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題名 自我建構與主觀幸福感：自尊與相融和諧的角色
Self-construals and Subjective Well-being: The Roles of Self-esteem and Fitting Harmony
作者 簡晉龍
貢獻者 李美枝
簡晉龍
關鍵詞 自我建構
獨立自我
相依自我
自尊
相融和諧
主觀幸福感
self-construals
independent self
interdependent self
self-esteem
fitting-harmony
subjective well-being
日期 2002
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 13:15:52 (UTC+8)
摘要 人生在世，無不期望幸福，而目標的達成是一個人幸福的來源。從文化與自我相互建構的觀點，不同文化下的人擁有不同自我建構（獨立自我vs.相依自我），而追求不同的目標，因此其幸福感的來源基礎應當有所不同。過去的文獻都指出，華人社會是一個集體主義的社會（相對於北美的個人主義），華人的自我是一種相依式的自我；與他人的相融和諧應當是華人重要的幸福感來源。然而，筆者假設：在文化交流頻繁的情況下，當代華人應當同時具有兩種自我建構的特色，一方面，獨立自我可能透過整體自尊而獲得其幸福感，相依自我則以與他人的相融和諧為其幸福感來源。筆者也對自尊的概念作一初步的釐清，認為相融和諧也可以成為個人整體自尊來源，進而影響個人主觀幸福。筆者讓425位參與者接受自我建構（包括獨立自我與相依自我）、整體自尊、相融和諧、以及主觀幸福感（包括生活滿意、正向情緒、負向情緒）等量表的施測，結果發現：當代以台灣為代表的華人，確實兼有相依自我與獨立自我建構的特色，而徑路分析的結果也支持了前述的假設。本研究也發現：自我建構量表的因素分析結果，獨立自我的部分可以抽成兩個因素，一為自我表達，一為追求獨立；進行階層迴歸分析後，發現除了相依自我外，善於自我表達也是有助於與人相融和諧的因素。最後，筆者除了對本研究的反省與限制作一討論外，也提出一些未來可能的研究方向。
Subjective well-being (SWB) or happiness, which is acquired from achieving one’s goals, is the ultimate motivator for all humans. The theory of self-construals states that people from different cultures have different self-construls (independent vs. interdependent), and pursue different cultural imperatives or everyday life tasks (goals). It has been pointed out that Chinese people have interdependent self-construl, which emphasizes fitting in and maintaining harmonious relationships with important others. However, the author hypothesized that the two views of the self might coexist in Chinese people in Taiwan in the face of the vast-scale cultural invasion from the West. The independent self was proposed to be the predictor of SWB, acting through the mediating variable of global self-esteem, whereas the interdependent self to be predictor of SWB, acting through the mediating variable of fitting-harmony (which means fitting in and maintaining harmonious relationships with important others). It was also hypothesized that fitting-harmony might be an important domain on which self-esteem is contingent; therefore, self-esteem is expected to mediate the effect on SWB for those higher in fitting-harmony.
425 participants completed the self-construl scale, self-esteem scale, fitting-harmony scale, and SWB scale. It was found that the two self-views coexist in Chinese people in Taiwan and the results of path analyses supported the hypotheses described above. Moreover, the result of exploratory factor analysis of self-construal scale showed that the items for independent self could be divided into two factors: self-expression and independence-pursuit. In addition to interdependent self, self-expression was also a significant predictor of fitting-harmony. The results, limitations, and future directions were discussed.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
88752009
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0887520091
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李美枝zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 簡晉龍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 簡晉龍zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 13:15:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 13:15:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 13:15:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0887520091en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32500-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88752009zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 人生在世，無不期望幸福，而目標的達成是一個人幸福的來源。從文化與自我相互建構的觀點，不同文化下的人擁有不同自我建構（獨立自我vs.相依自我），而追求不同的目標，因此其幸福感的來源基礎應當有所不同。過去的文獻都指出，華人社會是一個集體主義的社會（相對於北美的個人主義），華人的自我是一種相依式的自我；與他人的相融和諧應當是華人重要的幸福感來源。然而，筆者假設：在文化交流頻繁的情況下，當代華人應當同時具有兩種自我建構的特色，一方面，獨立自我可能透過整體自尊而獲得其幸福感，相依自我則以與他人的相融和諧為其幸福感來源。筆者也對自尊的概念作一初步的釐清，認為相融和諧也可以成為個人整體自尊來源，進而影響個人主觀幸福。筆者讓425位參與者接受自我建構（包括獨立自我與相依自我）、整體自尊、相融和諧、以及主觀幸福感（包括生活滿意、正向情緒、負向情緒）等量表的施測，結果發現：當代以台灣為代表的華人，確實兼有相依自我與獨立自我建構的特色，而徑路分析的結果也支持了前述的假設。本研究也發現：自我建構量表的因素分析結果，獨立自我的部分可以抽成兩個因素，一為自我表達，一為追求獨立；進行階層迴歸分析後，發現除了相依自我外，善於自我表達也是有助於與人相融和諧的因素。最後，筆者除了對本研究的反省與限制作一討論外，也提出一些未來可能的研究方向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Subjective well-being (SWB) or happiness, which is acquired from achieving one’s goals, is the ultimate motivator for all humans. The theory of self-construals states that people from different cultures have different self-construls (independent vs. interdependent), and pursue different cultural imperatives or everyday life tasks (goals). It has been pointed out that Chinese people have interdependent self-construl, which emphasizes fitting in and maintaining harmonious relationships with important others. However, the author hypothesized that the two views of the self might coexist in Chinese people in Taiwan in the face of the vast-scale cultural invasion from the West. The independent self was proposed to be the predictor of SWB, acting through the mediating variable of global self-esteem, whereas the interdependent self to be predictor of SWB, acting through the mediating variable of fitting-harmony (which means fitting in and maintaining harmonious relationships with important others). It was also hypothesized that fitting-harmony might be an important domain on which self-esteem is contingent; therefore, self-esteem is expected to mediate the effect on SWB for those higher in fitting-harmony.
425 participants completed the self-construl scale, self-esteem scale, fitting-harmony scale, and SWB scale. It was found that the two self-views coexist in Chinese people in Taiwan and the results of path analyses supported the hypotheses described above. Moreover, the result of exploratory factor analysis of self-construal scale showed that the items for independent self could be divided into two factors: self-expression and independence-pursuit. In addition to interdependent self, self-expression was also a significant predictor of fitting-harmony. The results, limitations, and future directions were discussed.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………1
第二節 名詞釋義…………………………………………………………4

第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………6
第一節 幸福感與相關理論………………………………………………6
一、 幸福感的概念……………………………………………………6
二、 幸福感的理論……………………………………………………8
第二節 文化與自我………………………………………………………12
第三節 自我與幸福感………..………………………………………..16
一、自尊與相融和諧的角色...……………………………………..16
二、兩種自我建構並存…...………………………………………..18
三、自尊與相融和諧的關係.………………………………………..21
第四節 研究架構與研究假設....……………………………………..23

第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………25
第一節 研究對象與程序……..……………………………………..25
第二節 研究工具………………………………………………………27
一、自我建構量表……………………………………………………27
二、自尊量表…………………………………………………………31
三、相融和諧量表……………………………………………………31
四、主觀幸福感量表…………………………………………………32

第四章 研究結果…………………………………………………………34
第一節 文化交流下的華人自我觀……………………………………34
第二節 簡單相關分析…………………………………………………36
第三節 階層迴歸分析…………………………………………………39
第四節 徑路分析與模式考驗…………………………………………41

第五章 綜合討論…………………………………………………………45
第一節 主要結果與發現………………………………………………45
第二節 研究限制………………………………………………………47
一、 理論與概念上的反省…………………………………………47
二、 研究方法的反省………………………………………………48
第三節 未來研究方向…………………………………………………50
一、 文化任務、自尊、與幸福感…………………………………50
二、 自我建構與適應………………………………………………51
三、 幸福感的建構效度……………………………………………51

參考文獻……………………………………………………………………53
附錄一………………………………………………………………………61
附錄二………………………………………………………………………63
附錄三………………………………………………………………………64
附錄四………………………………………………………………………67
附錄五………………………………………………………………………68




圖表目次

表2-1 兩種自我建構的比較…….………………………………………12
表2-2 自主性趨勢與融合性趨勢在不同社會中的可能組合.…………13
表2-3 兩種文化體系下的自我觀、文化任務與任務達成之道.………18
表3-1 受試者人口變項及百分比分佈情形………………………………26
表3-2 自我建構量表因素負荷量.………………………………………29
表3-3 刪除項目後之自我建構量表因素負荷量與各項目平均數………30
表4-1 受試者在三種自我層面上的平均數、標準差與信賴區間………34
表4-2 受試者在三種自我層面理論中點上下的人數與百分比…………35
表4-3 所有變項的兩兩簡單相關.………………………………………38
表4-4 階層迴歸分析…………….………………………………………39
表4-5 模式指標符合情況……….………………………………………44

圖2-1 文化與自我的相互建構….………………………………………16
圖2-2 研究架構………………….………………………………………24
圖3-1 自我建構量表的陡坡考驗.………………………………………28
圖3-2 相融和諧量表的陡坡考驗.………………………………………32
圖4-1 第一次徑路分析………….………………………………………41
圖4-2 第二次徑路分析………….………………………………………42
圖4-3 研究模式的參數估計圖……….…………………………………43		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0887520091en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自我建構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 獨立自我zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相依自我zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自尊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相融和諧zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主觀幸福感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) self-construalsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) independent selfen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) interdependent selfen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) self-esteemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) fitting-harmonyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) subjective well-beingen_US
dc.title (題名) 自我建構與主觀幸福感：自尊與相融和諧的角色zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Self-construals and Subjective Well-being: The Roles of Self-esteem and Fitting Harmonyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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