dc.contributor.advisor | 劉梅君 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | 黃秋雯 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | 黃秋雯 | zh_TW |
dc.date (日期) | 2005 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 14-九月-2009 13:16:46 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 14-九月-2009 13:16:46 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 14-九月-2009 13:16:46 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) | G0922620261 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32165 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 勞工研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 92262026 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 94 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 隨著女性勞動參與率的逐年提高,改變了傳統「男主外,女主內」的性別分工模式,但我國的職場並未調整為對女性-尤其是哺乳期婦女-友善的工作環境。在國際研究發現母乳的好處後,世界各地皆致力於提高哺乳率,我國也自1992年開始推廣母乳哺育計劃,但成效有限,尤其是產假結束後回到職場的哺乳率一直無法與其他國家相比。分析影響哺乳率低落的因素有母親個人因素、就業的關係、家人的支持、政策…等等,而本論文乃研究職業婦女的就業對其哺乳持續的影響。再者,我國的企業規模多屬中小企業,約有七成左右的勞工任職於中小企業,故中小企業的職場環境對女性勞工哺乳的影響更值得我們探討。 本論文之研究方法除採用文獻分析法外,尚利用深度訪談法,透過研究者自身網絡及母乳哺餵相關網站尋找合適的對象予以訪談,冀了解職業婦女在職場哺乳時的經驗及困境。而由本研究調查發現,女性員工不敢在職場光明正大的哺乳,乃因在職場進行哺乳的行為,存有佔用工作時間及影響工作績效等二種迷思;此外,職業婦女面臨幾個困境:哺乳室缺乏的空間問題、企業的競爭壓力導致哺乳時間難求、工作性質與行業別的不利差異、缺乏主管及同事的支持網絡、職場性騷擾及就業歧視情況。其中又以主管/企業主的態度,對職業婦女的持續哺乳佔最重要的影響因素。 我國職業婦女所遇到的哺乳困境,其他國家仍然存在,但不論是國際公約規範對職業婦女的哺乳保障,或是國際母乳哺餵行動聯盟(WABA)皆致力消除職場哺乳的困境,北歐國家施行的延長產後休假期間,或是美國研究的職場哺乳計劃(CLP),其提高哺乳率成效是有目共賭,因此提供我國政府及企業借鏡,值得我們學習效法。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | In Taiwan, female labour force participates increasingly in great members. Peculiarities of this labour force have to be borne in mind. Until now, pregnancy and lactation have always been regarded as the task of woman, thus all working mothers must often choose between breastfeeding and work. There are 70% of labours working in small and medium enterprises, in which most women working. Therefore, this study focuses on small-to-medium enterprises to see how breastfeeding is regarded and treated. As we know, breastfeeding has been a national major health policy for years in Taiwan. But the breastfeeding rates after maternity leave decline quickly and the rate lagged for behind world standard. This study aims at the conflicts encountered by employed breastfeeding mothers in the workplace. A phenomenological method was conducted. A purposive sample of 12 employed breastfeeding mothers from diverse working places and from various channels were invited to participate in the study. The results of this study are as follows. People have two myths against breastfeeding in the workplace, such as occupied working time and declined working efficiency. And the main conflicts involve lack of lactation space, nursing break hard to find due to heavy work hard, the industry’s character, the rejection from manager or boss, employment discrimination and sexual harassment. The most important obstacle against working mother’s breastfeeding is the attitude of manager or boss. Reflections and policy suggestions are discussed in response to the research results. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 研究背景--------------------------------------------1 第一節 問題意識------------------------------------------3 第二節 我國女性參與勞動與婚育之關聯-------------------------6 第三節 哺乳議題浮上抬面-----------------------------------12 壹、哺乳的重要性------------------------------------------12 貳、就業,哺乳的殺手!-------------------------------------14 第四節 研究目的------------------------------------------15 第五節 研究方法------------------------------------------16 第二章 從兩性工作平等權看我國哺乳權------------------------19 第一節 兩性工作平等權-------------------------------------19 壹、工作權-----------------------------------------------19 貳、平等權-----------------------------------------------21 參、母性機能之保護與兩性工作平等權--------------------------21 第二節 職業婦女的哺乳保障相關規範--------------------------23 壹、國際基準---------------------------------------------23 貳、我國現行狀況及疑慮------------------------------------26 第三節 小結---------------------------------------------34 第三章 職業媽媽,妳為何不哺乳?----------------------------35 第一節 母職天生的哺乳迷思---------------------------------36 壹、母職 = 天職? ---------------------------------------36 貳、哺乳是天生的嗎? --------------------------------------37 參、不哺乳的媽媽是壞媽媽?----------------------------------38 第二節 擺盪於家庭與工作之間的職業婦女-----------------------39 第三節 職業婦女的哺乳母職實踐------------------------------42 壹、哺乳與擠乳的準備--------------------------------------42 貳、職場環境---------------------------------------------43 參、職業類別或工作性質------------------------------------45 肆、國家政策---------------------------------------------46 伍、勞資雙方的法令知識及態度-------------------------------48 第四節 建立對媽媽友善的哺乳職場----------------------------49 壹、推廣母乳哺育運動的團體---------------------------------49 貳、建立哺乳親善職場--------------------------------------51 參、美國推廣職場擠乳計劃-----------------------------------52 第五節 小結----------------------------------------------55 第四章 我國中小企業的哺乳困境------------------------------56 第一節 職場哺乳的迷思-------------------------------------56 壹、佔用工作時間?-----------------------------------------57 貳、影響工作績效?-----------------------------------------59 第二節 職場哺乳的困境-------------------------------------60 壹、空間-哺乳室的缺乏--------------------------------------61 貳、時間-競爭的職場壓力------------------------------------64 參、工作性質與行業別---------------------------------------67 肆、缺乏支持網絡-------------------------------------------68 伍、職場性騷擾及就業歧視------------------------------------72 陸、哺乳媽媽的因應措施--------------------------------------73 第三節 小結----------------------------------------------76 第五章 結論與建議-----------------------------------------77 第一節 研究檢討--------------------------------------------78 壹、女性人力資源的開發--------------------------------------78 貳、哺乳空間-----------------------------------------------78 參、哺乳時間-----------------------------------------------79 肆、勞資雙方的勞動知識及態度---------------------------------80 第二節 研究建議--------------------------------------------81 壹、國家--------------------------------------------------82 貳、企業--------------------------------------------------84 第三節 結論-----------------------------------------------85 附錄一 各國產假期間一覽表----------------------------------86 參考資料--------------------------------------------------88 | zh_TW |
dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922620261 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 哺乳 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 職業婦女 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 女性就業 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 職場哺乳計劃 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 職場哺乳困境 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 職場哺乳迷思 | zh_TW |
dc.title (題名) | 誰來哺育?─中小企業職業婦女哺乳困境 | zh_TW |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 壹、網站資料 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | WABA 中文網站http://www3.vghtc.gov.tw:8082/ped/family/breast/breast-feeding.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中華民國寶貝花園母乳推廣協會http://www.babysgarden.org/main.php; | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 內政部戶政司 http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 主計處 性別統計指標 http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=12934&ctNode=3246 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 台中榮民總醫院兒童醫學部網站母乳哺育專區http://www.bfvghtc.org/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 台灣母乳協會http://www.breastfeeding.org.tw/; | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 台灣罔市女性電子報http://forum.yam.org.tw/bongchhi/index.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 行政院主計處92年婦女婚育與就業調查分析 http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=11661&CtNode=3304 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 行政院主計處94年人力運用調查分析 http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=8895&ctNode=3299 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 勞委會九十四年十二月女性僱用管理調查 http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy94/9411menu.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kurinij, N., et al., (1989). Does maternal employment affect breastfeeding? American Journal of Public Health, 79(9):p.1247-1250. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lakati, A., Binns, C., & Stevenson, M. (2002). Breast-feeding and the working mother in Nairobi. Public Health Nutrition, 5(6), 715-8 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Laura Duberstein Lindberg(1996),Women`s Decisions about Breastfeeding and Maternal Employment (in Of General Interest),Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 58, No. 1., pp. 239-251. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lawrence D Hammer, Susan Bryson, W Stewart Agras.(1999), Development of feeding practices during the first 5 years of life. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. Chicago: Feb 1999. Vol. 153, Iss. 2; p. 189 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lincoln, B. C.(2000), Career and family:a qualitative study of working mothers.Dissertation Abstracts International,61(03),1241A. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lindberg, LD. (1997), Trends in the relationships between breastfeeding and postpartum employment in the United States. Soc Biol.;43:197-202 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Niles Newton (1971) Psychologic differences between breast and bottle feeding Am J Clin Nutr 24: 993-1004. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Penny Van Esterik; Ted Greiner(Apr., 1981),Breastfeeding and Women`s Work: Constraints and Opportunities ,Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 12, No. 4, Breastfeeding: Program, Policy, and Research Issues. ,pp. 184-197. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Piper, S., & Parks, P.L. (1996). Predicting the duration of lactation: Evidence from a National Survery. Birth Issues in Perinatal Care, 23(1), 7-12. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ruowei Li, Zhen Zhao, Ali Mokdad, Lawrence Barker, Laurence Grummer-Strawn. ( 2003),Prevalence of breastfeeding in the Unites States: The 2001 National Immunization Survey,Pediatrics. Evanston:.Vol.111, Iss. 5; pg. 1198, 4 pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 衛生署網站http://www.doh.gov.tw | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sara B Fein, Brian Roe. (1998),he effect of work status on initiation and duration of breast-feeding,American Journal of Public Health. Washington:.Vol.88, Iss. 7; pg. 1042, 5 pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sara Millman (1986) ,Trends in Breastfeeding In a Dozen Developing Countries ,International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 3., pp. 91-95. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Scheibl,F. & Dex,S. (1998) Should we have more family-friendly policies? European Management Journal, Vol.17, No.1, p.31-35. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sears, Martha R.N. & Sears, William M.D. (2000) The Breastfeeding Book. USA: L.B. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schiller,B.R., (1983) Small Business Training:A Negative-Sum Game. Challenge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tyson, Ann Scott,(1998), CONGRESS LOOKS AT BREAST-FEEDING AND THE WORKPLACE Christian Science Monitor , Vol. 90, Issue 86 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yimyam, S, Morrow, M, (1999), Breastfeeding practices among employed Thai women in Chiang Mai. Journal of Human Lacation,1999.15(3):p.225-232 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yimyam,S.,Morrow,M.,Srisuphan,W(1999), .Role conflict and rapid socioeconomic change: breastfeeding among employed women in Thailand. Social Science & Medicine,1999.49(7):p.957-65 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zetterstrom,R.,(1999), Breastfeeding and infant-mother interaction. Acta Paediatrica. Supplement.,.88(430):p.1-6 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 網路新聞: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 擠母奶導致媽媽手,連寫字都沒力氣http://tw.news.yahoo.com/050824/4/27uk4.html | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 想 要餵母乳只能躲廁所 觀念環境都要改善http://times.hinet.net/news/20050909/recreation/8257b74d3d02.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Breastfeeding in the Workplace http://my.webmd.com/content/Article/87/99614.htm?pagenumber=2 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | http://www.irishhealth.com/?level=4&id=8544 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 貳、中文 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 丁志音,「無可取代的天然瓊漿:為何它的供應會成為社會議題?」 健康促進通訊,16,2001,頁3-4。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 丁綺文,「母親的心理準備及支持」, 中華民國小兒科醫學會雜誌,32(4),1991,頁34-38。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中華民國母乳會,「愛的開始:母乳會會訊」,國際母乳會中華民國總會,1996。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王如玄,「女人六法」,財團法人婦女權益促進發展基金會,1999.7, P.587。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王惠玲,「社會基本權與憲法上工作權之保障」,刊載於勞動學報第一期,政大勞工所,1988。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王麗容,「中美因應婦女就業的企業內家庭政策」,美國婦女與社會研討會論文集,1991,頁207-312。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王麗容,「婦女與社會政策」,台北市:巨流,1995。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王麗容,「促進婦女就業中長期計畫」,勞委會職訓局委託研究,2005。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳嘉麗,「現代社會與婦女權益」,台北縣:國立空中大學用書,民87。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 呂玉瑕,「現代婦女之角色態度的價值延伸現象」,思與言,20(2),1982,135-150。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李惠貞,「持續哺餵母乳的母職空間經驗」,國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文,2003。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 沈美娜,「從女性勞動保護至兩性工作平權理念之達成」,文化大學勞工研究所碩士論文,2002。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林宜諄,「台灣企業最需要的獎」,刊載於遠見雜誌,2005.6。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 洪榮正,「職業婦女親職壓力與因應方式之研究」,國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文,2004。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 唐文慧、楊佳羚,「瑞典育嬰休假制度之研究:共同照顧的價值」,刊載於勞動學報第十九期,政大勞工所,2006。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 徐心怡,「女性工作者對企業內家庭親善政策需求之研究:工作-家庭衝突觀點」,國立中正大學勞工研究所碩士論文,2001。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高長,「就業間斷對已婚婦女工資報酬的影響」,台灣經濟學會年會論文集,1997,頁93-120。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張瀞文,「女性的母職:社會學觀點的批判分析」,社教雙月刊,77,1997,20-25。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 莊雪芳,「台中市母親母職角色信念與教養方式之相關研究」,國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文,2004。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 許慶雄,「社會權論」,台北市:眾文圖書,1992 。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭家祺,「兩性工作平等法制之研究-兼論我國兩性工作不平等的原因」,私立輔仁大學法律學研究所碩士論文,台北縣,民1997。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭玲惠,「兩性工作平等法面面觀-性別歧視之禁止與促進就業措施」,律師雜誌,第271期,2002,頁28-39。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳怡君,「哺乳親善職場對婦女母乳哺育行為之影響」,國立台灣大學衛生政策與管理研究所博士論文,2004.7。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳昱儒,「工作與家庭:女性生活場域中的成就觀」,國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,1995。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳淑娟,「比較職業婦女與家庭主婦的哺餵型態、知識、態度及其相關因素」,國立台北護理學院護理研究所碩士論文,2004。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳皎眉,「婦女的日常生活需求、支持系統與家庭及婚姻滿意的關係」。載於伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編,台灣社會現象的分析,中央研究院三民主義研究所叢刊,25,1989, 頁 153-179。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳惠馨,「兩性平等工作權之理論基礎」,刊載於政大法學評論第51期,1982,頁136-145。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃仁德、徐育珠,「婦女人力資源之開發與運用」,勞委會委託研究計畫,2000。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃越欽,「勞動法新論」,台北市:翰蘆圖書出版有限公司,2001,二版。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 溫明麗,「性別議題導論」,臺北市 : 高等教育出版 : 知識達圖書總經銷,2003。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊秋鈴,「職業婦女哺餵母乳之經驗」,高雄醫學大學護理學研究所碩士論文,2003 。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 熊秉真,「幼幼:傳統中國的襁褓之道」,臺北市 :聯經出版社,民84,p.110。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉梅君,「女性人力資源開發與國家政策」,刊載於勞動學報第五期,1996,p89-108。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉梅君,「性別與勞動」,性屬關係(上):性別與社會、建構,台北市:心理出板社,1999,頁255-303。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉梅君,「「兩性工作平等法」與「女性保護」之關聯-淺談「育嬰假」、「家庭照顧假」等「促進工作平等」措施的立法理由」,律師雜誌,第242期,1999,頁34-41。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉梅君,「「兩性工作平等法」與「母性保護」─立法之意義、釋疑及理論淺談 」,律師雜誌,第271期,2002,頁13-27。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭琇惠,「哺乳技術網絡、規訓、與性別工作-台灣母奶哺餵網絡中的多重權力關係」,高雄醫學大學性別研究所碩士論文,2004。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝珊芸,「中小企業管理模式與勞資關係之探討:以製造業為例」,政治大學勞工研究所碩士論文,2004。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝國雄,「純勞動:台灣勞動體制諸論」,台北:中央研究院社會學研究所籌備處,1997。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 簡媜,「紅嬰仔」,臺北市 : 聯合文學 臺北縣汐止鎮:聯經總經銷,1999,初版。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鍾淑珍,「系統性護理指導對母親哺乳知識、態度及哺乳率影響之探討」,國立台灣大學醫學院護理研究所碩士論文,2003。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 蘇芊玲,「我的母職實踐」,臺北市 : 女書文化出版 臺北縣中和市 : 吳氏總經銷,民87,初版。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chodorow, Nancy J.著,張君玫譯,「母職的再生產:心理分析與性別社會學」,台北市:群學, 2003,一版。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Foucault, Michel著,劉北成、楊遠嬰譯,「規訓與懲罰-監獄的誕生」,桂冠,1998。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer著,薛 絢譯,「母性-解開母親.嬰兒與天擇之間的歷史糾葛」,新手父母出版,城邦文化發行,農學總經銷,2004。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Patricia Voydanoff著 張惠芬,郭妙雪譯,「工作與家庭」,臺北市,揚智文化,1998。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roger Blanpain著,劉黃麗娟 譯,「歐洲勞動法與勞資關係」,中華民國勞資關係協進會,初版,1999.4。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Weisman, Leslie Kanes著,王志宏、張淑玫、魏慶嘉譯,「設計的歧視:『男造』環境的女性主義批判」,台北:巨流,1997。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 參、英文 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | American Academy of Pediatrics. (1997). Breast feeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 100, 1035-1039. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bachu, A., & O`Connell, M. (2001). Fertility of American women: june 2000. Current Population Reports, P20543RV. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ball, T.M. and Bennett,D.M.(2001) The economic impact of breastfeeding. Pediatric Clinics of North Amercian,.48(1):p.253-62. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barbara L Philipp, Anne Merewood, Susan O`Brien.(2001) Physicians and breastfeeding promotion in the United States: A call for action, Pediatrics. Evanston: Mar .Vol.107, Iss. 3; pg. 584-9 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bartlett, Alison (2003) , Breastfeeding bodies and choice in late capitalism. Hecate 129(2):153-165 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Blum, Linda M. (1993) Mothers, babies, and breastfeeding in late capitalist America: the shifting contexts of feminist theory. Feminist Studies 19(2):290-311. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Blum.,L.M.,(1999) To Educate and Persuade At the Breast. Beacon Press:Boston,.p.108-146 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brian Roe, Leslie A. Whittington, Sara Beck Fein, Mario F.Teisl, (1999) ,Is there competition between breastfeeding and maternal employment? Demography, Vol.36,No.2,157-171 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Britton, Cathryn (1998), “Feeling letdown”: an exploration of an embodied sensation associated with breastfeeding. In Nettleton, S. & Watson, J.(eds), The body in Everyday Life(64-81). London:Routledge | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Carter, P.(1995), The great breast-feeding question, in Feminism, breasts and breast-feeding. Macmillan Press LTD: New York ,. p.1-2. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Carter, P., .(1995) Infant feeding in women``s lives, in Feminism, breasts and beast-feeding. Macmillan Press LTD: New York,.p.71-105. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Crosbie, John. , Kelly, & Glenn. (1994). Effects of imposed postfeedback delays in programmed instruction. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27(3), 483-491. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cynthia M Visness, Kathy I Kennedy.(1997) Maternal employment and breast-feeding: Findings from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | American Journal of Public Health. Washington:.卷期87, Iss. 6; pg. 945, 6 pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dan Markiewicz(2003),Breast milk & working women,ISHN. Troy: Feb 2003.Vol.37, Iss. 2; pg.18, 2pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dinnerstein, Leonard. (1977). The Americanization of the synangogue. .American Historical Review, 82(1), 1820-1870. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dodgson, J. E., Henly, S. J., Duckett, L., & Tarrant, M. (2003). Theory of planned behavior-based models for breast feeding duration among Hong Kong mothers. Nursing Research, 52(3), 148-158. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dugdale, A.E. (1970), Breastfeeding in a South East Asian city. Far Eastern Medical Journal. 6: 230-234 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Edward C. Baer (1981),Promoting Breastfeeding: A National Responsibility,Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 12, No. 4, Breastfeeding: Program, Policy, and Research Issues., pp. 198-206 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ellen McIntyre, Janet E Hiller, Deborah Turnbull.(1999),Determinants of infant feeding practices in a low socio-economic area: Identifying envirnomental barriers to breastfeeding,Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. Canberra: .卷期23, Iss. 2; pg. 207, 3 pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ernestine Friedl(1975),Women and Men: An Anthropologist`s View. Waveland Press. p.8 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Galtry.J.(2000), Extending the "bright line": Feminism, breastfeeding, and the workplace in the United States. Gender & Society. 2000. Vol. 14, Iss. 2; p. 295-317 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Galtry, J. (2003)., The impact on breastfeeding of labour market policy and practice in Ireland, Sweden, and the USA. Soc Sci Med, 57(1): p.167-77. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Heining, J .M., & Farley, K. (2001). Development of effective strategies to support breastfeeding. Journal of Human Lactation, 17(4), 293-297. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hill, P.D. (2000). Update on breast feeding: Healthy people 2010 objectives. The American Journal of Maternal/ Child Nursing, 25(5), 248-51. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jacqueline H Wolf.(2003), Low Breastfeeding Rates and Public Health in the United States ,American Journal of Public Health., Washington: Dec 2003.Vol.93, Iss. 12; pg. 2000 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jeanne M Madden, Stephen B Soumerai, Tracy A Lieu, Kenneth D Mandl, et al.(2003),Effects on breastfeeding of changes in maternity length-of-stay policy in a large health maintenance organization,Pediatrics. Evanston:.Vol.111, Iss. 3; pg. 519, 6 pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jelliffe, D. B. (1962), Culture, social change and infant feeding:Current trends in tropical regions. Amercian Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 10:19-45. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Joan Ortiz, Kathryn McGilligan, Patricia Kelly.(2004),Duration of Breast Milk Expression Among Working Mothers Enrolled in an Employer-Sponsored Lactation Program ,Pediatric Nursing. Vol.30,Iss.2;pg.111,9pgs | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | John Knodel; Nibhon Debavalya( 1980),Breastfeeding in Thailand: Trends and Differentials, 1969-79,Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 11, No. 12., pp. 355-377. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | K. Mahler( 1996),Women Breastfeeding Infants Longer in Many Developing Countries ,International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 3., pp. 134-135. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | K. Mahler(1996),Women Breastfeeding Infants Longer in Many Developing Countries (in Digests) ,International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 3., pp. 134-135 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Karin Jurczyk 1998, Time in women’s everyday lives: Between self-determination and conflicting demands. Time & Society 7(2): 283-308 | zh_TW |