1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 商學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 企業對產品責任保險需求因素之分析-以我國上市公司為例
On the Corporate Demand for Product Liability Insurance: Evidence from Listed Compaines in Taiwan
作者 黃慧琳
Huang,Hui Lin
貢獻者 陳彩稚
黃慧琳
Huang,Hui Lin
關鍵詞 產品責任保險
投保動機
產品安全風險管理
財務特性
product liability insurance
motivation of insurance demand
product safety management
financial characteristic
日期 2007
上傳時間 2009-09-18
摘要 本研究主要探討我國企業對產品責任保險需求之原因，分別以四個構面來分析企業對產品責任保險的需求。包括企業經營動機、公司背景資料、產品安全風險管理與上市公司財務特性等四方面來探討企業的投保動機。本研究以我國上市公司為樣本，共計發放440份問卷，並以回收的90份問卷進行Logistic迴歸及複迴歸之實證分析。
研究結果發現，企業交易對象(買方)的要求、產品風險理財因素和產品市場行銷因素為影響上市公司投保產品責任保險之決定因素，呈顯著正向關係。另外，當上市公司過去曾發生過產品損害事件時，對產品責任保險之需求愈高；而且當公司的產品銷售本國地區、美加地區或同時銷售國內外地區時，對產品責任保險需求愈高。至於產品安全風險管理與產品責任保險需求之間的關係，實證結果顯示二者為互補關係，此與Ehrilich and Becker(1972)的理論假設一致。除此之外，本研究發現當公司規模愈大、產品銷售量愈大、負債對業主權益比率愈高以及公司無長期負債時，其對於產品責任保險的需求愈高。此外，當上市公司的財務危機成本愈高以及所面臨的損失頻率與幅度愈大時，其對於產品責任保險需求愈高。
This paper investigates the corporate demand for product liability insurance in Taiwan. The motivations to purchase product liability insurance can be categorized into four groups, business operation incentive, features of the firm, product safety management, and financial management. The decision of insurance is analyzed based on the logistic model and multivariate regression models with a sample of 90 publicly traded companies in Taiwan.
The empirical results of this study indicate that customers’ requests, product risk financing, and product marketing are the determinants for companies to buy product liability insurance. Further, the companies with previous experience of product liability losses have higher product liability insurance demand. Those companies selling their products to North America and Taiwan will purchase more product liability insurance. Moreover, the empirical evidences suggest significantly positive correlation between product safety management and product liability insurance demand, which is consistent with Ehrilich and Becker (1972) that market insurance and self-protection are complements. The results also show that the firm will purchase more product liability insurance when it has larger firm size, greater product sales, higher debt to equity ratio, and no long term debt.
參考文獻 中文部分：
1.王濟川、郭志剛，2005，「Logistic回歸模型－方法及應用」，五南圖書出版股有限公司。
2.李欽賢、劉春堂，1998，「產品責任險與消費者保護法配合之研究」，財團法人保險事業發展中心。
3.李芷晴，2003年10月，「果凍噎死人，產品責任險保不保？」，現代保險第178期，pp.86- P.87。
4.李英正，2004，「論消保法上商品責任之危險議題」，消費者保護研究第十輯，行政院消費者保護委員會，pp.203-225。
5.李淑慧，2006年6月2日，「產品責任險不等於品質保證」，經濟日報。
6.林正明，1995，「產品責任(PL)對策」，超越企管顧問股份有限公司。
7.林益山，1994，「消費者保護法」，五南圖書出版公司。
8.林裕祖，1991，「因應製造人責任的產品責任風險控制計畫」，現代保險第27期，pp.82-85。
9.林世芬，1996，「論消費者保護法上服務提供人之規則型態兼評消費者保護法第七條、第五十一條」，中興大學法學研究所碩士論文。
10.邱聰智，1996，「消費者保護法上商品責任之探討」，消費者保護研究第三輯，行政院消費者保護委員會，pp.61-86。
11.姚玉麟，1998，「產品責任保險」，保險實務，胡宜仁主編，三民書局印行。
12.孫芳文，1990，「產品責任保險相關法律問題之研究」，國立政治大學保險研究所。
13.郭麗珍，1996，「論產品責任中之產品安全（下）—民法債編通則修正草案第一九一條之一及消費者保護法暨施行細則相關規定之研究」，中興法學第40 期，pp.341-374。
14.陳順宇，2004，「多變量分析」，華泰書局。
15.陳順宇，2000，「迴歸分析」，華泰書局。
16.陳彩稚，1996，「保險學」，三民書局。
17.陳淑惠，2004，「亡『犬』補牢話產品責任」，現代保險第185期，pp.79-82。
18.陳雅萍，1999，「消費者保護法之商品責任與產品責任保險之研究」，國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系。
19.陳俊杰，2006，「我國消費者保護法懲罰性賠償金實務案例之研究」，國立中正大學法律學研究所。
20.陳瑞恒，1992，「產品責任險何時才能在我國普及?」，現代保險第40期，pp.74-77。
21.彭紹英，2007，「SAS與統計分析」，儒林圖書有限公司。
22.馮震宇，2003，「盛香珍案」引爆美國產品責任問題，貿易雜誌第127期，pp.30-35。
23.黃宏全，2003，「美國法上之商品製造人責任」，消費者保護研究第八輯，行政院消費者保護委員會，pp.161-180。
24.楊誠對，2005，「意外保險－理論與實務」，三民書局股份有限公司。
25.曾郁仁、王儷玲和何素蘭，1999，「風險趨避程度增加對市場保險與自我保險的需求分析」，風險管理學報第一卷第二期， pp.53-P64。
26.潘儀君，1997，「產品責任與產品責任保險以消費者保護法為中心探討二者互動之關係」，國立台灣大學法律學系研究所。
27.劉育誌，2007，「購買產品責任保險因素之實證研究－以財務面探討」，國立高雄第一科技大學風險管理與保險所。
28.蔡佩君，1998，「企業經營與產品責任保險」，月旦法學雜誌第37期，pp.102。
29.蔡裕良，2007，「購買產品責任保險因素之實證研究－以製造商為例」，國立高雄第一科技大學風險管理與保險所。
30.蕭雅毓，2004，「論產品責任中產品瑕疵之判斷與舉證責任之分配―以民法第一百九十一條之一與消費者保護法為中心」，國立成功大學法律學研究所。
31.羅子俞，2006，「產品責任保險之法律問題－以懲罰性賠償金為中心」，國立政治大學法律學研究所。
32.1991年12月，「產品責任風險管理，現代的重頭戲」，現代保險第36期，pp.78-84。
33.中華民國產物保險商業同業公會http://www.nlia.org.tw。
英文部分：
1.Beatty, A., A. Gron, and B. Jorgensen, 2004, “Corporate Risk management: Evidence from Product Liability”, Journal of Financial Intermediation 14:152-178.
2.Bernabei III, E. J., 2001, “Product liability claims”, Risk Management 48:52-59.
3.Marshall V., 2004, “Current Award Trends in Personal Injury”, Jury Verdicts Research 44th ed.
4.Courbage, C., 2001, “Self-Insurance, Self-Protection and Market Insurance within the Dual Theory of Choice”, Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory 26:43-56.
5.Dionne, G., and L. Eecckhoudt, 1985, “Self-Insurance, Self-Protection and Increased Risk Aversion”, Economics Letters 17:39-42.
6.Ehrlich, I., and G. S. Becker, 1972, “ Market insurance, self-insurance, and self- protection”, Journal of Political Economy 80: 623-48.
7.Fatemi, A., and C. Luft., 2002, “Corporate Risk Management Costs and Benefits”, Global Finance Journal 13:29-38.
8.Garven, J. R., and R. D. MacMinn, 1993, “The Underinvestment Problem, Bond Covenants, and Insurance”, The Journal of Risk and Insurance 60: 635-646.
9.Goodden, R., 2005, “Understanding the Focus of Product Liability Prevention”, The CEO Refersher, http://www.refresher.com/!liablity.html.
10.Hammer, W., 1993, “Product safty Management and engineering”, 2nd ed. Des Plaines, IL:ASSE.
11.Harrington, S. E., and G. R. Niehaus, 2003, “Risk and Management and Inssurance”, McGraw-Hill Inc, 2th ed, Ch9:162-178.
12.Hartwig, R. H., 2008, “Casualty Insurance Markets in Turbulent Times: Trends & Challenges”, Insurance Information Institute,
http://www.iii.org/media/presentations/excesscasualty/.
13.Hoyt, R.E., and H. Khang, 2000, “On the demand for corporate property insurance”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 67: 91-107.
14.Kaiser, H. F., 1970, A Second Generation little Jiffy, Psychometrika 35:401-415.
15.Lawyers Weekly USA, January 2007, “Top Ten Jury Verdicts of 2006”, http://www.lawyersweeklyusa.com.
16.Lawyers Weekly USA, February 2008, “Top Ten Jury Verdicts of 2007”, http://www.lawyersweeklyusa.com.
17.MacMinn, R. D., 1987, “Insurance and Corporate Risk Management”, The Journal of Risk and Insurance 54:658-677.
18.Maryers, S. C., 1977, “Determinants of Corporate Borrowing”, Journal of Financial Economics 5:147-175.
19.Mayers, D., and C. W. Smith, 1982, “On the corporate demand for insurance”, The Journal of Business 55:281-296.
20.Mayers, D., and C. W. Smith, 1987, “Corporate insurance and the underinvestment problem”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 54:45-54.
21.Modigliani, F. and M. H. Miller, 1958, “The cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment”, The American Economic Review, 48:261-297.
22.Regan, L., and Y. Hur, 2007, “On the Corporate Demand for Insurance: The Case of Korean Nonfinancial Firms”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 74:829-850.
23.Ryan, K. E., 2003, “Product Liability risk control”, Professional Safty 48:20-25.
24.Saunders, A., E. Strock, and N. G. Travlos, 1990, “Ownership Structure, Deregulation, and Bank Risk Taking”, Journal of Finance 45:648-654.
25.Seiger, M. B., and M. T. Griffin, 2002, “Product liability: Minimizing manufacturers` exposure to corporate criminal Liability”, Risk Management 49:30-33.
26.Smith, C.W., and R. M. Stulz, 1985, “The determinants of firms’hedging policies”, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 20:391-404.
27.Smith, C.W., 1986, “On the convergence of insurance and finance research”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 53:693-717.
28.Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, 2003, “U.S. Tort Costs；2003 Update, Trends and Findings on the Costs of the U.S. Tort Systems” , http://www.towersperrin.com.
29.Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, 2005, “U.S. Tort Costs and Cross-Border Perspectives: 2005 Update”, http://www.towersperrin.com.
30.Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, 2007, “2007 Update on U.S. Tort Cost Trends”, http://www.towersperrin.com.
31.Tufano, P., 1996, “Who Manages Risk? An Empirical Examination of Risk Management Practices in the Gold Mining Industry”, The Journal of Finance 51:1097-1137.
32.Viscusi, W. K., and M. J. Moore, 1993, “Product Liability, Research and Development , and Innovation”, Journal of Political Economy 101:161-184.
33.Warner, J. B., 1977, “Bankruptcy Costs: Some Evidence”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 32:337-348.
34.Williams, A., M. Smith, and P. Young, “Risk Management and Insurance”, McGraw-Hill Inc, 8th ed., 1998, Ch3, p.34-61.
35.Zou, H., and M. B. Adams, 2006, “The corporate purchase of property insurance: Chinese evidence” ,Journal of Financial Intermediation 15:165-196.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
風險管理與保險研究所
95358005
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095358005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳彩稚zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 黃慧琳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Huang,Hui Linen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃慧琳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang,Hui Linen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2009-09-18-
dc.date.available 2009-09-18-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2009-09-18-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0095358005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34142-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 風險管理與保險研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95358005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要探討我國企業對產品責任保險需求之原因，分別以四個構面來分析企業對產品責任保險的需求。包括企業經營動機、公司背景資料、產品安全風險管理與上市公司財務特性等四方面來探討企業的投保動機。本研究以我國上市公司為樣本，共計發放440份問卷，並以回收的90份問卷進行Logistic迴歸及複迴歸之實證分析。
研究結果發現，企業交易對象(買方)的要求、產品風險理財因素和產品市場行銷因素為影響上市公司投保產品責任保險之決定因素，呈顯著正向關係。另外，當上市公司過去曾發生過產品損害事件時，對產品責任保險之需求愈高；而且當公司的產品銷售本國地區、美加地區或同時銷售國內外地區時，對產品責任保險需求愈高。至於產品安全風險管理與產品責任保險需求之間的關係，實證結果顯示二者為互補關係，此與Ehrilich and Becker(1972)的理論假設一致。除此之外，本研究發現當公司規模愈大、產品銷售量愈大、負債對業主權益比率愈高以及公司無長期負債時，其對於產品責任保險的需求愈高。此外，當上市公司的財務危機成本愈高以及所面臨的損失頻率與幅度愈大時，其對於產品責任保險需求愈高。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper investigates the corporate demand for product liability insurance in Taiwan. The motivations to purchase product liability insurance can be categorized into four groups, business operation incentive, features of the firm, product safety management, and financial management. The decision of insurance is analyzed based on the logistic model and multivariate regression models with a sample of 90 publicly traded companies in Taiwan.
The empirical results of this study indicate that customers’ requests, product risk financing, and product marketing are the determinants for companies to buy product liability insurance. Further, the companies with previous experience of product liability losses have higher product liability insurance demand. Those companies selling their products to North America and Taiwan will purchase more product liability insurance. Moreover, the empirical evidences suggest significantly positive correlation between product safety management and product liability insurance demand, which is consistent with Ehrilich and Becker (1972) that market insurance and self-protection are complements. The results also show that the firm will purchase more product liability insurance when it has larger firm size, greater product sales, higher debt to equity ratio, and no long term debt.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 I
表目錄 III
圖目錄 V
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究範圍 3
第四節 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 產品責任保險之發展 5
第二節 產品責任制度之發展 13
第三節 產品責任風險之探討 18
第四節 產品責任之風險管理 20
第五節 企業投保產品責任保險之原因 24
第三章 研究方法 30
第一節 研究架構 30
第二節 研究假設 31
第三節 研究模型 33
第四節 研究變數之定義與資料來源 35
第五節 資料分析方法 40
第四章 實證研究分析 43
第一節 敘述統計分析 43
第二節 差異性分析 50
第三節 因素分析 53
第四節 Logistic迴歸分析 56
第五節 複迴歸分析 58
第五章 未來展望 62
第一節 美國產品責任賠償之概況 62
第二節 風險管理措施之複迴歸分析 69
第三節 上市公司未投保產品責任保險之原因 72
第四節 上市公司對強制投保產品責任保險之看法 73
第六章 結論與建議 76
第一節 研究結論 76
第二節 研究建議 78
參考文獻 80
附錄一 問卷 85		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 75220 bytes-
dc.format.extent 120453 bytes-
dc.format.extent 84450 bytes-
dc.format.extent 105868 bytes-
dc.format.extent 132592 bytes-
dc.format.extent 336362 bytes-
dc.format.extent 242799 bytes-
dc.format.extent 308160 bytes-
dc.format.extent 572889 bytes-
dc.format.extent 126621 bytes-
dc.format.extent 183824 bytes-
dc.format.extent 188972 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095358005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產品責任保險zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投保動機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產品安全風險管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 財務特性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) product liability insuranceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) motivation of insurance demanden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) product safety managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) financial characteristicen_US
dc.title (題名) 企業對產品責任保險需求因素之分析-以我國上市公司為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) On the Corporate Demand for Product Liability Insurance: Evidence from Listed Compaines in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.王濟川、郭志剛，2005，「Logistic回歸模型－方法及應用」，五南圖書出版股有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.李欽賢、劉春堂，1998，「產品責任險與消費者保護法配合之研究」，財團法人保險事業發展中心。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.李芷晴，2003年10月，「果凍噎死人，產品責任險保不保？」，現代保險第178期，pp.86- P.87。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.李英正，2004，「論消保法上商品責任之危險議題」，消費者保護研究第十輯，行政院消費者保護委員會，pp.203-225。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.李淑慧，2006年6月2日，「產品責任險不等於品質保證」，經濟日報。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.林正明，1995，「產品責任(PL)對策」，超越企管顧問股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.林益山，1994，「消費者保護法」，五南圖書出版公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.林裕祖，1991，「因應製造人責任的產品責任風險控制計畫」，現代保險第27期，pp.82-85。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.林世芬，1996，「論消費者保護法上服務提供人之規則型態兼評消費者保護法第七條、第五十一條」，中興大學法學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.邱聰智，1996，「消費者保護法上商品責任之探討」，消費者保護研究第三輯，行政院消費者保護委員會，pp.61-86。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.姚玉麟，1998，「產品責任保險」，保險實務，胡宜仁主編，三民書局印行。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.孫芳文，1990，「產品責任保險相關法律問題之研究」，國立政治大學保險研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.郭麗珍，1996，「論產品責任中之產品安全（下）—民法債編通則修正草案第一九一條之一及消費者保護法暨施行細則相關規定之研究」，中興法學第40 期，pp.341-374。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.陳順宇，2004，「多變量分析」，華泰書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.陳順宇，2000，「迴歸分析」，華泰書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.陳彩稚，1996，「保險學」，三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.陳淑惠，2004，「亡『犬』補牢話產品責任」，現代保險第185期，pp.79-82。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.陳雅萍，1999，「消費者保護法之商品責任與產品責任保險之研究」，國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.陳俊杰，2006，「我國消費者保護法懲罰性賠償金實務案例之研究」，國立中正大學法律學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.陳瑞恒，1992，「產品責任險何時才能在我國普及?」，現代保險第40期，pp.74-77。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.彭紹英，2007，「SAS與統計分析」，儒林圖書有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.馮震宇，2003，「盛香珍案」引爆美國產品責任問題，貿易雜誌第127期，pp.30-35。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.黃宏全，2003，「美國法上之商品製造人責任」，消費者保護研究第八輯，行政院消費者保護委員會，pp.161-180。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.楊誠對，2005，「意外保險－理論與實務」，三民書局股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.曾郁仁、王儷玲和何素蘭，1999，「風險趨避程度增加對市場保險與自我保險的需求分析」，風險管理學報第一卷第二期， pp.53-P64。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.潘儀君，1997，「產品責任與產品責任保險以消費者保護法為中心探討二者互動之關係」，國立台灣大學法律學系研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.劉育誌，2007，「購買產品責任保險因素之實證研究－以財務面探討」，國立高雄第一科技大學風險管理與保險所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.蔡佩君，1998，「企業經營與產品責任保險」，月旦法學雜誌第37期，pp.102。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.蔡裕良，2007，「購買產品責任保險因素之實證研究－以製造商為例」，國立高雄第一科技大學風險管理與保險所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30.蕭雅毓，2004，「論產品責任中產品瑕疵之判斷與舉證責任之分配―以民法第一百九十一條之一與消費者保護法為中心」，國立成功大學法律學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31.羅子俞，2006，「產品責任保險之法律問題－以懲罰性賠償金為中心」，國立政治大學法律學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32.1991年12月，「產品責任風險管理，現代的重頭戲」，現代保險第36期，pp.78-84。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33.中華民國產物保險商業同業公會http://www.nlia.org.tw。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Beatty, A., A. Gron, and B. Jorgensen, 2004, “Corporate Risk management: Evidence from Product Liability”, Journal of Financial Intermediation 14:152-178.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Bernabei III, E. J., 2001, “Product liability claims”, Risk Management 48:52-59.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Marshall V., 2004, “Current Award Trends in Personal Injury”, Jury Verdicts Research 44th ed.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Courbage, C., 2001, “Self-Insurance, Self-Protection and Market Insurance within the Dual Theory of Choice”, Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory 26:43-56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Dionne, G., and L. Eecckhoudt, 1985, “Self-Insurance, Self-Protection and Increased Risk Aversion”, Economics Letters 17:39-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Ehrlich, I., and G. S. Becker, 1972, “ Market insurance, self-insurance, and self- protection”, Journal of Political Economy 80: 623-48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Fatemi, A., and C. Luft., 2002, “Corporate Risk Management Costs and Benefits”, Global Finance Journal 13:29-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Garven, J. R., and R. D. MacMinn, 1993, “The Underinvestment Problem, Bond Covenants, and Insurance”, The Journal of Risk and Insurance 60: 635-646.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Goodden, R., 2005, “Understanding the Focus of Product Liability Prevention”, The CEO Refersher, http://www.refresher.com/!liablity.html.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Hammer, W., 1993, “Product safty Management and engineering”, 2nd ed. Des Plaines, IL:ASSE.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Harrington, S. E., and G. R. Niehaus, 2003, “Risk and Management and Inssurance”, McGraw-Hill Inc, 2th ed, Ch9:162-178.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Hartwig, R. H., 2008, “Casualty Insurance Markets in Turbulent Times: Trends & Challenges”, Insurance Information Institute,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.iii.org/media/presentations/excesscasualty/.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Hoyt, R.E., and H. Khang, 2000, “On the demand for corporate property insurance”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 67: 91-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Kaiser, H. F., 1970, A Second Generation little Jiffy, Psychometrika 35:401-415.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.Lawyers Weekly USA, January 2007, “Top Ten Jury Verdicts of 2006”, http://www.lawyersweeklyusa.com.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Lawyers Weekly USA, February 2008, “Top Ten Jury Verdicts of 2007”, http://www.lawyersweeklyusa.com.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.MacMinn, R. D., 1987, “Insurance and Corporate Risk Management”, The Journal of Risk and Insurance 54:658-677.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Maryers, S. C., 1977, “Determinants of Corporate Borrowing”, Journal of Financial Economics 5:147-175.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Mayers, D., and C. W. Smith, 1982, “On the corporate demand for insurance”, The Journal of Business 55:281-296.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Mayers, D., and C. W. Smith, 1987, “Corporate insurance and the underinvestment problem”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 54:45-54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.Modigliani, F. and M. H. Miller, 1958, “The cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment”, The American Economic Review, 48:261-297.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.Regan, L., and Y. Hur, 2007, “On the Corporate Demand for Insurance: The Case of Korean Nonfinancial Firms”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 74:829-850.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.Ryan, K. E., 2003, “Product Liability risk control”, Professional Safty 48:20-25.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.Saunders, A., E. Strock, and N. G. Travlos, 1990, “Ownership Structure, Deregulation, and Bank Risk Taking”, Journal of Finance 45:648-654.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.Seiger, M. B., and M. T. Griffin, 2002, “Product liability: Minimizing manufacturers` exposure to corporate criminal Liability”, Risk Management 49:30-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.Smith, C.W., and R. M. Stulz, 1985, “The determinants of firms’hedging policies”, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 20:391-404.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.Smith, C.W., 1986, “On the convergence of insurance and finance research”, Journal of Risk and Insurance 53:693-717.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, 2003, “U.S. Tort Costs；2003 Update, Trends and Findings on the Costs of the U.S. Tort Systems” , http://www.towersperrin.com.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, 2005, “U.S. Tort Costs and Cross-Border Perspectives: 2005 Update”, http://www.towersperrin.com.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30.Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, 2007, “2007 Update on U.S. Tort Cost Trends”, http://www.towersperrin.com.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31.Tufano, P., 1996, “Who Manages Risk? An Empirical Examination of Risk Management Practices in the Gold Mining Industry”, The Journal of Finance 51:1097-1137.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32.Viscusi, W. K., and M. J. Moore, 1993, “Product Liability, Research and Development , and Innovation”, Journal of Political Economy 101:161-184.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33.Warner, J. B., 1977, “Bankruptcy Costs: Some Evidence”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 32:337-348.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34.Williams, A., M. Smith, and P. Young, “Risk Management and Insurance”, McGraw-Hill Inc, 8th ed., 1998, Ch3, p.34-61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35.Zou, H., and M. B. Adams, 2006, “The corporate purchase of property insurance: Chinese evidence” ,Journal of Financial Intermediation 15:165-196.zh_TW