| dc.contributor.advisor | 楊光華 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 姜璿 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | 姜璿 | zh_TW |
| dc.date (日期) | 2007 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 11-Sep-2009 17:07:57 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 11-Sep-2009 17:07:57 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 11-Sep-2009 17:07:57 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0094351039 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30050 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國際經營與貿易研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94351039 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 96 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 公共健康與藥品專利之間的衝突與調和，一直是世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization，以下簡稱WTO）各會員國所關注的焦點；儘管全球經濟發展迅速，但多數低度開發及開發中國家，卻因為無法獲得足夠且平價的醫療資源及藥品，而有大量人口死於可治療之疾病，人類最基本的健康權在該些國家境內仍無法獲得基本的保護；故WTO 在2001、2003及2005年分別通過數個宣言及決議，試圖透過該些決議，來解決該些國家境內日益嚴重的公共健康問題，並試圖調和藥品專利保護與公共衛生間的衝突。然而，該些決議仍必須透過各國修正內國法律來加以實踐，故本文以加拿大和印度之內國法修正為例，分析後發現該些國家修正專利相關法規後所建立之學名藥品出口機制對於解決上述公衛問題之效果其實相當有限，再加上始終對強制授權機制持反對意見的美國，透過其於國際社會強大之影響力，進一步的阻礙了各國的實踐，故WTO允許透過強制授權出口平價學名藥品至不具製藥能力國家之機制，對於落後國家之實際影響，仍有待未來進一步的觀察。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論..........1 第一節 研究動機及目的..........1 第二節 研究架構..........3 第二章 WTO架構下醫藥專利強制授權之發展.........4 第一節 藥品專利與公共衛生間之衝突..........4 第二節 「TRIPS協定與公共衛生宣言」..........6 第三節 WTO「執行TRIPS協定與公共衛生宣言第六段之決議」..........9 第四節 TRIPS協定修正草案...........12 第三章 因應第六段執行決議之內國法律修正—以加拿大、印度為例......13 第一節 加拿大..........15 第一項 加拿大專利及專利強制授權制度簡介..........15 第二項 加拿大專利及食品藥物法修正法案..........15 一、明確列舉可供強制授權之藥品清單..........18 二、適用範圍及於非WTO會員之國家但不及於非政府組織..........19 三、針對協商時間設限以加速並確保強制授權之授予...........22 四、「以合理商業條件協商不成」要件之適用..........24 五、明確訂定補償金之計算標準...........25 第三項 小結...........25 第二節 印度...........26 第一項 印度專利及專利強制授權制度簡介..........26 第二項 2004年專利法修正條例下之強制授權制度........28 一、申請人須於藥品受專利保護滿三年後方可提出申請.........29 二、進口國必須先行於國內獲得強制授權許可..........29 三、並未限制可供強制授權之藥品..........30 第三項 2005年專利法修正法案通過後之重要改變..........30 一、「進口國須先於國內獲得強制授權許可」要件之改變..........30 二、定義「合理協商期間」通常不得超過六個月..........31 第四項 小結...........32 第三節 印度與加拿大強制授權機制之主要差異...........34 第一項 藥品範圍限制之有無..........34 第二項 申請時點限制之有無..........35 第三項 進口國資格限制之有無..........35 第四項 補償金計算標準之有無..........35 第五項 「以合理商業條件協商不成」要件之適用..........36 第四章 未因應第六段執行決議進行修法之國家—以美國為例..........37 第一節 美國專利及專利強制授權制度簡介..........37 第二節 美國對於國際間強制授權案例之態度..........38 第一項 南非強制授權案..........39 第二項 巴西強制授權案..........40 第三節 美國對於公衛宣言及第六段執行決議之立場..........42 第四節 美國專利法之修正草案..........45 第五節 小結...........49 第五章 結論...........50 | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094351039 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 強制授權 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 學名藥 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 藥品專利 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | TRIPS | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | WTO架構下為解決國際公共衛生危機之強制授權制度研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
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