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題名 跨國援助, 都市失業與國家福利
作者 鮑世亨
貢獻者 林柏生
鮑世亨
關鍵詞 所得移轉
資本移轉
移轉矛盾
都市失業
貿易障礙
日期 2002
上傳時間 11-九月-2009 17:03:00 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文將嚐試利用一小國Harris-Todaro模型,探討所得與資本移轉所產生的就業效果,是否會導致移轉矛盾發生。
      在第2章,為了方便和後續各章結論比較,我們先由一個兩財兩要素且充分就業的經濟體系,探討所得與資本移轉在關稅、配額與自動出口限制三種貿易障礙下對受贈小國所產生之長短期福利效果。所得移轉在三種貿易障礙下均只會產生直接效果而無間接效果。但資本移轉則有可能產生間接效果,例如在關稅下會產生Johnson效果,在自動出口限制下會因可貿易財價格的變動而產生進口支出效果,但在配額下間接效果不會影響受贈國的福利。
      在第3章,我們將Harris-Todaro失業特徵放入模型中,在本章我們假設受贈國對進口財課徵關稅。在關稅下,所得與長期資本移轉的經濟效果與充分就業的情況一致,並無額外的間接效果。但在短期資本移轉下,則會多出就業效果。
     在第4章我們假設受贈國採取配額政策,或貿易伙伴國對其採取自動出口限制。在本章,無論所得與資本移轉均比充分就業的情況多就業此一間接效果。
      第5章則比第3章多一個非貿易財部門,其餘條件均與第3章同。我們想利用本章探討貿易財價格不變而非貿易財價格可變的情況下,跨國援助的經濟效果有何不同。在本章,跨國援助會因資本在部門間移動的差異,而有不同的間接效果。但總而言之,在本章下,可能發生的間接效果為Johnson、就業與非貿易部門效果此三種。
      第6章則為本文的總結。
參考文獻 Bhagwati, J. N., R. A. Brecher and T. Hatta (1983), “The
Generalized theory of transfers and welfare bilateral
transfers in a multilateral world,” American Economic Review,
73, 606-618.
Bhagwati, J. N., R. A. Brecher and T. Hatta (1985), “The
Generalized theory of transfers and welfare: exogenous (policy-
imposed) and endogenous (transfer- induced) distortions,”
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100, 697-714.
Brakman, S. and C. van Marrewijk (1998), The Economics of
International Transfers. Cambridge : Cambridge University
Press .
the transfer paradox in small countries.” American Economic
Review, 89, 431-449.
Brecher, R. and J. N. Bhagwati (1982), “Immiserizing transfers
from abroad,” Journal of International Economics, 13, 353-364.
Brecher, R. A. and C. F. Diaz Alejandro(1977), “Tariffs,
foreign capital and immiserizing growth,” Journal of
International Economics, 7, 317-322.
Chao, C. C. and E. S. H. Yu (1995),”The shadow price of
foreign capital and immiserizing growth,” Journal of
Development Economics, 46, 195-202.
Chao, C. C. and E. S. H. Yu (1999), “Foreign aid, the
environment and welfare,” Journal of Development
Economics ,59, 553-64.
Corden, W. M. and R. Findlay (1975), “Urban unemployment,
intersectoral capital mobility and development policy,”
Economica, 42, 59-75.
Dixit, A. and V. Norman (1980), The Theory of International
Trade: A Dual General Equilibrium Approach . Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press .
Edwards, S. and S. van Wijnbergen (1986), “The welfare effects
of trade and capital market liberalization,” International Economic Review, 27, 141-148.
Gandolfo, G. (1980) Economic Dynamics: Methods and Models,
2nd. Ed., North-Holland Publishing Company.
Harris, J. R. and M. P. Todaro (1970), “Migration,
unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis,”
American Economic Review, 60, 126-142.
Hatzipanayotou, P. and M. S. Michael (1995),” Foreign aid and
public goods,” Journal of Development Economics, 30, 455-67.
Johnson, H. G.. (1967) “The possibility of income losses form
increased efficiency or factor accumulation in the presence of
tariff,” Economic Journal, 77, 151-154.
Jones, R. W., 1975, Presumption and the transfer problem, Journal of International Economics, 5, 263-274.
Jones, R. W. and J. P. Neary (1984), “The positive theory of
international trade,” in R. W. Jones and P. B. Kenen, eds.,
Handbook of International Trade, Vol. 1 (North-Holland).
Kemp, M. and S. Kojima (1985), “Tied aid and the paradoxes of
donor-enrichment and recipient-impoverishment,” International
Economic Review 26, 721-729.
Khan, M. Ali (1982), “Social opportunity costs and
immiserizing growth: Some observations on the long run versus
the short,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103, 353-362.
Keynes, M. (1929), “The German transfer problem,” Economic
Journal, 39, 1-7.
Lahiri, S. and Y. Ono (1994), “Industrial policy and national
welfare in the presence of monopoly,” Japan and the World Economy, 6, 61-73.
Lahiri, S. and P. Raimondos (1995), “Welfare effects of aid
under quantitative trade restriction,” Journal of
International Economics, 39, 297-315.
Lahiri, S. and P. Raimondos (1997), “On the tying of aid to
tariff reform,” Journal of Development Economics, 54, 479-91
Lal, A. K. (1995), “Increasing returns, urban unemployment and
international capital mobility: A trade policy analysis,”
Journal of Development Economics, 46, 181-193
Magee, S. P. (1976), International Trade and Distortions in
Factor Markets, New York:M. Dekker, 1976.
Michael, S. M. and C. van Marrewijk (1998), “Tied to capital
or untied foreign aid ?” Review of Development Economics, 2,
61-75.
Neary, P. (1978), “Dynamic stability and the theory of factor-
market distortions,” The American Economic Review, 68, 671-
682.
Neary, P. (1981), “On the Harris-Todaro model with
intersectoral capital mobility,” Economica, 48, 219-234.
Neary, P. (1988), “Tariffs, quotas, and voluntary export
restraints with and without internationally mobile capital,”
Canadian Journal of Economics, 21, 714- 735.
Ohyama, M. (1974), “Tariffs and the transfer problem,” Keio
Economic Studies, 11, 29-45
Ohlin, B. (1929), “The reparation problem: A discussion,”
Economic Journal, 39, 172-78..
Polemarchakis, H., (1983), “On the transfer paradox,”
International Economic Review, 24, 749-60
Samuelson, P.(1952), “The transfer problem and transport cost:
The terms of trade when trade impediments are absent,”
Economic Journal, 62, 278-304.
Schweinberger, A.. G.(1990), “On the welfare effects of tied
aid,” International Economic Review, 31, 457-62.
Schweinberger, A. G. (2002) “Foreign aid, tariffs and
nontraded private or public goods,” Journal of Development
Economics, 69, 255-275.
Takarada, Y. (1999), “Tied aid with public goods and nontraded
goods,” Osaka Economic Papers ,49(1), 82-93.
Turunen-Red, A, H. and A. D. Woodland (1988), “ On the
multilateral transfer problem: Exsitence of Pareto improving
international transfers,” Journal of International Economic,
25, 249-269.
van Wijnbergen, S. (1986), “Macroeconomic aspects of the
effectiveness of foreign aid:the two-gap model, home goods
disequilibrium and real exchange rate misalignment,” Journal
of International Economics, 21, 123-36.
Yano, M and J. B. Nugent (1999), “Aid, non-traded goods and
描述 博士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
83351502
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0083351502
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林柏生zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 鮑世亨zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 鮑世亨zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-九月-2009 17:03:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-九月-2009 17:03:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-九月-2009 17:03:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0083351502en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30006-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 83351502zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文將嚐試利用一小國Harris-Todaro模型,探討所得與資本移轉所產生的就業效果,是否會導致移轉矛盾發生。
      在第2章,為了方便和後續各章結論比較,我們先由一個兩財兩要素且充分就業的經濟體系,探討所得與資本移轉在關稅、配額與自動出口限制三種貿易障礙下對受贈小國所產生之長短期福利效果。所得移轉在三種貿易障礙下均只會產生直接效果而無間接效果。但資本移轉則有可能產生間接效果,例如在關稅下會產生Johnson效果,在自動出口限制下會因可貿易財價格的變動而產生進口支出效果,但在配額下間接效果不會影響受贈國的福利。
      在第3章,我們將Harris-Todaro失業特徵放入模型中,在本章我們假設受贈國對進口財課徵關稅。在關稅下,所得與長期資本移轉的經濟效果與充分就業的情況一致,並無額外的間接效果。但在短期資本移轉下,則會多出就業效果。
     在第4章我們假設受贈國採取配額政策,或貿易伙伴國對其採取自動出口限制。在本章,無論所得與資本移轉均比充分就業的情況多就業此一間接效果。
      第5章則比第3章多一個非貿易財部門,其餘條件均與第3章同。我們想利用本章探討貿易財價格不變而非貿易財價格可變的情況下,跨國援助的經濟效果有何不同。在本章,跨國援助會因資本在部門間移動的差異,而有不同的間接效果。但總而言之,在本章下,可能發生的間接效果為Johnson、就業與非貿易部門效果此三種。
      第6章則為本文的總結。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
     
     目錄 ……………………………………………………………………….. 1
     1. 緒論 ……………………………………………………………………. 4
      1. 1. 前言 ………………………………………………………………. 4
     1. 2. 本論文目的與分析架構 …………………………………………. 7
     
     2. 貿易障礙下跨國援助的經濟效果 ………………………………… 10
     2. 1. 前言 ………………………………………………………………10
     2. 2. 模型 ………………………………………………………………11
     2. 2. 1. 短期效果(資本是不能在部門間移動的特定要素) ……… 13
     2. 2. 2. 長期效果(資本是可在部門間移動的一般要素) ……………18
     表2-1:跨國援助對受贈小國之福利的影響 ………………….…21
     2. 3. 本章結論 …………………………………………………………. 21
     
     3. 關稅、都市失業與跨國援助 ……………………………………… 23
     3. 1. 前言 ……………………………………………………………. 23
     3. 2. 模型 ……………………………………………………………. 24
     3. 2. 1. 短期效果 …………………………………………………….. 27
     3.2.1.1 所得移轉 ………………………………………………….. 31
     3.2.1.2 資本移轉 ………………………………………………….. 32
     3. 2. 2. 長期效果 ……………………………………………….…… 33
     3.2.2.1 所得移轉 ………………………………………………….. 35
     3.2.2.2 資本移轉 ………………………………………………….. 36
     表3-1:跨國援助對受贈小國之福利的影響 ……………….… 38
     3. 3. 本章結論 ……………………………………………………….…. 39
     數學附錄 ………………………………………………………………….. 40
     
     4. 數量貿易限制、都市失業與跨國援助 …………………………………43
     4. 1. 前言 ………………………………………………………………. 43
     4. 2. 模型 ………………………………………………………………. 44
     4. 2. 1. 短期效果 ……………………………………………………. 44
     4.2.1.1 所得移轉 …………………………………………………. 46
     4.2.1.2 資本移轉 …………………………………………………. 47
     4. 2. 2. 長期效果 ……………………………………………………. 51
     4.2.2.1 所得移轉 …………………………………………………. 52
     4.2.2.2 資本移轉 …………………………………………………. 53
     表4-1. 所得移轉對受贈小國所產生的經濟效果 ……………. 56
     表4-2. 資本移轉對受贈小國所產生的經濟效果 ……………. 56
     4. 3. 本章結論 …………………………………………………………. 57
     數學附錄1 ………………………………………………………………… 58
     數學附錄2 ………………………………………………………………… 59
     
     5. 非貿易財、關稅、都市失業與跨國援助 …………………………….. 62
     5. 1. 本章前言 …………………………………………………………. 62
     5. 2. 模型 ………………………………………………………………. 63
     5. 2. 1. 短期效果 ……………………………………………………. 66
     5. 2. 2. 中期效果 ……………………………………………………. 71
     5. 2. 3. 長期效果 ……………………………………………………. 76
     表 5-1:所得移轉對受贈國所產生的經濟效果 ……………….. 78
     表 5-2:資本移轉對受贈國所產生的短期經濟效果 ………….. 78
     表 5-3: 資本移轉對受贈國所產生的中期經濟效果 ………… 79
     5. 3. 本章結論 …………………………………………………………. 79
     
     6. 總結 …………………………………………………………………… 82
     
     參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………… 85
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0083351502en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 所得移轉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資本移轉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移轉矛盾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 都市失業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貿易障礙zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 跨國援助, 都市失業與國家福利zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhagwati, J. N., R. A. Brecher and T. Hatta (1983), “Thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Generalized theory of transfers and welfare bilateralzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) transfers in a multilateral world,” American Economic Review,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 73, 606-618.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhagwati, J. N., R. A. Brecher and T. Hatta (1985), “Thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Generalized theory of transfers and welfare: exogenous (policy-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) imposed) and endogenous (transfer- induced) distortions,”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100, 697-714.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brakman, S. and C. van Marrewijk (1998), The Economics ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Transfers. Cambridge : Cambridge Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Press .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) the transfer paradox in small countries.” American Economiczh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Review, 89, 431-449.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brecher, R. and J. N. Bhagwati (1982), “Immiserizing transferszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) from abroad,” Journal of International Economics, 13, 353-364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brecher, R. A. and C. F. Diaz Alejandro(1977), “Tariffs,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) foreign capital and immiserizing growth,” Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Economics, 7, 317-322.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chao, C. C. and E. S. H. Yu (1995),”The shadow price ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) foreign capital and immiserizing growth,” Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Development Economics, 46, 195-202.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chao, C. C. and E. S. H. Yu (1999), “Foreign aid, thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) environment and welfare,” Journal of Developmentzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Economics ,59, 553-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Corden, W. M. and R. Findlay (1975), “Urban unemployment,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) intersectoral capital mobility and development policy,”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Economica, 42, 59-75.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dixit, A. and V. Norman (1980), The Theory of Internationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Trade: A Dual General Equilibrium Approach . Cambridge :zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cambridge University Press .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, S. and S. van Wijnbergen (1986), “The welfare effectszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of trade and capital market liberalization,” International Economic Review, 27, 141-148.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gandolfo, G. (1980) Economic Dynamics: Methods and Models,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2nd. Ed., North-Holland Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harris, J. R. and M. P. Todaro (1970), “Migration,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis,”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) American Economic Review, 60, 126-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hatzipanayotou, P. and M. S. Michael (1995),” Foreign aid andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) public goods,” Journal of Development Economics, 30, 455-67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, H. G.. (1967) “The possibility of income losses formzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) increased efficiency or factor accumulation in the presence ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) tariff,” Economic Journal, 77, 151-154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jones, R. W., 1975, Presumption and the transfer problem, Journal of International Economics, 5, 263-274.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jones, R. W. and J. P. Neary (1984), “The positive theory ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) international trade,” in R. W. Jones and P. B. Kenen, eds.,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Handbook of International Trade, Vol. 1 (North-Holland).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kemp, M. and S. Kojima (1985), “Tied aid and the paradoxes ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) donor-enrichment and recipient-impoverishment,” Internationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Economic Review 26, 721-729.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Khan, M. Ali (1982), “Social opportunity costs andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) immiserizing growth: Some observations on the long run versuszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) the short,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103, 353-362.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keynes, M. (1929), “The German transfer problem,” Economiczh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal, 39, 1-7.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lahiri, S. and Y. Ono (1994), “Industrial policy and nationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) welfare in the presence of monopoly,” Japan and the World Economy, 6, 61-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lahiri, S. and P. Raimondos (1995), “Welfare effects of aidzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) under quantitative trade restriction,” Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Economics, 39, 297-315.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lahiri, S. and P. Raimondos (1997), “On the tying of aid tozh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) tariff reform,” Journal of Development Economics, 54, 479-91zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lal, A. K. (1995), “Increasing returns, urban unemployment andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) international capital mobility: A trade policy analysis,”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal of Development Economics, 46, 181-193zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Magee, S. P. (1976), International Trade and Distortions inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Factor Markets, New York:M. Dekker, 1976.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Michael, S. M. and C. van Marrewijk (1998), “Tied to capitalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) or untied foreign aid ?” Review of Development Economics, 2,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 61-75.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neary, P. (1978), “Dynamic stability and the theory of factor-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) market distortions,” The American Economic Review, 68, 671-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 682.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neary, P. (1981), “On the Harris-Todaro model withzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) intersectoral capital mobility,” Economica, 48, 219-234.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neary, P. (1988), “Tariffs, quotas, and voluntary exportzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) restraints with and without internationally mobile capital,”zh_TW
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