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題名 半導體產業的稀土元素依賴性和供應鏈韌性
Rare Earth Element Dependence and Supply Chain Resilience of the Semiconductor Industry作者 趙子孟
Paige, Truman貢獻者 彭喜樞
Peng, Shi-Shu
趙子孟
Truman Paige關鍵詞 稀土元素 (REEs)
供應鏈韌性
半導體產業
關鍵資源
全球採購
經濟依賴性
國際貿易
採購策略
風險管理
製造供應鏈
Rare Earth Elements (REEs)
Supply Chain Resilience
Semiconductor Industry
Critical Resources
Global Sourcing
Economic Dependency
International Trade
Procurement Strategy
Risk Management
Manufacturing Supply Chains日期 2025 上傳時間 3-三月-2025 15:33:50 (UTC+8) 摘要 稀土元素 (REE) 具有獨特的特性，可用於生產先進的數位設備，因此對於半導體產業至關重要。然而，由於嚴重依賴REE，半導體產業遇到了巨大的障礙，特別是考慮到中國在其供應中佔據主導地位。這種依賴性造成了全球供應鏈的脆弱性，可能導致地緣政治緊張、政策轉變以及可能嚴重影響半導體製造和全球技術進步的額外幹擾。 為了應對這些威脅，半導體產業的製造商和主要參與者正在研究多種方法來提高供應鏈的韌性。其中包括稀土REE來源多樣化、開發回收技術以及分配時間和精力研究替代材料。然而，這些措施往往受到高資本成本、環境考量和有限的可行替代方案的限制。策略儲備雖然是臨時解決方案，但無法解決供應鏈的根本脆弱性，凸顯了長期創新和多元化的必要性。 本論文透過評估與稀土依賴相關的經濟、地緣政治和環境危害，有助於學術界對半導體產業供應鏈韌性的理解。這項研究提供了對目前和未來能夠減輕這些危害並提高全球半導體生產穩定性的方法的了解。可行的建議包括供應來源多元化、投資替代材料以及推進回收技術。
Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential to the semiconductor industry due to the distinct characteristics that enable the production of advanced digital devices. The semiconductor industry, however, encounters substantial obstacles due to its heavy reliance on REEs, particularly given China's dominant role in their supply. This dependency creates vulnerabilities in the global supply chain, holding the possibility of geopolitical tensions, policy shifts, along with additional disturbances that might severely impact semiconductor manufacturing and global technological progress. As a reaction to these threats, manufacturers and key players in the semiconductor industry are investigating diverse approaches to improve supply chain resilience. These include diversifying sources of REEs, developing recycling technologies, and allocating time and effort towards studying alternative materials. However, these measures are often constrained by high capital costs, environmental considerations, and limited feasible alternatives. Strategic stockpiling, while a temporary solution, cannot address the fundamental delicacy of the supply chain, highlighting the necessity for long-term innovation and diversification. This thesis contributes to the academic understanding of supply chain resilience in the semiconductor industry by assessing the economic, geopolitical, and environmental hazards linked with REE dependency. This research provides an understanding of the current and future approaches that have the ability to mitigate these hazards and improve the stability of global semiconductor production. Actionable recommendations include diversifying supply sources, investing in alternative materials, and advancing recycling technologies.參考文獻 Academic Journals: Balaram, V. (2019). Rare earth elements: A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact. Geoscience Frontiers, 10(4), 1223–1634. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711930025 Bielawski, R. (2020). Rare earth elements–a novelty in energy security. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 21(4), 134-149. https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125452.pdf Filho, W. L., Kotter, R., Özuyar, P. G., Abubakar, I. R., Eustachio, J. H. P. P., & Matandirotya, N. R. (2023). Understanding rare earth elements as critical raw materials. Sustainability, 15(3), 1919. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/1919 Friday, D., Ryan, S., Melnyk, S. A., & Proulx, D. (2023). Supply chain deep uncertainties and risks: The ‘new normal’. In Supply Chain Risk and Disruption Management (pp. 51-72). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-2629-9_3 Fu, W., Jing, S., Liu, Q., & Zhang, H. (2023). Resilient supply chain framework for semiconductor distribution and an empirical study of demand risk inference. Sustainability, 15(9), 7382. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7382 Giese, E. C. (2022). Strategic minerals: Global challenges post-COVID-19. The Extractive Industries and Society, 12, 101113. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X22000788 Golloch, A. (Ed.). (2022). Handbook of rare earth elements: Analytics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8kR3EAAAQBAJ Jawadand, S., Godbole, P., Deshpande, K., Meshram, R., Dandekar, S., Dora, M. L., ... & Randive, K. (2022). Rare earth elements: Reshaping the global supply chain with urban mining. In Proceedings of Prospects and Challenges of Mineral Based Products and Utilization of Wastes for the Make in India Initiative (pp. 49-67). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3031-50262-0_3 Joshi, Y., Patil, K., & Bommakanti, K. (2023). Resilient rare earths: Pathways for the G20. Global Solutions Initiative. https://www.global-solutions-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/T20_PB_TF1_18_Resilient_Rare_Earths__Pathways.pdf Jowitt, S. M. (2022). Mineral economics of the rare-earth elements. MRS Bulletin, 47(3), 276-282. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-022-002893 Khan, S. M., Peterson, D., & Mann, A. (2021). The semiconductor supply chain. CSET Issue Brief. Center for Security and Emerging Technology. https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/the-semiconductor-supply-chain/ Leruth, L., Mazarei, A., Régibeau, P., & Renneboog, L. (2022). Green energy depends on critical minerals. Who controls the supply chains? https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4202218 Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Luan, Y., Yu, H., & Li, D. (2020). Research progress in preparation and purification of rare earth metals. Metals, 10(10), 1376. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/10/1376 Liu, S. L., Fan, H. R., Liu, X., Meng, J., Butcher, A. R., Yann, L., ... & Li, X. C. (2023). Global rare earth elements projects: New developments and supply chains. Ore Geology Reviews, 105428. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136823001439 Martin, A., & Iles, A. (2021). The ethics of rare earth elements over time and space. In Ethics of Chemistry: From Poison Gas to Climate Engineering (pp. 317-346). World Scientific. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789811233548_0012 Monteiro, B. M. V. F. (2023). Mining industry in developed countries and European strategy for the sector (Doctoral dissertation). Opare, E. O., Struhs, E., & Mirkouei, A. (2021). A comparative state-of-technology review and future directions for rare earth element separation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 143, 110917. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121002100 Patil, A. S., Patil, A. V., Dighavkar, C. G., Adole, V. A., & Tupe, U. J. (2022). Synthesis techniques and applications of rare earth metal oxide semiconductors: A review. Chemical Physics Letters, 796, 139555. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009261422002226 Yang, F. W. (2024). Rare Earth and Resource Nationalism: What Happened Before and After China’s Embargo on Japan?. Journal of Contemporary China, 1-18. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10670564.2024.2335547 Government and International Reports: Gielen, D., & Lyons, M. (2022). Critical materials for the energy transition: Rare earth elements. International Renewable Energy Agency. https://atf.asso.fr/media/technews/39/tnf39-prof3-irena-rare-earth-elements-2022.pdf Smith, B. J., Riddle, M. E., Earlam, M. R., Iloeje, C., & Diamond, D. (2022). Rare earth permanent magnets: supply chain deep dive assessment. USDOE Office of Policy (PO), Washington DC (United States). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1871577 de La Bruyere, E., & Picarsic, N. (2022). Supply chain resilience in an era of long-term, peacetime competition: The semiconductor case and a new framework for supply chain assessment. Acquisition Research Program. https://dair.nps.edu/handle/123456789/4556 Ferreira, G., & Critelli, J. (2022). China’s global monopoly on rare-earth elements. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 52(1), 57-72. https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters/vol52/iss1/6/ Grossman, A. B., Blevins, E. G., & Sutter, K. M. (2023, April 19). Semiconductors and the semiconductor industry. Congressional Research Service. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47508 Industry Reports and Market Analysis: SEMI. (2020). World Fab Forecast, November 2020. SEMI. Semiconductor Industry Association. (2024). Emerging Resilience in the Semiconductor Supply Chain. https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Emerging-Resilience-in-the-Semiconductor-Supply-Chain_SIA-Summary.pdf Cohen, J., Shirley, W., & Svensson, K. (2023, September 13). Resource realism: The geopolitics of critical mineral supply chains. Goldman Sachs. https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/resource-realism-the-geopolitics-of-critical-mineral-supply-chains Corporate Reports: Applied Materials. (2021). Annual report 2021. Applied Materials Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2023 Results. (2023, November 16). [Press release]. https://ir.appliedmaterials.com/news-releases/news-release-details/applied-materials-announces-fourth-quarter-and-fiscal-year-2023#:~:text=In%20fiscal%202023%2C%20Applied%20generated,and%20record%20EPS%20of%20%248.11%20. Applied Materials. (2024). Applied Materials Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2024 Results. https://ir.appliedmaterials.com/news-releases/news-release-details/applied-materials-announces-fourth-quarter-and-fiscal-year-2024 Intel. (2024, January 25). Intel’s Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2023. [Press release]. https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_44d2cb35213ed8f14e6417d685b1358e/intel/db/887/8982/infographic/intel-q4-2023-financial-and-business-report+final.pdf SMIC. (2024, March 28). SMIC Announces 2023 Annual Results. [Press release]. https://www.smics.com/en/site/news_read/7897 TSMC. (2022). TSMC 2022 Sustainability Report. TSMC 2023 Business Overview. (2024). https://investor.tsmc.com/sites/ir/annual-report/2023/2023_Business_Overview_E.pdf Tan, B., Thomas, A., Kumar, N., & Allmendinger, G. (2022). A Supply Chain Renaissance. Intel. Websites: Fernando, J. (2024, June 27). Supply chain management (SCM): How it works & why it's important. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/scm.asp Green, J. A. (2022, August 22). The collapse of American rare earth mining — and lessons learned. Defense News. https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2019/11/12/the-collapse-of-american-rare-earth-mining-and-lessons-learned/#:~:text=In%201952%2C%20Mountain%20Pass%20opened,however%2C%20the%20mine%20was%20defunct. Global Newswire. (2024, March 18). American Rare Earths’ scoping study confirms low-cost, scalable world-class REE project. Globe Newswire. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/03/18/2847709/0/en/American-Rare-Earths-Scoping-Study-confirms-low-cost-scalable-world-class-REE-project.html McKenzie, J. (2023, October 10). Powering the green economy: The quest for magnets without rare earths. Physicsworld. https://physicsworld.com/a/powering-the-green-economy-the-quest-for-magnets-without-rare-earths/ Middleton, C. (2024, January 25). 5 things you should know about high NA EUV lithography. ASML. https://www.asml.com/en/news/stories/2024/5-things-high-na-euv Pitron, G. (2022). The Geopolitics of the rare-metals race. The Washington Quarterly, 45(1), 135-150. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0163660X.2022.2059146 Turton, S. (2024, March 29). Australia doubles down on rare earths despite Chinese dominance. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Commodities/Australia-doubles-down-on-rare-earths-despite-Chinese-dominance Vaillant, T. (2024, November 14). Greenland’s Rare Earths Attract European and U.S. Interest, Signaling Potential Mining Boom. Pulitzer Center. https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/greenlands-rare-earths-attract-european-and-us-interest-signaling-potential-mining-boom 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
111926028資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926028 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 彭喜樞 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Peng, Shi-Shu en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 趙子孟 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Truman Paige en_US dc.creator (作者) 趙子孟 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Paige, Truman en_US dc.date (日期) 2025 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-三月-2025 15:33:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-三月-2025 15:33:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-三月-2025 15:33:50 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0111926028 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/156087 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111926028 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 稀土元素 (REE) 具有獨特的特性，可用於生產先進的數位設備，因此對於半導體產業至關重要。然而，由於嚴重依賴REE，半導體產業遇到了巨大的障礙，特別是考慮到中國在其供應中佔據主導地位。這種依賴性造成了全球供應鏈的脆弱性，可能導致地緣政治緊張、政策轉變以及可能嚴重影響半導體製造和全球技術進步的額外幹擾。 為了應對這些威脅，半導體產業的製造商和主要參與者正在研究多種方法來提高供應鏈的韌性。其中包括稀土REE來源多樣化、開發回收技術以及分配時間和精力研究替代材料。然而，這些措施往往受到高資本成本、環境考量和有限的可行替代方案的限制。策略儲備雖然是臨時解決方案，但無法解決供應鏈的根本脆弱性，凸顯了長期創新和多元化的必要性。 本論文透過評估與稀土依賴相關的經濟、地緣政治和環境危害，有助於學術界對半導體產業供應鏈韌性的理解。這項研究提供了對目前和未來能夠減輕這些危害並提高全球半導體生產穩定性的方法的了解。可行的建議包括供應來源多元化、投資替代材料以及推進回收技術。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential to the semiconductor industry due to the distinct characteristics that enable the production of advanced digital devices. The semiconductor industry, however, encounters substantial obstacles due to its heavy reliance on REEs, particularly given China's dominant role in their supply. This dependency creates vulnerabilities in the global supply chain, holding the possibility of geopolitical tensions, policy shifts, along with additional disturbances that might severely impact semiconductor manufacturing and global technological progress. As a reaction to these threats, manufacturers and key players in the semiconductor industry are investigating diverse approaches to improve supply chain resilience. These include diversifying sources of REEs, developing recycling technologies, and allocating time and effort towards studying alternative materials. However, these measures are often constrained by high capital costs, environmental considerations, and limited feasible alternatives. Strategic stockpiling, while a temporary solution, cannot address the fundamental delicacy of the supply chain, highlighting the necessity for long-term innovation and diversification. This thesis contributes to the academic understanding of supply chain resilience in the semiconductor industry by assessing the economic, geopolitical, and environmental hazards linked with REE dependency. This research provides an understanding of the current and future approaches that have the ability to mitigate these hazards and improve the stability of global semiconductor production. Actionable recommendations include diversifying supply sources, investing in alternative materials, and advancing recycling technologies. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Semiconductor Industry Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3Research Questions 2 1.4 Significance of the Study 3 1.5 Framework 4 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Rare Earth Elements and Their Role in Semiconductors 6 2.2 Global Semiconductor Industry Landscape 7 2.2.1 Global Market Metrics 7 2.2.2 Global Manufacturing Capacity and Regional Leaders 7 2.2.3 Global Trade and Top Exporters/Consumers 9 2.2.4 Industry Classifications 10 2.2.5 Trends in Technological Leadership 10 2.3 Supply Chain Management 11 2.3.1 Overview of Supply Chain Management in the Semiconductor Industry 11 2.3.2 Risks and Challenges 12 2.4 Environmental and Economic Challenges 14 2.5 Diversification and Resilience Strategies 16 2.6 Case Studies of Leading Semiconductor Companies 18 2.6.1 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 19 2.6.2 Intel 20 2.6.3 Applied Materials 21 2.6.4 Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation 22 3 METHODOLOGY 24 3.1 Research Design 24 3.2 Data Collection and Sources 25 3.3 Data Analysis 27 3.4 Limitations 28 4 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 30 4.1 Dependency on Rare Earth Elements 30 4.2 Supply Chain Vulnerabilities in the Semiconductor Industry 32 5 DISCUSSION 36 5.1 Implications for Industry Innovation and Competitiveness 36 5.2 Future Trends 37 5.3 Policy Recommendations 39 6 CONCLUSION 41 REFERENCE 42 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1046533 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926028 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 稀土元素 (REEs) zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 供應鏈韌性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 半導體產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關鍵資源 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球採購 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟依賴性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際貿易 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 採購策略 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 風險管理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 製造供應鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rare Earth Elements (REEs) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Supply Chain Resilience en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Semiconductor Industry en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Critical Resources en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Global Sourcing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Economic Dependency en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Trade en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Procurement Strategy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Risk Management en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manufacturing Supply Chains en_US dc.title (題名) 半導體產業的稀土元素依賴性和供應鏈韌性 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Rare Earth Element Dependence and Supply Chain Resilience of the Semiconductor Industry en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Academic Journals: Balaram, V. (2019). Rare earth elements: A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact. Geoscience Frontiers, 10(4), 1223–1634. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711930025 Bielawski, R. (2020). Rare earth elements–a novelty in energy security. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 21(4), 134-149. https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125452.pdf Filho, W. L., Kotter, R., Özuyar, P. G., Abubakar, I. R., Eustachio, J. H. P. P., & Matandirotya, N. R. (2023). Understanding rare earth elements as critical raw materials. Sustainability, 15(3), 1919. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/1919 Friday, D., Ryan, S., Melnyk, S. A., & Proulx, D. (2023). Supply chain deep uncertainties and risks: The ‘new normal’. In Supply Chain Risk and Disruption Management (pp. 51-72). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-2629-9_3 Fu, W., Jing, S., Liu, Q., & Zhang, H. (2023). Resilient supply chain framework for semiconductor distribution and an empirical study of demand risk inference. Sustainability, 15(9), 7382. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7382 Giese, E. C. (2022). Strategic minerals: Global challenges post-COVID-19. The Extractive Industries and Society, 12, 101113. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X22000788 Golloch, A. (Ed.). (2022). Handbook of rare earth elements: Analytics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8kR3EAAAQBAJ Jawadand, S., Godbole, P., Deshpande, K., Meshram, R., Dandekar, S., Dora, M. L., ... & Randive, K. (2022). Rare earth elements: Reshaping the global supply chain with urban mining. In Proceedings of Prospects and Challenges of Mineral Based Products and Utilization of Wastes for the Make in India Initiative (pp. 49-67). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3031-50262-0_3 Joshi, Y., Patil, K., & Bommakanti, K. (2023). Resilient rare earths: Pathways for the G20. Global Solutions Initiative. https://www.global-solutions-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/T20_PB_TF1_18_Resilient_Rare_Earths__Pathways.pdf Jowitt, S. M. (2022). Mineral economics of the rare-earth elements. MRS Bulletin, 47(3), 276-282. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-022-002893 Khan, S. M., Peterson, D., & Mann, A. (2021). The semiconductor supply chain. CSET Issue Brief. Center for Security and Emerging Technology. https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/the-semiconductor-supply-chain/ Leruth, L., Mazarei, A., Régibeau, P., & Renneboog, L. (2022). Green energy depends on critical minerals. Who controls the supply chains? https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4202218 Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Luan, Y., Yu, H., & Li, D. (2020). Research progress in preparation and purification of rare earth metals. Metals, 10(10), 1376. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/10/1376 Liu, S. L., Fan, H. R., Liu, X., Meng, J., Butcher, A. R., Yann, L., ... & Li, X. C. (2023). Global rare earth elements projects: New developments and supply chains. Ore Geology Reviews, 105428. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136823001439 Martin, A., & Iles, A. (2021). The ethics of rare earth elements over time and space. In Ethics of Chemistry: From Poison Gas to Climate Engineering (pp. 317-346). World Scientific. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789811233548_0012 Monteiro, B. M. V. F. (2023). Mining industry in developed countries and European strategy for the sector (Doctoral dissertation). Opare, E. O., Struhs, E., & Mirkouei, A. (2021). A comparative state-of-technology review and future directions for rare earth element separation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 143, 110917. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121002100 Patil, A. S., Patil, A. V., Dighavkar, C. G., Adole, V. A., & Tupe, U. J. (2022). 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