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題名 學研機構研發成果商業化可行性評估機制之探討-以生物科技領域為例
Feasibility Evaluation Mechanism for Commercialization of R&D Achievements in Academic and Research Institutes --- Focus on Biotechnology Field
作者 歐師維
Ou, Shih Wei
貢獻者 劉江彬<br>陳桂恆
Liu, Paul C. B.<br>Chen, Keith
歐師維
Ou, Shih Wei
關鍵詞 研發成果
智慧財產
商業化
可行性評估
生物科技
國立陽明大學
中央研究院
工業技術研究院
R & D Achievement
Intellectual Property (IP)
Commercialization
Feasibility Evaluation Mechanism (FEM)
Biotechnology
National Yang-Ming University (NYMU)
Academia Sinica
Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
日期 2008
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 18:41:36 (UTC+8)
摘要 學術研究機構向來是科技創新的主要動力來源，許多與人類生活息息相關的發明多半來自於學術研究機構此一孕育創新的搖籃。此外，一個國家的學術研究能量往往也反映了該國的技術能力與競爭力，因此世界各國無不投注大量資源於大專院校及研究機構，期望除了學術產出之外，亦能將原始的創新概念透過研發活動轉化為智慧財產，並進一步將其商業化，滿足市場需求，實現知識之最大價值。
我國之學術研究能量並不落於美、歐、日等主要技術領先國之後，從我國政府投注於學術研發活動之經費、歷年發表於SCI、EI等期刊論文以及取得美國專利之數量等科技發展成果指標便可說明此點，然我國於1999年通過與美國拜杜法案意義相當之科技基本法至今已滿九年，各學研機構之專利申請量雖有成長之勢，然而2007年實際之智慧財產權收益卻僅佔研發總投入費用的0.87%；2005年全國技術貿易額收支比僅達0.23，與美、日、英等國相較，實可謂差強人意，顯見我國在研發成果商業化上已面臨一定瓶頸。
在知識大爆炸方興未艾的二十一世紀，可以預見的是將有越來越多的研發成果持續產出，學研機構花費於取得並維護智慧財產之費用亦將持續提高，如何在產出的眾多研發成果及專利中，篩選出真正有商業化潛力之標的，以將有限的人力、時間、資金等資源投注於其上並轉化為實質的經濟效益，將是學研機構進行研發成果商業化時的重要課題；此外，在學研機構法人化之潮流下，若未來大學等學研單位須自行負擔大部份資金之籌措時，此一評估機制將更顯重要。另，在資訊高度不對稱的情況下，技術需求方難以辨認技術供給方之技術是否為適合之交易標的，因此若能建立一套商業化可行性評估機制，亦能使雙方間之資訊交流更為順暢，促進技術之移轉與商業化。
因此，本研究嘗試提出一研發成果商業化可行性評估機制，以供學研機構進行內部評估，使國內「悶住」的研發能量得以透過有效的評估機制而活化。又，由於不同科技領域所適用之商業化可行性評估方式將有所差異，而生物科技領域為二十一世紀科技發展中之重要領域，且列為政府政策下的重點發展產業之一，加以作者本身之相關學經歷背景，是以本研究選擇生物科技領域研發成果為討論之重點。
本研究分別從5W的角度來探討研發成果商業化可行性之評估機制，分別是進行商業化可行性評估之目的(Why)、進行商業化可行性評估之時點(When)、商業化可行性評估之執行者(Who)、評估所需資訊之取得(How)以及進行商業化可行性評估時所需考量之因素(What)，最後建立一研發成果商業化可行性評估機制，作為本研究之核心概念以及後續個案探討之依據。
此外，本研究針對研發成果商業化可行性評估之各項構面進行介紹，並提出學研機構於進行評估時在各構面應考量之重要項目與問題。依所建立之評估機制與架構流程，將評估構面分為技術、智慧財產、市場、法規與財務五大構面，並以技術與智慧財產構面為探討之重點。
由於本研究之研究對象為學術研究機構，且以生物科技領域為重心，故由大專院校、基礎研究機構及應用研究機構中各挑選一具代表性之單位作為個案研究對象，分別為國立陽明大學、中央研究院以及財團法人工業技術研究院，透過與各機構之研發成果管理專責單位進行訪談，深入了解其運作機制與現況，以期綜覽各類型學研機構之研發成果商業化可行性評估機制，並得出研究發現及建議。
根據個案研究之發現，本研究對於國內學研機構之整體建議，主要包括：研發成果商業化可行性評估機制應依機構之目的、性質、智財管理現況加以擬定；研發成果商業化可行性評估之構面應配合研發成果之性質及開發階段而設定，並以技術構面為基礎，智財構面為樞紐連結市場與法規構面之評估，最後以財務構面進行統合；而學研機構若欲採外部審查方式執行評估工作，須考量可能之缺失；此外，研發成果商業化可行性之評估應由具備跨領域能力之團隊加以執行，並應使具備產業經驗與市場背景之人員有一定程度之涉入；再者，生物科技領域研發成果因其本質上之特殊性，故於進行商業化可行性評估時，有諸多因素需加以考量；最後，政府可主動協助建立專業之機構或團隊，提供學研機構進行研發成果商業化可行性評估甚至後續之技術行銷服務，以有效符合規模經濟、範疇經濟與專業、客觀之考量。
Academic and research institutes are the origins of technology innovation. Many of the significant inventions were devised in these cradles of innovation. Academic and research power can often indicates the technology capability and competency of a nation. Every government invests vast resources to universities and research institutes in order not only to make academic publication but also to realize the maximum value of the knowledge through converting the innovative ideas into intellectual properties (IP) and further commercializing the R&D achievements to meet the market needs.

The academic researches in Taiwan can compete with the technological leading countries such as the U.S, Japan, and E.U. countries, in terms of some science and technology indicators like R & D expenditure, SCI / EI publications, and the number of U.S. patent granted. Nevertheless, the actual revenue generated by IP in 2007 was only account for 0.87% of the total R&D input and the coverage ratio of technology balance of payments was only 0.23 in 2005. The fact indicates that there were some barriers on the path of R&D commercialization in Taiwan.

In the 21st century of knowledge explosion, it is predictable that more and more R&D achievements will be generated from academic institutes and the expenses devoted to the acquisition and protection of IP will keep rising. Therefore, it will become a critical issue in academic institutes to sieve out the targets of the higher commercial potential from numerous R&D results and patents so as to concentrate the time, human and financial resources on those targets for its further commercialization. Moreover, under the highly asymmetrical information situation during the technology trading, technology buyers have difficulty in identifying whether the technology is a suitable trading target or not. A well-established feasibility evaluation mechanism will also stimulate the interflow of information and promote the technology transfer and commercialization.

Accordingly, this thesis will try to establish a feasibility evaluation mechanism (FEM) for commercialization of R&D achievements in academic institutes in order to activate the stuffy R&D energy in Taiwan. Biotechnology is one of the most important fields of technology in the 21st century and thus be the main concern of the discussion of this thesis.

This thesis will investigate the feasibility evaluation mechanism for commercialization of R&D achievements on a “5W” basis, including the purposes of evaluation (why), the time of evaluation (when), the executives of evaluation (who), the information needed in the evaluation process (how), and the factors that should be taken into consideration in the evaluation process (what). Accordingly, a feasibility evaluation mechanism for commercialization of R&D achievements will be established as the central concept of this study and as the ground of follow-up case analysis.

In addition, each aspects of feasibility evaluation as well as the significant issues and questions of each aspect will be illustrated in this study. According to the feasibility evaluation mechanism and framework established in this study, there are five main evaluation aspects including the technical aspect, intellectual property aspect, market aspect, legal aspect, and financial aspect.

The main subjects of this study were the academic institutes in biotechnology field in Taiwan, the National Yang-Ming University, the Academia Sinica, and the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). These institutes are chosen as the subjects of case study standing respectively for the higher education institute, basic research institute, and the applied research institute. By way of interviewing the personnel of R&D achievements and IPR management department in the institutes in question, the feasibility evaluation mechanism implemented by different types of academic institutes was investigated to delineate the key findings, followed up with some practical advices.

The overall advices proposed by this study for the academic institutes in Taiwan were summarized as follows: (1) The feasibility evaluation mechanism for commercialization of R&D achievements should be devised in accordance with the purpose, the nature, and the IP management status of each institute. (2) The feasibility evaluation should be set to match up the development stage of the R&D achievements and take the technical aspect as the groundwork, IP aspect as the pivot connecting to the market and legal aspect, and the financial aspect as an integrated result. (3) Evaluation executed by external parties may be of some defects that should be taken into consideration. (4) The feasibility evaluation for R&D commercialization should be executed by multi-disciplinary team and the industry-experienced or market personnel should as well participate in the evaluation process. (5) Due to the characteristics of biotechnology, many special factors should be involved in the evaluation process. (6) The government may actively assist in setting up a professional organization or team to provide feasibility evaluation and even the further technology marketing services to meet the consideration of economies of scale/ scope, specialty, and objectivity.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
智慧財產研究所
95361004
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095361004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉江彬<br>陳桂恆zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Paul C. B.<br>Chen, Keithen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 歐師維zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Ou, Shih Weien_US
dc.creator (作者) 歐師維zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ou, Shih Weien_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 18:41:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 18:41:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 18:41:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0095361004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33876-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 智慧財產研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95361004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 學術研究機構向來是科技創新的主要動力來源，許多與人類生活息息相關的發明多半來自於學術研究機構此一孕育創新的搖籃。此外，一個國家的學術研究能量往往也反映了該國的技術能力與競爭力，因此世界各國無不投注大量資源於大專院校及研究機構，期望除了學術產出之外，亦能將原始的創新概念透過研發活動轉化為智慧財產，並進一步將其商業化，滿足市場需求，實現知識之最大價值。
我國之學術研究能量並不落於美、歐、日等主要技術領先國之後，從我國政府投注於學術研發活動之經費、歷年發表於SCI、EI等期刊論文以及取得美國專利之數量等科技發展成果指標便可說明此點，然我國於1999年通過與美國拜杜法案意義相當之科技基本法至今已滿九年，各學研機構之專利申請量雖有成長之勢，然而2007年實際之智慧財產權收益卻僅佔研發總投入費用的0.87%；2005年全國技術貿易額收支比僅達0.23，與美、日、英等國相較，實可謂差強人意，顯見我國在研發成果商業化上已面臨一定瓶頸。
在知識大爆炸方興未艾的二十一世紀，可以預見的是將有越來越多的研發成果持續產出，學研機構花費於取得並維護智慧財產之費用亦將持續提高，如何在產出的眾多研發成果及專利中，篩選出真正有商業化潛力之標的，以將有限的人力、時間、資金等資源投注於其上並轉化為實質的經濟效益，將是學研機構進行研發成果商業化時的重要課題；此外，在學研機構法人化之潮流下，若未來大學等學研單位須自行負擔大部份資金之籌措時，此一評估機制將更顯重要。另，在資訊高度不對稱的情況下，技術需求方難以辨認技術供給方之技術是否為適合之交易標的，因此若能建立一套商業化可行性評估機制，亦能使雙方間之資訊交流更為順暢，促進技術之移轉與商業化。
因此，本研究嘗試提出一研發成果商業化可行性評估機制，以供學研機構進行內部評估，使國內「悶住」的研發能量得以透過有效的評估機制而活化。又，由於不同科技領域所適用之商業化可行性評估方式將有所差異，而生物科技領域為二十一世紀科技發展中之重要領域，且列為政府政策下的重點發展產業之一，加以作者本身之相關學經歷背景，是以本研究選擇生物科技領域研發成果為討論之重點。
本研究分別從5W的角度來探討研發成果商業化可行性之評估機制，分別是進行商業化可行性評估之目的(Why)、進行商業化可行性評估之時點(When)、商業化可行性評估之執行者(Who)、評估所需資訊之取得(How)以及進行商業化可行性評估時所需考量之因素(What)，最後建立一研發成果商業化可行性評估機制，作為本研究之核心概念以及後續個案探討之依據。
此外，本研究針對研發成果商業化可行性評估之各項構面進行介紹，並提出學研機構於進行評估時在各構面應考量之重要項目與問題。依所建立之評估機制與架構流程，將評估構面分為技術、智慧財產、市場、法規與財務五大構面，並以技術與智慧財產構面為探討之重點。
由於本研究之研究對象為學術研究機構，且以生物科技領域為重心，故由大專院校、基礎研究機構及應用研究機構中各挑選一具代表性之單位作為個案研究對象，分別為國立陽明大學、中央研究院以及財團法人工業技術研究院，透過與各機構之研發成果管理專責單位進行訪談，深入了解其運作機制與現況，以期綜覽各類型學研機構之研發成果商業化可行性評估機制，並得出研究發現及建議。
根據個案研究之發現，本研究對於國內學研機構之整體建議，主要包括：研發成果商業化可行性評估機制應依機構之目的、性質、智財管理現況加以擬定；研發成果商業化可行性評估之構面應配合研發成果之性質及開發階段而設定，並以技術構面為基礎，智財構面為樞紐連結市場與法規構面之評估，最後以財務構面進行統合；而學研機構若欲採外部審查方式執行評估工作，須考量可能之缺失；此外，研發成果商業化可行性之評估應由具備跨領域能力之團隊加以執行，並應使具備產業經驗與市場背景之人員有一定程度之涉入；再者，生物科技領域研發成果因其本質上之特殊性，故於進行商業化可行性評估時，有諸多因素需加以考量；最後，政府可主動協助建立專業之機構或團隊，提供學研機構進行研發成果商業化可行性評估甚至後續之技術行銷服務，以有效符合規模經濟、範疇經濟與專業、客觀之考量。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Academic and research institutes are the origins of technology innovation. Many of the significant inventions were devised in these cradles of innovation. Academic and research power can often indicates the technology capability and competency of a nation. Every government invests vast resources to universities and research institutes in order not only to make academic publication but also to realize the maximum value of the knowledge through converting the innovative ideas into intellectual properties (IP) and further commercializing the R&D achievements to meet the market needs.

The academic researches in Taiwan can compete with the technological leading countries such as the U.S, Japan, and E.U. countries, in terms of some science and technology indicators like R & D expenditure, SCI / EI publications, and the number of U.S. patent granted. Nevertheless, the actual revenue generated by IP in 2007 was only account for 0.87% of the total R&D input and the coverage ratio of technology balance of payments was only 0.23 in 2005. The fact indicates that there were some barriers on the path of R&D commercialization in Taiwan.

In the 21st century of knowledge explosion, it is predictable that more and more R&D achievements will be generated from academic institutes and the expenses devoted to the acquisition and protection of IP will keep rising. Therefore, it will become a critical issue in academic institutes to sieve out the targets of the higher commercial potential from numerous R&D results and patents so as to concentrate the time, human and financial resources on those targets for its further commercialization. Moreover, under the highly asymmetrical information situation during the technology trading, technology buyers have difficulty in identifying whether the technology is a suitable trading target or not. A well-established feasibility evaluation mechanism will also stimulate the interflow of information and promote the technology transfer and commercialization.

Accordingly, this thesis will try to establish a feasibility evaluation mechanism (FEM) for commercialization of R&D achievements in academic institutes in order to activate the stuffy R&D energy in Taiwan. Biotechnology is one of the most important fields of technology in the 21st century and thus be the main concern of the discussion of this thesis.

This thesis will investigate the feasibility evaluation mechanism for commercialization of R&D achievements on a “5W” basis, including the purposes of evaluation (why), the time of evaluation (when), the executives of evaluation (who), the information needed in the evaluation process (how), and the factors that should be taken into consideration in the evaluation process (what). Accordingly, a feasibility evaluation mechanism for commercialization of R&D achievements will be established as the central concept of this study and as the ground of follow-up case analysis.

In addition, each aspects of feasibility evaluation as well as the significant issues and questions of each aspect will be illustrated in this study. According to the feasibility evaluation mechanism and framework established in this study, there are five main evaluation aspects including the technical aspect, intellectual property aspect, market aspect, legal aspect, and financial aspect.

The main subjects of this study were the academic institutes in biotechnology field in Taiwan, the National Yang-Ming University, the Academia Sinica, and the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). These institutes are chosen as the subjects of case study standing respectively for the higher education institute, basic research institute, and the applied research institute. By way of interviewing the personnel of R&D achievements and IPR management department in the institutes in question, the feasibility evaluation mechanism implemented by different types of academic institutes was investigated to delineate the key findings, followed up with some practical advices.

The overall advices proposed by this study for the academic institutes in Taiwan were summarized as follows: (1) The feasibility evaluation mechanism for commercialization of R&D achievements should be devised in accordance with the purpose, the nature, and the IP management status of each institute. (2) The feasibility evaluation should be set to match up the development stage of the R&D achievements and take the technical aspect as the groundwork, IP aspect as the pivot connecting to the market and legal aspect, and the financial aspect as an integrated result. (3) Evaluation executed by external parties may be of some defects that should be taken into consideration. (4) The feasibility evaluation for R&D commercialization should be executed by multi-disciplinary team and the industry-experienced or market personnel should as well participate in the evaluation process. (5) Due to the characteristics of biotechnology, many special factors should be involved in the evaluation process. (6) The government may actively assist in setting up a professional organization or team to provide feasibility evaluation and even the further technology marketing services to meet the consideration of economies of scale/ scope, specialty, and objectivity.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與議題 3
第三節 研究方法與架構 4
第四節 研究限制 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 研發成果與智慧財產 7
壹、研發成果 7
貳、智慧財產 11
第二節 商業化 15
壹、商業化之定義 15
貳、商業化之流程 16
參、商業化之要素 20
第三節 生物科技 22
壹、生物科技之定義與範圍 22
貳、生物科技領域之特性 24
第三章 研發成果商業化可行性之評估機制 28
第一節 商業化可行性評估概述 28
壹、 商業化可行性之意義 28
貳、 進行商業化可行性評估之目的 29
第二節 商業化可行性評估之時點 34
壹、進行研發活動前之可行性評估(評估時點1，E1) 34
貳、研發成果揭露後，申請專利前之可行性評估(評估時點2，E2) 35
參、申請或取得專利後，進行技術行銷前之可行性評估(評估時點3，E3) 36
肆、洽談授權或技術移轉事宜，簽訂契約前之可行性評估(評估時點4，E4) 36
伍、完成研發成果商業化後之績效評估(評估時點5，E5) 36
第三節 評估之執行 37
壹、評估執行之管理 37
貳、評估執行之單位 37
參、評估團隊之組成 39
第四節 資訊之取得 41
壹、內部資訊 41
貳、外部資訊 41
第五節 商業化可行性評估之考量因素 44
壹、透過專家問卷調查所得之結果 44
貳、須由研發人員提供之資訊項目 45
參、策略性技術評估方案(Strategic Technology Evaluation Program, STEP) 46
肆、商業發展輪(Business Development Wheel, BDW)模式 47
伍、創投業者之考量因素 50
陸、其他考量因素 50
第六節 小結---評估機制與架構之建立 51
壹、研發成果商業化可行性評估機制 51
貳、研發成果商業化可行性評估之架構與流程 53
第四章 研發成果商業化可行性評估之各項構面 56
第一節 技術構面之評估 57
壹、技術核心與優勢 57
貳、技術團隊 57
參、技術應用領域分析 58
肆、與其他技術之依賴度與相容性 61
伍、目前開發階段與待解決之問題 62
陸、技術構面評估之困難 64
第二節 智慧財產構面之評估 64
壹、與研發成果有關之智慧財產權類型 65
貳、專利申請前之評估 66
參、專利申請後之評估 70
第三節 市場構面之評估 71
壹、市場概況分析 72
貳、競合分析 72
第四節 法規構面之評估 73
第五節 財務構面之評估 74
壹、後續開發成本 74
貳、預期收益 75
參、價值初估 75
第六節 小結---研發成果商業化可行性評估報告 76
壹、用於決定是否應針對該研發成果提出專利申請 76
貳、用於決定是否應繼續維護研發成果所衍生之智慧財產權 76
參、用於決定後續商業化資源之投入程度 77
肆、用於決定該研發成果之最佳商業化模式 77
伍、用於吸引合作者及潛在客戶 78
陸、提供研發人員後續之研究方向與修正建議 78
第五章 個案研究 79
第一節 大專院校---國立陽明大學 79
壹、國立陽明大學簡介 79
貳、國立陽明大學研發成果管理與運用現況 81
參、國立陽明大學研發成果商業化可行性評估機制 84
肆、陽明大學智財服務組目前在研發成果商業化所面臨之問題 91
第二節 基礎研究機構---中央研究院 92
壹、中央研究院簡介 92
參、中央研究院研發成果商業化可行性評估機制 102
肆、中研院公共事務組目前在研發成果商業化所面臨之問題 110
第三節 應用研究機構---財團法人工業技術研究院 111
壹、財團法人工業技術研究院簡介 111
貳、財團法人工業技術研究院研發成果管理與運用現況 114
參、財團法人工業技術研究院研發成果商業化可行性評估機制 119
肆、工研院技轉中心目前在專利技術商業化所面臨之問題 130
第四節 小結 131
壹、個案研究發現與建議 131
參、對於國內學研機構之整體建議 146
第六章 結論與建議 149
第一節 研究結論 149
壹、研發成果商業化可行性評估機制之建立 149
貳、研發成果商業化可行性評估之流程與構面 150
參、個案研究結論 152
第二節 研究建議 155
壹、對個案研究單位之建議 155
貳、對於國內學研機構之整體建議 158
第三節 對後續研究之建議 160
壹、審慎查核之機制與流程探究 161
貳、其他類型研發成果之之商業化可行性評估機制 161
參、其他類型單位所使用之商業化可行性評估機制比較 161
肆、針對特定研發成果進行商業化可行性評估之實證分析 161
伍、不同研發成果商業化模式之可行性評估 162
參考資料 163		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095361004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 研發成果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧財產zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 商業化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可行性評估zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生物科技zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國立陽明大學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中央研究院zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業技術研究院zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) R & D Achievementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intellectual Property (IP)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Commercializationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Feasibility Evaluation Mechanism (FEM)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Biotechnologyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) National Yang-Ming University (NYMU)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Academia Sinicaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)en_US
dc.title (題名) 學研機構研發成果商業化可行性評估機制之探討-以生物科技領域為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Feasibility Evaluation Mechanism for Commercialization of R&D Achievements in Academic and Research Institutes --- Focus on Biotechnology Fielden_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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