dc.contributor.advisor | 劉江彬<br>孫遠釗 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.advisor | <br> | en_US |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | 陳則銘 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | Chen , Tze-ming | en_US |
dc.creator (作者) | 陳則銘 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | Chen , Tze-ming | en_US |
dc.date (日期) | 2003 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 17-九月-2009 18:39:53 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 17-九月-2009 18:39:53 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-九月-2009 18:39:53 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) | G0091361003 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33865 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 智慧財產研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 91361003 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 92 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 在高科技之推波助瀾下,新經濟與全球化之競爭模式儼然成形,也使得智慧財產在此競爭中扮演著重要的角色,成為高科技公司逐鹿中原的武器之一。相對地,也迫使高科技公司在全球割喉競爭之壓力下,開始思索如何更快進入戰場,並以智慧財產制敵機先。於是,企業併購策略開始成為高科技公司之經營決策者思考採行之策略。企業併購(Merger and Acquisition)一詞,並非明確之法律定義,實乃商業管理實務界常用之名詞,因此,與其強加定義,不如從併購之模式加以說明,更為精確。併購模式概可歸納為二大模式:一為「收購」,一為「合併」。收購又可區分為「資產收購」與「股權收購」;而合併則有以吸收合併、新設合併及存續合併為主之「法定合併」類型,與以簡式合併、三角合併、強迫合併及實質合併為主之「特殊合併」類型。所謂「收購」,係指收購公司以取得資產或經營權之目的,而以現金或債券、股票等有價證券買受目標公司全部或一部資產或股份之行為。而「合併」則係指兩家或兩家以上之公司,訂立合併契約,並經各當事公司之全體股東同意,或股東會之特別決議同意後,結合成一家公司之法律行為。其因合併而消滅之公司之權利義務,由合併後存續或新設立之公司概括承受,毋須再為個別資產或權利義務之移轉。在企業採行併購策略之動機上,學理與實務上歸納出五種主要之動機,包括:綜效理論假說、多角化經營假說、策略性重組假說、價值低估假說,及代理成本理論與傲慢假說。綜效理論假說主要可歸納出,以追求規模經濟與範疇經濟之「營運綜效」;以風險分散或節稅考量為思考之「財務綜效」;企圖集中市場以形成壟斷之「市場綜效」;及為更精確掌握時機而追求之「起動綜效」。多角化經營則可分別從「複合式多角化」或「中心式多角化」切入討論。而策略性重組假說則著眼於「法規環境改變」或「技術創新改變」致使企業採取併購策略以為因應之面向,加以討論。此外,價值低估價說及代理成本理論與傲慢假說,則與企業經營決策者企圖追求本業之價值極大化無關,卻也經常成為經營決策者採行併購策略之動機。前述企業併購動機之討論,事實上與美國併購歷史上所發生之五次併購浪潮息息相關,而這五次併購浪潮之興衰則亦與美國經濟發展之歷程有關。第一波併購浪潮發生於一八九七年至一九○四年間,其特色主要為「水平整合形成獨占市場」;第二波併購浪潮發生於一九一六年至一九二九年間,其特色主要為「垂直整合以利強化體質」;第三波併購浪潮發生於一九六五年至一九六九年間,其特色主要為「複合式併購擴大多角化」;第四波併購浪潮發生於一九八一年至一九八九年間,其則係以「金融工具激化敵意併購」為主要特色;時至一九九二年至二○○○年間所發生之第五次併購浪潮,則以「策略重組點燃超級併購」,逐漸將以取得智慧財產為目的之併購動機推上台面。亦即,由於全球化競爭而掀起跨國併購,及高科技產業併購之趨勢日盛,以智慧財產之取得規劃併購策略,成為高科技公司開始思考如何將企業價值極大化之策略之一。高科技產業之競爭,已進入「超優勢競爭(Hypercompetition)」之態勢,惟有以動態競爭因應,始能勝出。而智慧財產之佈局與運用在動態競爭情境中,扮演著極為重要之角色。因此,透過併購以取得智慧財產,而得達成「控制新資源,加速企業外部成長」、「改變商業模式,大幅躍進新市場」、「動態競爭中,整合或對抗競爭者」,或「併購取得智慧財產權,待價而沽」之成果,已成為許多高科技公司之策略思考方向。「世上沒有賣不出去的產品,只有賣不出去的價格」。在企業併購的過程中,如何就目標公司之企業價值進行評價往往是決定併購案是否能成功之關鍵。然而,對於企業的營運有重大影響之智慧財產,其「品質」究竟如何,將會對企業未來的營運造成重大的影響。因此,對於高科技產業之併購案,如何透過對於智慧財產進行查核評估(Due Diligence),協助併購交易雙方瞭解目標公司其智慧財產之品質,使雙方得以更正確評估目標公司之價值,並就併購案可能面臨之風險預先進行規劃,即為重要之課題。換言之,由於企業併購交易之內容複雜且代價高昂,動輒為千萬至百億金額的現金交易或股份交換。雖然在交易過程中,賣方或買方通常會準備相關交易資訊及查核評估報告,以提供對方作為評估之用。但由於交易當事人自行提供之資訊通常過於簡略或可能隱惡揚善,為避免在交易價格之決定與交易後風險之承擔及效益之展現上出現問題,因此交易當事人有自行進行查核評估之必要。此即孫子兵法《謀攻篇》中所述「知己知彼,百戰不殆;不知彼不知己,每戰必敗。」所傳達之精神。鑑於智慧財產查核評估是一項耗時費力,且所費不貲之工作,企業內部法律顧問或外部律師在進行智慧財產查核評估時,應對於其查核之範圍有所限制。並非所有智慧財產對於買方公司皆有顯著之影響,因此必須從公司之觀點加以檢視,並以其對於公司所可能產生之價值排序其先後。而除了時間、成本與專業人力投入等因素之考量外,「買方公司之策略目標」、「目標公司之核心競爭力」,與「企業併購交易之模式」將影響智慧財產查核評估所欲進行之範圍。對於高科技公司而言,其企圖藉由併購活動所取得之智慧財產各異,然最主要者,尤其是對於我國公司而言,仍以「專利權」之取得以利企業在全球市場產業價值鏈中之佈局為首要考量。因此本文將就「專利查核」之相關議題,略做探討。而進行專利查核時,除從「專利申請案」、「專利審查歷程」與「法律意見書」等相關文件,進行概略初步審查外,概可聚焦於「目標公司是否確為真正之完整權利擁有者」、「發明之實施是否須依賴業已存在或第三人之權利」、「目標公司之發明是否獲得足夠之保障」、「目標公司之專利是否已為適當之利用」,及「目標公司之專利是否(或可能)涉訟」等面向出發,進行深入探查。深入探究目標公司是否確為真正之完整權利擁有者之議題上,本論文將從「共同發明」、「受雇人之發明」與「部分讓與」所涉及之問題加以討論;而在發明之實施是否須依賴業已存在或第三人之權利之議題上,關於「技術改良與從屬專利」、「交互授權」及「技術輸入授權」涉及之契約約款(例如:契約存續期間、專屬性、可轉讓性與控制權之變更、轉授權、授權範圍、技術改良與回饋授權、擔保與賠償責任、最惠待遇,與過往侵權免責等)所衍生相關問題將為本論文關心之重點。此外,在目標公司之發明是否獲得足夠之保障之議題上,本論文將討論關於「發明之檢討與揭露程序」、「專利權之地理範圍」,及「申請專利範圍與專利審查歷程之檢討」等問題;而關於「授權實施」及「專利濫用」將係買方公司查核目標公司之專利是否已為適當之利用時之重點。最後,在目標公司之專利是否(或可能)涉訟此議題之討論中,本論文將從評估目標公司之專利組合是否侵害第三人之專利權所進行之「專利侵權評估」與如涉及專利侵權訴訟時可能之「反訴或抗辯之評估」。為印證本論文所提高科技公司以併購活動取得智慧財產之策略及所進行之查核評估活動,在結論與建議部分將以一家台灣公司之實際經驗為個案,探討其進行跨國併購時所面臨之問題,並就多數高科技公司所忽略之「競業禁止」問題,以美國法下之經驗,作為高科技公司進行跨國(尤其是美國)併購時,在專利查核之外,亦應注意之建議,以避免研發團隊於併購前後離職或被挖角,對買方公司所造成之傷害。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | A recent survey showed that between two and five emerging technology companies are acquired for every one that does an initial public offering (IPO). Acquisitions can provide strategic, operating and financial benefits to both emerging technology companies and the company acquiring it. A strategic acquisition can provide emerging technology companies’ shareholders with earlier liquidity than an IPO, with less risk and dilution. It also can provide emerging technology companies with the immediate leverage of Buy Company`s established manufacturing or distribution infrastructure, without the dilution, time and risk of internal development. A strategic acquisition can provide Buy Company with the new products and technologies necessary to maintain its competitive advantage, growth rate and profitability. Ill-conceived or badly done acquisitions, however, can result in expense and disruption to both businesses, the discontinuance of good technologies and products, employee dissatisfaction and defection, and poor operating results by the combined company. By understanding the key factors that lead to a successful acquisition, Target Company and Buy Company can improve the probability of achieving one.When considering an M&A transaction, Target Company first step should be to identify the strategic reasons why it wants to be acquired. For example, while Target Company may seek liquidity for its founders and investors, it also may have concluded that its future success requires the synergies of complementary resources and access to the infrastructure of a major corporation. An IPO could provide Target Company’s shareholders with liquidity, but would not immediately address Target Company’s need for product synergy or provide an established infrastructure. Those needs could be better met by finding a strategic buyer for Target Company. Equally important is to identify Buy Company’s strategic objectives in acquiring Target Company. For example, Buy Company may seek to acquire a product line or key technology, gain creative, technical or management talent, or eliminate a competitor. Ultimately, Buy Company will acquire Target Company because it believes M&A transaction is a more effective means of meeting a strategic need and increasing shareholder value than internal development. If Target Company understands its own and Buy Company’s strategic objectives, it can focus on candidates that are most likely to meet its needs and value the assets that it has to offer. While the objectives of individual companies will vary, the following table identifies common strategic objectives that Target Companies and Buy Companies try to achieve through an M&A activity.Target Company Reasons to Be Acquired Buy Company Reasons to Make a M&AAccess to complementary productsAccess to complementary marketsAccess to working capitalAvoid dilution of building own infrastructureBest and fastest return on investmentFaster access to established infrastructureGain critical massImprove distribution capacityMore rapid expansion of customer base Acquire key technologyAcquire a new distribution channelAssure a source of supplyEliminate a competitorExpand or add a product lineGain creative talentGain expertise and entry in a new marketGain a time-to-market advantageIncrease earnings per shareThis study focuses on intellectual property due diligence, especially for the investigation of the benefits and risks associated with the ownership and exploitation of patent right when a company involves in a M&A activity. The increased profile, frequency, and value of intellectual property-related transactions have elevated the need for all legal, financial and managerial professionals and intellectual property owners to have a thorough understanding of the assessment and valuation of these assets and their role in commercial transactions; a detailed assessment of patent right is becoming an increasingly integral part of commercial transactions for the high-technology companies. Acquiring or investing in a business that owns intellectual property assets requires expanding the scope and depth of the due diligence that is usually conducted in such transactions.The process of gathering information and assessing the merits, issues, and risks associated with a business transaction is called “due diligence.” It is a critical exercise in the acquisition and strategic utilization of intellectual property assets. Due diligence is a necessary precursor to funding a new venture, and is critically important in many other business transactions, including mergers, acquisitions, licenses, initial public offerings, and in some instances litigation. In recent years, the commercial importance of patents and other intellectual property has become highly visible. Courts have imposed large damage awards for intellectual property misuse and infringement. Multi-million dollar judgments are no longer a rarity. Courts have also granted significant injunctions to limit the products which a company can market. For instance, Kodak was virtually eliminated from the instant camera market and subject to an extremely high damage award when it was found to infringe patents owned by Polaroid. As a result of these potential events, and the increasing value of intellectual property assets in today’s high technology society, intellectual property matters have become an important aspect of a traditional due diligence study.Intellectual property due diligence can be conducted in preparation for a wide variety of transactions. For example, intellectual property assets should be analyzed in the context of a share purchase or asset transfer, or may require assessment in connection with a capital contribution, in a joint venture or security for a loan, or in preparation of disclosure in connection with an offering of securities. Intellectual property due diligence can also facilitate a company’s thorough internal assessment of its own assets. Such a self-audit can prepare the company for an externally conducted due diligence, such as audited by a buyer company involving in a M&A transaction, and can enhance the company’s own intellectual property planning and management.Intellectual property rights are the product of human thought, born of human needs and aspirations, and manifested by societal values. A thorough intellectual property due diligence also requires consideration of many nonlegal, nonmaterial aspects of the rights involved. The impact of an investment in a specific intellectual property right, and its role and value in a given M&A transaction, can be easily miscalculated if the private and public implications of those rights are not considered. Every intellectual property transaction embodies both individual and societal beliefs and values that can profoundly affect the parties’s strategies and success. The philosophical underpinnings of intellectual property rights are often discussed in academic and philosophical forums. However, these principles deserve reiteration here, in a transaction-specific context. Too often, they are forgotten amidst the binders, cabinets and files full of due diligence documents and analytical reports.In Chapter 4, Patent Due Diligence, it comprises detailed analyses of the key issues to be assessed in the patent investigation. This chapter presents the steps in the legal review that should be undertaken on patents, and reviews the pertinent law pertaining to patent right. This chapter identifies the relevant documents that should be requested, defines the subject right, and analyzes the following substantive questions:Whether Target Company owns the patent right(s);Whether the patent right(s) have been adequately protected;Whether Target Company’s use of the patent right(s) is dependent on third part rights;Whether the scope of patent right(s) is sufficient;Whether the patent right(s) have been properly exploited; andWhether the patent right(s) present a risk of litigation.An investigation of Target Company’s patent assets can require analysis of extensive documentation, as well as knowledge of the specific technical field in which Target Company conducts its business, and of patent law. The circumstances of each particular case will dictate whether specialized patent counsel will need to be retained to assist with the patent due diligence. Buyer Company should be aware that proper preparation of patentability opinions and validity / infringement opinions can require substantial lead time and budget, and should accordingly account for these contingencies.Similarly, a thorough investigation to confirm ownership and assess exploitation of Target Company’s patent portfolio can require discussions regarding contribution of inventive ideas, past and present consultant or employment status of inventors, proper use of assignments, close investigation of the technology, markets, improvement clauses, cross-licenses, and the like. In sum, if Buyer Company specifies Target Company’s patent portfolio as a high priority in the intellectual property due diligence investigation, Buyer Company is well-advised to assign the patent-related investigation tasks to team members and, as applicable, patent experts, early in the due diligence process. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論第一節 研究動機與目的 ……………………………………………………………… 2第二節 研究範圍之界定與研究方法 ………………………………………………… 4第一項 研究範圍之界定 …………………………………………………………… 4第二項 研究方法 …………………………………………………………………… 4第三節 以智慧財產為戰略之新經濟時代 …………………………………………… 6第一項 新經濟的真正精神 ………………………………………………………… 7第二項 智慧財產之意義 …………………………………………………………… 8第三項 智慧財產之歷史源起與沿革 ……………………………………………… 9第一款 開放(Openness)與專屬(Exclusivity) ………………………………11第二款 邀請(Invitation)與入侵(Invasion) …………………………………11第三款 最適專利(Optimal Patent)與實用專利(Practical Patent)…………11第四款 強勢保護(Strong Protection)與弱勢保護(Weak Protection)………12第四項 智慧財產之特性 ……………………………………………………………13第一款 無形性(Invisibility)……………………………………………………14第二款 公共性(Public)…………………………………………………………14第三款 不確定性(Uncertainty)…………………………………………………15第四節 高科技產業概述 ………………………………………………………………16第一項 高科技產業之意義 …………………………………………………………17第一款 數量化定義 ………………………………………………………………17第二款 概念化定義 ………………………………………………………………17第二項 高科技產業之特性 …………………………………………………………18第五節 論文研究架構 …………………………………………………………………19第二章 企業併購理論概述第一節 企業併購之意義與模式 ………………………………………………………24第一項 收購(Acquisition)…………………………………………………………25第三款 資產收購(Asset Acquisition)…………………………………………26第四款 股權收購(Share Acquisition)…………………………………………28第一目 公開收購(tender offer)………………………………………………28第二目 融資收購(leveraged buyout)…………………………………………30第三目 股份交換(stock-for-stock exchange)…………………………………31第二項 合併(Merger)………………………………………………………………33第一款 法定合併(Statutory Merger)……………………………………………33第一目 吸收合併(merger)……………………………………………………34第二目 新設合併(consolidation)………………………………………………35第三目 存續合併(amalgamation)……………………………………………37第二款 特殊合併(Variation Merger)……………………………………………37第一目 簡式合併(short-form merger)………………………………………38第二目 子公司式或三角合併(subsidiary / triangular merger)………………38第三目 強迫合併(cash-out / freeze-out merger)……………………………42一、 整合式或二階段合併(integrated / two-step merger)………………42二、 下市或恢復式合併(going-private / retrieval merger)………………43第四目 實質合併(de facto merger)……………………………………………43第三項 小結-從免稅考量觀察併購模式 …………………………………………44第一款 A型公司組織重組(A Reorganization)…………………………………45第二款 B型公司組織重組(B Reorganization)…………………………………46第三款 C型公司組織重組(C Reorganization)…………………………………47第二節 企業併購之動機 ………………………………………………………………50第一項 綜效理論假說(Synergy Theory Hypothesis)………………………………51第一款 營運綜效(Operating Synergy)…………………………………………52第一目 規模經濟(economies of scale)………………………………………52第二目 範疇經濟(economies of scope)………………………………………53第二款 市場綜效(Market Synergy)………………………………………………54第三款 起動綜效(Starting Synergy)……………………………………………55第四款 財務綜效(Financial Synergy)……………………………………………56第一目 風險分散(risk reduction)……………………………………………56第二目 節稅考量(tax consideration)………………………………………57第二項 多角化經營假說(Diversification Hypothesis)……………………………58第一款 複合式多角化(Conglomerate Diversification)…………………………59第二款 中心式多角化(Concentric Diversification)……………………………61第三項 策略性重組假說(Strategic Realignment Hypothesis)……………………62第一款 法規環境改變(Regulatory Environment Change)………………………62第二款 技術創新改變(Technological Innovation Change)……………………64第四項 價值低估假說(Undervalued Hypothesis)………………………………65第五項 代理成本理論與傲慢假說 …………………………………………………67第一款 代理成本理論(Agency Cost Theory)………………………………68第二款 傲慢假說(Hubris Hypothesis)…………………………………………69第一目 經營決策者自利假說(managerial self-serving hypothesis)…………70第二目 經營決策者自滿假說(managerial self-importance hypothesis)……70第六項 小結-從產業生命週期與經濟效益分析檢視併購動機 …………………71第一款 從產業生命週期檢視併購動機 …………………………………………72第二款 從經濟分析檢視併購動機 ………………………………………………74第一目 水平合併之經濟分析 …………………………………………………75第二目 垂直合併之經濟分析 …………………………………………………77第三目 複合式合併之經濟分析 ………………………………………………80第三節 企業併購之發展-以美國為中心的併購思潮之轉變 ………………………82第一項 第一波併購浪潮(1897-1904)-水平整合形成獨占市場 ……………83第二項 第二波併購浪潮(1916-1929)-垂直整合以利強化體質 ……………85第三項 第三波併購浪潮(1965-1969)-複合式併購擴大多角化 ……………87第四項 第四波併購浪潮(1981-1989)-金融工具激化敵意併購 ……………88第五項 第五波併購浪潮(1992-2000)-策略重組點燃超級併購 ……………90第六項 下一波併購浪潮,誰是主角? ……………………………………………93第一款 全球化競爭掀起跨國併購 ………………………………………………94第二款 高科技產業併購風起雲湧 ………………………………………………95第三章 企業併購之智慧財產策略規劃第一節 超優勢競爭(Hypercompetition)下之動態競爭策略 ……………………102第一項 奪取先驅者優勢 …………………………………………………………104第二項 後進者之模仿與改良 ……………………………………………………106第三項 先驅者建立模仿障礙 ……………………………………………………108第四項 後進者克服障礙 …………………………………………………………111第五項 轉變策略與躍進策略 ……………………………………………………112第六項 整合策略 …………………………………………………………………113第二節 智慧財產管理策略-以智慧財產規劃競爭策略……………………………115第一項 控制新資源,加速企業外部成長 ………………………………………116第二項 改變商業模式,大幅躍進新市場 ………………………………………118第三項 動態競爭中,整合或對抗競爭者 ………………………………………119第四項 併購取得智慧財產,以待價而沽 ………………………………………122第三節 個案研究-以P公司為例 …………………………………………………125第一項 個案公司簡介 ……………………………………………………………125第二項 產業競爭分析 ……………………………………………………………125第三項 併購相關議題 ……………………………………………………………127第一款 併購動機與智慧財產管理策略 ………………………………………127第二款 併購模式 ………………………………………………………………128第四章 併購交易之法律規劃-以專利查核評估為核心第一節 序論 …………………………………………………………………………132第一項 查核評估(Due Diligence)概述 ………………………………………132第一款 查核評估適用於企業併購程序之意義 ………………………………133第二款 查核評估之重要性 ……………………………………………………135第二項 查核評估之範圍-以智慧財產查核評估為核心 ………………………137第三項 影響智慧財產查核評估範圍之因素 ……………………………………140第一款 買方公司之策略目標 ………………………………………………140第二款 目標公司之核心競爭力 ……………………………………………142第三款 企業併購交易之模式 ………………………………………………143第二節 專利查核(Patent Audit)……………………………………………………146第一項 相關文件之查核 …………………………………………………………147第一款 專利申請案 ……………………………………………………………147第一目 一般申請(non-provisional application)…………………………148第二目 暫時性申請(provisional application)………………………………149第三目 分割申請(divisional application)…………………………………151第四目 延續與部分延續(continuations-in-part)申請 ……………………152第五目 重新領證申請(reissues application)………………………………153第六目 衝突程序(interferences proceedings)………………………………154第二款 專利審查歷程(Prosecution Histories)………………………………156第三款 法律意見書(Opinion Letters)…………………………………………157第一目 專利效力法律意見書(validity opinion letter)……………………157第二目 未侵權法律意見書(non-infringement opinion letter)……………159第二項 目標公司是否確為真正之完整權利擁有者 ……………………………160第一款 原始取得 ………………………………………………………………161第一目 共同發明(joint inventorship)……………………………………162一、 共同發明人之權利 …………………………………………………163二、 共同發明對於目標公司權利之影響 ………………………………164三、 共同發明之歸屬錯置 ………………………………………………165第二目 受雇人之發明 ………………………………………………………166一、 雇用人之權利 ………………………………………………………166二、 事實上之默示讓與(implied-in-fact assignment)…………………167三、 受雇人發明之營業權(shop rights in inventions)…………………168第二款 繼受取得 ………………………………………………………………169第一目 讓與行為之法律形式(assignment formalities)……………………170第二目 部分讓與(assignments-in-part)……………………………………171第三項 發明之實施是否須依賴業已存在或第三人之權利 ……………………174第一款 從屬技術與技術改良 …………………………………………………175第一目 技術改良與從屬專利(improvement and dependent patents)………175第二目 共生專利(symbiotic patents)………………………………………176第二款 交互授權(Cross-Licenses)……………………………………………177第三款 技術輸入授權(In-Bound License)……………………………………179第一目 授權人之確定及其授權技術之查核評估 …………………………179第二目 授權契約約款 ………………………………………………………180一、 契約存續期間(duration of license)…………………………………181二、 專屬性(exclusivity)………………………………………………182三、 可轉讓性與控制權之變更(assignability and change of control)…185四、 轉授權(sub-license)………………………………………………186五、 授權範圍(scope of license)………………………………………189(一) 授權專利與授權產品(licensed patent and licensed product)……190(二) 全球性授權(worldwide license)………………………………191(三) 包裹授權(package license)……………………………………192六、 技術改良與回饋授權(improvements and grant-backs)……………194七、 擔保與賠償責任(warranties and indemnifications)………………195(一) 專利權效力之擔保 ………………………………………………195(二) 產品製造責任擔保 ………………………………………………196(三) 授權技術之品質與效能擔保 ……………………………………197八、 最惠待遇(most-favored treatment)…………………………………197九、 過往侵權免責(release for past infringement)………………………200第四項 目標公司之發明是否獲得足夠之保障 …………………………………201第一款 發明之檢討與揭露程序 ………………………………………………201第二款 專利權之地理範圍 ……………………………………………………202第三款 申請專利範圍與專利審查歷程之檢討 ………………………………206第五項 目標公司之專利是否已為適當之利用 …………………………………208第一款 授權實施 ……………………………………………………………208第一目 終止契約約款(termination clause)………………………………209第二目 專利標示(patent marking)之要求 ………………………………210第二款 專利濫用 ……………………………………………………………212第一目 權利主張之濫用(enforcement misuse)…………………………213第二目 授權實施之濫用(misuse in licensing practices)…………………214第六項 目標公司之專利是否(或可能)涉訟 …………………………………216第一款 專利侵權評估 ………………………………………………………217第一目 文義(literal)侵權與均等(equivalent)侵權 ……………………218第二目 侵權通知(notice of infringement)…………………………………220第三目 合理補償(reasonable compensation)………………………………221第四目 惡意侵權(willful infringement)……………………………………222第二款 反訴(Counterclaim)或抗辯(Defense)之評估 ……………………223第一目 專利無效(invalidity)……………………………………………224一、 新穎性之欠缺 ……………………………………………………225二、 非顯著性之欠缺 …………………………………………………226三、 不予專利之除外標的(exceptional subject matter)………………227第二目 衡平防禦(equitable defense)………………………………………227一、 不正當之行為(inequitable conduct)………………………………228二、 怠忽遲誤行為(laches)…………………………………………229三、 默示授權(implied licenses)與衡平禁反言(equitable estoppel) 230第三目 未涉侵權(non-infringement)………………………………………232一、 申請歷程禁反言(prosecution history estoppel)…………………232二、 先前技術之限制(prior art limitation)……………………………234三、 逆均等論(reverse doctrine of equivalents)…………………………235第三款 技術改良之評估 ………………………………………………………236第五章 結論與建議第一節 專利查核評估核對表(Patent Due Diligence Checklist)……………………241第二節 問題檢討與建議 ……………………………………………………………243第一項 問題檢討 …………………………………………………………………243第二項 建議提出-美國法下之競業禁止約款 …………………………………245第三節 未來研究建議 ………………………………………………………………248附 錄-論文參考資料 | zh_TW |
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dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091361003 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 併購 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 智慧財產 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 查核評估 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 超優勢競爭 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 專利查核 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 競爭優勢 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 管理策略 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Merger and Acquisition | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Interllectual Property | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Due Diligence | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Hypercompetition | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Patent Audit | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Competitive Advantage | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Managerial Strategy | en_US |
dc.title (題名) | 企業併購之相關智慧財產管理策略與法律規劃研究-以併購美國高科技公司時之專利查核評估探微 | zh_TW |
dc.title (題名) | The Study on Related Strategy of Intellectual Property Management and Legal Planning in Corporate M&A-Towards the Patent Due Diligence of Merging / Acquiring an U.S. High-Technology Company | en_US |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 壹、中文文獻 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 一、專書部分 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 07. MARKS, Mitchell Lee & Philip Mirvis, Joining Forces: Making one plus one equal three in mergers, acquisitions, and alliances(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1997)(中譯本:林麗寬譯,「企業力結合-企業購併&聯盟教戰手冊」,汐止:中國生產力中心,1999年) | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 30. 陳長文,「財經法律與企業經營-導論」,收錄於「財經法律與企業經營」,台北:元照,2002年。 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 32. 陳國慈,「科技企業與智慧財產」,新竹:國立清華大學出版社,2002年。 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 06. 古清華,「如何建立智財權管理制度」,收錄於「智財權教戰守則」,台北財團法人資訊工業策進會科技法律中心,2000年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 07. 江炯聰,「高度技術產業之經營管理發展策略」,台灣經濟研究月刊,第七卷第一期,1984年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 08. 余尚武、江玉柏,「影響企業購併之成敗因素與策略探討」,經濟情勢暨評論季刊,第四卷第二期,1998年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 09. 邱宏仁,「企業資源能力與價值創造程序之全球配置:解析台商之國際併購策略與實務」,經濟情勢暨評論季刊,第四卷第二期,1998年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 10. 何之邁,「論企業之結合」,收錄於氏著「公平交易法專論」,台北:自版,1993年。 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12. 林仁光,「企業併購規範與組織再造規範制度之重新檢視」,月旦民商法雜誌,創刊號,2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 13. 林仁光,「企業併購與組織再造法制之研究」,收錄於2002財務金融學術研討會論文集,台北:台灣財務金融學會,2002年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 14. 周延鵬,「企業實施智慧財產權管理制度的困境」,收錄於「智財權教戰守則」,台北:財團法人資訊工業策進會科技法律中心,2000年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 15. 周延鵬,「智慧資本投資保障的完整性」,政大智慧財產評論,第一卷第一期,2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 16. 周延鵬,「中國知識產權戰略試探-一件中國專利將等於或大於一件美國專利的經濟價值」,政大智慧財產評論,第二卷第一期,2004年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 17. 姚欣欣,「從全球購併風潮看未來網路業發展」,國際經濟情勢週報,第一三五三期, 2000年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 18. 許曉芬,「電腦軟體與商業方法之專利保護:歐洲發展」,政大智慧財產評論,第一卷第一期,2003。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 19. 莊春發,「競爭概念的發展、演變與反托拉斯政策」,公平交易季刊,第六卷第一期,1998年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 20. 莊謙信,「中國大陸《外商投資創業投資企業管理規定》之評析」,收錄於「2003全國科技法律研討會論文集」,新竹:國立交通大學科技法律研究所,2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 21. 孫遠釗,「美國智慧財產權法最新發展與評析(2000-2003)」,政大智慧財產評論,第一卷第一期,台北:國立政治大學智慧財產研究所,2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 22. 陳怡之、羅麗珠、李靜芳,「高科技公司進行購併之智慧財產權與管理問題」,收錄於「1999全國智慧財產權研討會論文集」,新竹:國立交通大學企業法律中心,1999年。 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 24. 陳智超,「論專利權之效力」,IPO專利商品化網站-專家論壇(http://www.tipo.gov.tw/pcm/pro_list.asp),經濟部智慧財產局,2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 25. 陳歆,「專利授權合約必知(上)(下)」,IPO專利商品化網站-專家論壇(http://www.tipo.gov.tw/pcm/pro_list.asp),經濟部智慧財產局,2002年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 26. 連峻慶,「技術鑑價在併購交易中之應用」,智識網(http://www.ipnavigator.com.tw/),2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 27. 黃俊英、凌儀玲,「企業內部營業秘密之保護措施-兼論智慧財產權下的員工管理」,收錄於「1998全國智慧財產權研討會論文集」,新竹:國立交通大學企業法律中心, 1998年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 28. 黃達業,「我國金融監理機構之設計與各式可行方案之比較」,國家政策季刊,第一卷第一期(創刊號),2002年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 29. 馮博生,「智慧財產權跨國訴訟之管理與策略」,收錄於「財經法律與企業經營」,台北:元照,2002年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 30. 馮震宇,「知識經濟時代之智慧財產權問題與挑戰」,收錄於「知識經濟與法制改造研討會專輯」,台北:元照,2002年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 31. 馮震宇,「高科技產業進行購併應注意的法律問題」,經濟情勢暨評論季刊,第四卷第二期,1998年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 32. 馮震宇,「從Lexmark案看科技保護措施立法的負面影響」,智權情報網(http://www.apipa.org.tw),財團法人亞太智慧財產權發展基金會,2003年。 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 34. 翁岳生,「論『不確定法律概念』與行政裁量之關係」,載於氏著「行政法與現代法治國家」,台北:自版,1982年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 35. 劉尚志,「我國新興高科技製造業的競爭力與策略佈局:以TFT-LCD產業發展為例」,科技發展政策報導,SR8810,1999年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 36. 劉紹梁,「我國併購法制的蛻變與前瞻」,經社法制論叢,第三十二期,2003年。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 37. 劉承愚,「高科技產業併購之法律實地審查」,收錄於「1999全國智慧財產權研討會論文集」,新竹:國立交通大學企業法律中心,1999年。 | zh_TW |
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 39. 劉瑞圖,「發展高科技產業之途徑」,工業簡訊,第十八卷第二期,1988年。 | zh_TW |
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