1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Foreign Languages and Literature
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 The Three Perspectives on Nature in Geoffrey Chaucer`s The Parlement of Foules
喬塞《眾鳥之會》一詩中對於自然的三種觀點
作者 黃駿捷
Huang,Chun-chieh
貢獻者 王心玲
Wang,Hsin-ling
黃駿捷
Huang,Chun-chieh
關鍵詞 傑弗瑞．喬塞
眾鳥之會
自然
十四世紀英國文學
中古英文
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Parlement of Foules
Nature
The Fourteenth-Century British Literature
Middle English
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 16:19:51 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇碩士論文的寫作目的在於用系統化的方法來分析距今六百二十多年前傑福瑞．喬塞的«眾鳥之會»一詩中對於自然的這個概念的三種不同層面的透視觀點 本詩在文本的分類上屬於夢幻愛情詩 乃是詩人藉著夢境來傳達愛情的神秘和象徵的意涵 本文中所謂自然的觀點就是指人類如何理解及認知這個外在自然的世界 身為自然的一份子 人類觀察了外界環境並企圖要了解這個世界 這樣的認知包含了神話 傳奇 及古典時期的學術研究 在文學的世界中 詩人在文本中創造了一個奇幻的世界 由奇異的時空 充滿想像力的動植物的再現 以及富有愛與性的原始力量的自然神祇 這是人文主義式的世界架構 而其世界的中心乃是人類 而不是遙不可及的上帝 詩中人感受並享受著自然的美好 同時 他也察覺到自己和這個世界的存在 透過他的觀察 在文本中投射出一個他對於一個系統化層級分明的理想世界 在西洋中古時期的文學之中 對於自然的理解和感受的表達的確是個相對稀有的一個現像 所以本詩值得我們更深入的檢視與研究
本篇論文分為五大部份 第一章是序言 簡述作者生平 文本背景 歷代學者的研究心得 和本論文研究的主旨 第二章討論夢境中時間與空間的結構 分析夢境文學中常見的時間跳躍的現像 和對於中古花園的空間設計 第三章討論花園中的植物圈和動物圈 喬塞安置了許多種的動植物在花園中 這些草木鳥獸反映了中古時期的自然史和許多被他所引用的文獻 這些動植物都被賦與象徵性的意義 在第四章中 分析在黃銅神殿裡外的羅馬神祇 一有七個不同的神出現 直接或間接地提到 他們有愛與性的影響力 而性與愛使得自然中的生物得以生生不息 第五章是結論 整篇論文以 “自然之愛” 和 “愛的天性” 作結
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the three perspectives of nature in this poem. By definition, “perspective” means the way that objects appear smaller when they are further away and the way parallel lines appear to meet each other at a point in the distance. It, in the level of thought, means a particular way of considering something. In other words, it means a point of view. The perspective of nature is the way how human beings perceive the natural world. Human beings, as members of the whole nature, observe the environment and try to understand the world. Ancient people did not rely on science entirely; they used their cognition and imagination to form their knowledge of the world. It is mixed with mythology, folklore, legend, and classical academics. In literature, the writers create a world, which is full of nature deities, imaginative animals and plants in the fantastic space and time. This is a humanistic way to recognize the world whose center is man, not an abstract and remote God.
In this poem, the persona perceives and enjoys nature. He senses the existence of himself and nature. Through his senses, he projects a model of the world by setting nature deities, plants and animals in the methodized nature. It is rather a comparatively rare phenomenon in mediaeval literature. Even the persona of mediaeval literature is surrounded by nature, the writers are never or seldom aware of this fact. The writers and readers of mediaeval literature do not seem to care about much the beauty and pleasure of nature.
The thesis is divided into five parts. Chapter One is the introduction. Chapter Two discusses the structure of time and space. It will convey the concept of time and the design of the garden in the dream vision. Chapter Three discusses Flora and Fauna in the garden. Chaucer settles many kinds of plants and animals in the garden according to his knowledge from many sources. The plants and animals have symbolic meanings. The data shows us the cognition of nature people in the Middle Ages had. Chapter Four analyzes the Roman deities outside and inside the brass temple. There are seven gods and goddess of fertility in the background of the dream vision. All of them share the attributes of love and sex. They are divinized drives of live and the origin of the nature. Chapter Five is the conclusion.
參考文獻 Works Cited
Aesop. Aesop’s Fables. Trans. Laura Gibbs. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002.
Alighieri, Dante. The Portable Dante. Ed. Paolo Milano. London: Penguin, 1978.
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald A. Waldron eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. 4th ed. Exeter: U of Exeter Press, 2002.
Apuleius, Lucius. The Golden Ass. Trans. W. Adlington. Rev. S. Gaselee. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1958.
Attar, Farid Ud-din. The Conference of the Birds. Trans. Afkham Darbandi and Dick Davis. London: Penguin: 1984.
Backhouse, Janet. Medieval Birds in the Sherborne Missal. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2001.
Bennett, J. A. W. The Parlement of Foules: An Interpretation. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1965.
Benson, Larry D. “The Occasion of the Parliament of Fowls.” In The Wisdom of Poetry: Essays in Early English Literature in honor of Morton Bloomfield. Ed. Larry D. Benson and Siegfried Wenzel. Kalmazoo, MI: Medieval Institute P, 1982.
Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron: A New Translation. Eds. and trans. Mark Musa and Peter E. Bondanella. New York: Norton, 1977.
Boethius. The Consolation of Philosophy. Trans. W. V. Cooper. Ed. Israel Golancz. London: J. M. Dent, 1902.
Borroff, Marie trans. Pearl: A New Verse Translation. New York: Norton, 1977.
Braddy, Haldeen. Chaucer`s “Parlement of Foules” in Relation to Contemporary Events. 2nd ed. New York: Octagon, 1969.
Brewer, D. S. “Introduction.” Geoffrey Chaucer: “The Parlement of Foulys.” New York: Barnes, 1972.
---. An Introduction to Chaucer. New York: Longman, 1985.
Bronson, Bertrand H. “In Appreciation of Chaucer’s ‘Parliament of Foules’” University of California Publications in English, Vol. 3, No. 5. Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1935.
Cawley, A. C. “Chaucer`s Valentine: The Parlement of Foules.” Chaucer`s Mind and Art. Essays Old and New, No. 3. London: Oliver & Boyd, 1969.
Chaucer, Geoffrey. Troilus and Criseyde. Trans. Nevill Coghill. London: Penguin, 1971.
---. Love Visions. Trans. Brian Stone. London: Penguin, 1983.
---. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. David Wright. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986.
---. Chaucer’s Dream Poetry. Ed. Helen Phillips and Nick Navely. London: Longman, 1997.
Cirlot, J. E. A Dictionary of Symbols. Trans. Jack Sage. Taipei: Bookman, n. d.
Clemen, Wolfgang. Chaucer’s Early Poetry. Trans. C. A. M. Sym. London: Methuen, 1963.
Cotterell, Arthur. A Dictionary of World Mythology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986.
Cowgill, Bruce Kent. “The Parlement of Foules and the Body Politic.” Journal of
English and Germanic Philology 74 (1975): 315-35.
Davies, R. T. ed. Medieval English Lyrics. London: Faber, 1968.
Duckwroth, George E. ed. The Complete Roman Drama. Vol. 2. New York: Random, 1942.
Eldredge, Laurence. “Poetry and Philosophy in the Parlement of Foules.” Revue de l`Universite d`Ottawa 40 (1970): 441-59.
Emerson, Oliver Farrar. Chaucer Essay and Studies: A Selection from the Writings of Oliver Farrar Emerson (1860-1927). Cleveland, OH: Western Reserve UP, 1929.
Fulghum, Walter B., Jr. A Dictionary of Biblical Allusions in English Literature. Taipei: Bookman, n. d.
Fyler, John M. Chaucer and Ovid. London: Yale UP, 1979.
Giffin, Mary. Studies on Chaucer and His Audience. Hull, PQ: L’Éclair, 1956.
Gower, John. Selected Poetry. Ed. Carole Weinberg. Manchester, Eng.: Carcanet, 1983.
Grudin, Michaela Paasche. Chaucer and the Politics of Discourse. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 1996.
Hehl, Dieter. Geoffrey Chaucer: An Introduction to His Narrative Poetry. Cambridge: UP of Cambridge, 1986.
Hermann, John P. and John J. Burke, Jr. eds. Signs and Symbols in Chaucer’s Poetry. University, AL: The U of Alabama P, 1981.
Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Andrew Lang, Walter Leaf, and Ernest Myers. New York: Grolier, n.d.
Hussey, S. S. Chaucer: An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1981.
Jordan, Robert M. “The Question of Unity and the Parlement of Foules.” English Studies in Canada 3 (1977): 373-85.
---. Chaucer’s Poetics and the Modern Reader. Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1987.
Kean, P[atricia] M[argaret]. Chaucer and the Making of English Poetry. London: Routledge, 1982.
Kearney, J. A. “The Parliament of Fowls: The Narrator, the ‘Certyn Thyng’, and the ‘Commune Profyt’.” Theoria 45 (1975): 55-71.
Knight, Stephen. Geoffrey Chaucer. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
Kreisler, Nicholai von. “The Locus Amoenus and Eschatological Love in the Parliament of Fowls, 204-10.” Philological Quarterly 50 (1971): 16-22.
Langland, William. Will’s Vision of Piers Plowman. Trans. E[thelbert] Talbot Donaldson. Eds. Elizabeth D. Kirk and Judith H. Anderson. New York: Norton, 1990.
Lille, Alain de. The Complaint of Nature. Trans. D. M. Moffat. Hamden, CT: Archon, 1972.
Lorris, Guillaume de, and Jean de Meun. The Romance of the Rose. Trans. Frances Horgan. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.
Lumiansky, R. M. “Chaucer`s Parlement of Foules: A Philosophical Interpretation.” Review of English Studies 24 (1948): 81-9.
Luria, Maxwell S. and Richard L[ester] Hoffman eds. Middle English Lyrics. New York: Norton, 1974.
Malory, Thomas. Tales of King Arthur. Ed. Michael Senior. New York: Schocken, 1981.
McCall, John P. “The Harmony of Chaucer`s Parliament.” Chaucer Review 5 (1970): 22-31.
---. Chaucer Among the Gods. N.p.: The Pennsylvania State U, 1979.
McDonald, Charles O. “An Interpretation of Chaucer`s Parlement of Foules.” Speculum 30 (1955): 444-57.
Minnis, A[astair] J., V. J. Scattergood, and J. J. Smith. Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Shorter Poems. Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings. Eds. and trans. Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.
Norwich, Julian of. The Revelation of Divine Love in Sixteen Showings Made to Dame Julian of Norwich. Ed. M. L. del Mastro. Liguori, MO: Triumph, 1994.
Olson, Paul A. “The Parlement of Foules: Aristotle`s Politics and the Foundations of Human Society.” Studies in the Age of Chaucer 2 (1980): 53-69.
Ovid. Ovid’s Fasti. Trans. James George Frazer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1959.
---. Metamorphoses. Trans. A. D. Melville. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986.
Parker, W. H. trans. and ed. Priapea: Poems for A Phallic God. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
Pelen, Marc M. “Form and Meaning of the Old French Love Vision: The Fableau dou Dieu d`Amors and Chaucer`s Parliament of Fowls.” Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 9 (1979): 277-305.
Polzella, Marion L. “‘The Craft So Long to Lerne’: Poet and Lover in Chaucer`s Envoy to Scogan and Parliament of Fowls.” Chaucer Review 10 (1976): 279-86.
Quilligan, Maureen. “Allegory, Allegoresis, and the Deallegorization of Language: The Roman de la Rose, the De Planctu Naturae, and the Parlement of Foules.” Allegory, Myth, and Symbol. Ed. Morton W. Bloomfield. Harvard English Studies, No. 9. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1981.
Richlin, Amy. The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor. Rev. ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.
Richmond, Velma Bourgeois. Geoffrey Chaucer. New York: Continuum, 1992.
Rothschild, Victoria. “The Parliament of Fowls: Chaucer`s Mirror up to Nature?” Review of English Studies 35 (1984): 164-84.
Rowland, Beryl. Blind Beasts: Chaucer’s Animal World. Kent, OH: The Kent State UP, 1971.
---. Companion to Chaucer Studies. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979.
Schless, Howard H. Chaucer and Dante: A Revaluation. Norman, OK: Pilgrim, 1984.
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York: Norton, 1963.
Smith, Francis J. “Mirth and Marriage in the Parlement of Foules.” Ball State University Forum 14, No. 1 (1973): 15-22.
Spenser, Edmund. Edmund Spenser’s Poetry. Ed. Hugh Maclean. New York: Norton, 1968.
Tatlock, J. S. P. The Mind and Art of Chaucer. New York: Gordian, 1966.
Tinkle, Theresa. Medieval Venuses and Cupids: Sexuality, Hermeneutics, and English Poetry. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1996.
Troyes, Chrétien de. Arthurian Romances. Trans. D. D. R. Owen. London: J. M. Dent, 1993.
West, M[artin] L[itchfield] trans. Greek Lyric Poetry. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.
Zimmerman, J. E. Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Taipei: Bookman, 1996.
Zuylen, Gabrielle van. Tous les Jardins du Monde. N. p.: Gallimard, 1994.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
90551016
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0905510162
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王心玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wang,Hsin-lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃駿捷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang,Chun-chiehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃駿捷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang,Chun-chiehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 16:19:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 16:19:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 16:19:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0905510162en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33344-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90551016zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇碩士論文的寫作目的在於用系統化的方法來分析距今六百二十多年前傑福瑞．喬塞的«眾鳥之會»一詩中對於自然的這個概念的三種不同層面的透視觀點 本詩在文本的分類上屬於夢幻愛情詩 乃是詩人藉著夢境來傳達愛情的神秘和象徵的意涵 本文中所謂自然的觀點就是指人類如何理解及認知這個外在自然的世界 身為自然的一份子 人類觀察了外界環境並企圖要了解這個世界 這樣的認知包含了神話 傳奇 及古典時期的學術研究 在文學的世界中 詩人在文本中創造了一個奇幻的世界 由奇異的時空 充滿想像力的動植物的再現 以及富有愛與性的原始力量的自然神祇 這是人文主義式的世界架構 而其世界的中心乃是人類 而不是遙不可及的上帝 詩中人感受並享受著自然的美好 同時 他也察覺到自己和這個世界的存在 透過他的觀察 在文本中投射出一個他對於一個系統化層級分明的理想世界 在西洋中古時期的文學之中 對於自然的理解和感受的表達的確是個相對稀有的一個現像 所以本詩值得我們更深入的檢視與研究
本篇論文分為五大部份 第一章是序言 簡述作者生平 文本背景 歷代學者的研究心得 和本論文研究的主旨 第二章討論夢境中時間與空間的結構 分析夢境文學中常見的時間跳躍的現像 和對於中古花園的空間設計 第三章討論花園中的植物圈和動物圈 喬塞安置了許多種的動植物在花園中 這些草木鳥獸反映了中古時期的自然史和許多被他所引用的文獻 這些動植物都被賦與象徵性的意義 在第四章中 分析在黃銅神殿裡外的羅馬神祇 一有七個不同的神出現 直接或間接地提到 他們有愛與性的影響力 而性與愛使得自然中的生物得以生生不息 第五章是結論 整篇論文以 “自然之愛” 和 “愛的天性” 作結		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The objective of this thesis is to analyze the three perspectives of nature in this poem. By definition, “perspective” means the way that objects appear smaller when they are further away and the way parallel lines appear to meet each other at a point in the distance. It, in the level of thought, means a particular way of considering something. In other words, it means a point of view. The perspective of nature is the way how human beings perceive the natural world. Human beings, as members of the whole nature, observe the environment and try to understand the world. Ancient people did not rely on science entirely; they used their cognition and imagination to form their knowledge of the world. It is mixed with mythology, folklore, legend, and classical academics. In literature, the writers create a world, which is full of nature deities, imaginative animals and plants in the fantastic space and time. This is a humanistic way to recognize the world whose center is man, not an abstract and remote God.
In this poem, the persona perceives and enjoys nature. He senses the existence of himself and nature. Through his senses, he projects a model of the world by setting nature deities, plants and animals in the methodized nature. It is rather a comparatively rare phenomenon in mediaeval literature. Even the persona of mediaeval literature is surrounded by nature, the writers are never or seldom aware of this fact. The writers and readers of mediaeval literature do not seem to care about much the beauty and pleasure of nature.
The thesis is divided into five parts. Chapter One is the introduction. Chapter Two discusses the structure of time and space. It will convey the concept of time and the design of the garden in the dream vision. Chapter Three discusses Flora and Fauna in the garden. Chaucer settles many kinds of plants and animals in the garden according to his knowledge from many sources. The plants and animals have symbolic meanings. The data shows us the cognition of nature people in the Middle Ages had. Chapter Four analyzes the Roman deities outside and inside the brass temple. There are seven gods and goddess of fertility in the background of the dream vision. All of them share the attributes of love and sex. They are divinized drives of live and the origin of the nature. Chapter Five is the conclusion.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements..............................................iv
Chinese Abstract..............................................vi
English Abstract.............................................vii

Chapter
I.Introduction................................................01
II.Time and Space: The Natural Environment in Dream Vision....12
III.Flora and Fauna: The Symbols of Nature in the Garden......33
IV.Love and Sex: The Nature Deities in/outside the Temple.....59
V.Conclusion..................................................85

Appendixes
I.Dream Vision in Literature..................................90
II.The Martyred Lovers........................................91

Works Cited...................................................96

Biographical Sketch..........................................103		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 13944 bytes-
dc.format.extent 14090 bytes-
dc.format.extent 14290 bytes-
dc.format.extent 15608 bytes-
dc.format.extent 13957 bytes-
dc.format.extent 14516 bytes-
dc.format.extent 44405 bytes-
dc.format.extent 63876 bytes-
dc.format.extent 78483 bytes-
dc.format.extent 80761 bytes-
dc.format.extent 26031 bytes-
dc.format.extent 17546 bytes-
dc.format.extent 25090 bytes-
dc.format.extent 30499 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0905510162en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 傑弗瑞．喬塞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 眾鳥之會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自然zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 十四世紀英國文學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中古英文zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Geoffrey Chauceren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Parlement of Foulesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Natureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Fourteenth-Century British Literatureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Middle Englishen_US
dc.title (題名) The Three Perspectives on Nature in Geoffrey Chaucer`s The Parlement of Fouleszh_TW
dc.title (題名) 喬塞《眾鳥之會》一詩中對於自然的三種觀點zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works Citedzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aesop. Aesop’s Fables. Trans. Laura Gibbs. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alighieri, Dante. The Portable Dante. Ed. Paolo Milano. London: Penguin, 1978.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald A. Waldron eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. 4th ed. Exeter: U of Exeter Press, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Apuleius, Lucius. The Golden Ass. Trans. W. Adlington. Rev. S. Gaselee. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1958.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Attar, Farid Ud-din. The Conference of the Birds. Trans. Afkham Darbandi and Dick Davis. London: Penguin: 1984.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Backhouse, Janet. Medieval Birds in the Sherborne Missal. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, J. A. W. The Parlement of Foules: An Interpretation. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1965.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benson, Larry D. “The Occasion of the Parliament of Fowls.” In The Wisdom of Poetry: Essays in Early English Literature in honor of Morton Bloomfield. Ed. Larry D. Benson and Siegfried Wenzel. Kalmazoo, MI: Medieval Institute P, 1982.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron: A New Translation. Eds. and trans. Mark Musa and Peter E. Bondanella. New York: Norton, 1977.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boethius. The Consolation of Philosophy. Trans. W. V. Cooper. Ed. Israel Golancz. London: J. M. Dent, 1902.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Borroff, Marie trans. Pearl: A New Verse Translation. New York: Norton, 1977.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Braddy, Haldeen. Chaucer`s “Parlement of Foules” in Relation to Contemporary Events. 2nd ed. New York: Octagon, 1969.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brewer, D. S. “Introduction.” Geoffrey Chaucer: “The Parlement of Foulys.” New York: Barnes, 1972.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. An Introduction to Chaucer. New York: Longman, 1985.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bronson, Bertrand H. “In Appreciation of Chaucer’s ‘Parliament of Foules’” University of California Publications in English, Vol. 3, No. 5. Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1935.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cawley, A. C. “Chaucer`s Valentine: The Parlement of Foules.” Chaucer`s Mind and Art. Essays Old and New, No. 3. London: Oliver & Boyd, 1969.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chaucer, Geoffrey. Troilus and Criseyde. Trans. Nevill Coghill. London: Penguin, 1971.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. Love Visions. Trans. Brian Stone. London: Penguin, 1983.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. David Wright. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. Chaucer’s Dream Poetry. Ed. Helen Phillips and Nick Navely. London: Longman, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cirlot, J. E. A Dictionary of Symbols. Trans. Jack Sage. Taipei: Bookman, n. d.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clemen, Wolfgang. Chaucer’s Early Poetry. Trans. C. A. M. Sym. London: Methuen, 1963.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cotterell, Arthur. A Dictionary of World Mythology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cowgill, Bruce Kent. “The Parlement of Foules and the Body Politic.” Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) English and Germanic Philology 74 (1975): 315-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davies, R. T. ed. Medieval English Lyrics. London: Faber, 1968.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duckwroth, George E. ed. The Complete Roman Drama. Vol. 2. New York: Random, 1942.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eldredge, Laurence. “Poetry and Philosophy in the Parlement of Foules.” Revue de l`Universite d`Ottawa 40 (1970): 441-59.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Emerson, Oliver Farrar. Chaucer Essay and Studies: A Selection from the Writings of Oliver Farrar Emerson (1860-1927). Cleveland, OH: Western Reserve UP, 1929.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fulghum, Walter B., Jr. A Dictionary of Biblical Allusions in English Literature. Taipei: Bookman, n. d.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fyler, John M. Chaucer and Ovid. London: Yale UP, 1979.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Giffin, Mary. Studies on Chaucer and His Audience. Hull, PQ: L’Éclair, 1956.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gower, John. Selected Poetry. Ed. Carole Weinberg. Manchester, Eng.: Carcanet, 1983.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grudin, Michaela Paasche. Chaucer and the Politics of Discourse. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hehl, Dieter. Geoffrey Chaucer: An Introduction to His Narrative Poetry. Cambridge: UP of Cambridge, 1986.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hermann, John P. and John J. Burke, Jr. eds. Signs and Symbols in Chaucer’s Poetry. University, AL: The U of Alabama P, 1981.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Andrew Lang, Walter Leaf, and Ernest Myers. New York: Grolier, n.d.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hussey, S. S. Chaucer: An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1981.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jordan, Robert M. “The Question of Unity and the Parlement of Foules.” English Studies in Canada 3 (1977): 373-85.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. Chaucer’s Poetics and the Modern Reader. Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1987.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kean, P[atricia] M[argaret]. Chaucer and the Making of English Poetry. London: Routledge, 1982.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kearney, J. A. “The Parliament of Fowls: The Narrator, the ‘Certyn Thyng’, and the ‘Commune Profyt’.” Theoria 45 (1975): 55-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Knight, Stephen. Geoffrey Chaucer. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kreisler, Nicholai von. “The Locus Amoenus and Eschatological Love in the Parliament of Fowls, 204-10.” Philological Quarterly 50 (1971): 16-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Langland, William. Will’s Vision of Piers Plowman. Trans. E[thelbert] Talbot Donaldson. Eds. Elizabeth D. Kirk and Judith H. Anderson. New York: Norton, 1990.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lille, Alain de. The Complaint of Nature. Trans. D. M. Moffat. Hamden, CT: Archon, 1972.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lorris, Guillaume de, and Jean de Meun. The Romance of the Rose. Trans. Frances Horgan. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lumiansky, R. M. “Chaucer`s Parlement of Foules: A Philosophical Interpretation.” Review of English Studies 24 (1948): 81-9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Luria, Maxwell S. and Richard L[ester] Hoffman eds. Middle English Lyrics. New York: Norton, 1974.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Malory, Thomas. Tales of King Arthur. Ed. Michael Senior. New York: Schocken, 1981.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCall, John P. “The Harmony of Chaucer`s Parliament.” Chaucer Review 5 (1970): 22-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. Chaucer Among the Gods. N.p.: The Pennsylvania State U, 1979.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McDonald, Charles O. “An Interpretation of Chaucer`s Parlement of Foules.” Speculum 30 (1955): 444-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Minnis, A[astair] J., V. J. Scattergood, and J. J. Smith. Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Shorter Poems. Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings. Eds. and trans. Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Norwich, Julian of. The Revelation of Divine Love in Sixteen Showings Made to Dame Julian of Norwich. Ed. M. L. del Mastro. Liguori, MO: Triumph, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Olson, Paul A. “The Parlement of Foules: Aristotle`s Politics and the Foundations of Human Society.” Studies in the Age of Chaucer 2 (1980): 53-69.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ovid. Ovid’s Fasti. Trans. James George Frazer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1959.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. Metamorphoses. Trans. A. D. Melville. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Parker, W. H. trans. and ed. Priapea: Poems for A Phallic God. London: Croom Helm, 1988.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pelen, Marc M. “Form and Meaning of the Old French Love Vision: The Fableau dou Dieu d`Amors and Chaucer`s Parliament of Fowls.” Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 9 (1979): 277-305.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Polzella, Marion L. “‘The Craft So Long to Lerne’: Poet and Lover in Chaucer`s Envoy to Scogan and Parliament of Fowls.” Chaucer Review 10 (1976): 279-86.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Quilligan, Maureen. “Allegory, Allegoresis, and the Deallegorization of Language: The Roman de la Rose, the De Planctu Naturae, and the Parlement of Foules.” Allegory, Myth, and Symbol. Ed. Morton W. Bloomfield. Harvard English Studies, No. 9. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1981.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richlin, Amy. The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor. Rev. ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richmond, Velma Bourgeois. Geoffrey Chaucer. New York: Continuum, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rothschild, Victoria. “The Parliament of Fowls: Chaucer`s Mirror up to Nature?” Review of English Studies 35 (1984): 164-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rowland, Beryl. Blind Beasts: Chaucer’s Animal World. Kent, OH: The Kent State UP, 1971.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. Companion to Chaucer Studies. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schless, Howard H. Chaucer and Dante: A Revaluation. Norman, OK: Pilgrim, 1984.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York: Norton, 1963.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smith, Francis J. “Mirth and Marriage in the Parlement of Foules.” Ball State University Forum 14, No. 1 (1973): 15-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Spenser, Edmund. Edmund Spenser’s Poetry. Ed. Hugh Maclean. New York: Norton, 1968.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tatlock, J. S. P. The Mind and Art of Chaucer. New York: Gordian, 1966.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tinkle, Theresa. Medieval Venuses and Cupids: Sexuality, Hermeneutics, and English Poetry. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Troyes, Chrétien de. Arthurian Romances. Trans. D. D. R. Owen. London: J. M. Dent, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) West, M[artin] L[itchfield] trans. Greek Lyric Poetry. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zimmerman, J. E. Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Taipei: Bookman, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zuylen, Gabrielle van. Tous les Jardins du Monde. N. p.: Gallimard, 1994.zh_TW