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題名 探索高等教育與創業教育在城市創業生態系統中的交互作用
Exploring the Interaction between Higher Education and Entrepreneurial Education in City Entrepreneurial Ecosystem作者 謝名瑋
Hsieh, Ming-Wei貢獻者 何乾瑋
Ho, Chien-Wei
謝名瑋
Hsieh, Ming-Wei關鍵詞 地方創業生態系
創業教育
大學知識外溢
高等教育
創業績效
Regional entrepreneurial ecosystem
Entrepreneurial education,
University knowledge spillover
Higher education
Entrepreneurial performance日期 2024 上傳時間 4-九月-2024 15:29:01 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著創業風氣在世界各地的興盛，區域創業生態系也因此陸續成形，進而帶動探究不同因素對地方創業生態系影響的相關研究議題。在創業生態系研究領域中，高等教育內的創業教育已經快速發展為全球性的趨勢，並吸引創業研究人員檢視其如何影響創業活動。因此，本研究探討高等教育及創業教育如何影響區域創業生態系的創業成效。利用StartupBlink全球新創生態系指數資料，並採用創業知識外溢理論，本研究發現大學知識外溢會對城市創業生態系的新創數量產生正面影響，但高等創業教育會削弱其影響，而基礎教育創業教育則會帶來加強的效果。本研究的結論為創業政策制定提供了洞見，以設計更完善的創業教育制度及衡量方法，從而最大化對創業生態系統的影響。
As the entrepreneurial spirit flourishes around the world, regional entrepreneurial ecosystems are gradually shaped, prompting research to investigate the impact of various factors on local ecosystems. In the field of entrepreneurial ecosystem research, entrepreneurial education within higher education has quickly become a global trend, attracting researchers to examine its influence on entrepreneurial activities. This study explores how the interaction of higher education and entrepreneurial education affect the entrepreneurial effectiveness of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Using the StartupBlink’s Global Startup Ecosystem Index from 2021 to 2023 and applying the theory of entrepreneurial knowledge spillover, this study found that university knowledge spillover positively impacts the number of startups in a city's entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, post-school entrepreneurial education weakens this effect, while basic-school entrepreneurial education alleviates the moderating effect of post-school entrepreneurial education. The conclusions of this study provide policymakers insights to design more comprehensive entrepreneurial education systems and measurement methods, thereby maximizing the impact on the entrepreneurial ecosystem.參考文獻 Acs, Z. J., Anselin, L., & Varga, A. (2002). Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge. Research policy, 31(7), 1069-1085. Acs, Z. J., Braunerhjelm, P., Audretsch, D. B., & Carlsson, B. (2009). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small business economics, 32, 15-30. Audretsch, D., Lehmann, E., & Warning, S. (2004). University spillovers: Does the kind of science matter? Industry and innovation, 11(3), 193-206. Audretsch, D. B., Lehmann, E. E., & Warning, S. (2017). University spillovers and new firm location. In Universities and the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (pp. 87-96). Edward Elgar Publishing. Audretsch, D. B., & Lehmann, E. E. (2005). Does the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship hold for regions? Research policy, 34(8), 1191-1202. Audretsch, D. B., & Lehmann, E. E. (2005). Mansfield’s missing link: The impact of knowledge spillovers on firm growth (pp. 271-274). Springer US. Anglin, A. H., Short, J. C., Drover, W., Stevenson, R. M., McKenny, A. F., & Allison, T. H. (2018). The power of positivity? The influence of positive psychological capital language on crowdfunding performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 470-492. Barra, C., Maietta, O. W., & Zotti, R. (2019). Academic excellence, local knowledge spillovers and innovation in Europe. Regional Studies, 53(7), 1058-1069. Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2006). Entpreprenerial universities and technology transfer: A conceptual framework for understanding knowledge-based economic development. The journal of technology transfer, 31, 175-188. Bouncken, R. B., & Reuschl, A. J. (2018). Coworking-spaces: how a phenomenon of the sharing economy builds a novel trend for the workplace and for entrepreneurship. Review of managerial science, 12, 317-334. Brüne, N., & Lutz, E. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurship education in schools on entrepreneurial outcomes: a systematic review. Management Review Quarterly, 70(2), 275-305. Calcagnini, G., Favaretto, I., Giombini, G., Perugini, F., & Rombaldoni, R. (2016). The role of universities in the location of innovative start-ups. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41, 670-693. Carpenter, R. E., & Petersen, B. C. (2002). Capital market imperfections, high‐tech investment, and new equity financing. The economic journal, 112(477), F54-F72. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., & Whalen, S. (1997). Talented teenagers: The roots of success and failure. Cambridge University Press. Del Bosco, B., Mazzucchelli, A., Chierici, R., & Di Gregorio, A. (2021). Innovative startup creation: The effect of local factors and demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(1), 145-164. Driessen, M. P., & Zwart, P. S. (2007). The entrepreneur scan measuring characteristics and traits of entrepreneurs. Available from Internet:< http://www. necarbo. eu/files/E-scan% 20MAB% 20Article. pdf. Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(3), 81-90. Eesley, C. E., & Lee, Y. S. (2021). Do university entrepreneurship programs promote entrepreneurship? Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), 833-861. Elert, N., Andersson, F. W., & Wennberg, K. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education in high school on long-term entrepreneurial performance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 111, 209-223. Franke, N., Gruber, M., Harhoff, D., & Henkel, J. (2008). Venture capitalists’ evaluations of start–up teams: Trade–offs, knock–out criteria, and the impact of VC experience. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(3), 459-483. Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2014). The effect of regional entrepreneurship culture on economic development: Evidence for Germany (No. 2014-014). Jena Economic Research Papers. Hall, B. H., Link, A. N., & Scott, J. T. (2003). Universities as research partners. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(2), 485-491. Harris, R. G. (2001). The knowledge‐based economy: intellectual origins and new economic perspectives. International journal of management reviews, 3(1), 21-40. Hassi, A. (2016). Effectiveness of early entrepreneurship education at the primary school level: Evidence from a field research in Morocco. Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 15(2), 83-103. Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (1990). Exploring the nature of covariate effects in the proportional hazards model. Biometrics, 1005-1016. Huber, L. R., Sloof, R., & Van Praag, M. (2014). The effect of early entrepreneurship education: Evidence from a field experiment. European Economic Review, 72, 76-97. Kaplan, S. N., & Strömberg, P. E. (2004). Characteristics, contracts, and actions: Evidence from venture capitalist analyses. The journal of finance, 59(5), 2177-2210. Khursheed, A., Mustafa, F., Fatima, M., & Siddique, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial Intentions: GEM based empirical analysis on the northern Europe and Asian countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 6(2). Lawson, C., & Lorenz, E. (1999). Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity. Regional studies, 33(4), 305-317. Leendertse, J., Schrijvers, M., & Stam, E. (2022). Measure twice, cut once: Entrepreneurial ecosystem metrics. Research Policy, 51(9), 104336. Lehmann, E. E., Menter, M., & Wirsching, K. (2022). University spillovers, absorptive capacities, and firm performance. Eurasian Business Review, 12(1), 125-150. McCullagh P. Generalized linear models. Routledge; 2019 Jan 22. Miloud, T., Aspelund, A., & Cabrol, M. (2012). Startup valuation by venture capitalists: an empirical study. Venture Capital, 14(2-3), 151-174. Minniti, M. (2008). The role of government policy on entrepreneurial activity: productive, unproductive, or destructive? Entrepreneurship theory and Practice, 32(5), 779-790. Naldi, L., & Davidsson, P. (2014). Entrepreneurial growth: The role of international knowledge acquisition as moderated by firm age. Journal of business venturing, 29(5), 687-703. Ndofirepi, T. M. (2020). Relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial goal intentions: psychological traits as mediators. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 2. Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., & Stuetzer, M. (2011). Nascent entrepreneurship and the developing individual: Early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence and venture creation success during the career. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 121-133. Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European economic review, 54(3), 442-454. Pietrucha, J. (2018). Country-specific determinants of world university rankings. Scientometrics, 114(3), 1129-1139. Porter, M. E., & Porter, M. P. (1998). Location, clusters, and the" new" microeconomics of competition. Business economics, 7-13. Qiu, S., Liu, X., & Gao, T. (2017). Do emerging countries prefer local knowledge or distant knowledge? Spillover effect of university collaborations on local firms. Research Policy, 46(7), 1299-1311. Reichert, S. (2019). The role of universities in regional innovation ecosystems. EUA study, European University Association, Brussels, Belgium. Sánchez, J. C. (2013). The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of small business management, 51(3), 447-465. Sathaworawong, P., Thawesaengskulthai, N., & Saengchote, K. (2018, December). Determinant of Startups’ Fund-raising Value: Entrepreneur and Firm Characteristic. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 1309-1314). IEEE. Shamborovskyi, G., Shelukhin, M., Allayarov, S., Khaustova, Y., & Breus, S. (2020). Efficiency of functioning and development of exhibition activity in international entrepreneurship. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal. Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 41(1), 49-72. Stam, E. (2018). Measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurial ecosystems: Place-based transformations and transitions, 173-197. Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small business economics, 56(2), 809-832. Szerb, L., Lafuente, E., Horváth, K., & Páger, B. (2019). The relevance of quantity and quality entrepreneurship for regional performance: The moderating role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Regional Studies, 53(9), 1308-1320. Treutinger, K., Thaurer, A., & Füller, J. (2017). Startup Events and Their Influence on the Startup Scene: The Case of Skinnovation in Innsbruck. In ISPIM Conference Proceedings (pp. 1-13). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic behavior & organization, 76(1), 90-112. Zamberi Ahmad, S., & Xavier, S. R. (2012). Entrepreneurial environments and growth: evidence from Malaysia GEM data. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 50-69 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
111351028資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111351028 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何乾瑋 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ho, Chien-Wei en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 謝名瑋 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Hsieh, Ming-Wei en_US dc.creator (作者) 謝名瑋 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsieh, Ming-Wei en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-九月-2024 15:29:01 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-九月-2024 15:29:01 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-九月-2024 15:29:01 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0111351028 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153494 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111351028 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著創業風氣在世界各地的興盛，區域創業生態系也因此陸續成形，進而帶動探究不同因素對地方創業生態系影響的相關研究議題。在創業生態系研究領域中，高等教育內的創業教育已經快速發展為全球性的趨勢，並吸引創業研究人員檢視其如何影響創業活動。因此，本研究探討高等教育及創業教育如何影響區域創業生態系的創業成效。利用StartupBlink全球新創生態系指數資料，並採用創業知識外溢理論，本研究發現大學知識外溢會對城市創業生態系的新創數量產生正面影響，但高等創業教育會削弱其影響，而基礎教育創業教育則會帶來加強的效果。本研究的結論為創業政策制定提供了洞見，以設計更完善的創業教育制度及衡量方法，從而最大化對創業生態系統的影響。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the entrepreneurial spirit flourishes around the world, regional entrepreneurial ecosystems are gradually shaped, prompting research to investigate the impact of various factors on local ecosystems. In the field of entrepreneurial ecosystem research, entrepreneurial education within higher education has quickly become a global trend, attracting researchers to examine its influence on entrepreneurial activities. This study explores how the interaction of higher education and entrepreneurial education affect the entrepreneurial effectiveness of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Using the StartupBlink’s Global Startup Ecosystem Index from 2021 to 2023 and applying the theory of entrepreneurial knowledge spillover, this study found that university knowledge spillover positively impacts the number of startups in a city's entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, post-school entrepreneurial education weakens this effect, while basic-school entrepreneurial education alleviates the moderating effect of post-school entrepreneurial education. The conclusions of this study provide policymakers insights to design more comprehensive entrepreneurial education systems and measurement methods, thereby maximizing the impact on the entrepreneurial ecosystem. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1 2. Theory and Hypotheses Development 3 1.1Theoretical Foundations 3 2.2 Proposed Model and Hypotheses 4 2.2.1 The Main Effects of University Spillover on The Number of Startups 4 2.2.2 Moderating role of Entrepreneurship Education 5 2.2.3 The Main Effects of University Spillover on The Amount of Funding 8 3. Data and methodology 11 3.1Data sources 11 3.2Measures 12 3.2.1 Outcome variables 12 3.2.2 Main explanatory variable 13 3.2.3 Moderator Variables 14 3.2.4 Control Variable 14 3.3 Method 16 4. Results 18 5. Conclusion 26 Reference 29 zh_TW dc.format.extent 882227 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111351028 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地方創業生態系 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創業教育 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大學知識外溢 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高等教育 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創業績效 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Regional entrepreneurial ecosystem en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Entrepreneurial education, en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) University knowledge spillover en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Higher education en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Entrepreneurial performance en_US dc.title (題名) 探索高等教育與創業教育在城市創業生態系統中的交互作用 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Exploring the Interaction between Higher Education and Entrepreneurial Education in City Entrepreneurial Ecosystem en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Acs, Z. J., Anselin, L., & Varga, A. (2002). Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge. Research policy, 31(7), 1069-1085. Acs, Z. J., Braunerhjelm, P., Audretsch, D. B., & Carlsson, B. (2009). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small business economics, 32, 15-30. Audretsch, D., Lehmann, E., & Warning, S. (2004). University spillovers: Does the kind of science matter? Industry and innovation, 11(3), 193-206. Audretsch, D. B., Lehmann, E. E., & Warning, S. (2017). University spillovers and new firm location. In Universities and the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (pp. 87-96). Edward Elgar Publishing. Audretsch, D. B., & Lehmann, E. E. (2005). Does the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship hold for regions? Research policy, 34(8), 1191-1202. Audretsch, D. B., & Lehmann, E. E. (2005). Mansfield’s missing link: The impact of knowledge spillovers on firm growth (pp. 271-274). Springer US. Anglin, A. H., Short, J. C., Drover, W., Stevenson, R. M., McKenny, A. F., & Allison, T. H. (2018). The power of positivity? The influence of positive psychological capital language on crowdfunding performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 470-492. Barra, C., Maietta, O. W., & Zotti, R. (2019). Academic excellence, local knowledge spillovers and innovation in Europe. Regional Studies, 53(7), 1058-1069. Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2006). Entpreprenerial universities and technology transfer: A conceptual framework for understanding knowledge-based economic development. The journal of technology transfer, 31, 175-188. Bouncken, R. B., & Reuschl, A. J. (2018). Coworking-spaces: how a phenomenon of the sharing economy builds a novel trend for the workplace and for entrepreneurship. Review of managerial science, 12, 317-334. Brüne, N., & Lutz, E. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurship education in schools on entrepreneurial outcomes: a systematic review. Management Review Quarterly, 70(2), 275-305. Calcagnini, G., Favaretto, I., Giombini, G., Perugini, F., & Rombaldoni, R. (2016). The role of universities in the location of innovative start-ups. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41, 670-693. Carpenter, R. E., & Petersen, B. C. (2002). Capital market imperfections, high‐tech investment, and new equity financing. The economic journal, 112(477), F54-F72. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., & Whalen, S. (1997). Talented teenagers: The roots of success and failure. Cambridge University Press. Del Bosco, B., Mazzucchelli, A., Chierici, R., & Di Gregorio, A. (2021). Innovative startup creation: The effect of local factors and demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(1), 145-164. Driessen, M. P., & Zwart, P. S. (2007). The entrepreneur scan measuring characteristics and traits of entrepreneurs. Available from Internet:< http://www. necarbo. eu/files/E-scan% 20MAB% 20Article. pdf. Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(3), 81-90. Eesley, C. E., & Lee, Y. S. (2021). Do university entrepreneurship programs promote entrepreneurship? Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), 833-861. Elert, N., Andersson, F. W., & Wennberg, K. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education in high school on long-term entrepreneurial performance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 111, 209-223. Franke, N., Gruber, M., Harhoff, D., & Henkel, J. (2008). Venture capitalists’ evaluations of start–up teams: Trade–offs, knock–out criteria, and the impact of VC experience. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(3), 459-483. Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2014). The effect of regional entrepreneurship culture on economic development: Evidence for Germany (No. 2014-014). Jena Economic Research Papers. Hall, B. H., Link, A. N., & Scott, J. T. (2003). Universities as research partners. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(2), 485-491. Harris, R. G. (2001). The knowledge‐based economy: intellectual origins and new economic perspectives. International journal of management reviews, 3(1), 21-40. Hassi, A. (2016). Effectiveness of early entrepreneurship education at the primary school level: Evidence from a field research in Morocco. Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 15(2), 83-103. Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (1990). Exploring the nature of covariate effects in the proportional hazards model. Biometrics, 1005-1016. Huber, L. R., Sloof, R., & Van Praag, M. (2014). The effect of early entrepreneurship education: Evidence from a field experiment. European Economic Review, 72, 76-97. Kaplan, S. N., & Strömberg, P. E. (2004). Characteristics, contracts, and actions: Evidence from venture capitalist analyses. The journal of finance, 59(5), 2177-2210. Khursheed, A., Mustafa, F., Fatima, M., & Siddique, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial Intentions: GEM based empirical analysis on the northern Europe and Asian countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 6(2). Lawson, C., & Lorenz, E. (1999). Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity. Regional studies, 33(4), 305-317. Leendertse, J., Schrijvers, M., & Stam, E. (2022). Measure twice, cut once: Entrepreneurial ecosystem metrics. Research Policy, 51(9), 104336. Lehmann, E. E., Menter, M., & Wirsching, K. (2022). University spillovers, absorptive capacities, and firm performance. Eurasian Business Review, 12(1), 125-150. McCullagh P. Generalized linear models. Routledge; 2019 Jan 22. Miloud, T., Aspelund, A., & Cabrol, M. (2012). Startup valuation by venture capitalists: an empirical study. Venture Capital, 14(2-3), 151-174. Minniti, M. (2008). The role of government policy on entrepreneurial activity: productive, unproductive, or destructive? Entrepreneurship theory and Practice, 32(5), 779-790. Naldi, L., & Davidsson, P. (2014). Entrepreneurial growth: The role of international knowledge acquisition as moderated by firm age. Journal of business venturing, 29(5), 687-703. Ndofirepi, T. M. (2020). Relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial goal intentions: psychological traits as mediators. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 2. Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., & Stuetzer, M. (2011). Nascent entrepreneurship and the developing individual: Early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence and venture creation success during the career. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 121-133. Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European economic review, 54(3), 442-454. Pietrucha, J. (2018). Country-specific determinants of world university rankings. Scientometrics, 114(3), 1129-1139. Porter, M. E., & Porter, M. P. (1998). Location, clusters, and the" new" microeconomics of competition. Business economics, 7-13. Qiu, S., Liu, X., & Gao, T. (2017). Do emerging countries prefer local knowledge or distant knowledge? Spillover effect of university collaborations on local firms. Research Policy, 46(7), 1299-1311. Reichert, S. (2019). The role of universities in regional innovation ecosystems. EUA study, European University Association, Brussels, Belgium. Sánchez, J. C. (2013). The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of small business management, 51(3), 447-465. Sathaworawong, P., Thawesaengskulthai, N., & Saengchote, K. (2018, December). Determinant of Startups’ Fund-raising Value: Entrepreneur and Firm Characteristic. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 1309-1314). IEEE. Shamborovskyi, G., Shelukhin, M., Allayarov, S., Khaustova, Y., & Breus, S. (2020). Efficiency of functioning and development of exhibition activity in international entrepreneurship. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal. Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 41(1), 49-72. Stam, E. (2018). Measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurial ecosystems: Place-based transformations and transitions, 173-197. Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small business economics, 56(2), 809-832. Szerb, L., Lafuente, E., Horváth, K., & Páger, B. (2019). The relevance of quantity and quality entrepreneurship for regional performance: The moderating role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Regional Studies, 53(9), 1308-1320. Treutinger, K., Thaurer, A., & Füller, J. (2017). Startup Events and Their Influence on the Startup Scene: The Case of Skinnovation in Innsbruck. In ISPIM Conference Proceedings (pp. 1-13). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic behavior & organization, 76(1), 90-112. Zamberi Ahmad, S., & Xavier, S. R. (2012). Entrepreneurial environments and growth: evidence from Malaysia GEM data. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 50-69 zh_TW
