學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 大學生伴侶間人際行為對愛情依附的影響
The impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on romantic attachment for college students
作者 孫頌賢
貢獻者 修慧蘭
孫頌賢
關鍵詞 互依性
互補性
成人依附
伴侶間人際行為
愛情關係
親和性
adult attachment
affiliation, couples’ interpersonal behaviors
complement
interdependence
romantic relationship
affiliation
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 13:21:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究試圖整合成人依附理論與Benjamin的SASB人際行為環複模式,主要研究目的有二,研究目的一:探討伴侶間的人際行為是否會影響個人在愛情關係中依附特質的展現,研究目的二:探討伴侶間的人際行為對個人在愛情關係中依附風格、依附特質改變的影響情形。在本研究中,在伴侶間人際行為的內涵包括親和性(又分成滋潤性與破壞性)與互依性(又分成自主性與控制性)等人際行為,伴侶間互動層次共測量個體自陳對方提供行為、實際對方提供行為,個體的尋求行為、以及提供-尋求行為之間的互補性(亦分成個體自陳伴侶間的互補性、以及實際伴侶間的互補性)。依附特質的測量包括個體自陳在愛情中與伴侶間的焦慮與逃避依附特質等,並可組合出安全型、焦慮/矛盾型、逃避型、與錯亂型等四種依附風格。
本研究採取「追蹤研究法」,平均間隔約12.49週,進行兩個時間點的測量,邀請正在約會關係中的大學生伴侶雙方共234人接受單獨的成人依附特質量表(ECR)、伴侶間人際行為量表(SASB模式)的測量,並同時詢問其壓力事件調查表與測驗大學生身心健康調查表(GHQ),以作為排除影響依附風格改變的干擾變項,兩個時間點皆完成測驗且未分手者共計199人。研究目的一的分析對象為第一個時間受測者,但必須是正在談戀愛而未分手的大學生,共計232人符合標準,其中男性佔35%,女性佔65%,,而完整的配對資料共76對,故有152人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。
研究目的二的受測者除了兩個時間點皆受測且未分手外,還必須排除在兩個時間點遭受重大壓力者與GHQ量表上表現出身心健康狀況不佳者,共計有效受試者為183人,伴侶雙方皆完成測驗的共計63對,故有126人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。本研究亦針對個體自陳對方提供行為、以及各人際行為的親和性與互依性指標、提供與尋求行為的互補性指標等,進行信效度的檢驗。
本研究結果可分成兩大部分。第一,在人際行為對愛情依附特質與風格改變的影響方面,可發現部分伴侶間人際行為的確可對依附特質造成影響:1. 「親和性」人際行為最能影響愛情依附特質,並與依附風格、依附特質改變最有關連;2.「滋潤性親和」不同於「破壞性親和」對依附特質的影響;3.個體在愛情關係中的依附特質,主要受到個體「主觀認知」到的伴侶間人際互動,而並不一定會受到「實際」伴侶間人際互動的影響;4. 逃避特質則較明顯受到伴侶間滋潤性親和人際行為的影響,而焦慮依附特質較受到伴侶間破壞性人際行為的影響,但焦慮依附特質的改變與伴侶人際行為關連性較低。第二,對個體在關係中單向的人際行為而言,親和性比互依性人際行為更能影響愛情依附特質,甚至與依附風格、依附特質的改變更有關連;但互依性指標(自主性)對依附特質並非沒有影響力,而是會顯現在雙向人際行為的互補性當中。
最後乃說明本研究的討論與限制,並提出未來在研究上與伴侶諮商實務上的建議。
This study tried to integrate adult attachment theory and Benjamin’s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Models (SASB). There were two major purposes of the study: The first one was to, discussing whether the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on romantic attachment characteristics for college students. The Second was to, discussing the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on the change of attachment styles and characteristics. In this study, the content of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors includes affiliation (best and worst) and interdependence (autonomy and control) behaviors. The interactions of dating couples were measured by self reporting partner’s providing behaviors, actual partner’s providing behaviors, subjects’ seeking behaviors, the complements of self reporting dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors, and the complements of actual dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors. The measurement of attachment characteristics included anxiety and avoidance trait, which could be combined to four attachment styles: secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, disoriented / disorganized.
The study took ‘panel study’, and the average interval of test-retest time points was about 12.49 weeks. Total subjects were 234, who were measured by ECR and couples’ interpersonal behaviors (SASB model). Questionnaires of stress events, and GHQ were interference variables for the use of the purpose of the second study. There were 232 subjects composed of 35% male and 65% female in the purpose of first study. These subjects who were all measured in the first timing were falling in love and not yet breaking-up. There were 76 pairs complete matching data, so 152 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship.
There were 183 subjects in the purpose of the second study. Besides subjects who were measured in the two time points were falling in love and not yet breaking-up, it had to eliminate two interference variables. There were 63 pairs complete matching data, so 126 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship.
There were two major results in this study. First, couples’ interpersonal behaviors had the impact on attachment characteristics: 1. affiliation interpersonal behaviors could affect romantic attachment characteristics, and was related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics. 2. The impact on attachment characteristics was different between ‘best affiliation’ and ‘worst affiliation’. 3. Self reporting couples’ interpersonal behaviors had impact on attachment characteristics. On the contrary, actual couples’ interpersonal behaviors had no impact. 4. ‘Best affiliation’ had impact on avoidance attachment characteristics, and ‘worst affiliation’ had impact on anxiety attachment characteristics. The association between the change of anxiety attachment characteristics and couples’ interpersonal behaviors was low. Second, for one-way interpersonal behavior in dating relationship, affiliation behaviors affected romantic attachment characteristics more than interdependence. Even affiliation behaviors were more related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics than interdependence. The complement of couples’ autonomy interpersonal behaviors also affected attachment characteristics.
In addition, implication for adult attachment research and couple therapy in dating relationship was discussed. Research limitation was also explicated.
參考文獻 王慶福(2000)。當男孩愛上女孩:人際依附風格類型搭配、愛情關係與關係適應之研究。中華輔導學報,8,117-201。
吳嘉瑜(2005)。配對研究的行與思—以一個受訪家庭為例。輔導與諮商學報,27(2),71-92。
卓紋君(1998)。當今心理學界對愛情的研究與方向。中華心理衛生學刊,11(3),87-107。
林佳玲(2000)。夫妻依附風格、衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
莊靜怡 譯(2006)。社會研究法的設計。台北:韋伯文化。
修慧蘭、孫頌賢(2003)。大學生約會暴力行為之測量與調查。教育與心理研究,26(3),471-499。
孫頌賢(2001)。以家庭系統觀進行家庭測量之研究—以家庭系統分化為例。國立政治大學教育學系碩士論文。
孫頌賢(2003)。原生家庭對兩性人際之影響—談系統觀的兩性諮商。輔導季刊,39(3),42-52。
孫頌賢、修慧蘭(2002)。以家庭系統觀進行家庭系統測量之研究—以家庭系統分化為例。中華輔導學報。11,125-165。
孫頌賢、修慧蘭(2007)。成人依附的測量:成人世界中不同依附對象的測量差異與關連。中華心理衛生學刊,20(1),in printing。
翁令珍(2001)。個別諮商歷程中人際行為之分析研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
翁令珍、廖鳳池(2002)。諮商初期諮商師與來談者之互動組型與來談者晤談感受之分析研究。中華輔導學報,12期,33-71。
張玨(1987)。大專聯考壓力症候群之探討。公共衛生,6(3),43-53。
張秋蘭(2000)。青少年依附關係、自我尊重與身心健康之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
許文耀(1999)。身心健康量表編製計劃。聯安健康事業股份有限公司委託之研究計劃,未出版。
陳靜怡(2005)。大專生獨處狀態及其與身心健康之關係。國立政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
廖宏啟(民88)。大學生人際行為之測量極其相關變項之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
榮泰生(2005)。SPSS與研究方法。台北:五南。
蔣桂嫚(1993)。高中學生生活壓力、因應方式與身心健康關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
簡晉龍(2003)。自我建構與主觀幸福感:自尊與相融和諧的角色。國立政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
蘇建文 譯(2002)。發展心理學。台北:學富。
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 213-232.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1992). The differentiation in the family system scale (DIFS). The American Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 77-89.
Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. London: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Babcock, J. C., Jacobson, N. S., Guttman, J. M., & Yerington, T. P. (2000). Attachment, emotional regulation, and the function of marital violence: Differences between secure, preoccupied, and dismissing violent and nonviolent husbands. Journal of Family Violence, 15(4), 391-409.
Baldwin, M. W. & Fehr, B. (1995). On the instability of attachment style ratings. Personal Relationships, 2, 247-261.
Banse, R. (2004). Adult attachment and marital satisfaction: Evidence for dyadic configuration effects. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(2), 271-282.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
Bartholomew, K., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Method of assessing adult attachment: Do they converge? In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.25-45). NY: The Guilford Press.
Benjamin, L. S. (1979). Structural analysis of differentiation failure. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 42, 1-23.
Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. (2ed.). NY: Guilford.
Benjamin, L. S. (1996). A clinician-friendly version of the interpersonal circumplex: Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB). Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 248-266.
Bouthillier, D., Julien, D., Dubé, M., Blanger, I., & Hamelin, M. (2002). Predictive validity of adult attachment measures in relation to emotion regulation behaviors in marital interaction. Journal of adult development, 9(4), 291-305.
Bowlby, J. (1969, 1973, 1980). Attachment and Loss (Vol. 1. Attachment; Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger; Vol. 3. Loss: sadness and depression). New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base : Parent-children attachment and healthy human development. New York : Basic Books.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R.(1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An intergrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.46-76). NY: The Guilford Press.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couple. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.
Cozzarelli, C., Karafa, J. A., Collins, N. L., & Tagler, M. J. (2003). Stability and change in adult attachment styles: associations with personal vulnerabilities, life events, and global construals of self and others. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 22(3), 315-346.
Crowell, J., & Waters, E. (2005). Attachment representations, secure-base behavior, and the evolution of adult relationships: The Stony Brook Adult Relationship Project. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from Infancy to Adulthood: The Major Longitudinal Studies(pp.223-244). NY: The Guilford Press.
Davila, J., Burge, D. & Hammen, C. (1997). Why does attachment style change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 826-838.
Davila, J. (2003). Attachment processes in couple therapy: Informing behavioral models. In S. M. Johnson & V. E. Whiffen(Eds.), Attachment processes in couple and family therapy(pp124-143). NY: The Guilford Press.
Dozier, M., & Tyrell, C. (1998). The role of attachment in therapeutic relationships. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp.221-248). NY: Guilford Press.
Elicker, J., Egeland, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Predicting peer competence in childhood from early parent-child relationships. In R. Parke & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Family and Peer Relationships: Modes of Linkage. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Fairchild, A. J., & Finney, S. J. (2006). Investigating validity evidence for the Experiences in Close Relationships-revised questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(1), 116-135.
Feeney, J. A. (1994). Attachment styles, communication patterns, and satisfaction across the life cycle of marriage. Personal Relationships, 2, 143-159.
Feeney, J. A. (1999). Chapter 17. Adult attachment and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy, & P. R. Shaver(Eds.), Handbook of Attachment Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (pp.355-377). NY: The Guilford Press.
Feeney, J. A. (2002). Attachment, marital interaction, and relationship satisfaction: A diary study. Personal Relationships, 9, 39-55.
Florsheim, P., Henry, W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1996). Integrating individual and interpersonal approaches to diagnosis: The structural analysis of social behavior and attachment theory. In F. W. Kaslow (Ed), Handbook of relational diagnosis and dysfunctional family patterns. (pp.81-101). NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Fraley, R. C., Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4, 132-154.
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365.
George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). An Adult Attachment Interview: Interview protocol. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
Gormley, B. (2005). An adult attachment theoretical perspective of gender symmetry in intimate partner violence. Sex Roles, 52(11/12), 785-795.
Greenberg, L. S., & Johnson, S. M. (1988). Emotionally focused therapy for couples. NY: The Guilford Press.
Gurtman, M. B. (1993). Constructing personality test to meet a structural criterion: Application of the interpersonal circumplex. Journal of Personality, 61(2), 237-263.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 270-280.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22.
Henry, W. P., Schacht, T. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1986). Structural analysis of social behavior: Application to a study of interpersonal process in differential psychotherapeutic outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 27-31.
Hooper, D., & Dryden, W. (1991). Couple therapy—a handbook: Who couple therapy, 59-89. Milton Keynes, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Hossack,R. C. (1997). Salutogenic and pathogenic orientations to life : Attachment, personality, sense of coherence and well-being in late adolescence: A structural equation model. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 58(4-B), 2153.
Johnson, S. M. (1996). The practice of emotionally focusedmarital therapy: Creative connection. NY: Brunner/Mazel.
Johnson, S. M. (2003). Introduction to attachment: A therapist’s guide to primary relationships and their renewal. In S. M. Johnson & V. E. Whiffen(Eds.), Attachment processes in couple and family therapy(pp3-17). NY: The Guilford Press.
Johnson, S. M. & Whiffen, V. E. (2003). Attachment processes in couple and family therapy. NY: The Guilford Press.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & David, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 502-512.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Hazan, C. (1994). Attachment style and close relationships: A four-year prospective study. Personal Relationships, 1, 123-142.
Klein, M. H., Wonderlich, S. A., & Crossby, R. (2001). Self-concept correlates of the personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15(2), 150-156.
Lafontaine, M., & Lussier, Y. (2005). Does anger towards the partner mediate and moderate the link between romantic attachment and intimate violence? Journal of Family Violence, 20(6), 349-361.
Lamb, M. E., Tompsom, R. A., Gardner, W. P., Vharnor, E. L., & Estes, D. (1984). Security of infantile attachment as assessed in the ”Strange situation”: Its study and biological interpretation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 127-171.
Larose, S., & Bernier, A. (2001). Social support processes: Mediators of attachment state of mind and adjustment in late adolescence. Attachment & Human Development, 3(1), 96-120.
Leary, T. F. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. NY: Ronald.
Lopez, F. G., & Gormley, B. (2002). Stability and change in adult attachment style over the first-year college transition : relations to self-confidence, coping, and distress patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 355-364.
Lopez, F. G., & Gover, M. R. (1993). Self-report measures of parent-adolescent attachment and separation-individuation: A selective Review. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 560-569.
Lorr, M., & Strack, S..(1999). A study of Benjamin`s eight-facet Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 207-215.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying insecure-disorganized/disoriented infants: Procedures, findings, and implications for the classification of behavior. In M Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & M. Cummings(Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention(pp. 121-160). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Mayseless, O. (1991). Adult attachment patterns and courtship violence. Family Relations, 40, 21-28.
Meyers, S. A., & Landsberger, S. A. (2002). Direct and indirect pathways between adult attachment style and marital satisfaction. Personal relationship, 9, 159-172.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(1), 34-38.
Minuchin, S. (1974). Family & family therapy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Morrison, T. L., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., & Urquiza, A. J. (1997). Attachment and the representation of intimate relationships in adulthood. Journal of Psychology Interdisplinary & Applied, 131(1), 57-71.
Muller, R. T., & Lemieux, K. E. (2000). Social support, attachment, and psychopathology in high risk formerly maltreated adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(7), 883-900.
Noller, P., & White, A. (1990). The validity of the Communication Patterns Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psuchology, 2, 478-482.
Pincus, A. L., Dickinson, K. A., Schut, A. J., Castonguay, L. G., Bedics, J. (1999). Integrating interpersonal assessment and adult attachment using SASB. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(3), 206-220.
Pincus, A. L., Gurtman, M. B., & Ruiz, M. A. (1998). Structural analysis of Social Behavior (SASB): circumplex analyses and structural relations with the interpersonal circle and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1629-1645.
Pincus, A. L., Newes, S. L., Dickinson, K. A., & Ruiz, M. A. (1998) A comparison of three indexes to assess the dimensions of structural analysis of social behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70(1), 145-170.
Ptacek, J. T. (1996). The role of attachment in perceived support and the stress and coping process. In G. R. Pierce, B. R., Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family(pp. 495-520). NY: Plenum.
Ratti, L. A., Humphrey, L. L., & Lyons, J. S. (1996). Structural analysis of families with a polydrug-dependent, bulimic, or normal adolescent daughter. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1255-1262.
Ruiz, M. A., Pincus, A. L., & Bedics, J. B. (1999). Using the structural analysis of social behavior(SASB) to differentiate young adults with borderline personality disorder features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 13(2), 187-198.
Ruvolo, A. P., Fabin, L. A., & Ruvolo, C. M. (2001). Relationship experiences and change in attachment characteristics of young adults: The role of relationship breakups and conflict avoidance. Personal Relationships, 8, 265-281.
Sarason, B. R.; Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1990). Social Support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An Interavtional View(pp. 97-128). NY: Wiley.
Scharfe, E. & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1, 23-43.
Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 552-557.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1998, January). Building human strength: Psychology’s forgotten mission. APA Monitor, p.4.
Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2004). Short-term temporal stability and factor structure of the revised experiences in close relationships(ECR-R) measure of adult attachment. Personal and Individual Differences, 36, 969-975.
Sibley, C. G., Fischer, R., & Liu, J. H. (2005). Reliability and validity of the revised experiences in close relationships(ECR-R) self report measure of adult romantic attachment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(11), 1524-1536.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S. (1998). Attachment in adult. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.3-21). NY: The Guilford Press.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992). Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety — provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 434-446.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Campbell, L., & Wilson, C. L. (2003). Changes in attachment orientations across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(4), 317-331.
Stackert, R. A., & Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1419-1429.
Strack, S. (1996). Introduction to the special series—interpersonal theory and the interpersonal circumplex: Timothy Leary’s legacy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 212-216.
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. NY: Norton.
Thompson, L., & Walker, A.(1982). The dyad as the unit of analysis: conceptual and Conceptual and methodological issue. Journal of marriage and family, 44, 889-900.
Vaughn, B. E., Egeland, B. R., Stroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1979). Individual differences in infant-mother attachment at 12 and 18 months: Stability and Change in Families under stress. Child Development, 50, 971-975.
Walsh, F. (2003). Family resilience: Strengths forged through adversity. In F. Walsh (Ed). Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity(3th). NY: The Guilford.
Waters, E., Crowell, J., Elliott, M., Corcoran, D., & Treboux, D. (2002). Bowlby’s secure base theory and the social/personality psychology of attachment styles: work(s) in progress. Attachment and Human Development, 4, 230-242.
Wiggins, J. S. (1996). An informal history of the interpersonal circumplex tradition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 217-233.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
91752501
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0917525012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 修慧蘭zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 孫頌賢zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 孫頌賢zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 13:21:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 13:21:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 13:21:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0917525012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32533-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91752501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究試圖整合成人依附理論與Benjamin的SASB人際行為環複模式,主要研究目的有二,研究目的一:探討伴侶間的人際行為是否會影響個人在愛情關係中依附特質的展現,研究目的二:探討伴侶間的人際行為對個人在愛情關係中依附風格、依附特質改變的影響情形。在本研究中,在伴侶間人際行為的內涵包括親和性(又分成滋潤性與破壞性)與互依性(又分成自主性與控制性)等人際行為,伴侶間互動層次共測量個體自陳對方提供行為、實際對方提供行為,個體的尋求行為、以及提供-尋求行為之間的互補性(亦分成個體自陳伴侶間的互補性、以及實際伴侶間的互補性)。依附特質的測量包括個體自陳在愛情中與伴侶間的焦慮與逃避依附特質等,並可組合出安全型、焦慮/矛盾型、逃避型、與錯亂型等四種依附風格。
本研究採取「追蹤研究法」,平均間隔約12.49週,進行兩個時間點的測量,邀請正在約會關係中的大學生伴侶雙方共234人接受單獨的成人依附特質量表(ECR)、伴侶間人際行為量表(SASB模式)的測量,並同時詢問其壓力事件調查表與測驗大學生身心健康調查表(GHQ),以作為排除影響依附風格改變的干擾變項,兩個時間點皆完成測驗且未分手者共計199人。研究目的一的分析對象為第一個時間受測者,但必須是正在談戀愛而未分手的大學生,共計232人符合標準,其中男性佔35%,女性佔65%,,而完整的配對資料共76對,故有152人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。
研究目的二的受測者除了兩個時間點皆受測且未分手外,還必須排除在兩個時間點遭受重大壓力者與GHQ量表上表現出身心健康狀況不佳者,共計有效受試者為183人,伴侶雙方皆完成測驗的共計63對,故有126人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。本研究亦針對個體自陳對方提供行為、以及各人際行為的親和性與互依性指標、提供與尋求行為的互補性指標等,進行信效度的檢驗。
本研究結果可分成兩大部分。第一,在人際行為對愛情依附特質與風格改變的影響方面,可發現部分伴侶間人際行為的確可對依附特質造成影響:1. 「親和性」人際行為最能影響愛情依附特質,並與依附風格、依附特質改變最有關連;2.「滋潤性親和」不同於「破壞性親和」對依附特質的影響;3.個體在愛情關係中的依附特質,主要受到個體「主觀認知」到的伴侶間人際互動,而並不一定會受到「實際」伴侶間人際互動的影響;4. 逃避特質則較明顯受到伴侶間滋潤性親和人際行為的影響,而焦慮依附特質較受到伴侶間破壞性人際行為的影響,但焦慮依附特質的改變與伴侶人際行為關連性較低。第二,對個體在關係中單向的人際行為而言,親和性比互依性人際行為更能影響愛情依附特質,甚至與依附風格、依附特質的改變更有關連;但互依性指標(自主性)對依附特質並非沒有影響力,而是會顯現在雙向人際行為的互補性當中。
最後乃說明本研究的討論與限制,並提出未來在研究上與伴侶諮商實務上的建議。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study tried to integrate adult attachment theory and Benjamin’s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Models (SASB). There were two major purposes of the study: The first one was to, discussing whether the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on romantic attachment characteristics for college students. The Second was to, discussing the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on the change of attachment styles and characteristics. In this study, the content of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors includes affiliation (best and worst) and interdependence (autonomy and control) behaviors. The interactions of dating couples were measured by self reporting partner’s providing behaviors, actual partner’s providing behaviors, subjects’ seeking behaviors, the complements of self reporting dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors, and the complements of actual dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors. The measurement of attachment characteristics included anxiety and avoidance trait, which could be combined to four attachment styles: secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, disoriented / disorganized.
The study took ‘panel study’, and the average interval of test-retest time points was about 12.49 weeks. Total subjects were 234, who were measured by ECR and couples’ interpersonal behaviors (SASB model). Questionnaires of stress events, and GHQ were interference variables for the use of the purpose of the second study. There were 232 subjects composed of 35% male and 65% female in the purpose of first study. These subjects who were all measured in the first timing were falling in love and not yet breaking-up. There were 76 pairs complete matching data, so 152 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship.
There were 183 subjects in the purpose of the second study. Besides subjects who were measured in the two time points were falling in love and not yet breaking-up, it had to eliminate two interference variables. There were 63 pairs complete matching data, so 126 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship.
There were two major results in this study. First, couples’ interpersonal behaviors had the impact on attachment characteristics: 1. affiliation interpersonal behaviors could affect romantic attachment characteristics, and was related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics. 2. The impact on attachment characteristics was different between ‘best affiliation’ and ‘worst affiliation’. 3. Self reporting couples’ interpersonal behaviors had impact on attachment characteristics. On the contrary, actual couples’ interpersonal behaviors had no impact. 4. ‘Best affiliation’ had impact on avoidance attachment characteristics, and ‘worst affiliation’ had impact on anxiety attachment characteristics. The association between the change of anxiety attachment characteristics and couples’ interpersonal behaviors was low. Second, for one-way interpersonal behavior in dating relationship, affiliation behaviors affected romantic attachment characteristics more than interdependence. Even affiliation behaviors were more related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics than interdependence. The complement of couples’ autonomy interpersonal behaviors also affected attachment characteristics.
In addition, implication for adult attachment research and couple therapy in dating relationship was discussed. Research limitation was also explicated.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章、緒論………………………………………………………… 1
第一節、研究背景與目的……………………………………… 1
第二節、研究問題……………………………………………… 9
第三節、名詞解釋……………………………………………… 12
第二章、文獻探討…………………………………………………… 15
第一節、成人依附理論與愛情關係…………………………… 15
第二節、愛情關係中的人際行為……………………………… 28
第三節、愛情依附的改變……………………………………… 45
第三章、研究方法…………………………………………………… 57
第一節、研究方法與過程……………………………………… 57
第二節、研究對象……………………………………………… 58
第三節、研究工具……………………………………………… 61
第三節、統計分析……………………………………………… 69
第四章、研究結果…………………………………………………… 71
第一節、人際行為對依附特質的影響………………………… 71
第二節、人際行為對愛情依附改變的影響…………………… 78
第五章、研究討論與結論…………………………………………… 91
第六章、研究建議與實務應用……………………………………… 101
第一節、研究建議……………………………………………… 101
第二節、伴侶諮商實務應用…………………………………… 104
參考書目……………………………………………………………… 109
附錄
附錄一、兩個時間點的研究邀請信函………………………… 121
附錄二:研究工具之題項結構………………………………… 126
附錄三、正式施測量表………………………………………… 133
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 41867 bytes-
dc.format.extent 220264 bytes-
dc.format.extent 1574394 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0917525012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互依性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互補性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 成人依附zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伴侶間人際行為zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 愛情關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 親和性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) adult attachmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) affiliation, couples’ interpersonal behaviorsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) complementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) interdependenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) romantic relationshipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) affiliationen_US
dc.title (題名) 大學生伴侶間人際行為對愛情依附的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on romantic attachment for college studentsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王慶福(2000)。當男孩愛上女孩:人際依附風格類型搭配、愛情關係與關係適應之研究。中華輔導學報,8,117-201。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳嘉瑜(2005)。配對研究的行與思—以一個受訪家庭為例。輔導與諮商學報,27(2),71-92。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 卓紋君(1998)。當今心理學界對愛情的研究與方向。中華心理衛生學刊,11(3),87-107。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林佳玲(2000)。夫妻依附風格、衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊靜怡 譯(2006)。社會研究法的設計。台北:韋伯文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 修慧蘭、孫頌賢(2003)。大學生約會暴力行為之測量與調查。教育與心理研究,26(3),471-499。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫頌賢(2001)。以家庭系統觀進行家庭測量之研究—以家庭系統分化為例。國立政治大學教育學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫頌賢(2003)。原生家庭對兩性人際之影響—談系統觀的兩性諮商。輔導季刊,39(3),42-52。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫頌賢、修慧蘭(2002)。以家庭系統觀進行家庭系統測量之研究—以家庭系統分化為例。中華輔導學報。11,125-165。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫頌賢、修慧蘭(2007)。成人依附的測量:成人世界中不同依附對象的測量差異與關連。中華心理衛生學刊,20(1),in printing。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁令珍(2001)。個別諮商歷程中人際行為之分析研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁令珍、廖鳳池(2002)。諮商初期諮商師與來談者之互動組型與來談者晤談感受之分析研究。中華輔導學報,12期,33-71。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張玨(1987)。大專聯考壓力症候群之探討。公共衛生,6(3),43-53。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張秋蘭(2000)。青少年依附關係、自我尊重與身心健康之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許文耀(1999)。身心健康量表編製計劃。聯安健康事業股份有限公司委託之研究計劃,未出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳靜怡(2005)。大專生獨處狀態及其與身心健康之關係。國立政治大學心理學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖宏啟(民88)。大學生人際行為之測量極其相關變項之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 榮泰生(2005)。SPSS與研究方法。台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔣桂嫚(1993)。高中學生生活壓力、因應方式與身心健康關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 簡晉龍(2003)。自我建構與主觀幸福感:自尊與相融和諧的角色。國立政治大學心理學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蘇建文 譯(2002)。發展心理學。台北:學富。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 213-232.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1992). The differentiation in the family system scale (DIFS). The American Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 77-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. London: Jossey-Bass Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Babcock, J. C., Jacobson, N. S., Guttman, J. M., & Yerington, T. P. (2000). Attachment, emotional regulation, and the function of marital violence: Differences between secure, preoccupied, and dismissing violent and nonviolent husbands. Journal of Family Violence, 15(4), 391-409.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baldwin, M. W. & Fehr, B. (1995). On the instability of attachment style ratings. Personal Relationships, 2, 247-261.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Banse, R. (2004). Adult attachment and marital satisfaction: Evidence for dyadic configuration effects. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(2), 271-282.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bartholomew, K., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Method of assessing adult attachment: Do they converge? In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.25-45). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benjamin, L. S. (1979). Structural analysis of differentiation failure. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 42, 1-23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. (2ed.). NY: Guilford.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benjamin, L. S. (1996). A clinician-friendly version of the interpersonal circumplex: Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB). Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 248-266.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bouthillier, D., Julien, D., Dubé, M., Blanger, I., & Hamelin, M. (2002). Predictive validity of adult attachment measures in relation to emotion regulation behaviors in marital interaction. Journal of adult development, 9(4), 291-305.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bowlby, J. (1969, 1973, 1980). Attachment and Loss (Vol. 1. Attachment; Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger; Vol. 3. Loss: sadness and depression). New York: Basic Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base : Parent-children attachment and healthy human development. New York : Basic Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R.(1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An intergrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.46-76). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couple. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cozzarelli, C., Karafa, J. A., Collins, N. L., & Tagler, M. J. (2003). Stability and change in adult attachment styles: associations with personal vulnerabilities, life events, and global construals of self and others. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 22(3), 315-346.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crowell, J., & Waters, E. (2005). Attachment representations, secure-base behavior, and the evolution of adult relationships: The Stony Brook Adult Relationship Project. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from Infancy to Adulthood: The Major Longitudinal Studies(pp.223-244). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davila, J., Burge, D. & Hammen, C. (1997). Why does attachment style change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 826-838.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davila, J. (2003). Attachment processes in couple therapy: Informing behavioral models. In S. M. Johnson & V. E. Whiffen(Eds.), Attachment processes in couple and family therapy(pp124-143). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dozier, M., & Tyrell, C. (1998). The role of attachment in therapeutic relationships. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp.221-248). NY: Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Elicker, J., Egeland, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Predicting peer competence in childhood from early parent-child relationships. In R. Parke & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Family and Peer Relationships: Modes of Linkage. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairchild, A. J., & Finney, S. J. (2006). Investigating validity evidence for the Experiences in Close Relationships-revised questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(1), 116-135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feeney, J. A. (1994). Attachment styles, communication patterns, and satisfaction across the life cycle of marriage. Personal Relationships, 2, 143-159.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feeney, J. A. (1999). Chapter 17. Adult attachment and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy, & P. R. Shaver(Eds.), Handbook of Attachment Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (pp.355-377). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feeney, J. A. (2002). Attachment, marital interaction, and relationship satisfaction: A diary study. Personal Relationships, 9, 39-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Florsheim, P., Henry, W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1996). Integrating individual and interpersonal approaches to diagnosis: The structural analysis of social behavior and attachment theory. In F. W. Kaslow (Ed), Handbook of relational diagnosis and dysfunctional family patterns. (pp.81-101). NY: John Wiley & Sons.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fraley, R. C., Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4, 132-154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). An Adult Attachment Interview: Interview protocol. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gormley, B. (2005). An adult attachment theoretical perspective of gender symmetry in intimate partner violence. Sex Roles, 52(11/12), 785-795.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenberg, L. S., & Johnson, S. M. (1988). Emotionally focused therapy for couples. NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gurtman, M. B. (1993). Constructing personality test to meet a structural criterion: Application of the interpersonal circumplex. Journal of Personality, 61(2), 237-263.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 270-280.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henry, W. P., Schacht, T. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1986). Structural analysis of social behavior: Application to a study of interpersonal process in differential psychotherapeutic outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 27-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hooper, D., & Dryden, W. (1991). Couple therapy—a handbook: Who couple therapy, 59-89. Milton Keynes, Philadelphia: Open University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hossack,R. C. (1997). Salutogenic and pathogenic orientations to life : Attachment, personality, sense of coherence and well-being in late adolescence: A structural equation model. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 58(4-B), 2153.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, S. M. (1996). The practice of emotionally focusedmarital therapy: Creative connection. NY: Brunner/Mazel.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, S. M. (2003). Introduction to attachment: A therapist’s guide to primary relationships and their renewal. In S. M. Johnson & V. E. Whiffen(Eds.), Attachment processes in couple and family therapy(pp3-17). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, S. M. & Whiffen, V. E. (2003). Attachment processes in couple and family therapy. NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirkpatrick, L. A., & David, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 502-512.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Hazan, C. (1994). Attachment style and close relationships: A four-year prospective study. Personal Relationships, 1, 123-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klein, M. H., Wonderlich, S. A., & Crossby, R. (2001). Self-concept correlates of the personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15(2), 150-156.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lafontaine, M., & Lussier, Y. (2005). Does anger towards the partner mediate and moderate the link between romantic attachment and intimate violence? Journal of Family Violence, 20(6), 349-361.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lamb, M. E., Tompsom, R. A., Gardner, W. P., Vharnor, E. L., & Estes, D. (1984). Security of infantile attachment as assessed in the ”Strange situation”: Its study and biological interpretation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 127-171.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Larose, S., & Bernier, A. (2001). Social support processes: Mediators of attachment state of mind and adjustment in late adolescence. Attachment & Human Development, 3(1), 96-120.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leary, T. F. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. NY: Ronald.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lopez, F. G., & Gormley, B. (2002). Stability and change in adult attachment style over the first-year college transition : relations to self-confidence, coping, and distress patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 355-364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lopez, F. G., & Gover, M. R. (1993). Self-report measures of parent-adolescent attachment and separation-individuation: A selective Review. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 560-569.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lorr, M., & Strack, S..(1999). A study of Benjamin`s eight-facet Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 207-215.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying insecure-disorganized/disoriented infants: Procedures, findings, and implications for the classification of behavior. In M Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & M. Cummings(Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention(pp. 121-160). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mayseless, O. (1991). Adult attachment patterns and courtship violence. Family Relations, 40, 21-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Meyers, S. A., & Landsberger, S. A. (2002). Direct and indirect pathways between adult attachment style and marital satisfaction. Personal relationship, 9, 159-172.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(1), 34-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Minuchin, S. (1974). Family & family therapy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morrison, T. L., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., & Urquiza, A. J. (1997). Attachment and the representation of intimate relationships in adulthood. Journal of Psychology Interdisplinary & Applied, 131(1), 57-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Muller, R. T., & Lemieux, K. E. (2000). Social support, attachment, and psychopathology in high risk formerly maltreated adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(7), 883-900.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Noller, P., & White, A. (1990). The validity of the Communication Patterns Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psuchology, 2, 478-482.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pincus, A. L., Dickinson, K. A., Schut, A. J., Castonguay, L. G., Bedics, J. (1999). Integrating interpersonal assessment and adult attachment using SASB. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(3), 206-220.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pincus, A. L., Gurtman, M. B., & Ruiz, M. A. (1998). Structural analysis of Social Behavior (SASB): circumplex analyses and structural relations with the interpersonal circle and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1629-1645.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pincus, A. L., Newes, S. L., Dickinson, K. A., & Ruiz, M. A. (1998) A comparison of three indexes to assess the dimensions of structural analysis of social behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70(1), 145-170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ptacek, J. T. (1996). The role of attachment in perceived support and the stress and coping process. In G. R. Pierce, B. R., Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family(pp. 495-520). NY: Plenum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ratti, L. A., Humphrey, L. L., & Lyons, J. S. (1996). Structural analysis of families with a polydrug-dependent, bulimic, or normal adolescent daughter. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1255-1262.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ruiz, M. A., Pincus, A. L., & Bedics, J. B. (1999). Using the structural analysis of social behavior(SASB) to differentiate young adults with borderline personality disorder features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 13(2), 187-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ruvolo, A. P., Fabin, L. A., & Ruvolo, C. M. (2001). Relationship experiences and change in attachment characteristics of young adults: The role of relationship breakups and conflict avoidance. Personal Relationships, 8, 265-281.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sarason, B. R.; Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1990). Social Support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An Interavtional View(pp. 97-128). NY: Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scharfe, E. & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1, 23-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 552-557.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Seligman, M. E. P. (1998, January). Building human strength: Psychology’s forgotten mission. APA Monitor, p.4.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2004). Short-term temporal stability and factor structure of the revised experiences in close relationships(ECR-R) measure of adult attachment. Personal and Individual Differences, 36, 969-975.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sibley, C. G., Fischer, R., & Liu, J. H. (2005). Reliability and validity of the revised experiences in close relationships(ECR-R) self report measure of adult romantic attachment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(11), 1524-1536.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S. (1998). Attachment in adult. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.3-21). NY: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992). Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety — provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 434-446.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Campbell, L., & Wilson, C. L. (2003). Changes in attachment orientations across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(4), 317-331.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stackert, R. A., & Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1419-1429.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Strack, S. (1996). Introduction to the special series—interpersonal theory and the interpersonal circumplex: Timothy Leary’s legacy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 212-216.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. NY: Norton.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thompson, L., & Walker, A.(1982). The dyad as the unit of analysis: conceptual and Conceptual and methodological issue. Journal of marriage and family, 44, 889-900.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vaughn, B. E., Egeland, B. R., Stroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1979). Individual differences in infant-mother attachment at 12 and 18 months: Stability and Change in Families under stress. Child Development, 50, 971-975.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walsh, F. (2003). Family resilience: Strengths forged through adversity. In F. Walsh (Ed). Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity(3th). NY: The Guilford.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waters, E., Crowell, J., Elliott, M., Corcoran, D., & Treboux, D. (2002). Bowlby’s secure base theory and the social/personality psychology of attachment styles: work(s) in progress. Attachment and Human Development, 4, 230-242.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wiggins, J. S. (1996). An informal history of the interpersonal circumplex tradition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 217-233.zh_TW