2017). Intention–behaviour discrepancy of foreign versus domestic brands in emerging markets: The relevance of consumer prior knowledge. Journal of International Marketing, 25(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.16.0024 Tan, R., Chew, S., Cleanthous, X., Anastasiou, K., Brooker, P. G., Pham, T., & Smith, B. P. C. (2021). Assessment of artificial and natural sweeteners present in packaged non-alcoholic beverages (NABs) sold on the Singapore market. BMC Public Health, 21, 1866. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11637-w Talati, Z., Pettigrew, S., Kelly, B., Ball, K., Dixon, H., & Shilton, T. (2016). Consumers' responses to front-of-pack labels that vary by interpretive content. Appetite. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.009 Talati, Z., Pettigrew, S., Dixon, H., Neal, B., Ball, K., & Hughes, C. (2016). Do health claims and front-of-pack labels lead to a positivity bias in unhealthy foods? Nutrients, 8(12), 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120787 Talati, Z., Norman, R., Pettigrew, S., & others. (2017). The impact of interpretive and reductive front-of-pack labels on food choice and willingness to pay. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14, 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0628-2 Talib, A., & Pereira, J. (2023). Food label usage and understanding among Singaporeans. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(4), 2350–2364. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i4.369 Temple, N. J. (2020). Front-of-package food labels: A narrative review. Appetite, 144, 104485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104485 Teo, K. K. (2023). Becoming proficient in English has come at a cost for many Singaporeans. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/becoming-proficient-in-english-has-come-at-a-cost-for-many-singaporeans [Accessed 13 May 2023] Teo, J. (2023). Nationwide heart health study launched to help pick up hidden diseases. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/launch-of-nationwide-preventive-heart-health-study-to-help-pick-up-hidden-diseases [Accessed 29 Nov 2023] The ASEAN Secretariat. (2023). ASEAN Key Figures 2023. Retrieved from https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ASEAN-Key-Figures-2023.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb 2024] Turrell, G., & Kavanagh, A. M. (2007). Socio-economic pathways to diet: Modelling the association between socio-economic position and food purchasing behaviour. Public Health Nutrition, 9(3), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005850 Viola, G. C. V., Bianchi, F., Croce, E., & Ceretti, E. (2016). Are food labels effective as a means of health prevention? Journal of Public Health Research, 5(3), 768. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2016.768 Wang, H. J. (2017). Determinants of consumers’ purchase behaviour towards green brands. Services Industries Journal, 37(13-14), 896–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1321026 World Health Organization. (2000). World Health Organization assesses the world's health systems. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news/item/07-02-2000-world-health-organization-assesses-the-world's-health-systems [Accessed 11 Apr 2024] Xu, X., Wang, S., & Yu, Y. (2020). Consumer’s intention to purchase green furniture: Do health consciousness and environmental awareness matter? Science of the Total Environment, 704, 135275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135275
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
111461030
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461030
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 施琮仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shih, Tsung-Jenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳姿吟zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tan, Zi Yinen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳姿吟zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tan, Zi Yinen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 14:37:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 14:37:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 14:37:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111461030en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152886-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111461030zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究利用推敲可能性模型(ELM),結合可信度和營養素養,檢視健康選擇標誌(HCS)對消費者購買意向的影響,並聚焦於消費者態度的中介效應。ELM框架區分了中央路徑和外圍途徑的說服作用,將營養素養作為中央線索,可信度作為周邊線索。本研究調查了390名21歲以上的新加坡人。結果顯示,可信度顯著影響了對HCS的正面態度及隨後的購買意向。具體而言,認為HCS可信的消費者更有可能對展示此標誌的產品產生有利的態度,進而增加他們購買這些產品的意向。態度在可信度和購買意向之間起到中介作用,突顯了消費者感知在塑造行為結果中的關鍵角色。研究發現營養素養對HCS相關態度或購買意向沒有顯著影響。這表明,雖然可信度在通過HCS影響消費者行為方面起著關鍵作用,但營養素養在此可能尚未成為顯著因素。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study utilizes the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), integrating credibility and nutritional literacy, to examine the impact of the Healthier Choice Symbol (HCS) on consumers' purchasing intentions, with a focus on the mediation effect of consumer attitudes. The ELM framework, distinguishing between central and peripheral routes of persuasion, incorporates nutritional literacy as a central cue and credibility as a peripheral cue. This research surveyed 390 Singaporeans above the age of 21 years old. The results demonstrated credibility significantly influences positive attitudes towards the HCS and subsequent purchase intentions. Specifically, consumers who perceive the HCS as credible are more likely to develop favorable attitudes towards products displaying this label, which in turn increases their intentions to purchase those products. Importantly, attitudes mediate the relationship between credibility and purchasing intentions, highlighting the pivotal role of consumer perceptions in shaping behavioral outcomes. The study found no significant impact of nutritional literacy on attitudes or purchasing intentions related to the HCS. This suggests that while credibility plays a crucial role in influencing consumer behavior through the HCS, nutritional literacy may not yet be a salient factor in this context.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. The National Initiatives 2 1.2.1. Health Campaigns 2 1.2.2. Healthier Choice Symbol 3 1.2.3. Nutri-Grade Labelling 3 1.3. Problem Statement 4 1.4. Aims 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review 8 2.1. Theoretical Framework 8 2.1.1. Credibility 9 2.1.2. Nutritional Literacy 13 2.1.3. Attitudes 15 2.2. Conceptual Model 18 Chapter 3: Methodology 19 3.1. Participants Recruitment and Procedure 19 3.2. Variables Description 21 Chapter 4: Research Findings 31 4.1. Demographic Features of Respondents 31 4.2. Descriptive Statistics 31 4.3. Hypotheses Testing 34 Chapter 5: Discussion 43 5.1. Limitations 48 Chapter 6: Conclusion 49 6.1. Theoretical Contributions 49 6.2. Practical Implication 50 6.3. Suggestions for Future Research 51 References 52 Appendix 66 Questionnaire 66 Figures 74zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461030en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 推敲可能性模型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 健康選擇標誌zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新加坡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 營養素養zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可信度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 購買意向zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Elaboration Likelihood Modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Healthier Choice Symbolen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) credibilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) nutritional literacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) attitudesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) purchasing intentionsen_US
dc.title (題名) 新加坡人對“較健康選擇標誌" 的認知與理解zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Perception and Understanding of the Healthier Choice Symbol in Singaporeansen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Acton, R. B., Kirkpatrick, S. I., & Hammond, D. (2021). Comparing the effects of four front-of-package nutrition labels on consumer purchases of five common beverages and snack foods: Results from a randomized trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 122(1), 38-48. Ambak, R., Tupang, L., Hasim, M. H., Salleh, N. C., Zulkafly, N., Salleh, R., Naidu, B. M. (2018). Who do not read and understand food label in Malaysia? Findings from a population study. Health Science Journal. 12(1). doi:10.21767/1791-809x.1000548. Anastasiou, K., Brooker, P. G., Cleanthous, X., Tan, R., Smith, B. P. C., & Riley, M. (2023). Oh so sweet: A comparative investigation of retail market composition of sweetened and flavoured beverages in Singapore and Australia. Nutrients, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010247 Anridho, N., & Liao, Y. K. (2013). The Mediation Roles of Brand Credibility and Attitude on the Performance of Cause-Related Marketing. International Journal of Social Sciences & Education, 4(1), 226-276. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50,179-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Bandura, A. (2004). Health Promotion by Social Cognitive Means. Health Education and Behavior, 31, 143-164. Bhattacherjee, A., & Sanford, C. (2006). Influence processes for information technology acceptance: An elaboration likelihood model. MIS Quarterly, 30(4), 805-825. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148755 Biehal, G., Stephens, D., & Curio, E. (1992). Attitude toward the ad and brand choice. Journal of Advertising, 21(3), 19-36. Birnbaum, M.H & Stegner, S. E. (1979). Source credibility in social judgment: Bias, expertise, and the judge’s point of view. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 37, 48–74. Boh, S. (2017). Why are Singaporeans so prone to diabetes? They can't produce enough insulin. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/why-are-singaporeans-so-prone-to-diabetes-they-cant-produce-enough-insulin [Accessed April 11, 2024]. Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1-16. Burton, S., Howlett, E., & Tangari, A. H. (2009). Food for thought: How will the nutrition labelling of quick service restaurant menu items influence consumers’ product evaluations, purchase intentions, and choices? Journal of Retailing, 85(3), 258-273. Callaghan, K., & Schnell, F. (2009). Who says what to whom: Why messengers and citizen beliefs matter in social policy framing. The Social Science Journal, 46(1), 12-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2008.12.001 Central Intelligence Agency. (2023). Singapore - The World Factbook. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/singapore/ [Accessed November 29, 2023]. Chang, M. Y., & Chen, H. S. (2022). Understanding consumers’ intentions to purchase clean label products: Evidence from Taiwan. Nutrients, 14(18), 3684. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183684 Chin, S. F. (2024). Govt remains most trusted institution in S’pore: Survey. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/government-the-most-trusted-institution-in-s-pore-survey [Accessed March 29, 2024]. Civil Service College. (2017). Healthy living, everyday. Ethos. https://knowledge.csc.gov.sg/ethos-issue-17/healthy-living-everyday/ [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Clark, B., Hill, T., & Hubbard, C. (2019). Consumers’ perception of vitamin D and fortified foods. British Food Journal, 121(9), 2205–2218. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2018-0249 Crites, S., & Aikman, S. (2005). Impact of nutrition knowledge on food evaluations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59(11), 1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602231 Dana, L., Chapman, K., Dixon, H., Miller, C., Neal, B., Kelly, B., Ball, K., & Pettigrew, S. (2021). The relative importance of primary food choice factors among different consumer groups: A latent profile analysis. Food Quality and Preference, 94, 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104199 Drichoutis, A., Lazaridis, P., & Nayga, R. (2007). An assessment of product class involvement in food-purchasing behavior. European Journal of Marketing, 41(7/8), 888-914. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710752447 Dong, Z. W. (2015). How to persuade adolescents to use nutrition labels: Effects of health consciousness, argument quality, and source credibility. Asian Journal of Communication, 25(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2014.989241 Drewnowski, A., & Hann, C. (1999). Food preferences and reported frequencies of food consumption as predictors of current diet in young women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(1), 28–36. Drichoutis, A., Lazaridis, P., & Nayga, R. (2006). Consumers' use of nutritional labels: A review of research studies and issues. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0014-7 Druckman, J. N. (2001). The implications of framing effects for citizen competence. Political Behavior, 23(3), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015006907312 Faulkner, G. P., Pourshahidi, L. K., Wallace, J. M., Kerr, M. A., McCaffrey, T. A., & Livingstone, M. B. E. (2014). Perceived ‘healthiness’ of foods can influence consumers’ estimations of energy density and appropriate portion size. International Journal of Obesity, 38(1), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.118 Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 75–109. Feeney, E., O’Brien, S., Scannell, A., Markey, A., & Gibney, E. R. (2011). Genetic variation in taste perception: Does it have a role in healthy eating? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 70(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665110003976 Finkelstein, E. A., Doble, B., Ang, J. L., & Wong, W. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial testing the effects of Singapore’s front-of-pack Healthier Choice Symbol label with or without a physical activity equivalent label on food purchases and measures of diet quality. Appetite. Friedler, K., & Bless, H. (2000). The influence of emotions on beliefs. In The formation of beliefs at the interface of affective and cognitive processes (pp. 144–170). Cambridge University Press. Godwin, S., Speller-Henderson, L., & Thompson, C. (2006). Evaluating the nutrition label: Its use in and impact on purchasing decisions by consumers. Journal of Food Distribution Research, 37(1), 76. Goh, V., & Zalizan, T. (2022). The Big Read: As health consciousness rises, can a nation of foodies live with less sugar, salt and all things nice? Today. https://www.todayonline.com/big-read/big-read-health-consciousness-rises-can-nation-foodies-live-less-sugar-salt-and-all-things-nice-2013751 [Accessed March 30, 2024]. Glanz, K., Basil, M., Maibach, E., Goldberg, J., & Snyder, D. (1998). Why Americans eat what they do: Taste, nutrition, cost, convenience, and weight control concerns as influences on food consumption. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(10), 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00322-2 Global-is-asian. (2023). Transforming Singapore's relationship with food and sodium. Global-is-asian. https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/gia/article/transforming-singapore's-relationship-with-food-and-sodium [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Guthrie, J. F., Fox, J. J., Cleveland, L. E., & Welsh, S. (1995). Who uses nutrition labeling, and what effects does label use have on diet quality? Journal of Nutrition Education, 27(4), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(12)80158-5 Hasler, C. M. (2008). Health claims in the United States: An aid to the public or a source of confusion? The Journal of Nutrition, 138(6), 1217-1219. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.6.1217 Hartung, R. (2023). Commentary: Healthcare in Singapore is world-class - and under-utilised. The Straits Times. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/singapore-healthcare-system-healthier-sg-healthy-living-3623296 [Accessed April 11, 2024]. Health Hub Singapore. (2024). Make a healthier choice today! Healthhub. https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/make_healthier_choice#:~:text=The%20Healthier%20Choice%20Symbol%20(HCS)%20is%20awarded%20to%20food%20products,other%20countries%20implementing%20similar%20guidelines [Accessed February 3, 2024]. Health Promotion Board. (2022). Healthier choice symbol & usage guidelines. Health Promotion Board. https://hpb.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/hcs-licensor-s-usage-specifications_august-2022f9026384f5334220a9e44175615b226c.pdf?sfvrsn=4d3121c8_0#:~:text=The%20Healthier%20Choice%20Symbol%20(HCS,dietary%20fibre%2C%20calcium%20and%20wholegrains [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Health Promotion Board. (2024). Measure for Nutri-Grade beverages. Health Promotion Board. https://hpb.gov.sg/healthy-living/food-beverage/nutri-grade [Accessed February 24, 2024]. Ho, G. (2021). Singaporeans have high level of confidence in Government but politically uninterested: IPS study. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singaporeans-have-high-level-of-confidence-in-government-but-politically [Accessed April 18, 2024]. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communications and persuasion. Yale University Press. Hui Min, C. (2023). Is Singapore really a Blue Zone? Experts weigh in on how healthy Singaporeans are. The Straits Times. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-blue-zone-netflix-healthy-living-longevity-3848606 [Accessed April 11, 2024]. Jeong, S. H., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Health literacy and barriers to health information seeking: A nationwide survey in South Korea. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(12), 1880–1887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.08.007 Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697 Kang, J. W., & Young, N. (2019). The information quality and source credibility matter in customers’ evaluation toward food O2O commerce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 78, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.011 Karim, N. A., Safii, N. S., Yusof, S. M., Noor, N. M., Ahmad, Z., & Siong, T. E. (2008). Nutrition knowledge among Malaysian elderly. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malays, 6(2), 43–54. Khalik, S. (2016). Parliament: Health Minister Gan Kim Yong declares 'war on diabetes'; new task force set up. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/moh-declares-war-against-diabetes [Accessed March 31, 2024]. Kelly, B., & Jewell, J. (2019). Front-of-pack nutrition labelling in the European region: Identifying what works for governments and consumers. Public Health Nutrition, 22(6), 1125-1128. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003737 Khoo, B. K. (2022). Singaporeans’ eating habits explained: We’re fine with expired food and ignore nutrition labels. Channel News Asia. https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/wellness/singaporean-eating-habits-nutrition-literacy-expired-food-nutrition-labels-326366 [Accessed July 23, 2024]. Kim, W., & Kim, J. (2009). A study on the consumer's perception of front-of-pack nutrition labelling. Nutrition Research and Practice, 3(4), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2009.3.4.300 Kim, M. J., Chung, N., Lee, C. K., & Preis, M. W. (2016). Dual-route of persuasive communications in mobile tourism shopping. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.009 Klerck, D., & Sweeney, J. C. (2007). The effect of knowledge types on consumer perceived risk and adoption of genetically modified foods. Psychology & Marketing, 24(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20157 Kraus, S. J. (1995). Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(1), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167295211007 Latiff, Z., Rezai, G., Mohamed, Z., & Ayob, M. (2015). Food labels’ impact assessment on consumer purchasing behavior in Malaysia. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2014.910550 Lee, A. F., Bishakha, S., Kilgore, M. L., & Locher, J. L. (2014). The influence of gender, age, education, and household size on meal preparation and food shopping responsibilities. Public Health Nutrition, 17(9), 2061–2070. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013003107 Lee, L. Y. (2023). S’pore to study regulatory measures to reduce sodium in food: Ong Ye Kung. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/s-pore-to-study-regulatory-measures-to-reduce-sodium-in-food-ong-ye-kung [Accessed March 27, 2024]. Lewis, C. J., Sims, L. S., & Shannon, B. (1989). Examination of specific nutrition/health behaviors using a social cognitive model. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 89(2), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(21)00112-7 Leong, C. K. (2022). Health literacy and specialty GPs can help ease public hospital crunch. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/forum/forum-health-literacy-and-speciality-gps-can-help-ease-public-hospital-crunch [Accessed July 23, 2024]. Lim, R. B. T., Wee, W. K., For, W. C., Ananthanarayanan, J. A., Soh, Y. H., Goh, L. M. L., Tham, D. K. T., & Wong, M. L. (2019). Correlates, facilitators, and barriers of healthy eating among primary care patients with prediabetes in Singapore—A mixed methods approach. Nutrients, 11(5), 1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051014 Lim, S. L., Teoh, C., Zhao, X. H., Umareddy, I., Grillo, V., Singh, S. S., & Khouw, I. (2020). Attitudes & beliefs that influence healthy eating behaviors among mothers of young children in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. Appetite, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104630 Lin, C. T. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2003). Dietary fat intake and search for fat information on food labels: New evidence. Consumer Interests Annual, 49, 1-3. Lumsdaine, A. A. (1954). Communication and persuasion. Educational Technology Research and Development, 2(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713272 Mahdavi, A., Abdolahi, P., & Mahdavi, R. (2012). Knowledge, attitude, and practice between medical and non-medical sciences students about food labeling. Health Promotion Perspectives, 2(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.5681/hpp.2012.020 Marietta, A. B., Welshimer, K. J., & Long Anderson, S. (1999). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of college students regarding the 1990 Nutrition Labeling Education Act food labels. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(4), 445-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00116-8 McCrickerd, K., Tay, P. P. S., Tang, C. S., & Forde, C. G. (2020). Using sensory cues to optimize the satiety value of a reduced-calorie product labelled ‘Healthier Choice’. Nutrients, 12(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010107 McCrickerd, K., Tang, C. S., & Forde, C. G. (2020). The independent and combined impact of front-of-pack labelling and sensory quality on calorie estimations and portion selection of commercial food products. Food Quality and Preference, 79, 103766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103766 McCroskey, J. C. (1997). An introduction to rhetorical communication (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY). (2022). Promoting the use and appreciation of our four official languages. MCCY. https://www.mccy.gov.sg/about-us/news-and-resources/parliamentary-matters/2022/Nov/promoting-use-and-appreciation-of-four-official-languages [Accessed May 13, 2024]. McGuire, W. J. (1969). Theory-oriented research in natural settings: The best of both worlds for social psychology. In M. Sherif & C. Sherif (Eds.), Interdisciplinary relationships in the social sciences. Chicago: Aldine. Meijer, G. W., Detzel, P., Grunert, K. G., Robert, M.-C., & Stancu, V. (2021). Towards effective labelling of foods: An international perspective on safety and nutrition. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 118, 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.018 Miller, L. M. S., & Cassady, D. L. (2015). The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use: A review of the literature. Appetite, 92, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.029 Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2023, September 27). Speech by Mr Ong Ye Kung, Ministry of Health, at the launch of Project Reset, at the Singapore Marriott Tang Plaza Hotel [Online]. Ministry of Health. https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/speech-by-mr-ong-ye-kung-minister-for-health-at-the-launch-of-project-reset-on-27-september-2023-9.10am-at-the-singapore-marriott-tang-plaza-hotel#:~:text=More%20than%20one%2DthIrd%20of,to%20heart%20disease%20and%20stroke [Accessed November 29, 2023] Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2023, December 30). Implementation of Nutri-Grade requirements for freshly prepared beverages [Online]. Ministry of Health. https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/implementation-of-nutri-grade-requirements-for-freshly-prepared-beverages-from-30-december-2023#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20our%20efforts,non%2Dcustomisable%20automated%20beverage%20dispensers [Accessed March 28, 2024] National Population and Talent Division. (2023). Overview [Online]. National Population and Talent Division. https://www.population.gov.sg/our-population/population-trends/overview/#:~:text=Singapore's%20total%20population%20stood%20at,cent%20increase%20from%20June%202022 [Accessed February 16, 2024] Nayga, R. M. (2000). Nutrition knowledge, gender, and food label use. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 34(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2000.tb00086.x Neuhauser, L., Rothschild, R., & Rodríguez, F. M. (2007). MyPyramid.gov: Assessment of literacy, cultural and linguistic factors in the USDA Food Pyramid Web site. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(4), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2007.03.005 Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191 Pettigrew, S., Jongenelis, M. I., Jones, A., Hercberg, S., & Julia, C. (2023). An 18-country analysis of the effectiveness of five front-of-pack nutrition labels. Food Quality and Preference, 104, 104691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104691 Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 123–205). Academic Press. Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1086/208954 Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 609–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.060406.093612 Piqueras-Fiszman, B., & Spence, C. (2015). Sensory expectations based on product-extrinsic food cues: An interdisciplinary review of the empirical evidence and theoretical accounts. Food Quality and Preference, 40, 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.09.014 Ramdan, M. R., Zainol, Z., Yahaya, R., Habidin, N. F., & Osman, J. (2018). The effect of nutrition label literacy and attitude towards nutrition label on healthy food choice among consumers in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(2), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i2/3952 Rajah, R., Hassali, M. A. A., & Murugiah, M. K. (2019). A systematic review of the prevalence of limited health literacy in Southeast Asian countries. Public Health, 167, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.028 Rothman, R. L., Housam, R., Weiss, H., Davis, D., Gregory, R., Gebretsadik, T., Shintani, A., & Elasy, T. A. (2006). Patient understanding of food labels: The role of literacy and numeracy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.025 Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403 Santosh, V., May, O., L, J. C., & Au, C. (2013). Determinants of food label use among supermarket shoppers: A Singaporean perspective. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 45(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2012.09.001 Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2005). El comportamiento del consumidor (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. Seah, S., & Yang, C. (2023). War against diabetes: Doctors seeing rise in patients below 40 due to lifestyle habits, early screening. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/war-against-diabetes-singapore-doctors-seeing-rise-young-patients-below-40-lifestyle-habits-stress-early-screening-treatment-3921976 [Accessed 30 Mar 2024] Shifferstein, H. N. J. (2001). Effects of product beliefs on product perception and liking. In Food, people and society (pp. 73–96). Shin, S., Puri, J., & Finkelstein, E. A. (2023). A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of Singapore’s forthcoming Nutri-Grade front-of-pack beverage label on food and beverage purchases. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01422-4 Smith, P., & Burns, D. J. (1996). Atmospherics and retail environments: The case of the “power aisle”. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 24(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590559610107076 Silk, K. J., Sherry, J., Winn, B., Keesecker, N., Horodynski, M. A., & Sayir, A. (2008). Increasing nutrition literacy: Testing the effectiveness of print, website, and game modalities. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 40(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2007.08.012 Sin, C. (2024). Singapore is 5th smartest city in the world, top in Asia: Global index. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-is-5th-smartest-city-in-the-world-top-in-asia-global-index#:~:text=SINGAPORE%20%E2%80%93%20Singapore%20is%20the%20world's,the%202024%20Smart%20City%20Index [Accessed 11 Apr 2024] Soe, M. (2001). Consent (1): Overview and capacity. Singapore Medical Association. Retrieved from https://sma.org.sg/sma_news/3310/ethics_consent.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2024] Song, J., Brown, M. K., Tan, M., MacGregor, G. A., Webster, J., Campbell, N. R. C., et al. (2021). Impact of color-coded and warning nutrition labelling schemes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003803 Song, J., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, H., Wen, Y., Yuan, H., & Liang, Y. (2015). The understanding, attitude and use of nutrition labels among consumers (China). Nutrición Hospitalaria, 31(1), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.1940 Spence, M., Stancu, V., Elliott, C., & Dean, M. (2018). Exploring consumer purchase intentions towards traceable minced beef and beef steak using the theory of planned behavior. Food Control, 91, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.029 Statista. (2023). Penetration rate of top social networks in Singapore as of the 3rd quarter of 2023. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/284466/singapore-social-network-penetration/ [Accessed 18 Apr 2023] Su, Y., Khaskheli, A. R., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2022). How health consciousness and social consciousness affect young consumers' purchase intention towards organic foods. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 33(5), 1249–1270. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-12-2021-0279 Sugianto, R., Wong, S. F., Toh, J. Y., Tint, M. T., Colega, M. T., Lee, Y. S., Yap, F. K. P., Shek, L. P., Tan, K. H., Godfrey, K. M., Chong, Y. S., Tai, B. C., & Chong, M. F. (2022). Dietary patterns of 5-year-old children and their correlates: Findings from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. British Journal of Nutrition, 127(5), 763–772. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001434 Sun, L., Zheng, X., Su, M., & Keller, L. R. (2017). Intention–behaviour discrepancy of foreign versus domestic brands in emerging markets: The relevance of consumer prior knowledge. Journal of International Marketing, 25(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.16.0024 Tan, R., Chew, S., Cleanthous, X., Anastasiou, K., Brooker, P. G., Pham, T., & Smith, B. P. C. (2021). Assessment of artificial and natural sweeteners present in packaged non-alcoholic beverages (NABs) sold on the Singapore market. BMC Public Health, 21, 1866. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11637-w Talati, Z., Pettigrew, S., Kelly, B., Ball, K., Dixon, H., & Shilton, T. (2016). Consumers' responses to front-of-pack labels that vary by interpretive content. Appetite. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.009 Talati, Z., Pettigrew, S., Dixon, H., Neal, B., Ball, K., & Hughes, C. (2016). Do health claims and front-of-pack labels lead to a positivity bias in unhealthy foods? Nutrients, 8(12), 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120787 Talati, Z., Norman, R., Pettigrew, S., & others. (2017). The impact of interpretive and reductive front-of-pack labels on food choice and willingness to pay. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14, 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0628-2 Talib, A., & Pereira, J. (2023). Food label usage and understanding among Singaporeans. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(4), 2350–2364. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i4.369 Temple, N. J. (2020). Front-of-package food labels: A narrative review. Appetite, 144, 104485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104485 Teo, K. K. (2023). Becoming proficient in English has come at a cost for many Singaporeans. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/becoming-proficient-in-english-has-come-at-a-cost-for-many-singaporeans [Accessed 13 May 2023] Teo, J. (2023). Nationwide heart health study launched to help pick up hidden diseases. The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/launch-of-nationwide-preventive-heart-health-study-to-help-pick-up-hidden-diseases [Accessed 29 Nov 2023] The ASEAN Secretariat. (2023). ASEAN Key Figures 2023. Retrieved from https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ASEAN-Key-Figures-2023.pdf [Accessed 24 Feb 2024] Turrell, G., & Kavanagh, A. M. (2007). Socio-economic pathways to diet: Modelling the association between socio-economic position and food purchasing behaviour. Public Health Nutrition, 9(3), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005850 Viola, G. C. V., Bianchi, F., Croce, E., & Ceretti, E. (2016). Are food labels effective as a means of health prevention? Journal of Public Health Research, 5(3), 768. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2016.768 Wang, H. J. (2017). Determinants of consumers’ purchase behaviour towards green brands. Services Industries Journal, 37(13-14), 896–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1321026 World Health Organization. (2000). World Health Organization assesses the world's health systems. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news/item/07-02-2000-world-health-organization-assesses-the-world's-health-systems [Accessed 11 Apr 2024] Xu, X., Wang, S., & Yu, Y. (2020). Consumer’s intention to purchase green furniture: Do health consciousness and environmental awareness matter? Science of the Total Environment, 704, 135275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135275zh_TW