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題名 利用專利新穎性指標衡量汽車產業的技術創新
Measuring Technological Innovation in the Automotive Industry Using Patent Novelty Indicators
作者 羅佳真
Lo, Chia-Chen
貢獻者 李浩仲<br>李文傑
Li, Hao-Chung<br>Lee, Wen-Chieh
羅佳真
Lo, Chia-Chen
關鍵詞 電池電動車
內燃引擎車
油電混合動力車
專利分析
專利新穎性
Battery electric vehicles (BEV)
Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV)
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV)
Patent analysis
Patent novelty
日期 2024
上傳時間 4-Sep-2024 14:37:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 自1970年代石油危機以來，各國傳統內燃引擎車(ICEV)的銷售佔比逐漸下 降，而油電混合動力車(HEV)和電池電動車(BEV)的比例顯著提升。本文利 用專利新穎性指標衡量汽車產業的技術創新，並通過專利數據了解各類型汽車的 專利分佈。基於 Verhoeven 和 Bakker 等人(2016)計算專利新穎性的方法，我 們使用來自八個專利局的資料，並新增兩個時間窗口(10年及20年)來建構專利 新穎性指標。我們分析了各國傳統車廠及中美電動車廠在1990年至2023年間於美 國專利局的專利申請，發現Tesla在專利新穎性方面顯著領先於其他美國電動車 廠、中國電動車廠及傳統車廠;而比亞迪雖不及Tesla，但在專利創新程度上領先 於其他美國及中國電動車廠，並且超越了中國的傳統車廠。
Since the 1970s oil crisis, the sales share of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles has gradually declined, while the proportion of hybrid and electric vehicles has significantly increased. This study utilizes patent novelty indicators to measure technological innovation in the automotive industry and examines the distribution of patents across different types of vehicles through patent data. Based on the method for calculating patent novelty by Verhoeven and Bakker et al. (2016), we use data from eight patent offices and introduce two additional time windows (10 years and 20 years) to construct the patent novelty indicators. We analyzed the patent applications of traditional automakers and electric vehicle manufacturers from China and the U.S. at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) from 1990 to 2023. The findings reveal that Tesla significantly leads other U.S. electric vehicle manufacturers, Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers, and traditional automakers in terms of patent novelty. Although BYD lags behind Tesla, it surpasses other U.S. and Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers and outperforms traditional Chinese automakers in terms of patent innovation.
參考文獻 中文文獻 丁學文(2024)。陸電動車逆襲特斯拉 彎道超車 3 關鍵。《聯合報》，取自 https://ieknet.iek.org.tw/ieknews/news_open.aspx?actiontype=ieknews&indu_ idno=8&nsl_id=6bee89c6777d4030af0900b1951875a4。 陳信志(2020)。中國大陸 2021-2035 年新能源汽車產業發展規劃。車輛中心產 業發展處，取自 https://www.artc.org.tw/tw/knowledge/articles/13416。 國務院辦公廳(2020)。國務院辦公廳關於印發《新能源汽車產業發展規劃(2021— 2035 年)》的通知。中華人民共和國中央人民政府，取自 https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm。 英文文獻 Aghion, P., Dechezleprêtre, A., Hemous, D., Martin, R., & Van Reenen, J. (2016). Carbon taxes, path dependency, and directed technical change: Evidence from the auto industry. Journal of Political Economy, 124(1), 1-51. Bai, C. E., Hsieh, C. T., & Song, Z. (2020). Special deals with Chinese characteristics. NBER macroeconomics annual, 34(1), 341-379. Borgstedt, P., Neyer, B., & Schewe, G. (2017). Paving the road to electric vehicles–A patent analysis of the automotive supply industry. Journal of cleaner production, 167, 75-87. Daim, T. U., Rueda, G., Martin, H., & Gerdsri, P. (2006). Forecasting emerging technologies: Use of bibliometrics and patent analysis. Technological forecasting and social change, 73(8), 981-1012. Fleming, L. (2007). Breakthroughs and the ‘long tail ’of innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review. Gittelman, M., & Kogut, B. (2003). Does good science lead to valuable knowledge? Biotechnology firms and the evolutionary logic of citation patterns. Management science, 49(4), 366-382. Gruber, M., Harhoff, D., & Hoisl, K. (2013). Knowledge recombination across technological boundaries: Scientists vs. engineers. Management science, 59(4), 837-851. Lanjouw, J. O., & Schankerman, M. (2004). Patent quality and research productivity: Measuring innovation with multiple indicators. The economic journal, 114(495), 441-465. Naughton, B. (2021). The rise of China's industrial policy, 1978 to 2020. México: Universidad Nacional Autónomica de México, Facultad de Economía. Nerkar, A. (2003). Old is gold? The value of temporal exploration in the creation of new knowledge. Management science, 49(2), 211-229. Rosenkopf, L., & Nerkar, A. (2001). Beyond local search: boundary‐spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic management journal, 22(4), 287-306. Shane, S. (2001). Technological opportunities and new firm creation. Management science, 47(2), 205-220. Sinigaglia, T., Freitag, T. E., Kreimeier, F., & Martins, M. E. S. (2019). Use of patents as a tool to map the technological development involving the hydrogen economy. World Patent Information, 56, 1-8. Sinigaglia, T., Martins, M. E. S., & Siluk, J. C. M. (2022). Technological evolution of internal combustion engine vehicle: A patent data analysis. Applied Energy, 306, 118003. Strumsky, D., & Lobo, J. (2015). Identifying the sources of technological novelty in the process of invention. Research policy, 44(8), 1445-1461. Trajtenberg, M., Henderson, R., & Jaffe, A. (1997). University versus corporate patents: A window on the basicness of invention. Economics of Innovation and new technology, 5(1), 19-50. Verhoeven, D., Bakker, J., & Veugelers, R. (2016). Measuring technological novelty with patent-based indicators. Research policy, 45(3), 707-723.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
111258013
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111258013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李浩仲<br>李文傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Li, Hao-Chung<br>Lee, Wen-Chiehen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 羅佳真zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lo, Chia-Chenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 羅佳真zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lo, Chia-Chenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2024en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Sep-2024 14:37:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Sep-2024 14:37:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Sep-2024 14:37:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111258013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153288-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111258013zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自1970年代石油危機以來，各國傳統內燃引擎車(ICEV)的銷售佔比逐漸下 降，而油電混合動力車(HEV)和電池電動車(BEV)的比例顯著提升。本文利 用專利新穎性指標衡量汽車產業的技術創新，並通過專利數據了解各類型汽車的 專利分佈。基於 Verhoeven 和 Bakker 等人(2016)計算專利新穎性的方法，我 們使用來自八個專利局的資料，並新增兩個時間窗口(10年及20年)來建構專利 新穎性指標。我們分析了各國傳統車廠及中美電動車廠在1990年至2023年間於美 國專利局的專利申請，發現Tesla在專利新穎性方面顯著領先於其他美國電動車 廠、中國電動車廠及傳統車廠;而比亞迪雖不及Tesla，但在專利創新程度上領先 於其他美國及中國電動車廠，並且超越了中國的傳統車廠。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the 1970s oil crisis, the sales share of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles has gradually declined, while the proportion of hybrid and electric vehicles has significantly increased. This study utilizes patent novelty indicators to measure technological innovation in the automotive industry and examines the distribution of patents across different types of vehicles through patent data. Based on the method for calculating patent novelty by Verhoeven and Bakker et al. (2016), we use data from eight patent offices and introduce two additional time windows (10 years and 20 years) to construct the patent novelty indicators. We analyzed the patent applications of traditional automakers and electric vehicle manufacturers from China and the U.S. at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) from 1990 to 2023. The findings reveal that Tesla significantly leads other U.S. electric vehicle manufacturers, Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers, and traditional automakers in terms of patent novelty. Although BYD lags behind Tesla, it surpasses other U.S. and Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers and outperforms traditional Chinese automakers in terms of patent innovation.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 各國汽車銷售狀況 3 第三節 結果與章節架構 5 第二章 文獻回顧 6 第一節 經濟學傳統專利分析 6 第二節 計算專利新穎性 8 第三節 專利搜索策略 11 第三章 資料 13 第一節 資料來源 13 第二節 計算專利新穎性 13 第三節 樣本資料挑選 16 第四節 資料敘述統計 19 第四章 結果與結論 22 第一節 各類型汽車專利分析 22 第二節 傳統車廠申請人國別估計 26 第三節 傳統車廠各類型專利估計 29 第四節 中國、美國純電車廠歷年專利家族分佈 31 第五節 專利新穎性表現 33 第五章 結論 35 參考文獻 37 附錄 40zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2451072 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111258013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電池電動車zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內燃引擎車zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 油電混合動力車zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專利分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專利新穎性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Battery electric vehicles (BEV)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Patent analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Patent noveltyen_US
dc.title (題名) 利用專利新穎性指標衡量汽車產業的技術創新zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Measuring Technological Innovation in the Automotive Industry Using Patent Novelty Indicatorsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻 丁學文(2024)。陸電動車逆襲特斯拉 彎道超車 3 關鍵。《聯合報》，取自 https://ieknet.iek.org.tw/ieknews/news_open.aspx?actiontype=ieknews&indu_ idno=8&nsl_id=6bee89c6777d4030af0900b1951875a4。 陳信志(2020)。中國大陸 2021-2035 年新能源汽車產業發展規劃。車輛中心產 業發展處，取自 https://www.artc.org.tw/tw/knowledge/articles/13416。 國務院辦公廳(2020)。國務院辦公廳關於印發《新能源汽車產業發展規劃(2021— 2035 年)》的通知。中華人民共和國中央人民政府，取自 https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm。 英文文獻 Aghion, P., Dechezleprêtre, A., Hemous, D., Martin, R., & Van Reenen, J. (2016). Carbon taxes, path dependency, and directed technical change: Evidence from the auto industry. Journal of Political Economy, 124(1), 1-51. Bai, C. E., Hsieh, C. T., & Song, Z. (2020). Special deals with Chinese characteristics. NBER macroeconomics annual, 34(1), 341-379. Borgstedt, P., Neyer, B., & Schewe, G. (2017). Paving the road to electric vehicles–A patent analysis of the automotive supply industry. Journal of cleaner production, 167, 75-87. Daim, T. U., Rueda, G., Martin, H., & Gerdsri, P. (2006). Forecasting emerging technologies: Use of bibliometrics and patent analysis. Technological forecasting and social change, 73(8), 981-1012. Fleming, L. (2007). Breakthroughs and the ‘long tail ’of innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review. Gittelman, M., & Kogut, B. (2003). Does good science lead to valuable knowledge? Biotechnology firms and the evolutionary logic of citation patterns. Management science, 49(4), 366-382. Gruber, M., Harhoff, D., & Hoisl, K. (2013). Knowledge recombination across technological boundaries: Scientists vs. engineers. Management science, 59(4), 837-851. Lanjouw, J. O., & Schankerman, M. (2004). Patent quality and research productivity: Measuring innovation with multiple indicators. The economic journal, 114(495), 441-465. Naughton, B. (2021). The rise of China's industrial policy, 1978 to 2020. México: Universidad Nacional Autónomica de México, Facultad de Economía. Nerkar, A. (2003). Old is gold? The value of temporal exploration in the creation of new knowledge. Management science, 49(2), 211-229. Rosenkopf, L., & Nerkar, A. (2001). Beyond local search: boundary‐spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic management journal, 22(4), 287-306. Shane, S. (2001). Technological opportunities and new firm creation. Management science, 47(2), 205-220. Sinigaglia, T., Freitag, T. E., Kreimeier, F., & Martins, M. E. S. (2019). Use of patents as a tool to map the technological development involving the hydrogen economy. World Patent Information, 56, 1-8. Sinigaglia, T., Martins, M. E. S., & Siluk, J. C. M. (2022). Technological evolution of internal combustion engine vehicle: A patent data analysis. Applied Energy, 306, 118003. Strumsky, D., & Lobo, J. (2015). Identifying the sources of technological novelty in the process of invention. Research policy, 44(8), 1445-1461. Trajtenberg, M., Henderson, R., & Jaffe, A. (1997). University versus corporate patents: A window on the basicness of invention. Economics of Innovation and new technology, 5(1), 19-50. Verhoeven, D., Bakker, J., & Veugelers, R. (2016). Measuring technological novelty with patent-based indicators. Research policy, 45(3), 707-723.zh_TW