學術產出-學位論文

題名 後冷戰時期歐盟人道救援政策
作者 簡嘉宏
貢獻者 姜家雄
簡嘉宏
關鍵詞 人道救援
歐洲聯盟
歐盟人道救援署
科索沃
達爾富爾
難民問題
夥伴架構協定
日期 2007
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 17:55:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 大多數國際政治研究集中於國際關係理論研究、國際組織研究、區域研究或國際安全研究,對於難民相關之研究卻如鳳毛麟角,事實上,難民問題攸關國際和平秩序之維繫,實為研究國際安全秩序之一重要環節。

歐洲聯盟自1992年成立歐盟人道救援署(ECHO)以來,遂積極從事國際性人道救援行動,歐盟援助的對象無論天然災害或人為戰爭引發之人道危機,援助的範圍更遍及全球,歐盟之國際性人道救援網絡正逐漸成形,影響力隨著歐盟之整合擴大日益重要,成為聯合國人道救援體系以外之另一個救援架構。本篇論文著眼於目前缺乏對歐盟人道救援體系之專門研究,希望透過理論與實務的探討,拼湊出歐盟人道救援全貌,全文主要分為三個層面:一、介紹歐盟主要之人道救援組織、政策與人道救援運作模式;二、分析歐盟於科索沃與達爾富爾地區之人道救援實際案例;三、在結論部分,透過上述案例歸納出歐盟之人道救援特色,並分析歐盟人道救援發展的限制性。

本研究的目的不在挑戰聯合國的人道救援任務,亦不認為歐盟與聯合國的人道救援體系存在競爭的關係,只希望透過對歐盟人道救援體系的研究與認識,提供另一個國際人道救援選項,並喚起世人對國際人道危機之重視。
參考文獻 一、 中文部分
(一)專書
王振軒。《人道救援的理論與實務》。台北市:鼎茂,民92年。
王逸舟主編。《單極世界的陰霾:科索沃危機的警示》。北京市:社會科學文獻出版社,1999年。
石風軍、柴永忠。《新世紀的陰雲:科索沃危機透視》。北京市:世界知識出版社,1999年。
郝時遠。《帝國霸權與巴爾幹"火藥桶":從南斯拉夫的歷史解讀科索沃的現實》。北京市:社會科學文獻出版社,1999年。
陳隆志、許慶雄編。《當代國際法文獻選集》。台北市:前衛出版社,民87年11月。
慈濟文化志業中心。《大愛映星月:1999-2000土耳其、科索沃慈濟志工關懷行》。台北市:慈濟文化志業中心,民89年8月。
劉文彬。《西洋人權史:從英國大憲章到聯合國科索沃決議案》。台北市:五南,民94。
謝福助。《新干涉主義:科索沃案例議題研究》。台北縣:韋伯文化國際,民92年。
(二)期刊論文
吳萬寶。「歐盟歐洲安全戰略之研究」。《研究與動態》10,民93年6月:頁103-117。
趙忠傑、管怡聲。「歐洲人道干預發展的理論與實踐--以科索沃為例」。《中華戰略學刊》93年秋季號,民93年10月:頁75-100。
劉書彬。「歐洲聯盟巴爾幹政策之研析」。《問題與研究》42卷1期,民92年1.2月:頁47-74。
潘蓓英。「非洲難民問題難解之源」。《西亞非洲》01,2000年:頁33-37。
(三)碩博士論文
李秀窈。「歐洲人權建制東擴之研究」。政治大學外交系碩士論文,民91。
李季傑。「聯合國與非政府組織合作關係之研究-以國際人道救援為例」。南華大學非營利事業研究所碩士論文,民93。
陳雅婷。「大阿爾巴尼亞的民族國家建構與科索沃問題」。淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文,民94。
葉麗媛。「後冷戰時期迄今歐洲難民問題之硏究」。中央警察大學外事警察研究所碩士論文,民94。
歐李啟綱。「人道救援行動中軍事援助行動之研究-以美軍在伊拉克及南亞大海嘯為例」。南華大學非營利事業研究所碩士論文,民95。
(四)新聞媒體
大紀元
國際在線
新華社
二、外文部分
(一) 專書
Abdel-Rahim, Muddathir. Sudan Since Independence : Studies of the Political Development Since 1956. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower, 1986.
Action Against Hunger ed. The Geopolitics of Hunger, 2000-2001: Hunger and Power. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001.
Albino, Oliver. The Sudan : A Southern Viewpoint. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Azimi, Nassrine ed. Humanitarian Action and Peace-Keeping Operations: Debriefing and Lessons. London: Kluwer Law International, 1997.
Bariagaber, Assefaw. Conflict and the Refugee Experience: Flight, Exile, and Repatriation in the Horn of Africa. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2006.
Belgrad, Eric A., and Nitza Nachmias, eds. The Politics of International Humanitarian Aid Operations. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1997.
Cathie, John. European Food Aid Policy. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1997.
De Goyet, Ville de Goyet, Lezlie Morinière and Frédéric Deparis. Evaluation of DG ECHO Financed Operations relating to the Darfur Crisis. Brussels: SHER Ingé-nieurs-Conseils, 2006.
ECHO. ECHO in the Albania: Europe’s Solidarity with People in Distress. Brussels: European Commission, 2002.
ECHO. Responding to New Needs: ECHO 2002. Brussels: European Commission, 2003.
Gorman, Robert F., ed. Refugee Aid and Development: Theory and Practice. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1993.
Greenberg, Joseph H. The Languages of Africa. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.
Harouel, Véronique. Histoire de la Croix-Rouge. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1999.
Jørgensen, Knud, ed. European Approaches to Crisis Management. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1997.
Karadawi, Ahmed, and Peter Woodward. Refugee Policy in Sudan, 1967-1984. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1999.
Kennedy, David. The Dark Sides of Virtue : Reassessing International Humanitarianism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004.
Kofos, Evangelos. The Two-Headed “Albanian Question”: Reflections on the Kosovo Dispute and the Albanians of FYROM. Athens: ELIAMEP, 1998.
Kosovo Statistical Office. Kosovo in Figures 2005. Priština, Kosovo: Kosovo Statistical Office, 2006.
Kouchner, Bernard. Le Malheur des Autres. Paris: O. Jacob, 1991.
Kumar, Krishna ed. Rebuilding Societies After Civil War: Critical Roles for International Assistance. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1997.
Leurdijk, Dick, and Dick Zandee. Kosovo: From Crisis to Crisis. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2001.

Lischer, Sarah Kenyon. Dangerous Sanctuaries: Refugee Camp, Civil War, and Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
Macalister-Smith, Peter. International Humanitarian Assistance:Disaster Relief Action in International Law and Organization. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijoff, 1985.
Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo: A Short History. New York: New York University Press, 1998.
Médecins Sans Frontières. World in Crisis. London: Routledge, 1997.
Prendergast, John. Frontline Diplomacy: Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1996.
Roberts, Adam. Humanitarian Action in War. London: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Stedman, Stephen John, and Fred Tanner, eds. Refugee Manipulation: War, Politics, and the Abuse of Humanitarianism. Washinton, DC: Bookings Institute Press, 2003.
Stern, Mark. Development Aid: What the Public Thinks. New York: UNDP, Office of Development Studies, 1998.
Swinarski, Christophe ed. Etudes et Essais sur le Droit International Humanitaire et sur les Principes de la Croix-Rouge en l`Honneur de Jean Pictet. The Hague: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1984.
The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid. Evaluation of The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid 2000-2005. Brussels: European Commission, 2006.
Tsoukalis, Loukas. The New European Economy Revisited. London: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Veremis, Thanos, and Evangelos Kofos, eds. Kosovo: Avoiding Another Balkan War. Athens: Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELLAMEP), 1998.
Vickers, Miranda. Between Serb and Albanian – A History of Kosovo. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Voll, John Obert. The Sudan : Unity and Diversity in a Multicultural State. Boulder: Westview, 1985.
Weissman, Fabrice. In the Shadow of `Just Wars` : Violence, Politics and Humanitarian Action. London: C. Hurst, 2004.
Woodward, Peter. Sudan, 1898-1989 : the Unstable State. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1990.
Yannis, Alexandros. Kosovo under International Administration: An Unfinished Conflict. Athens: Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELLAMEP), 2001.
(二) 期刊論文
Berger, Rose Marie. “A Responsibility to Protect.” Sojourners Magazine 35 (2006): 8-9.
Carlsson, Jessica M., Erik L. Mortensen, and Marianne Kastrup. “Predictors of Mental Health and Quality of Life in Male Tortured Refugees.” Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 60 (February 2006): 51-57.
Charney, Jonathan I. “Anticipatory Humanitarian Intervention in Kosovo.” The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 834-841.
Duffield, Mark, Joanna Macrae, and Devon Curtis. “Editorial: Politic and Humanitarian Aid.” Disasters 25 (2001): 269-274.
Duffield, Mark, and Joe Stork. “Bosnia is the Classic Case of Using Humanitarian Aid as a Smokescreen to Hide Political Failure.” Middle East Report No. 187/188 (March 1994): 18-23.
Graham-Brown, Sarah. “Intervention, Sovereignty and Responsibility.” Middle East Report No. 193 (March 1995): 2-12.
Henkin, Louis. “Kosovo and the Law of "Humanitarian Intervention.” The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 824-828.
ICG.. “EU Crisis Response Capability: Institutions and Processes for Conflict Prevention and Management.” ICG Issues Report, no.2 (June 2001): 11-46.
ICG.. “The European Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO): Crisis Response in the Grey Lane.” ICG Issues Briefing (June 2001): 1-15.
INRA. “European and Development Aid.” Eurobarometer 50, no.Ⅰ(1999), INRA (Europe) European Coordination Office.
Olsen, Gorm R. “European Public Opinion and Aid to Africa: Is There a Link?.” Journal of Modern Africa Studies 39, no.4 (2001): 654-674.
Pandolfi, Mariella. “Contract of Mutual (in) Difference: Governance and the Humanitarian Apparatus in Contemporary Albania and Kosovo.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10 (2003): 369-381.
Risse-Kappen, T. “Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies.” World Politics 43 (1991): 479-512.
Thérien, Jean-Philipe, and Carolyn Lloyd. “Development Assistance on the Brink.” Third World Quarterly 21, no.1 (2000): 21-38.
Weiss, Thomas G.. “Researching Humanitarian Intervention: Some Lessons.” Journal of Peace Research 38 (July 2001): 419-428.
Warner, Daniel. “The Politics of the Political/Humanitarian Divide,” International Review of the Red Cross, no. 833 (1999): 109-118.
West, Katarina. “Humanitarian Action in a New Security Environment,” WEU Institute for Security Studies, no. 5 (April 1998): 1-31.
(三)新聞媒體
BBC. “3000 missing in Kosovo.” BBC News, 7 June 2000.
BBC. “Annan outlines Darfur peace plans.” BBC News, August 6 2006.
BBC. “Dozens killed in Sudan attack.” BBC News, May 24 2004.
BBC. “Is there any hope for Darfur?” BBC News, Oct 7 2007.
BBC. “Q&A: Sudan’s Darfur Conflict.” BBC News, October 3 2007.
BBC, “UN Haiti troops accused of rape.” BBC News, Nov 30 2006.
BBC. “World rallies for Darfur actions.” BBC News, April 29 2007.
UN News Center. “Annan welcomes extension of African Union mission in Darfur.” UN News Center, September 21 2006.
UN News Center. “Forty Countries face food shortages, with Darfur the most pressing crisis: UN agency. ” UN News Centre, October 9 2006.
(四)其他網際網路資源
EUROPA. “Aide humanitaire : introduction.”
<http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/fr/lvb/r10000.htm>
European Commission. “Kosovo-EU Kosovo Relations.”
<http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/serbia/kosovo/eu_kosovo_relations_en.htm>
ICRC. “ICRC Annual Report 2006: Sudan.”
<http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/sudan?OpenDocument#Key%20document>
IFRC annual appeal 1999-2006. <http://www.ifrc.org/where/country/cn6.asp?countryid=11>
International Meeting on Good Humanitarian Donorship.
<http://www.reliefweb.int/ghd/meetings.html>
Le Traité Instituant de la Communauté Européenne. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/fr/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/C_2002325FR.003301.html>
Porter, Toby. “The partiality of humanitarian assistance- Kosovo in comparative perspective.” 1999.
<www.jca.ac/articles/a057.htm>
Rapport de la Commission (Office d`aide humanitaire - ECHO). “Rapport annuel 2001.”
<http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52002DC0322:FR:HTML>
Rapport de la Commission (Office d`aide humanitaire - ECHO). “Rapport annuel 2002.”
<http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52003DC0430:FR:HTML >
Stability Pact: About the Stability Pact.
<http://www.stabilitypact.org/about/default.asp>
WFP. “Food Assistance to Population Affected by Conflict.”
<http://www.wfp.org/operations/current_operations/project_docs/105570.pdf>
Wrzesnewskyj, Borys. “Hell is Still Darfur.”
<http://www.cambodiangenocide.org/Files/Hell%20is%20still%20Darfur_%20Borys%20Wrzesnewskyj.pdf>
(五)相關網站
BBC
<http://www.bbc.co.uk>
CIA: The World Factbook
< https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html>
European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO).
<http://ec.europa.eu/echo/index_en.htm>
European Union (EU)
<http://europa.eu/index_fr.htm>
Genocide Intervention
<http://www.genocideintervention.net/>
Globe for Darfur
<http://www.globefordarfur.org/darfur.html>
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
<http://www.icrc.org/eng >
International Save the Children Alliance (SC)
<http://www.savethechildren.net/alliance>
Mercy Corps
<http://www.mercycorps.org>
OCHA-Sudan
<http://ochaonline2.un.org/Default.aspx?alias=ochaonline2.un.org/sudan>
Oxfam GB
< http://www.oxfam.org.uk/ >
Relief Web
< http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenForm>
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
<http://www.unhcr.org/basics.html>
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
93253003
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0932530031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜家雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 簡嘉宏zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 簡嘉宏zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 17:55:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 17:55:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 17:55:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0932530031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33705-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93253003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 大多數國際政治研究集中於國際關係理論研究、國際組織研究、區域研究或國際安全研究,對於難民相關之研究卻如鳳毛麟角,事實上,難民問題攸關國際和平秩序之維繫,實為研究國際安全秩序之一重要環節。

歐洲聯盟自1992年成立歐盟人道救援署(ECHO)以來,遂積極從事國際性人道救援行動,歐盟援助的對象無論天然災害或人為戰爭引發之人道危機,援助的範圍更遍及全球,歐盟之國際性人道救援網絡正逐漸成形,影響力隨著歐盟之整合擴大日益重要,成為聯合國人道救援體系以外之另一個救援架構。本篇論文著眼於目前缺乏對歐盟人道救援體系之專門研究,希望透過理論與實務的探討,拼湊出歐盟人道救援全貌,全文主要分為三個層面:一、介紹歐盟主要之人道救援組織、政策與人道救援運作模式;二、分析歐盟於科索沃與達爾富爾地區之人道救援實際案例;三、在結論部分,透過上述案例歸納出歐盟之人道救援特色,並分析歐盟人道救援發展的限制性。

本研究的目的不在挑戰聯合國的人道救援任務,亦不認為歐盟與聯合國的人道救援體系存在競爭的關係,只希望透過對歐盟人道救援體系的研究與認識,提供另一個國際人道救援選項,並喚起世人對國際人道危機之重視。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論...............................................1
第一節 研究動機............................................1
第二節 問題意識............................................3
第三節 文獻檢閱............................................4
第四節 研究範圍與限制......................................7
第五節 研究方法...........................................10
第六節 論文架構...........................................11
第二章 歐盟人道救援組織與政策..............................13
第一節 歐盟人道救援署之成立................................13
第二節 歐盟人道救援政策之緣起..............................22
第三節 歐盟與其他人道救援機構之夥伴關係......................28
小結.....................................................34
第三章 歐盟人道救援案例一:科索沃...........................36
第一節 科索沃難民問題之源起................................36
第二節 歐盟之科索沃人道救援政策.............................43
第三節 歐盟與其他組織的合作關係.............................51
小結.....................................................61
第四章 歐盟人道救援案例二:達爾富爾.........................63
第一節 達爾富爾難民問題之源起..............................63
第二節 歐盟之達爾富爾人道救援政策...........................68
第三節 歐盟與其他組織的合作關係.............................78
小結.....................................................87
第五章 結論..............................................89
第一節 比較歐盟人道救援行動................................89
第二節 檢討歐盟人道救援政策................................95
第三節 後續研究之建議....................................101

附錄.....................................................104
參考書目..................................................110


圖目錄

圖2-1 歐盟人道救援署組織架構圖..............................15
圖2-2 歐盟人道援助金額與歐盟人道救援署所佔額度百分比(1992-1998).....................................................24
圖2-3 歐盟人道救援署之援助金額趨勢圖(1996-2005)..............25
圖2-4 歐盟人道救援署援助地區分析圖(1998-2004)...............26
圖3-1 科索沃人種結構分佈圖.................................40
圖3-2 歐盟人道救援署巴爾幹地區援助金額趨勢圖(1991-2003).......45
圖3-3 東南歐穩定公約與科索沃援助計畫架構圖...................54
圖4-1 蘇丹達爾富爾地理位置圖................................66
圖4-2 歐盟援助資金分配圖(以援助類別分).................... 75


表目錄

表2-1 歐盟人道救援署預算結構表(2000-2006)...................17
表2-2 歐盟人道救援署之聯合國夥伴機構.........................29
表2-3 歐盟人道救援署之其他國際組織夥伴機構...................32
表3-1 科索沃人口結構(2005).................................39
表3-2 科索沃地區CARDS援助金額(2002-2004)...................50
表3-3 歐盟合作夥伴之人道救援金額分配表.......................57
表4-1 歐盟援助達爾富爾地區之金額總表(至2006年止).............74
表4-2 世界糧食計畫署之蘇丹人道救援計畫(2002-2007)............81
表4-3 達爾富爾難民營的衛生指標..............................82
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dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0932530031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人道救援zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐洲聯盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟人道救援署zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科索沃zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 達爾富爾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 難民問題zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 夥伴架構協定zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 後冷戰時期歐盟人道救援政策zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一)專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王振軒。《人道救援的理論與實務》。台北市:鼎茂,民92年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王逸舟主編。《單極世界的陰霾:科索沃危機的警示》。北京市:社會科學文獻出版社,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 石風軍、柴永忠。《新世紀的陰雲:科索沃危機透視》。北京市:世界知識出版社,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郝時遠。《帝國霸權與巴爾幹"火藥桶":從南斯拉夫的歷史解讀科索沃的現實》。北京市:社會科學文獻出版社,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳隆志、許慶雄編。《當代國際法文獻選集》。台北市:前衛出版社,民87年11月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 慈濟文化志業中心。《大愛映星月:1999-2000土耳其、科索沃慈濟志工關懷行》。台北市:慈濟文化志業中心,民89年8月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉文彬。《西洋人權史:從英國大憲章到聯合國科索沃決議案》。台北市:五南,民94。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝福助。《新干涉主義:科索沃案例議題研究》。台北縣:韋伯文化國際,民92年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二)期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳萬寶。「歐盟歐洲安全戰略之研究」。《研究與動態》10,民93年6月:頁103-117。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 趙忠傑、管怡聲。「歐洲人道干預發展的理論與實踐--以科索沃為例」。《中華戰略學刊》93年秋季號,民93年10月:頁75-100。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉書彬。「歐洲聯盟巴爾幹政策之研析」。《問題與研究》42卷1期,民92年1.2月:頁47-74。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 潘蓓英。「非洲難民問題難解之源」。《西亞非洲》01,2000年:頁33-37。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (三)碩博士論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李秀窈。「歐洲人權建制東擴之研究」。政治大學外交系碩士論文,民91。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李季傑。「聯合國與非政府組織合作關係之研究-以國際人道救援為例」。南華大學非營利事業研究所碩士論文,民93。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳雅婷。「大阿爾巴尼亞的民族國家建構與科索沃問題」。淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文,民94。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 葉麗媛。「後冷戰時期迄今歐洲難民問題之硏究」。中央警察大學外事警察研究所碩士論文,民94。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 歐李啟綱。「人道救援行動中軍事援助行動之研究-以美軍在伊拉克及南亞大海嘯為例」。南華大學非營利事業研究所碩士論文,民95。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (四)新聞媒體zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 大紀元zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國際在線zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 新華社zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、外文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一) 專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abdel-Rahim, Muddathir. Sudan Since Independence : Studies of the Political Development Since 1956. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower, 1986.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Action Against Hunger ed. The Geopolitics of Hunger, 2000-2001: Hunger and Power. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Albino, Oliver. The Sudan : A Southern Viewpoint. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Azimi, Nassrine ed. Humanitarian Action and Peace-Keeping Operations: Debriefing and Lessons. London: Kluwer Law International, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bariagaber, Assefaw. Conflict and the Refugee Experience: Flight, Exile, and Repatriation in the Horn of Africa. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Belgrad, Eric A., and Nitza Nachmias, eds. The Politics of International Humanitarian Aid Operations. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cathie, John. European Food Aid Policy. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) De Goyet, Ville de Goyet, Lezlie Morinière and Frédéric Deparis. Evaluation of DG ECHO Financed Operations relating to the Darfur Crisis. Brussels: SHER Ingé-nieurs-Conseils, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ECHO. ECHO in the Albania: Europe’s Solidarity with People in Distress. Brussels: European Commission, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ECHO. Responding to New Needs: ECHO 2002. Brussels: European Commission, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gorman, Robert F., ed. Refugee Aid and Development: Theory and Practice. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenberg, Joseph H. The Languages of Africa. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harouel, Véronique. Histoire de la Croix-Rouge. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jørgensen, Knud, ed. European Approaches to Crisis Management. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Karadawi, Ahmed, and Peter Woodward. Refugee Policy in Sudan, 1967-1984. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kennedy, David. The Dark Sides of Virtue : Reassessing International Humanitarianism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kofos, Evangelos. The Two-Headed “Albanian Question”: Reflections on the Kosovo Dispute and the Albanians of FYROM. Athens: ELIAMEP, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kosovo Statistical Office. Kosovo in Figures 2005. Priština, Kosovo: Kosovo Statistical Office, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kouchner, Bernard. Le Malheur des Autres. Paris: O. Jacob, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kumar, Krishna ed. Rebuilding Societies After Civil War: Critical Roles for International Assistance. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leurdijk, Dick, and Dick Zandee. Kosovo: From Crisis to Crisis. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lischer, Sarah Kenyon. Dangerous Sanctuaries: Refugee Camp, Civil War, and Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Macalister-Smith, Peter. International Humanitarian Assistance:Disaster Relief Action in International Law and Organization. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijoff, 1985.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo: A Short History. New York: New York University Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Médecins Sans Frontières. World in Crisis. London: Routledge, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prendergast, John. Frontline Diplomacy: Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roberts, Adam. Humanitarian Action in War. London: Oxford University Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stedman, Stephen John, and Fred Tanner, eds. Refugee Manipulation: War, Politics, and the Abuse of Humanitarianism. Washinton, DC: Bookings Institute Press, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stern, Mark. Development Aid: What the Public Thinks. New York: UNDP, Office of Development Studies, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Swinarski, Christophe ed. Etudes et Essais sur le Droit International Humanitaire et sur les Principes de la Croix-Rouge en l`Honneur de Jean Pictet. The Hague: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1984.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid. Evaluation of The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid 2000-2005. Brussels: European Commission, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tsoukalis, Loukas. The New European Economy Revisited. London: Oxford University Press, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Veremis, Thanos, and Evangelos Kofos, eds. Kosovo: Avoiding Another Balkan War. Athens: Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELLAMEP), 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vickers, Miranda. Between Serb and Albanian – A History of Kosovo. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Voll, John Obert. The Sudan : Unity and Diversity in a Multicultural State. Boulder: Westview, 1985.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weissman, Fabrice. In the Shadow of `Just Wars` : Violence, Politics and Humanitarian Action. London: C. Hurst, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Woodward, Peter. Sudan, 1898-1989 : the Unstable State. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1990.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yannis, Alexandros. Kosovo under International Administration: An Unfinished Conflict. Athens: Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELLAMEP), 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二) 期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berger, Rose Marie. “A Responsibility to Protect.” Sojourners Magazine 35 (2006): 8-9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carlsson, Jessica M., Erik L. Mortensen, and Marianne Kastrup. “Predictors of Mental Health and Quality of Life in Male Tortured Refugees.” Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 60 (February 2006): 51-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Charney, Jonathan I. “Anticipatory Humanitarian Intervention in Kosovo.” The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 834-841.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duffield, Mark, Joanna Macrae, and Devon Curtis. “Editorial: Politic and Humanitarian Aid.” Disasters 25 (2001): 269-274.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duffield, Mark, and Joe Stork. “Bosnia is the Classic Case of Using Humanitarian Aid as a Smokescreen to Hide Political Failure.” Middle East Report No. 187/188 (March 1994): 18-23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Graham-Brown, Sarah. “Intervention, Sovereignty and Responsibility.” Middle East Report No. 193 (March 1995): 2-12.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henkin, Louis. “Kosovo and the Law of "Humanitarian Intervention.” The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 824-828.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ICG.. “EU Crisis Response Capability: Institutions and Processes for Conflict Prevention and Management.” ICG Issues Report, no.2 (June 2001): 11-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ICG.. “The European Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO): Crisis Response in the Grey Lane.” ICG Issues Briefing (June 2001): 1-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) INRA. “European and Development Aid.” Eurobarometer 50, no.Ⅰ(1999), INRA (Europe) European Coordination Office.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Olsen, Gorm R. “European Public Opinion and Aid to Africa: Is There a Link?.” Journal of Modern Africa Studies 39, no.4 (2001): 654-674.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pandolfi, Mariella. “Contract of Mutual (in) Difference: Governance and the Humanitarian Apparatus in Contemporary Albania and Kosovo.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10 (2003): 369-381.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Risse-Kappen, T. “Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies.” World Politics 43 (1991): 479-512.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thérien, Jean-Philipe, and Carolyn Lloyd. “Development Assistance on the Brink.” Third World Quarterly 21, no.1 (2000): 21-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, Thomas G.. “Researching Humanitarian Intervention: Some Lessons.” Journal of Peace Research 38 (July 2001): 419-428.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Warner, Daniel. “The Politics of the Political/Humanitarian Divide,” International Review of the Red Cross, no. 833 (1999): 109-118.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) West, Katarina. “Humanitarian Action in a New Security Environment,” WEU Institute for Security Studies, no. 5 (April 1998): 1-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (三)新聞媒體zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC. “3000 missing in Kosovo.” BBC News, 7 June 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC. “Annan outlines Darfur peace plans.” BBC News, August 6 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC. “Dozens killed in Sudan attack.” BBC News, May 24 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC. “Is there any hope for Darfur?” BBC News, Oct 7 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC. “Q&A: Sudan’s Darfur Conflict.” BBC News, October 3 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC, “UN Haiti troops accused of rape.” BBC News, Nov 30 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC. “World rallies for Darfur actions.” BBC News, April 29 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) UN News Center. “Annan welcomes extension of African Union mission in Darfur.” UN News Center, September 21 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) UN News Center. “Forty Countries face food shortages, with Darfur the most pressing crisis: UN agency. ” UN News Centre, October 9 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (四)其他網際網路資源zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EUROPA. “Aide humanitaire : introduction.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/fr/lvb/r10000.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission. “Kosovo-EU Kosovo Relations.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/serbia/kosovo/eu_kosovo_relations_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ICRC. “ICRC Annual Report 2006: Sudan.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/sudan?OpenDocument#Key%20document>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) IFRC annual appeal 1999-2006. <http://www.ifrc.org/where/country/cn6.asp?countryid=11>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Meeting on Good Humanitarian Donorship.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.reliefweb.int/ghd/meetings.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Le Traité Instituant de la Communauté Européenne. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/fr/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/C_2002325FR.003301.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, Toby. “The partiality of humanitarian assistance- Kosovo in comparative perspective.” 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <www.jca.ac/articles/a057.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rapport de la Commission (Office d`aide humanitaire - ECHO). “Rapport annuel 2001.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52002DC0322:FR:HTML>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rapport de la Commission (Office d`aide humanitaire - ECHO). “Rapport annuel 2002.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52003DC0430:FR:HTML >zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stability Pact: About the Stability Pact.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.stabilitypact.org/about/default.asp>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) WFP. “Food Assistance to Population Affected by Conflict.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.wfp.org/operations/current_operations/project_docs/105570.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wrzesnewskyj, Borys. “Hell is Still Darfur.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.cambodiangenocide.org/Files/Hell%20is%20still%20Darfur_%20Borys%20Wrzesnewskyj.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (五)相關網站zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBCzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.bbc.co.uk>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) CIA: The World Factbookzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) < https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://ec.europa.eu/echo/index_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Union (EU)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://europa.eu/index_fr.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Genocide Interventionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.genocideintervention.net/>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Globe for Darfurzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.globefordarfur.org/darfur.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.icrc.org/eng >zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Save the Children Alliance (SC)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.savethechildren.net/alliance>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mercy Corpszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.mercycorps.org>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) OCHA-Sudanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://ochaonline2.un.org/Default.aspx?alias=ochaonline2.un.org/sudan>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oxfam GBzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) < http://www.oxfam.org.uk/ >zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Relief Webzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) < http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenForm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.unhcr.org/basics.html>zh_TW