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題名 探討數位轉型下的新聞室—從個人與人際關係到變革策略建構的觀點
The newsrooms under the digital transformation: perspectives from individual and interpersonal relationships to constructing change strategies作者 吳炳毅
Wu, Ping-I貢獻者 陳聖智
Chen, Sheng-Chih
吳炳毅
Wu, Ping-I關鍵詞 數位轉型
數位變革
數位訂閱
新聞記者
記者自主性
天下雜誌
digital transformation
digital change
digital subscriptions
journalists
journalistic autonomy
CommonWealth Magazine日期 2024 上傳時間 1-十一月-2024 11:35:12 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年來，多數的國內外紙本媒體，都面臨營收上的考驗，不僅廣告營收因數位平台興起而銳減，在紙本發行營收面，更是因閱聽人習慣改變而屢創新低。在此趨勢下，部分紙本開始進行數位變革，調整新聞室的工作模式，以建構數位訂閱的新商業模式，爭取更多的數位發行營收。其中，根據文獻，在新聞組織的數位變革中，推動記者個人、人際關係的改變，通常是最為艱辛的過程。因此，本研究以《天下雜誌》平網整合下的編輯部為個案，以變革三階段理論為核心、藉深度訪談法，訪談八位《天下雜誌》內部工作者，從個人、人際關係角度，探討記者如何對變革產生動機、學習新變革和內化新變革，並順利完成變革。同時，也立基於這些探討，分析變革推動者採取何種策略，以有效推動記者完成變革。 對此，本研究發現，記者在該變革個案中，主要面臨到「工作節奏加快與撰寫網路稿」、「打造數位新型態敘事報導」與「注重讀者需求」的改變。首先，研究結果表明，變革下記者的自主性、新聞角色認知等獨特認同，作為初期記者對變革產生抗拒之主要原因。其次，組織中提供的「情境支持」、「領導者的指導」，可替記者形塑心理安全感，有助於化解其對變革的抗拒，幫助變革漸進性地達成。第三，本研究也認為，工作量、學習資源與數位系統，亦是從個人與人際關係面向觀察數位變革時，需要關注個構面。第四，本研究也指出，新聞組織的數位轉型報告除對外宣示變革的決心外，對內也作為使變革內化於組織的另種用途。最後，奠基於本研究之發現與結論，本研究也導出新聞組織數位變革的九個關鍵的實務建議，提供新聞組織參考，以提升順利完成變革的可能性。
In recent years, most print media, both domestically and internationally, have faced significant revenue challenges. Advertising revenues have sharply declined due to the rise of digital platforms, and print circulation revenues have reached new lows as audience habits continue to shift. In response to these trends, some print media outlets have initiated digital transformations, adjusting newsroom operations to establish new business models focused on digital subscriptions, aiming to increase digital circulation revenues. According to the literature, in the process of digital transformation within news organizations, fostering changes in journalists' personal and interpersonal dynamics is often the most challenging aspect. Thus, this study uses the newsroom of CommonWealth Magazine under its integrated print and digital model as a case study, employing the "Changing as Three Steps" theory as the theoretical framework. Through in-depth interviews with eight internal staff members of CommonWealth Magazine, the research explores how journalists, from individual and interpersonal perspectives, develop motivation for change, learn new changes, internalize these changes, and successfully complete the transformation. Building upon these insights, the study also analyzes the strategies employed by change advocates to effectively facilitate journalists in accomplishing the change. This study found that journalists primarily faced changes related to "accelerated work pace and writing for online content," "creating new forms of digital narrative reporting," and "focusing on reader needs" in this transformation case. First, the findings indicate that journalists’ autonomy and journalists' role perceptions were key factors leading to initial resistance to change. Second, the "contextual support" and " team leader coaching" provided by the organization helped create a sense of psychological safety for journalists, which was instrumental in alleviating their resistance and facilitating gradual progress toward transformation. Third, this study suggests that workload, learning resources, and digital systems are critical dimensions to consider when observing digital transformation from individual and interpersonal perspectives. Fourth, the research also highlights that the digital transformation reports issued by news organizations serve not only to externally declare the organization’s commitment to change but also to internalize the change within the organization. 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國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
111464006資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111464006 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳聖智 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Sheng-Chih en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 吳炳毅 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Wu, Ping-I en_US dc.creator (作者) 吳炳毅 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wu, Ping-I en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-十一月-2024 11:35:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-十一月-2024 11:35:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-十一月-2024 11:35:12 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0111464006 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/154228 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111464006 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來，多數的國內外紙本媒體，都面臨營收上的考驗，不僅廣告營收因數位平台興起而銳減，在紙本發行營收面，更是因閱聽人習慣改變而屢創新低。在此趨勢下，部分紙本開始進行數位變革，調整新聞室的工作模式，以建構數位訂閱的新商業模式，爭取更多的數位發行營收。其中，根據文獻，在新聞組織的數位變革中，推動記者個人、人際關係的改變，通常是最為艱辛的過程。因此，本研究以《天下雜誌》平網整合下的編輯部為個案，以變革三階段理論為核心、藉深度訪談法，訪談八位《天下雜誌》內部工作者，從個人、人際關係角度，探討記者如何對變革產生動機、學習新變革和內化新變革，並順利完成變革。同時，也立基於這些探討，分析變革推動者採取何種策略，以有效推動記者完成變革。 對此，本研究發現，記者在該變革個案中，主要面臨到「工作節奏加快與撰寫網路稿」、「打造數位新型態敘事報導」與「注重讀者需求」的改變。首先，研究結果表明，變革下記者的自主性、新聞角色認知等獨特認同，作為初期記者對變革產生抗拒之主要原因。其次，組織中提供的「情境支持」、「領導者的指導」，可替記者形塑心理安全感，有助於化解其對變革的抗拒，幫助變革漸進性地達成。第三，本研究也認為，工作量、學習資源與數位系統，亦是從個人與人際關係面向觀察數位變革時，需要關注個構面。第四，本研究也指出，新聞組織的數位轉型報告除對外宣示變革的決心外，對內也作為使變革內化於組織的另種用途。最後，奠基於本研究之發現與結論，本研究也導出新聞組織數位變革的九個關鍵的實務建議，提供新聞組織參考，以提升順利完成變革的可能性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent years, most print media, both domestically and internationally, have faced significant revenue challenges. Advertising revenues have sharply declined due to the rise of digital platforms, and print circulation revenues have reached new lows as audience habits continue to shift. In response to these trends, some print media outlets have initiated digital transformations, adjusting newsroom operations to establish new business models focused on digital subscriptions, aiming to increase digital circulation revenues. According to the literature, in the process of digital transformation within news organizations, fostering changes in journalists' personal and interpersonal dynamics is often the most challenging aspect. Thus, this study uses the newsroom of CommonWealth Magazine under its integrated print and digital model as a case study, employing the "Changing as Three Steps" theory as the theoretical framework. Through in-depth interviews with eight internal staff members of CommonWealth Magazine, the research explores how journalists, from individual and interpersonal perspectives, develop motivation for change, learn new changes, internalize these changes, and successfully complete the transformation. Building upon these insights, the study also analyzes the strategies employed by change advocates to effectively facilitate journalists in accomplishing the change. This study found that journalists primarily faced changes related to "accelerated work pace and writing for online content," "creating new forms of digital narrative reporting," and "focusing on reader needs" in this transformation case. First, the findings indicate that journalists’ autonomy and journalists' role perceptions were key factors leading to initial resistance to change. Second, the "contextual support" and " team leader coaching" provided by the organization helped create a sense of psychological safety for journalists, which was instrumental in alleviating their resistance and facilitating gradual progress toward transformation. Third, this study suggests that workload, learning resources, and digital systems are critical dimensions to consider when observing digital transformation from individual and interpersonal perspectives. Fourth, the research also highlights that the digital transformation reports issued by news organizations serve not only to externally declare the organization’s commitment to change but also to internalize the change within the organization. Based on the findings and conclusions of this research, nine key practical recommendations are provided for news organizations to consider, which could enhance the likelihood of successfully completing the digital transformation. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與研究問題 4 第三節 研究個案 7 第四節 研究流程 8 一、文獻回顧及訪綱擬定 8 二、資料蒐集 9 三、資料分析 9 四、彙整結論及實務具體建議 9 第二章 文獻回顧 11 第一節 新聞組織的數位轉型 11 一、數位轉型的概念及其研究 11 二、新聞組織的數位轉型與匯流 13 三、《天下雜誌》的數位轉型 16 第二節 Lewin的變革三階段模型 26 一、Lewin 變革三階段模型的源起 30 二、Lewin 變革三階段模型的核心概念 32 第三節 變革三階段的機制與推動策略 35 一、解凍（unfreezing） 36 二、移動（moving） 42 三、結凍（freezing） 45 第四節 變革歷程差異 50 一、變革推動者的領導風格差異 50 二、變革組織的性質 53 三、變革推動者補足職能需求的方式 65 第三章 研究方法 68 第一節 研究架構 68 第二節 個案研究法與研究個案 71 第三節 深度訪談法與訪談對象 73 第四節 訪談大綱 76 第五節 資料編碼 84 第四章 研究發現 85 第一節 背景：從推動數位訂閱到追求平網整合 85 第二節 解凍：創造變革動機與面對變革抗拒 90 一、改變一：工作節奏加快與撰寫網路稿 95 二、改變二：打造數位新型態敘事報導 105 三、改變三：注重讀者需求 110 四、其他整體觀察與章節小結 117 第三節 移動：學習變革與實踐新工作模式 121 一、學習：試錯的學習及個人化的學習資源 121 二、行動：適當工作量安排及數位系統適應 125 三、其他整體觀察與章節小結 128 第四節 結凍：內化數位變革與落實新制度 130 一、意識確認數據 130 二、以制度確立變革 133 第五節 寫在平網整合之後：持續因應未來挑戰 136 一、編輯顧問與《天下》的數位發展 136 二、《天下》數位發展的未來展望 138 第五章 研究結論與建議 140 一、研究結論：當數位變革遇到自主專業角色 140 二、實務策略建議：新聞室數位變革的九個關鍵 143 三、研究限制與建議研究方向 147 參考文獻 148 附件一、受訪者知情同意書 169 附件二、訪談逐字稿編碼表 171 zh_TW dc.format.extent 5439781 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111464006 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位轉型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位變革 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位訂閱 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新聞記者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 記者自主性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 天下雜誌 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) digital transformation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) digital change en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) digital subscriptions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) journalists en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) journalistic autonomy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) CommonWealth Magazine en_US dc.title (題名) 探討數位轉型下的新聞室—從個人與人際關係到變革策略建構的觀點 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The newsrooms under the digital transformation: perspectives from individual and interpersonal relationships to constructing change strategies en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分 天下雜誌（2018）。〈天下雜誌數位轉型報告〉，《天下雜誌》。https://topic.cw.com.tw/media-digital-transformation/2018/ 天下雜誌（2018年10月4日）。〈天下雜誌囊括第42屆數位金鼎獎所有獎項〉，《天下雜誌》。https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5092367 天下雜誌（2019）。〈天下，不只是一本雜誌：2019天下數位轉型報告〉，《天下雜誌》。https://web.cw.com.tw/media-digital-transformation-2019/ 王思澄（2014）。《讓大船轉彎：傳統雜誌發展新平台－以《天下雜誌》「獨立評論@天下」為例》。國立臺灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/j7bzvd 王淑美（2018）。〈網路速度與新聞－轉變中的記者時間實踐及價值反思〉。《中華傳播學刊》，33，65-98。https://doi.org/10.6195/cjcr.201806_33.0002 王維菁（2013）。〈科技變遷下的台灣新聞記者新資：現狀與出路－批判政經取向之思考〉。《中華傳播學刊》，23，73-124。https://doi.org/10.6195/cjcr.2013.23.03 王維菁、廖執善、蔣旭政、周昆璋(2021)。〈利用AI 技術偵測假新聞之實證研究〉。《中華傳播學刊》，39，43-70。https://doi.org/10.3966/172635812021060039002 余坤東（1999）。〈組織變革活動系絡與變革成效之探討〉。《輔仁管理評論》，6(2)，1-21。 李宜萱（2023）。《數位媒體付費訂閱制初探— 以《天下雜誌》和《聯合報》為例》。國立臺灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/zg82k8 周詣（2016）。《以「破壞式創新」和「資源、流程與價值」觀點檢視天下雜誌「創新學院」的發展》。國立臺灣大學國際企業學研究所碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2b397f 周慶祥（2012）。〈從價值鏈理論探討報紙新聞網站資訊價值創造模式〉。《玄奘資訊傳播學報》，9，79-117。https://doi.org/10.29594/XLZY.201207.0004 林秀姿、張加、蔡佩蓉（2021年9月1日）。〈新聞部10年數位轉型〉，《聯合報數位轉型報告》。https://udn70.udn.com/digital-transformation/organization 林佩蓉（2021）。《平面雜誌媒體的數位轉型——以親子天下為例》。輔仁大學大眾傳播學研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2sessb 林柏君（2020）。〈疫情衝擊下看中小企業數位轉型發展〉。《經濟前瞻》，190，58-61。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=10190376-202007-202007220008-202007220008-58-61 林富美（2006）。《台灣新聞工作者與藝人：解析市場經濟下的文化勞動》。秀威資訊。 林照真（2014）。〈聚合對傳統報紙轉型的衝擊：《紐約時報》與《衛報》的比較研究〉。《新聞學研究》，120，1-45。https://doi.org/10.30386/MCR.201407_(120).0001 林照真（2022）。〈臺灣報紙受平台科技影響：新聞與民主的警訊〉。《傳播文化與政治》，16，139-163。 林翠絹（2018）。〈數位優先新聞室：《海峽時報》網絡新聞匯流與轉型分析〉。《傳播與社會學刊》，43，73-102。https://doi.org/10.30180/CS.201801_(43).0005 洪啟維（2022）。《投資模型理論應用於新聞App用戶之品牌承諾及用戶行為意願研究──以商周Plus與天下雜誌為例》。國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專班碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/7qcy87 唐士哲（2024）。生成式人工智慧、新聞室自動化與變遷中的新聞樣貌。《文化：政策．管理．新創》，3(1)，9-27。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20230308002-N202405300005-00002 夏志遠（2022）。《傳統媒體數位轉型提案 -以天下雜誌創新學院為例》。國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/44755n 徐國淦、于俊傑、余鑑（2015）。〈變革之舞: 傳統媒體《聯合報》導入關鍵績效考核的危機與轉機〉。《中華傳播學刊》，28，35–78。https://doi.org/10.6195/cjcr.2015.28.02 徐慧倫（2011）。《前路漫漫:台灣報業的數位革命與發展 以《聯合報》、《中國時報》、《蘋果日報》、《自由時報》為例》。國立臺灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/67bqa7 財團法人台灣網路資訊中心（2023年8月29日）。〈2023年台灣網路報告》，《台灣網路報告官網》。取自：https://report.twnic.tw/2023/ 張文強（2002）。〈一次關於新聞專業、專業主義的複習〉。《傳播文化》，17(1)，1-15。 張文強（2002）。〈媒介組織內部權力運作與新聞工作自主：封建采邑內的權力控制與反抗〉。《新聞學研究》，73，29-61。 郭文平（2018）。〈當新聞遇見社群媒介：瀰漫媒介場域中的新聞實踐研究〉。《中華傳播學刊》，34，35-80。https://doi.org/10.3966/172635812018120034002 郭亮均（2019）。《天下雜誌》、《端傳媒》及《風傳媒》網路新聞付費平台之競爭區位分析－以閱聽人資源角度探討》。國立中正大學傳播學系電訊傳播研究所。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/wbzufn 郭姿辰（2019）。《傳統媒體轉型為「新新媒體」的商業模式——以紐約時報公司為例》。國立臺灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。【台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統】https://hdl.handle.net/11296/vfnd76 陳向明（2002）。《社會科學質的研究》。五南。 陸洛、吳欣蓓、張婷婷、樊學良、吳珮瑀、周君倚、陳楓媚、梁錦泉譯（2017）。《變革抗拒：哈佛組織心理學家教你不靠意志力啟動變革開關》。中衛發展中心。（原書 Kegan, R., & Lahey, L. 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