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題名 國際能源安全之研究—以美國石油安全政策涉足中亞油源為例
作者 許庭瑜
Hsu, Ting-Yu
貢獻者 林碧炤
Lin, Bin-Jaw
許庭瑜
Hsu, Ting-Yu
關鍵詞 非傳統安全
能源安全
美國能源安全
中亞
□海
Nontraditional Security
Energy Security
American Energy Security Policy
Central Asia
Caspian Sea
日期 2005
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 17:53:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文由新安全觀角度研究石油能源安全，由安全分析發現，任何影響石油供給的課題，都會成為安全議題的指涉對象；二戰結束後，因戰爭需求的石油使用動機轉變成為經濟發展的目的，因此經濟互動對能源安全的影響，加上自70年代末期後核能使用對環境破壞帶來的不確定性，更加重石油在能源市場的重要性，另一方面，環境議題的重視在90年代以來成為影響石油能源安全的重要「功能性行為者」，所以國際能源安全大致受到能源生產消費自身的限制、經濟發展與能源產業的互動，及環境管制的三面向的領域作用影響。

由區域安全分析的層次來看，資源蘊藏與地域分配有密切關係，在60年代後石油躍升成主要的能源來源，加上石油輸出國家組織的成立，使石油生產集中的情況更加明顯，面對政治夾雜經濟的複雜供需情況，使區域安全分析成為研究能源安全的重要途徑。本文以美國涉足中亞之石油能源安全為例發現，因為能源生產分配集中，使油氣產地對更具戰略意義，然政治因素仍是目前影響美國石油安全的重要變因，但經濟及環境發展在能源安全政策整體制定上仍是不可或缺的內涵。
The thesis is aimed to make the study of oil energy security in the viewpoint of new security concept. In the framework of security analysis, what may affect the oil security of supply will be possible to be the reference object of security agenda. And after the WW II, the purpose of oil using form the war fighting to economic development emphasize the importance between the energy security and economic interaction. With the environmental destruction uncertainties resulting from the nuclear using, the environmental issue became the main factor— the functional behavior within the framework of energy security analysis. Thus, international energy security is concerned by the aspects of the self-limitation of energy supplier, the interaction between the economic development and energy industries, and the environmental regulation.

We can reach the conclusion that there is the close relation between the energy resource and regional distribution with the regional level of security analysis. In 60s, oil raise to be the main global energy source, and phenomenon of oil production centralization became more obvious after the foundation of OPEC. Facing the situation mixed with the energy supply and demand because of the political and economic reasons, it is the best method to take the way of regional security analysis to make the study of energy security.

Besides, it concludes that the oil production place become more strategic as making the study of “American oil energy security policy set foot in Central Asia”. At the present time, political factor still ruling guides the American oil energy security; however, the environment development is indispensable in making the whole energy security policy.
參考文獻 一、英文資料
（一） 英文專書
Akiner, Shirin, The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security, N.Y.: Routledge Curzon, 2004.
Amirahmadai, Hooshang ed., The Caspian Region at a Crossroad, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.
Belgrave, Robert & Ebinger, Charles K. & Okino, Hideaki eds, Energy Security to 2000, Colorado:Boulder, 1987, chapter 1.
Buzan, Barry eds, Security: A New Framework of Analysis, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1997.
Buzan, Barry, An Introduction to Strategic Studies, London:Macmillan, 1987.
Buzan, Barry, People, States and Fear— An agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era , Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2nd edition, 1991.
Castle, Emery N. & Price, Kent A. eds, U.S Interests and Global Natural Resources—energy, minerals, food, Baltimore: The John Hopkins Press, 1983, chapter1, 4.
Croissant, Cynthia, Azerbalijan, Oil and Geopolitics, N.Y.: Nova Science Publisher, 1998.
Cummings, Sally N. ed., Oil Transition and Security in the Central Asia, N.Y.: Routledge Curzon.
Deagle, Edwin A., The future of the International Oil Market, N.Y.: Group of Thirty, 1983. chapter 1.
Dekmejian, R. Hrair & Simonian, Hovann H., Troubled Waters—The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd., 2001.
Desse, David A .& Nye, Joseph S. eds, Energy and Security, Ballinger Publishing Company, 1981, chapter1,3,4.
Downs, Erica Strecker, China’s Quest for Energy Security, Santa Monica, Calif. : Rand, 2000, chapter1.
Fried, Edward R. & Trezise, Philp H., Oil Security Retrospect and Prospect , Washington D. C.: The Brookings Institute, 1993, chapter 3.
Godement, Francois eds, Asia and Europe—Cooperating for Energy Security, Paris: Institute Francais des Relations Intenationales, 2004.
Gokay, Bulent ed, The Politics of Caspian Oil, N.Y.:GALGRAVE, 2001, Chapter 3.
Ikenberry, G. John, Reasons of State—Oil politics and capacities of American government, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Karagiannis, Emmanuel, Energy and Security in the Caucasus, N.Y.: Routledge Curzon, chapter1,2.
Karlsson, Svante, Oil and the world order, N.Y.: Berg Publishers Limited, 1986.
Klare, Michael T. & Chandrani, Yogesh eds, World Security—Challenges for A New Century, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 3rd edition, 1998, chapter 9.
Kozlov, V. Pominov(translated by Kochubeu, Igor), The World Energy Problem, Mosow: Progress Publishers, 1987.
Krasner, Stephen D., Defending the National Interest—Raw Material Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978.
Manning, Robert A., The Asian energy factor: myths and dilemmas of energy, security, and the Pacific future, New York : Palgrave, 2000, chapter 4.
Martin, William F., Maintaining Energy Security in a Global Context, N.Y.: The Trilateral Commission, 1996.
Mitchell, John V., The New Geopolitics of Energy, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1996.
Noreng, Oystein, Oil politics in the 1980s, The Council on Foreign Relations, 1978.
Nye, Joseph S. ed., Energy and security, Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub, 1981
OECD, World Energy Outlook to the Year 2010, International Energy Agency, 1993.
Romm, Joseph J., Defining National—The Nonmilitary Aspects, N.Y.: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993.
Romm, Joseph J., The once and future superpower—How to Restore America’s Economic, Energy, and Environmental Security, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company Inc., 1992.
Snyder, Craig A., Contemporary Security and Strategy, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Macmillan, 1999, chapter 1.
Thomas, Raju G. C. & Ramberg, Bennett eds, Energy and Security in the Industrializing World, The University Press of Kentucky, 1990, chapter 1.
Vietor, Richard H. K., Energy Policy in the America since 1945—A study of business-government relation, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Yetin, Steven A., Crude Awakenings—Global oil security and American Foreign policy, N.Y.:Cornell University Press, 2004.
（二） 英文期刊
Araque, Ali Rodriguez, “OPEC and the Geopolitics of the International Oil and Gas Industry”, OPEC Bulletin (May 2001).
Askari, Hossein, “Caspian Oil Development: The Sooner the better,” Business Economics ( April 2003).
Bahgat, Gawdat, “Oil security in the new millennium: Geo-economy vs. Geo-strategy”, Strategic Review (Fall 1998).
Bahgat, Gawdat,” Pipeline Diplomacy: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Sea Region,” International Studies Perspectives, 2002(3).
Bahgat, Gawdat,” United States Energy Security”, The Journal of Social, Politics, and Economic Studies, Vol. 26, No.3, (Fall 2001).
Baldwin, David, “The Concept of Security,” International Security 23 (1997).
Baldwin, David, “Security studies and the end of the cold war”, World Politics 48 (Oct. 1995).
Betts, Richard K., “Should Strategic Studies Survive?” World Politics 50(Oct. 1997).
Birol, Faith & Malyshev, Tersa, “Global Enrergy—New realities, new challenges”, The OECD Observer (May 2002).
Carter, Jimmy, “The President’s Proposal Energy Policy”, Vital Speeches of the Day, Vol. 24, No. 14 (May 1 , 1977).
Chalker, James, “Energy Security , Manageing Risk in a Dynamic Legal and Regulatory Enviornment (Book Riview)”, The Energy Journal, Vol. 26, No.3, 2005.
Cutler, Robert M., “The Caspian Energy Conundrum,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol.56, No.2, Spring 2003.
Dannreuther, Roland, The Gulf Conflict: A politics and strategic analysis, ADEPHI PAPERS 264, Winter 1991/92.
Deese, David A., ”Energy: Economics, Politics, and Security”, International Security, Vol.14, Iss.3,(Winter 1979-1980).
Edward, Morse, “The Battle for Energy Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.81, Issue 2, (Mar/Apr 2002).
Flavin, Christopher & Dunn, Seth, “A New Energy Paradigm for the 21th Century” Journal of International Affairs, Vol.53, No.1 (Fall 1993).
Forsythe, Rosemarie, “The Politics of Oil in the Caucasus and Central Asia,” ADELPHI Paper 300.
Greene, David L., “Economic Scarcity”, Harvard International Review, Vol.19, Issue 3 (Summer 1997).
Jaffe, Amy Myers & Manning, Robert A., “The Myth of the Caspian ‘Great Game’: The Real Geopolitics of Energy,” Survival (Winter 1998/1999).
Jaffe, Amy Myers & Manning, Robert A., “The Shock of a World of Cheap Oil”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.79, No.7 (Jan/Feb 2000).
Joskow, Paul L., “United States Energy Policy during the 1990s”, Current History, Vol.101, No.653, (March 2002).
Kalichi, Jan H., “Caspian Energy at the Crossroads,” Foreign Affairs (Sepember/October 2001).
Kemp, Geoffrey, “The Persian Gulf Remains Strategic Prize”, Survival, Vol.40, No. 4, (Winter1998/1999).
Klare, Michael T., “The New Geography of Conflict,” Foreign Affairs, Vol.80, Iss. 3, (May-June 200l).
Klare, Michael T.,”The Deadly Nexus:Oil, Terrorism, and America’s National Security”, Current History, Vol.101, No.659, (Dec. 2002).
LaCasse, Chantale & Andre’ Plourde, “On the Renewal of Concern for the Security of Oil Supply”, The Energy Journal , Vol.16, No.5 (1995).
Lieber, Robert J., “Oil and Power After the Gulf War,” International Security, Vol.17, No.1 (1992).
Maugeri, Leonardo , “Not in Oil’s Name”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 82, Issue4 (July/August 2003).
Morse, Edward L., “A New Political Economy of Oil”, Journal of International Affairs, Vol.53, No.1, (Fall 1993).
O’Brien, Dennis, “Mightier than the Sword”, Harvard International Review, Vol.19, Issue 3, (Summer 1997).
Reardon, Jack, “An Institutionalist Critique of Bush Administration’s Energy Policy”, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 38, No.32 (June 2004).
Taton, John A., “Are There Useful Lessons from the 1900-1991 Oil Price Shock”, The Energy Journal, Vol.14, No.4 (1993).
（三） 研討會文章
Lapidus, Gail W., “Central Asia in Russian and American Foreign Policy after September 11, 2001,” presented in the panel “Central Asia and Russia: Response to the war on terrorism” held in UC Berkley on October 29, 2001.
（四） 政府出版品
National Energy Policy Development Group, National Energy Policy —Reiable, Affordable, and Environmentally Sound Energy for America’s Future, Washington D.C: U.S Government Printing Office, 2001.
United States Senate, Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, Multinational Oil Corporations and U.S. Foreign Policy - REPORT together with individual views, to the Committee on Foreign Relations, Washington D.C: U.S Government Printing Office,1975.
二、中文資料
（一） 中文專書
中國現代國際關係研究院經濟安全研究中心，「全球能源大棋局」，北京：時事出版社，2005年1月。
王逸舟主編，「全球化時代的國際安全」，上海：人民，1999。
安尼瓦爾．阿木提與張勝旺主編，「石油與國家安全」，烏魯木齊：新疆人民出版社，2003年12月。
林丕旭譯（國際能源總署IEA 著），「世界能源展望」，經濟部能源委員會，民國72年10月，第五章。
朱寧譯(Barry Buzan eds,)，「新安全論」(Security: A New Framework of Analysis)，杭州：浙江人民出版社，2003年2月。
徐小杰，「新世紀的油氣地緣政治— 中國面臨的機遇與挑戰」，北京：社會科學文獻出版社，1998。
唐昀，「大搏殺—世紀石油之爭」，北京：世界知識出版社，2004年6月。
許志義等，「我國、日本與美國能源政策及其成效之比較研究」，行政院研究發展考核委員會，民國84年9月。
陸忠偉，「非傳統安全論」，北京：時事出版社，2003年11月。
童新耕譯（Michael T. Klare 著），「資源戰爭：全球衝突的新場景（Resource War）」，上海：上海譯文出版社，2002年。
黃秋龍，「非傳統安全的理論與實踐」，臺北：法務部調查局，2004年6月。
叢鵬主編，「大國安全觀比較」，北京：時事出版社，2004年7月。
（二） 中文期刊
李文志，「全球化對亞太安全理念的衝擊與重建：理論的初探」，『政治科學論叢』，第22期（民國93年12月）。
周煦，「美國的中東政策」，『美國月刊』，第5卷，第8期（民國79年12月）。
孫永祥，「能源安全與裡海盆地：利益、威脅及中國政策回應」，『國際經濟合作』，1999年第2期。
趙志凌，「美國的新石油政策」，『美國月刊』，第6卷，第4期（民國80年4月）。
陳芃，「看數字在說話--國際能源供需的情勢(上) 」，『能源報導』，2004年5月。
董瑞麒，「第一次石油危機後消費國之應變措施—石油發展專題之五」，『問題與研究』，第21卷，第6期（民國71年3月）。
董瑞麒，「第一次石油危機的成因與經過—石油發展專題之四」，『問題與研究』，第21卷，第5期（民國71年2月）。
董瑞麒，「第一次石油危機的成因與經過」，『問題與研究』，第21卷，第5期（民國71年2月）。
董瑞麒，「戰後世界石油市場結構之變化—石油發展專題研究之三」，第21卷，第2期（民國70年11月）。
董瑞麒，「戰後美國石油產銷制度之形成與影響—石油發展專題研之二」，第20卷，第12期（民國70年9月）。
董瑞琪，「國際石油壟斷制度之形成—石油發展專題之一」，『問題與研究』，第二卷，第十期 (民國70年7月)。
董瑞麒，「石油與兩伊戰爭」，『問題與研究』，第20卷，第2期（民國69年11月）。
鄒念祖，「美國府會對波灣用兵的爭議與共識」，『問題與研究』，第30卷，第6期（民國80年6月）。
蕭慕俊，「石油產業的合併風潮」，『能源追蹤』，2005年5月。
（三） 政府出版品
行政院經濟建設委員會經濟研究處，「世界能源供需與各國能源政策」，民國72年12月。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，「各國能源政策與措施」，民國71年5月。
行政院經濟設計委員會經濟研究處，「國際石油價格問題與能源政策」，民國66年11月。
行政院經濟設計委員會經濟研究處，「世界能源問題之本質及其對策」，民國64年1月。
三、網路資料
Azerbaijan International http://www.azer.com/
大英線上 http://wordpedia.eb.com/
中華民國經濟部能源局，http://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/
美國能源總署資訊局 (U.S. Energy Information Administration) http://www.eia.doe.gov/
經濟合作開發組織 (OECD) http://www.opec.org
石油國家輸出組織(OPEC) http://www.oecd.org
英國石油公司(BP) www.bp.com
國際能源總署(IEA) www.iea.org.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
92253008
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530081
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林碧炤zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Bin-Jawen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 許庭瑜zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Hsu, Ting-Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 許庭瑜zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Ting-Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 17:53:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 17:53:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 17:53:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0922530081en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33694-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92253008zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文由新安全觀角度研究石油能源安全，由安全分析發現，任何影響石油供給的課題，都會成為安全議題的指涉對象；二戰結束後，因戰爭需求的石油使用動機轉變成為經濟發展的目的，因此經濟互動對能源安全的影響，加上自70年代末期後核能使用對環境破壞帶來的不確定性，更加重石油在能源市場的重要性，另一方面，環境議題的重視在90年代以來成為影響石油能源安全的重要「功能性行為者」，所以國際能源安全大致受到能源生產消費自身的限制、經濟發展與能源產業的互動，及環境管制的三面向的領域作用影響。

由區域安全分析的層次來看，資源蘊藏與地域分配有密切關係，在60年代後石油躍升成主要的能源來源，加上石油輸出國家組織的成立，使石油生產集中的情況更加明顯，面對政治夾雜經濟的複雜供需情況，使區域安全分析成為研究能源安全的重要途徑。本文以美國涉足中亞之石油能源安全為例發現，因為能源生產分配集中，使油氣產地對更具戰略意義，然政治因素仍是目前影響美國石油安全的重要變因，但經濟及環境發展在能源安全政策整體制定上仍是不可或缺的內涵。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The thesis is aimed to make the study of oil energy security in the viewpoint of new security concept. In the framework of security analysis, what may affect the oil security of supply will be possible to be the reference object of security agenda. And after the WW II, the purpose of oil using form the war fighting to economic development emphasize the importance between the energy security and economic interaction. With the environmental destruction uncertainties resulting from the nuclear using, the environmental issue became the main factor— the functional behavior within the framework of energy security analysis. Thus, international energy security is concerned by the aspects of the self-limitation of energy supplier, the interaction between the economic development and energy industries, and the environmental regulation.

We can reach the conclusion that there is the close relation between the energy resource and regional distribution with the regional level of security analysis. In 60s, oil raise to be the main global energy source, and phenomenon of oil production centralization became more obvious after the foundation of OPEC. Facing the situation mixed with the energy supply and demand because of the political and economic reasons, it is the best method to take the way of regional security analysis to make the study of energy security.

Besides, it concludes that the oil production place become more strategic as making the study of “American oil energy security policy set foot in Central Asia”. At the present time, political factor still ruling guides the American oil energy security; however, the environment development is indispensable in making the whole energy security policy.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 2

圖表目錄 4

第一章 緒論 5
一、研究動機 5
二、研究目的 7
三、研究範圍與限制 7
四、文獻探討 9
五、研究方法 13
六、研究架構 13

第二章 傳統安全觀與新安全觀 17
一、前言 17
二、「安全」的定義 18
三、傳統安全觀 19
四、新安全觀 22
五、新安全研究取向 25
六、小結 31

第三章 非傳統安全中能源安全 33
一、能源安全定義 33
二、能源安全中的石油因素 40
三、全球石油產量分配狀態 47
四、全球石油消費狀態 52
五、小結 56

第四章 美國石油安全政策 58
一、前言 58
二、第二次世界大戰前的美國石油安全政策 60
（一）美國早期石油工業發展情況 61
（二）第二次世界大戰前美國對外開拓新油源策略 62
三、第二次世界大戰結束到第一次能源危機期間美國石油安全政策 66
（一）第二次世界大戰結束至第一次能源危機間美國石油生產與消費狀況 66
（二）國際石油公司在中東地區石油開發與美國石油能源安全關係 69
（三）石油輸出國家組織的成立對美國石油安全政策影響 70
四、第一次能源危機發生到第二次能源危機美國石油安全政策的轉變 73
（一）石油輸出國家組織禁運措施對美國石油安全造成的衝擊 74
（二）美國因應能源危機所採取的石油安全政策 77
五、第二次能源危機到波灣戰爭爆發期間美國的石油安全政策 82
（一）因應第二次能源危機美國石油安全政策持續擴大 82
（二）80年代油價回穩對美國石油安全政策的影響 84
（三）波灣戰爭發生對美國能源安全政策的影響 85
六、90年代後美國石油安全政策 88
（一）老布希(George H. W. Bush)政府時期的美國石油能源政策 88
（二）柯林頓(Bill Cliton)時期美國石油能源政策 89
（三）小布希(George W. Bush) 時期美國石油能源安全政策 91
七、小結 92

第五章 美國在中亞地區石油安全政策 97
一、前言 97
二、中亞地區石油開發狀況 98
三、 美國對中亞地區外交政策 108
（一）冷戰前蘇聯對中亞地區的統治 109
（二）冷戰結束後美國開始與中亞建立正常關係 110
四、美國對中亞地區石油能源安全政策的發展 116
五、小結 125

第六章 結論 128

第七章 參考文獻 139
一、英文資料 139
二、中文資料 145
三、網路資料 147		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530081en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非傳統安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國能源安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中亞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) □海zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nontraditional Securityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Energy Securityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) American Energy Security Policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Central Asiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Caspian Seaen_US
dc.title (題名) 國際能源安全之研究—以美國石油安全政策涉足中亞油源為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、英文資料zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （二） 英文期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Araque, Ali Rodriguez, “OPEC and the Geopolitics of the International Oil and Gas Industry”, OPEC Bulletin (May 2001).zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lapidus, Gail W., “Central Asia in Russian and American Foreign Policy after September 11, 2001,” presented in the panel “Central Asia and Russia: Response to the war on terrorism” held in UC Berkley on October 29, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （四） 政府出版品zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) National Energy Policy Development Group, National Energy Policy —Reiable, Affordable, and Environmentally Sound Energy for America’s Future, Washington D.C: U.S Government Printing Office, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) United States Senate, Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, Multinational Oil Corporations and U.S. Foreign Policy - REPORT together with individual views, to the Committee on Foreign Relations, Washington D.C: U.S Government Printing Office,1975.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、中文資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （一） 中文專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國現代國際關係研究院經濟安全研究中心，「全球能源大棋局」，北京：時事出版社，2005年1月。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林丕旭譯（國際能源總署IEA 著），「世界能源展望」，經濟部能源委員會，民國72年10月，第五章。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許志義等，「我國、日本與美國能源政策及其成效之比較研究」，行政院研究發展考核委員會，民國84年9月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陸忠偉，「非傳統安全論」，北京：時事出版社，2003年11月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 童新耕譯（Michael T. Klare 著），「資源戰爭：全球衝突的新場景（Resource War）」，上海：上海譯文出版社，2002年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃秋龍，「非傳統安全的理論與實踐」，臺北：法務部調查局，2004年6月。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （二） 中文期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李文志，「全球化對亞太安全理念的衝擊與重建：理論的初探」，『政治科學論叢』，第22期（民國93年12月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周煦，「美國的中東政策」，『美國月刊』，第5卷，第8期（民國79年12月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫永祥，「能源安全與裡海盆地：利益、威脅及中國政策回應」，『國際經濟合作』，1999年第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 趙志凌，「美國的新石油政策」，『美國月刊』，第6卷，第4期（民國80年4月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳芃，「看數字在說話--國際能源供需的情勢(上) 」，『能源報導』，2004年5月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞麒，「第一次石油危機後消費國之應變措施—石油發展專題之五」，『問題與研究』，第21卷，第6期（民國71年3月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞麒，「第一次石油危機的成因與經過—石油發展專題之四」，『問題與研究』，第21卷，第5期（民國71年2月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞麒，「第一次石油危機的成因與經過」，『問題與研究』，第21卷，第5期（民國71年2月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞麒，「戰後世界石油市場結構之變化—石油發展專題研究之三」，第21卷，第2期（民國70年11月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞麒，「戰後美國石油產銷制度之形成與影響—石油發展專題研之二」，第20卷，第12期（民國70年9月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞琪，「國際石油壟斷制度之形成—石油發展專題之一」，『問題與研究』，第二卷，第十期 (民國70年7月)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 董瑞麒，「石油與兩伊戰爭」，『問題與研究』，第20卷，第2期（民國69年11月）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄒念祖，「美國府會對波灣用兵的爭議與共識」，『問題與研究』，第30卷，第6期（民國80年6月）。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) （三） 政府出版品zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院經濟建設委員會經濟研究處，「世界能源供需與各國能源政策」，民國72年12月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院研究發展考核委員會，「各國能源政策與措施」，民國71年5月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院經濟設計委員會經濟研究處，「國際石油價格問題與能源政策」，民國66年11月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院經濟設計委員會經濟研究處，「世界能源問題之本質及其對策」，民國64年1月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、網路資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Azerbaijan International http://www.azer.com/zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中華民國經濟部能源局，http://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 美國能源總署資訊局 (U.S. Energy Information Administration) http://www.eia.doe.gov/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 經濟合作開發組織 (OECD) http://www.opec.orgzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 石油國家輸出組織(OPEC) http://www.oecd.orgzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英國石油公司(BP) www.bp.comzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國際能源總署(IEA) www.iea.org.zh_TW