學術產出-學位論文

題名 一九九O年代中國安全環境與政策選擇之研究
作者 陳進廣
貢獻者 張京育
陳進廣
關鍵詞 國際關係
國家安全
外交政策
政策選擇
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 18:02:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文主要在釐清中國安全決策組織及流程,進而從建構主義(Constructivism)研究途徑切入,探討一九九○年代中國領導人對其國際安全、周邊安全、台海安全、政治安全、經濟安全、軍事安全及環境安全威脅之認知,剖析中國領導人如何做出政策選擇。
本文採取文獻分析法,對一九九○年至二○○○年間,中共中央、國務院頒發的各類文件、通知及決定,主要領導人在中國共產黨歷屆黨代表大會、中央委員會開(閉)幕講話,人大及其常委會歷次會議之工作報告、決議,國務院所提出的政府工作報告、下發之各類規定等進行摘要並作內容分析;並參考各國學者在中國決策及安全研究上之論點,從相關文獻中發掘中國安全決策制定流程與規律,據以驗證本文所提出的三項假設。本論文獲致如下結論:
一、一九九○年代中國確實擁有一個良好的外部安全環境,有利於中國大陸集中精力發展經濟。中國的主要安全威脅在內部,中國面臨權力繼承問題、貪污腐敗、失業率攀升、國企效率低下、壞債嚴重、環境污染、生態破壞等安全威脅,但中國卻刻意誇大美國的霸權主義、美在亞太軍事部署、台灣獨立、西化及分化等外在安全威脅。
二、中國在安全政策選擇上,時常陷入原則與務實、多邊與雙邊、開放與封閉、改革與穩定、自力更生或仰賴進口、堅持主權或擱置主權的矛盾。但隨著中國綜合國力日益提升,參與國際體制日深,其國家行為日趨開放、務實,積極參與多邊體制,並提出新安全觀及擱置主權爭議等主張,營造和平穩定的周邊安全環境。
三、本文三項假設獲得印證,第一、一九九○年代中國領導人漠視腐敗、失業、環境污染及生態破壞等問題,衝擊社會穩定,並使環境安全惡化,甚至造成跨國性威脅。第二、中國誇大霸權主義及台海安全的危害性與急迫性,進而提出推動建立國際政治與經濟新秩序的構想,發動具有針對性的軍事演習,因此被視為國際現存秩序的挑戰者,激化兩岸衝突與對立,進而引起周邊鄰國對中國崛起的憂慮。第三、中國積極參與聯合國活動,加入多邊安全體制,有效化解周邊國家對中國崛起的疑慮;建立社會保障及黨政領導人退休、任期制,有效化解下崗職工不滿及權力繼承危機。在經濟安全方面,中國正視轉軌過程中國企、貿易、金融、財政、糧食、能源等問題,推進社會主義市場經濟體制,加入世貿組織,實施分稅制等,有利於建立國內市場的統一規則並與國際經濟體制接軌
The purpose of this thesis aims to clarify China’s security policy-making organization and process, and via constructivist study probe Beijing’s leaders’ recognition of China’s international, peripheral, Taiwan Strait, political, economic, military and environmental securities in the 1990s. It also aims to analyze how Chinese leaders made these policy options.

This thesis adopted documentary analysis methodology to excerpt and make an analysis of contents of the documents and notices issued by the Chinese Communist Party Center and State Council between 1990 and the year 2000; speeches delivered by major leaders at opening or closing ceremonies of previous party congresses and central committees; work reports and resolutions issued at previous conferences of the National People’s Congress and its standing committees; government work reports prepared by the State Council and its regulations sent to lower units. This thesis also referred to points of view, provided by scholars of different countries, on China’s policy-making and security research, and discovered China’s security policy-making establishment process and regular patterns from related documents verifying three assumptions provided by this paper. The conclusion of this paper is as follow:

1. In the 1990s, China had a good external security environment, which was beneficial to its efforts to develop the economy. China’s major security threats came from the interior. Beijing had to face power inheritance problems; corruption; rising unemployment rates; low efficiency of state-owned enterprises; serious bad debts; environmental pollution, and ecological damage. However, China purposely over exaggerated external security threats such as American hegemonism, US military deployment in Asian Pacific, Taiwanese independence, westernization and polarization.
2. On security policy options, China often fell into contradictions - between principles and pragmatism; multi-lateral and bi-lateral; opening up and closed doors; reform and stability; self-reliance or dependence on imports, and insisting on sovereignty or shelving sovereignty. Nevertheless, following the gradual rise of China’s comprehensive national power and its deeper involvement in international systems, China’s national behavior became more open and pragmatic, and China actively joined these multi-lateral systems. In addition, it brought about new views of neo-security and shelved sovereignty disputes in order to make a peaceful and stable neighboring environment.
3. Three assumptions were verified in this paper. First, in the1990s, Chinese leaders ignored corruption, unemployment, environmental pollution, and by ecological damage, which impacted social stability and caused worsening environmental security, even bringing about translational threats. Secondly, China over exaggerated the harmfulness and urgency of hegemonism and the Taiwan Strait security, to drive the conception of building a new international political and economic order, as well as initiating aimed military exercises. Therefore, China was taken as a challenger of the current international order, and the cause of conflict and confrontation across the Taiwan Strait. This brought about anxiety in the neighboring countries about China’s rise. Thirdly, China actively participated in UN activities and the multi-lateral security mechanism, thus effectively reconciling neighboring countries’ anxiety over China’s rise. It established social security as well as party and government leaders’ terms of retirement and tenure of office, which effectively reconciled the dissatisfaction of laid-off workers and the power inheritance crisis. In terms of economic security, China was concerned about state-owned enterprises, trade, banking, finance, and food and energy problems during their transferring process. To drive the structure of the socialist market economy, to enter the World Trade Organization, to perform dual tax system, which was beneficial to establish unified regulations of domestic market and connected to international economic structure.
參考文獻 一、 中文部分
(一) 專書
1.中華人民共和國外交部外交史編輯室編,中國外交概覽:2000年版,北京:世界知識出版社,2000年。
2.中華人民共和國外交部外交史編輯室編,中國外交概覽:2001年版,北京:世界知識出版社,2001年。
3.中共中央文獻研究室編,十四大以來重要文獻選編,中冊,北京:人民出版社,1997年12月。
4.中共中央文獻研究室編,十四大以來重要文獻選編,下冊,北京:人民出版社,1999年10月。
5.中共中央文獻研究室編,十五大以來重要文獻選編,上冊,北京:人民出版社,2000年6月。
6.中共中央文獻研究室編,十五大以來重要文獻選編,中冊,北京:人民出版社,2001年5月。
7.白邦瑞Michael Pillsbury著,國防部史政編譯局譯, 中共對未來安全環境的辯論China Debates the Future Security Environment,台北:國防部史政編譯局,2001年。
8.田弘茂、朱雲漢編,張鐵志、林葦芸譯,江澤民的歷史考卷 China Under Jiang Zemin,台北:新新聞文化事業股份有限公司,2000年12月。
9.朱杰、聶振邦、馬曉河主編,廿一世紀中國糧食問題,北京:中國計劃出版社,1999年2月。
10.李慎明、王逸舟編,2001年全球政治與安全報告,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2001年2月。
11.李寶俊,當代中國外交概論,北京:中國人民大學出版社,1999。
12.行政院大陸委員會編,大陸工作參考資料,中華民國八十九年版,行政院大陸委員會,台北:2000年9月。
13.拉森Jeffref Larsen著,國防部史政編譯局譯,邁向廿一世紀的軍備管制Arm Control Toward the 21st Century,台北:國防部史政編譯局,2000。
14.汪大海,失業的中國,經濟日報出版社,北京:1999年。
15.洪兵著,國家利益論,軍事科學出版社,北京:1999年7月。
16.郭瑞華編著,中共對台組織體系概論,法務部調查局共黨問題研究中心,台北,1999年6月。
17.班納狄克˙安德森Benedict Anderson著,吳叡人譯,Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of nationalism,想像的共同體:民族主義的起源與散佈,台北:時報文化,1999年。
18.周風起、周大地主編,中國中長期能源戰略,北京:中國計劃出版社,1999年2月。
19.胡鞍鋼,中國改革中所面臨人類發展的重大挑戰,胡鞍鋼主編,中國走向,浙江:浙江人民出版社,2000年。
20. 黃碩風,綜合國力新論:兼論新中國綜合國力,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1999。
21.楊中美著,中共外交教父錢其琛,台北:時報文化,1999.年6月。
22.張萬年主編,當代世界軍事與中國國防,軍事科學出版社,北京:1999年。
23.張曉霞,中國高層智囊:影響當今中國發展進程的人之一,修訂版,京華出版社,北京:2000年9月。
24.雷家驌主編,國家經濟安全理論與方法,北京:經濟科學出版社,2000年12月。
25.傅高義Ezra F. Vogel1編,吳福生譯,廿一世紀的美國與中國關係 Living with China: U.S.-China Relations in the Twenty-first Century,台北:國防部史政編譯局,2000年。
26.陳舟著,美國的安全戰略與東亞,世界知識出版社,北京2002年1月。
27.俞正梁等著,大國戰略研究,北京,中央編譯出版社,1998年10月。
28.閻學通等,1997-1998年中國戰略與管理研究會國際形勢分析報告,北京,1998。
29.閻學通,中國國家利益分析,天津:天津人民出版社,1996。
30.薛君度等,面向二十一世紀的中國周邊形勢,北京:時事出版社,1995。
31.鄭通漢,經濟全球化中的國家經濟安全問題,北京,國防大學出版社,1999。
32.蔡瑋,中共的涉台決策與兩岸關係發展,台北:風雲論壇,2000。
33.蔡偉明主編,轉型中國:亟待解決的問題,北京:改革出版社,1998年12月。
34.蘇格,美國對華政策與台灣問題,北京:世界知識出版社,1998。
35錢其琛著,外交十記,北京:世界知識出版社,2003年。
36.黎安友Andrew J.Nathan,陸伯彬Robert S.Ross著,長城與空城計:中國尋求安全的戰略,何大明譯,台北:麥田出版社,1998年。
(二) 期刊
1.王緝思,1996-1997年美國形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁17-32。
2.中共研究雜誌社,中共召開十四大綜述,中共年報一九九三,台北:中共研究雜誌社,1993年,頁四-二。
3.中共研究雜誌社,剖析李鵬的政府工作報告,中共年報一九九三,台北:中共研究雜誌社,1993年,頁三-一二。
4.中華人民共和國憲法修正案,2000年中共年報,台北:中共研究雜誌社,2000年,頁10-13。
5.林仲涵,1996-1997年東盟形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁77-88。
6.倪孝銓,1996-1997年俄羅斯形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁50-64。
7.楚樹龍、彭春艷,冷戰後國際安全理論的發展,現代國際關係,1999年第四期,1999年4月21日,頁28-29。
8.閻學通,中國的新安全觀與安全合作的構想,現代國際關係,1997年第11期,1997年11月20日,頁28。
9.閻學通,1996-1997年國際形勢與中國對外關係報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁4-16。
10.劉江永,1996-1997年日本形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁33-49。
11.顧關福,1996-1997中亞形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁65-76。
(三) 網站
1.http://www.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~yang/paper-3.htm.
2.http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/23/content_704463.htm
3.http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/23/content_704497.htm
4.http://mil.qianlong.com/4919/2004/12/27/228@2444774.htm.
5.http://www.mac.gov.tw/mlpolicy/pos/9001/table09.htm
二、 英文部分
(一)專書
1.Allison, Graham.and Zelikow, Philip. Essence of Decision Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. 2d ed., USA., Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc. Press,1999.
2.Buzan, Barry; Waever, Ole and Wilde,Jaap De, Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc
3.Baylis, John. and Smith, Steve eds The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
4.Carpenter Ted Galen and Dorn, James A. eds., China’s Future: Constructive Partner or Emerging Threat? ,Cato Institute,2000.
5. Denny, Roy. China’s Foreign Relations. Boston:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Press,1998.
6.Draguhn, Werner. And Ash, Robert. China’s Economic Security. New York,St. Martin’s Press, 1999.
7.Economy, Elizabeth and Oksenberg, Michel eds., China Joins the World:Progress and Prospects, New York:Council on Foreign Relation press, 1999.
8.Finnemore, Martha. National Interests in International Society. USA: Connell University Press,1996.
9.Goodman, David S.G. and Segal, Gerald. China Rising Nationalism and interdependence. International Institute for Strategic Studies press,1997.
10.Gurtov, Mel and Hwang, Byong Moo China’s Security :The New Roles of the Military, London, Lynne Rienner, 1998.
11.Howard, Russ Discussion of The Chinese Security Concept and its Historical Evolution,(2001),10(27),USA,pp.288-292.
12.Hamrin, Carol Lee; Zhao, Suisheng eds. Decision-Making in Deng’s China Perspectives From Insiders, M. E. Sharpe, Inc. U.S.A.1995.
13.Hobson, John M., The State and International Relations, USA, Cambridge University press,2000.
14.Katzenstein, Peter J. ed. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Polity . New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
15.Lampton, David M. ed., The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy, Stanford University Press,2001.
16.Lieberthal, Kenneth G. and Lampton, David M. edited Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China, USA, University of California Press,1992.
17. Nathan, Andrew J. and Ross, Robert S. The Great Wall and The Empty Fortress: China’s Search for Security,New York :Haddon Craftsmen,Inc.1998.
18.Pillsbury, Michael, China Debates the Future Security Environment, Washington, DC. National Defense University Press 2000.
19.Renner, Michael. National Security: The Economic and Environmental Dimensions. Worldwatch Institute,1989.Swaine, Michael D. and Ashley J.Tellis, Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy, Rand, 2000.
20.Swaine, Michael D. The Role of the Chinese Military in National Security Policymaking. Rand Press, 1996.
21.Swaine, Michael D. and Tellis, Ashley J. Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy. Rand Press, 2000.
22.Whiting, S. Allen., China Crosses the Yalu: The Decision to Enter the Korean War, New York: Macmillan, 1960.
23.Wu, Jaushieh Joseph China Rising: Implication of Economic and Military Growth in the PRC,Instittute of International Relations National Chengchi University,2001.
(二)期刊
1.Adler, Emanuel ,Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Political , European Joural of International Relations,Vol.3(3),pp.340-341.
2.Cheng, Joseph Yu-shek China’s American Policy: A Turning Point,Journal of Chinese Political Science, Volume 2,Number 2, Summer 1996,pp65-66.
3.Glaser, Bonnie S. Disscussion of Four Contradictions constraining China’s Foreign Policy Behavior, Journal of Contemporary China, USA, 2001,vol.10.27th,pp.303-308.
Johnston ,Alastair Iain, Is China a Status Quo Power?,International Security, Vol. 27, No.4 Spring 2003.04,p34-44.
4.Kang , David C., Getting Asia Wrong:The Need For New Analytical Frameworks, International Security, Vol. 27, No.4 Spring 2003.04,p68-72.
5.Shambaugh, David, Containment of Engagement of China? Calculating Beijing`s Responses, International Security, Vol. 21, NO.2, Fall 1996, p.209.
6.Snyder, Robert, The U.S. and Third World Revolutionary States: Understanding the Breakdown in Relations, International Studies Quarterly, 43, 1999, p.286.
7.Starr, John Bryan, China in 1995: Mounting Problems, Waning Capacity, Asian Survey 36, no. 1, January 1996, pp.13-24.
8.Wu, Baiyi, The Chinese Security Concept and its Historical Evolution, Journal of Contemporary China USA,2001,10.27, pp.275-278.
9.Wu, Jaushieh Joseph China Rising: Implication of Economic and Military Growth in the PRc,Institute of International Relations National Chengchi University,2001.
10.Wu, Guoguang, Documentary Politics: Hypotheses, Process, and Case Studies, in,p.26-27.
11.Whiting, Allen S. Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy After Deng, The China Quarterly, 142, 1995, pp.295-316.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
85260505
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0852605051
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張京育zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 陳進廣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 陳進廣zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 18:02:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 18:02:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 18:02:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0852605051en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33750-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 東亞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 85260505zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文主要在釐清中國安全決策組織及流程,進而從建構主義(Constructivism)研究途徑切入,探討一九九○年代中國領導人對其國際安全、周邊安全、台海安全、政治安全、經濟安全、軍事安全及環境安全威脅之認知,剖析中國領導人如何做出政策選擇。
本文採取文獻分析法,對一九九○年至二○○○年間,中共中央、國務院頒發的各類文件、通知及決定,主要領導人在中國共產黨歷屆黨代表大會、中央委員會開(閉)幕講話,人大及其常委會歷次會議之工作報告、決議,國務院所提出的政府工作報告、下發之各類規定等進行摘要並作內容分析;並參考各國學者在中國決策及安全研究上之論點,從相關文獻中發掘中國安全決策制定流程與規律,據以驗證本文所提出的三項假設。本論文獲致如下結論:
一、一九九○年代中國確實擁有一個良好的外部安全環境,有利於中國大陸集中精力發展經濟。中國的主要安全威脅在內部,中國面臨權力繼承問題、貪污腐敗、失業率攀升、國企效率低下、壞債嚴重、環境污染、生態破壞等安全威脅,但中國卻刻意誇大美國的霸權主義、美在亞太軍事部署、台灣獨立、西化及分化等外在安全威脅。
二、中國在安全政策選擇上,時常陷入原則與務實、多邊與雙邊、開放與封閉、改革與穩定、自力更生或仰賴進口、堅持主權或擱置主權的矛盾。但隨著中國綜合國力日益提升,參與國際體制日深,其國家行為日趨開放、務實,積極參與多邊體制,並提出新安全觀及擱置主權爭議等主張,營造和平穩定的周邊安全環境。
三、本文三項假設獲得印證,第一、一九九○年代中國領導人漠視腐敗、失業、環境污染及生態破壞等問題,衝擊社會穩定,並使環境安全惡化,甚至造成跨國性威脅。第二、中國誇大霸權主義及台海安全的危害性與急迫性,進而提出推動建立國際政治與經濟新秩序的構想,發動具有針對性的軍事演習,因此被視為國際現存秩序的挑戰者,激化兩岸衝突與對立,進而引起周邊鄰國對中國崛起的憂慮。第三、中國積極參與聯合國活動,加入多邊安全體制,有效化解周邊國家對中國崛起的疑慮;建立社會保障及黨政領導人退休、任期制,有效化解下崗職工不滿及權力繼承危機。在經濟安全方面,中國正視轉軌過程中國企、貿易、金融、財政、糧食、能源等問題,推進社會主義市場經濟體制,加入世貿組織,實施分稅制等,有利於建立國內市場的統一規則並與國際經濟體制接軌
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this thesis aims to clarify China’s security policy-making organization and process, and via constructivist study probe Beijing’s leaders’ recognition of China’s international, peripheral, Taiwan Strait, political, economic, military and environmental securities in the 1990s. It also aims to analyze how Chinese leaders made these policy options.

This thesis adopted documentary analysis methodology to excerpt and make an analysis of contents of the documents and notices issued by the Chinese Communist Party Center and State Council between 1990 and the year 2000; speeches delivered by major leaders at opening or closing ceremonies of previous party congresses and central committees; work reports and resolutions issued at previous conferences of the National People’s Congress and its standing committees; government work reports prepared by the State Council and its regulations sent to lower units. This thesis also referred to points of view, provided by scholars of different countries, on China’s policy-making and security research, and discovered China’s security policy-making establishment process and regular patterns from related documents verifying three assumptions provided by this paper. The conclusion of this paper is as follow:

1. In the 1990s, China had a good external security environment, which was beneficial to its efforts to develop the economy. China’s major security threats came from the interior. Beijing had to face power inheritance problems; corruption; rising unemployment rates; low efficiency of state-owned enterprises; serious bad debts; environmental pollution, and ecological damage. However, China purposely over exaggerated external security threats such as American hegemonism, US military deployment in Asian Pacific, Taiwanese independence, westernization and polarization.
2. On security policy options, China often fell into contradictions - between principles and pragmatism; multi-lateral and bi-lateral; opening up and closed doors; reform and stability; self-reliance or dependence on imports, and insisting on sovereignty or shelving sovereignty. Nevertheless, following the gradual rise of China’s comprehensive national power and its deeper involvement in international systems, China’s national behavior became more open and pragmatic, and China actively joined these multi-lateral systems. In addition, it brought about new views of neo-security and shelved sovereignty disputes in order to make a peaceful and stable neighboring environment.
3. Three assumptions were verified in this paper. First, in the1990s, Chinese leaders ignored corruption, unemployment, environmental pollution, and by ecological damage, which impacted social stability and caused worsening environmental security, even bringing about translational threats. Secondly, China over exaggerated the harmfulness and urgency of hegemonism and the Taiwan Strait security, to drive the conception of building a new international political and economic order, as well as initiating aimed military exercises. Therefore, China was taken as a challenger of the current international order, and the cause of conflict and confrontation across the Taiwan Strait. This brought about anxiety in the neighboring countries about China’s rise. Thirdly, China actively participated in UN activities and the multi-lateral security mechanism, thus effectively reconciling neighboring countries’ anxiety over China’s rise. It established social security as well as party and government leaders’ terms of retirement and tenure of office, which effectively reconciled the dissatisfaction of laid-off workers and the power inheritance crisis. In terms of economic security, China was concerned about state-owned enterprises, trade, banking, finance, and food and energy problems during their transferring process. To drive the structure of the socialist market economy, to enter the World Trade Organization, to perform dual tax system, which was beneficial to establish unified regulations of domestic market and connected to international economic structure.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論…………………………………………………………………………… 1
一、研究動機與目的……………………………………………………… 1
二、文獻探討………………………………………………………………… 2
三、研究架構………………………………………………………………… 5
四、研究方法與限制………………………………………………………… 6
第一章 中國安全決策機制………………………………………. 8
第一節 決策模式變遷…………………………………………………. 8
第二節 中國安全決策組織…………………………………………. 11
第三節 中國安全決策流程…………………………………………. 23
第四節 決策特點………………………………………………………. 26
第五節 地方政府之角色地位………………………………………. 36
第六節 民族主義與決策……………………………………………. 37
第七節 共軍的決策影響力…………………………………………. 41
第八節 民意與決策……………………………………………………. 45
第九節 外部施壓與決策……………………………………………. 47
第二章 中國的國際安全及政策選擇………………………. 52
第一節 中國的國際安全威脅………………………………………. 53
第二節 中國的國際安全政策選擇………………………………. 62
第三章 中國周邊安全及政策選擇…………………………. 100
第一節 中國領導人對周邊安全威脅認知…………………. 100
第二節 中國周邊安全政策選擇…………………………………. 115
第四章 中國的台海安全及政策選擇………………………………. 151
第一節 美國對台海問題的認知…………………………………. 152
第二節 台灣對台海問題的認知…………………………………. 158
第三節 中國對台海問題的認知…………………………………. 165
第四節 中國的對台決策機制……………………………………. 173
第五節 中國台海政策選擇………………………………………. 178
第五章 中國政治安全及政策選擇…………………………. 198
第一節 中國領導人對政治安全的認知………………………. 198
第二節 中國的政治安全政策選擇……………………………. 220
第六章 中國經濟安全及政策選擇…………………………. 251
第一節 中國經濟安全威脅………………………………………. 251
第二節 中國的經濟安全政策選擇……………………………. 263
第七章 中國軍事安全及政策選擇…………………………. 291
第一節 中國的軍事安全威脅……………………………………. 291
第二節 中國的軍事領導體制……………………………………. 300
第三節 中國的軍事安全政策選擇……………………………. 304
第八章 中國環境安全及政策選擇…………………………. 327
第一節 中國的環境安全威脅……………………………………. 327
第二節 生態破壞情況及影響……………………………………. 330
第三節 中國的環境安全政策選擇……………………………. 332
第四節 中國的生態建設規劃……………………………………. 336
結論……………………………………………………………… 341
參考書目…………………………………………………………………… 345
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 57042 bytes-
dc.format.extent 46138 bytes-
dc.format.extent 47808 bytes-
dc.format.extent 117059 bytes-
dc.format.extent 441866 bytes-
dc.format.extent 1170088 bytes-
dc.format.extent 523811 bytes-
dc.format.extent 486710 bytes-
dc.format.extent 814164 bytes-
dc.format.extent 415384 bytes-
dc.format.extent 445413 bytes-
dc.format.extent 158739 bytes-
dc.format.extent 381644 bytes-
dc.format.extent 91614 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0852605051en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外交政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政策選擇zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 一九九O年代中國安全環境與政策選擇之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一) 專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.中華人民共和國外交部外交史編輯室編,中國外交概覽:2000年版,北京:世界知識出版社,2000年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.中華人民共和國外交部外交史編輯室編,中國外交概覽:2001年版,北京:世界知識出版社,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.中共中央文獻研究室編,十四大以來重要文獻選編,中冊,北京:人民出版社,1997年12月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.中共中央文獻研究室編,十四大以來重要文獻選編,下冊,北京:人民出版社,1999年10月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.中共中央文獻研究室編,十五大以來重要文獻選編,上冊,北京:人民出版社,2000年6月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.中共中央文獻研究室編,十五大以來重要文獻選編,中冊,北京:人民出版社,2001年5月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.白邦瑞Michael Pillsbury著,國防部史政編譯局譯, 中共對未來安全環境的辯論China Debates the Future Security Environment,台北:國防部史政編譯局,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.田弘茂、朱雲漢編,張鐵志、林葦芸譯,江澤民的歷史考卷 China Under Jiang Zemin,台北:新新聞文化事業股份有限公司,2000年12月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.朱杰、聶振邦、馬曉河主編,廿一世紀中國糧食問題,北京:中國計劃出版社,1999年2月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.李慎明、王逸舟編,2001年全球政治與安全報告,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2001年2月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.李寶俊,當代中國外交概論,北京:中國人民大學出版社,1999。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.行政院大陸委員會編,大陸工作參考資料,中華民國八十九年版,行政院大陸委員會,台北:2000年9月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.拉森Jeffref Larsen著,國防部史政編譯局譯,邁向廿一世紀的軍備管制Arm Control Toward the 21st Century,台北:國防部史政編譯局,2000。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.汪大海,失業的中國,經濟日報出版社,北京:1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.洪兵著,國家利益論,軍事科學出版社,北京:1999年7月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.郭瑞華編著,中共對台組織體系概論,法務部調查局共黨問題研究中心,台北,1999年6月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.班納狄克˙安德森Benedict Anderson著,吳叡人譯,Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of nationalism,想像的共同體:民族主義的起源與散佈,台北:時報文化,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.周風起、周大地主編,中國中長期能源戰略,北京:中國計劃出版社,1999年2月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.胡鞍鋼,中國改革中所面臨人類發展的重大挑戰,胡鞍鋼主編,中國走向,浙江:浙江人民出版社,2000年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. 黃碩風,綜合國力新論:兼論新中國綜合國力,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1999。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.楊中美著,中共外交教父錢其琛,台北:時報文化,1999.年6月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.張萬年主編,當代世界軍事與中國國防,軍事科學出版社,北京:1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.張曉霞,中國高層智囊:影響當今中國發展進程的人之一,修訂版,京華出版社,北京:2000年9月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.雷家驌主編,國家經濟安全理論與方法,北京:經濟科學出版社,2000年12月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.傅高義Ezra F. Vogel1編,吳福生譯,廿一世紀的美國與中國關係 Living with China: U.S.-China Relations in the Twenty-first Century,台北:國防部史政編譯局,2000年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.陳舟著,美國的安全戰略與東亞,世界知識出版社,北京2002年1月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.俞正梁等著,大國戰略研究,北京,中央編譯出版社,1998年10月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.閻學通等,1997-1998年中國戰略與管理研究會國際形勢分析報告,北京,1998。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.閻學通,中國國家利益分析,天津:天津人民出版社,1996。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30.薛君度等,面向二十一世紀的中國周邊形勢,北京:時事出版社,1995。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31.鄭通漢,經濟全球化中的國家經濟安全問題,北京,國防大學出版社,1999。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32.蔡瑋,中共的涉台決策與兩岸關係發展,台北:風雲論壇,2000。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33.蔡偉明主編,轉型中國:亟待解決的問題,北京:改革出版社,1998年12月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34.蘇格,美國對華政策與台灣問題,北京:世界知識出版社,1998。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35錢其琛著,外交十記,北京:世界知識出版社,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36.黎安友Andrew J.Nathan,陸伯彬Robert S.Ross著,長城與空城計:中國尋求安全的戰略,何大明譯,台北:麥田出版社,1998年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二) 期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.王緝思,1996-1997年美國形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁17-32。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.中共研究雜誌社,中共召開十四大綜述,中共年報一九九三,台北:中共研究雜誌社,1993年,頁四-二。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.中共研究雜誌社,剖析李鵬的政府工作報告,中共年報一九九三,台北:中共研究雜誌社,1993年,頁三-一二。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.中華人民共和國憲法修正案,2000年中共年報,台北:中共研究雜誌社,2000年,頁10-13。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.林仲涵,1996-1997年東盟形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁77-88。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.倪孝銓,1996-1997年俄羅斯形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁50-64。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.楚樹龍、彭春艷,冷戰後國際安全理論的發展,現代國際關係,1999年第四期,1999年4月21日,頁28-29。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.閻學通,中國的新安全觀與安全合作的構想,現代國際關係,1997年第11期,1997年11月20日,頁28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.閻學通,1996-1997年國際形勢與中國對外關係報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁4-16。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.劉江永,1996-1997年日本形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁33-49。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.顧關福,1996-1997中亞形勢報告,戰略與管理增刊,北京,1997,頁65-76。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (三) 網站zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.http://www.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~yang/paper-3.htm.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/23/content_704463.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/23/content_704497.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.http://mil.qianlong.com/4919/2004/12/27/228@2444774.htm.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.http://www.mac.gov.tw/mlpolicy/pos/9001/table09.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一)專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Allison, Graham.and Zelikow, Philip. Essence of Decision Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. 2d ed., USA., Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc. Press,1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Buzan, Barry; Waever, Ole and Wilde,Jaap De, Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inczh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Baylis, John. and Smith, Steve eds The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Carpenter Ted Galen and Dorn, James A. eds., China’s Future: Constructive Partner or Emerging Threat? ,Cato Institute,2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Denny, Roy. China’s Foreign Relations. Boston:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Press,1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Draguhn, Werner. And Ash, Robert. China’s Economic Security. New York,St. Martin’s Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Economy, Elizabeth and Oksenberg, Michel eds., China Joins the World:Progress and Prospects, New York:Council on Foreign Relation press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Finnemore, Martha. National Interests in International Society. USA: Connell University Press,1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Goodman, David S.G. and Segal, Gerald. China Rising Nationalism and interdependence. International Institute for Strategic Studies press,1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Gurtov, Mel and Hwang, Byong Moo China’s Security :The New Roles of the Military, London, Lynne Rienner, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Howard, Russ Discussion of The Chinese Security Concept and its Historical Evolution,(2001),10(27),USA,pp.288-292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Hamrin, Carol Lee; Zhao, Suisheng eds. Decision-Making in Deng’s China Perspectives From Insiders, M. E. Sharpe, Inc. U.S.A.1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Hobson, John M., The State and International Relations, USA, Cambridge University press,2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Katzenstein, Peter J. ed. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Polity . New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.Lampton, David M. ed., The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy, Stanford University Press,2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Lieberthal, Kenneth G. and Lampton, David M. edited Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China, USA, University of California Press,1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Nathan, Andrew J. and Ross, Robert S. The Great Wall and The Empty Fortress: China’s Search for Security,New York :Haddon Craftsmen,Inc.1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Pillsbury, Michael, China Debates the Future Security Environment, Washington, DC. National Defense University Press 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Renner, Michael. National Security: The Economic and Environmental Dimensions. Worldwatch Institute,1989.Swaine, Michael D. and Ashley J.Tellis, Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy, Rand, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Swaine, Michael D. The Role of the Chinese Military in National Security Policymaking. Rand Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.Swaine, Michael D. and Tellis, Ashley J. Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy. Rand Press, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.Whiting, S. Allen., China Crosses the Yalu: The Decision to Enter the Korean War, New York: Macmillan, 1960.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.Wu, Jaushieh Joseph China Rising: Implication of Economic and Military Growth in the PRC,Instittute of International Relations National Chengchi University,2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二)期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Adler, Emanuel ,Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Political , European Joural of International Relations,Vol.3(3),pp.340-341.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Cheng, Joseph Yu-shek China’s American Policy: A Turning Point,Journal of Chinese Political Science, Volume 2,Number 2, Summer 1996,pp65-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Glaser, Bonnie S. Disscussion of Four Contradictions constraining China’s Foreign Policy Behavior, Journal of Contemporary China, USA, 2001,vol.10.27th,pp.303-308.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnston ,Alastair Iain, Is China a Status Quo Power?,International Security, Vol. 27, No.4 Spring 2003.04,p34-44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Kang , David C., Getting Asia Wrong:The Need For New Analytical Frameworks, International Security, Vol. 27, No.4 Spring 2003.04,p68-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Shambaugh, David, Containment of Engagement of China? Calculating Beijing`s Responses, International Security, Vol. 21, NO.2, Fall 1996, p.209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Snyder, Robert, The U.S. and Third World Revolutionary States: Understanding the Breakdown in Relations, International Studies Quarterly, 43, 1999, p.286.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Starr, John Bryan, China in 1995: Mounting Problems, Waning Capacity, Asian Survey 36, no. 1, January 1996, pp.13-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Wu, Baiyi, The Chinese Security Concept and its Historical Evolution, Journal of Contemporary China USA,2001,10.27, pp.275-278.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Wu, Jaushieh Joseph China Rising: Implication of Economic and Military Growth in the PRc,Institute of International Relations National Chengchi University,2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Wu, Guoguang, Documentary Politics: Hypotheses, Process, and Case Studies, in,p.26-27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Whiting, Allen S. Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy After Deng, The China Quarterly, 142, 1995, pp.295-316.zh_TW