學術產出-學位論文

題名 家庭支持方案對懷孕婦女組織承諾及產後復工的影響
The Impacts of Family-responsive Benefits on Pregnant Workers` Organizational Commitments and Return-to-work after Childbirth
作者 吳雅惠
Wu,Ya Huei
貢獻者 劉梅君
吳雅惠
Wu,Ya Huei
關鍵詞 懷孕歧視
家庭支持方案
工作\家庭文化
產後復工
pregnancy discrimination
family-responsive benefits
work-family culture
return after childbirth
日期 2007
上傳時間 18-九月-2009 10:17:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 「懷孕」應該是正面、美好且有益於整體國家社會的事情,對雇主也是有利的,因她們也具有「再生產」的功能,讓雇主能有源源不絕的勞動力,可惜許多雇主對懷孕婦女的偏見仍然存在,對懷孕婦女工作能力與復工意願皆有所質疑,然而國外相關研究結果卻指出若雇主能夠摒棄偏見,從一開始就願意接受懷孕婦女,提供家庭支持方案,如工作調整、彈性工時或托育措施等協助懷孕婦女,不僅能減少員工在工作與家庭間的衝突,更可保留優秀女性人才、提升組織效率與員工生產力,進而創造「勞資雙贏」的局面。

因此,本研究以我國懷孕婦女為對象來瞭解組織內家庭支持方案的實施與提供,對懷孕員工的組織承諾及產後復工時機之影響。本研究結果發現如下:

一、懷孕婦女的組織承諾偏向普通程度,並未如雇主所認為對工作不忠誠。
二、組織提供的家庭支持方案越多,懷孕婦女的組織承諾越高。組織提供越多的家庭支持方案,會影響員工對組織的情感,這些好感會轉化成對組織的忠誠。
三、工作\家庭文化對組織承諾皆具有正向預測力。因此,組織文化是對家庭友善的文化,有助於提昇懷孕婦女的組織承諾。
四、收入低的懷孕婦女,產後復工意願較低,即使願意復工,復工時機也比較晚。對收入低的懷孕婦女來說,離職或請繼續育嬰假的機會成本比較低,並衡量市場工資與托嬰費用後,選擇留在家中照顧新生兒減輕家庭經濟負擔。
五、工作\家庭文化「主管支持」構面與懷孕婦女產後復工意願有顯著正相關,且具正向預測力。這顯示出當公司主管能夠很敏感的注意到有家庭責任之員工的需求,並能積極提供協助與支持,則其懷孕員工在產後會更願意復工。
六、雇主提供的產假越長,懷孕婦女有更多的時間休養,產後會更願意復工。
七、雇主提供無薪產假的懷孕婦女比雇主提供全薪產假者,產後復工時機較晚。

大體上,我國經驗研究在相當程度上是支持西方國家的研究結果,但我國家庭支持方案的實施狀況仍不夠普遍。家庭支持方案的提供的確可提昇懷孕婦女的組織承諾,有助於減少離職率,大幅降低企業招募和重新訓練的成本,故我國企業應該積極引進家庭支持方案,達到勞資雙贏的結果。
“Pregnancy” should be a positive, beautiful and beneficial thing to the society. It is also good to employers, because pregnant women provide a “reproductive” function, with which employers would not face the labor shortage. But many employers still have some prejudices against pregnant women. For instance, pregnant workers are considered not being able to concentrate on their jobs, and won’t come back to work after childbirth.

In accordance with the relevant findings of the study abroad, this study found employers can abandon their prejudices, and provide family-responsive benefits, such as job adjustments, flextime or childcare programs, it can not only reduce the work and family conflicts, but also retain the women laborforce, improve organizational efficiency and productivity, thereby creating a “win-win” situation. The major findings below:

1.Pregnant workers’ organizational commitments are as normal as workers in general are. Pregnant workers are not unfaithful to employers .
2.The more family-responsive benefits employers provide, the more loyalty pregnant workers would have.
3.Work-family culture has positive impact on to organizational commitments of pregnant workers. Pregnant workers’ organizational commitments will be enhanced when the corporate culture is family-friendly.
4.Pregnant workers in low wages tend to stay at home, and won’t return to work after childbirth. Even they will return, the timing they return would be delayed.
5.If supervisors are sensitive to employee’ family and personal concerns, the pregnant workers prefer returning to work after childbirth.
6.If employers provide longer maternity leaves, pregnant workers would have enough time to take a rest, and they would tend to return to work after childbirth.
7.Pregnant workers who got unpaid maternity leaves return to work later than who got paid maternity leaves.

In sum, this study supports the findings of western countries in a certain extent. But the family-responsive benefits are not popular in Taiwan. If organizations provide family-responsive benefits, pregnant workers’ organizational commitments will be enhanced. It can also reduce the turnover rate and the costs of recruitment and training. For the above reasons, the organizations in Taiwan should introduce family-responsive benefits and create a “win-win” situation.
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三、政府統計資料
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3.行政院勞工委員會94年女性僱用管理調查,表50 事業單位資遣員工之考量條件(可複選)。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/woman050.xls
4.行政院主計處95年人力運用調查報告,表2歷年子女年齡別有偶婦女勞動力參與率。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/95/mtable2.xls
5.行政院主計處95年人力運用調查報告,表14 子女年齡別有偶婦女勞動力參與率-按年齡與教育程度分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/95/mtable14.xls
6.行政院勞工委員會95年女性僱用管理調查,表43 事業單位資遣員工之考量條件—按行業、員工規模、組織型態、地區別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/94woman049.xls
7.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表15 就業者教育程度-按行業分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable15.xls
8.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表20 就業者主要工作情形-按教育程度分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable20.xls
9.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表53 受僱就業者每月主要工作之收入-按教育程度分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable53.xls
10.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表106 就業者運用指標-按從業身分與工作地點分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable106.xls
11.行政院勞工委員會96年女性僱用管理調查,表10 員工規模250人以上之事業單位提供托兒設施及托兒優惠情形—按行業、員工規模、組織型態、地區別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy95/9506010.xls
12.行政院勞工委員會96年女性僱用管理調查,表11 員工規模250人以上之事業單位沒有設立托兒所之主要原因—按行業、員工規模、組織型態、地區別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy95/9506011.xls
13.行政院勞工委員會統計處性別統計指標,表4-8 性別工作平等申訴案件—按申訴類別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/sex/rptmenusex3.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
勞工研究所
94262011
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094262011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉梅君zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 吳雅惠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Wu,Ya Hueien_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳雅惠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu,Ya Hueien_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-九月-2009 10:17:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-九月-2009 10:17:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-九月-2009 10:17:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0094262011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34446-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 勞工研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94262011zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 「懷孕」應該是正面、美好且有益於整體國家社會的事情,對雇主也是有利的,因她們也具有「再生產」的功能,讓雇主能有源源不絕的勞動力,可惜許多雇主對懷孕婦女的偏見仍然存在,對懷孕婦女工作能力與復工意願皆有所質疑,然而國外相關研究結果卻指出若雇主能夠摒棄偏見,從一開始就願意接受懷孕婦女,提供家庭支持方案,如工作調整、彈性工時或托育措施等協助懷孕婦女,不僅能減少員工在工作與家庭間的衝突,更可保留優秀女性人才、提升組織效率與員工生產力,進而創造「勞資雙贏」的局面。

因此,本研究以我國懷孕婦女為對象來瞭解組織內家庭支持方案的實施與提供,對懷孕員工的組織承諾及產後復工時機之影響。本研究結果發現如下:

一、懷孕婦女的組織承諾偏向普通程度,並未如雇主所認為對工作不忠誠。
二、組織提供的家庭支持方案越多,懷孕婦女的組織承諾越高。組織提供越多的家庭支持方案,會影響員工對組織的情感,這些好感會轉化成對組織的忠誠。
三、工作\家庭文化對組織承諾皆具有正向預測力。因此,組織文化是對家庭友善的文化,有助於提昇懷孕婦女的組織承諾。
四、收入低的懷孕婦女,產後復工意願較低,即使願意復工,復工時機也比較晚。對收入低的懷孕婦女來說,離職或請繼續育嬰假的機會成本比較低,並衡量市場工資與托嬰費用後,選擇留在家中照顧新生兒減輕家庭經濟負擔。
五、工作\家庭文化「主管支持」構面與懷孕婦女產後復工意願有顯著正相關,且具正向預測力。這顯示出當公司主管能夠很敏感的注意到有家庭責任之員工的需求,並能積極提供協助與支持,則其懷孕員工在產後會更願意復工。
六、雇主提供的產假越長,懷孕婦女有更多的時間休養,產後會更願意復工。
七、雇主提供無薪產假的懷孕婦女比雇主提供全薪產假者,產後復工時機較晚。

大體上,我國經驗研究在相當程度上是支持西方國家的研究結果,但我國家庭支持方案的實施狀況仍不夠普遍。家庭支持方案的提供的確可提昇懷孕婦女的組織承諾,有助於減少離職率,大幅降低企業招募和重新訓練的成本,故我國企業應該積極引進家庭支持方案,達到勞資雙贏的結果。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) “Pregnancy” should be a positive, beautiful and beneficial thing to the society. It is also good to employers, because pregnant women provide a “reproductive” function, with which employers would not face the labor shortage. But many employers still have some prejudices against pregnant women. For instance, pregnant workers are considered not being able to concentrate on their jobs, and won’t come back to work after childbirth.

In accordance with the relevant findings of the study abroad, this study found employers can abandon their prejudices, and provide family-responsive benefits, such as job adjustments, flextime or childcare programs, it can not only reduce the work and family conflicts, but also retain the women laborforce, improve organizational efficiency and productivity, thereby creating a “win-win” situation. The major findings below:

1.Pregnant workers’ organizational commitments are as normal as workers in general are. Pregnant workers are not unfaithful to employers .
2.The more family-responsive benefits employers provide, the more loyalty pregnant workers would have.
3.Work-family culture has positive impact on to organizational commitments of pregnant workers. Pregnant workers’ organizational commitments will be enhanced when the corporate culture is family-friendly.
4.Pregnant workers in low wages tend to stay at home, and won’t return to work after childbirth. Even they will return, the timing they return would be delayed.
5.If supervisors are sensitive to employee’ family and personal concerns, the pregnant workers prefer returning to work after childbirth.
6.If employers provide longer maternity leaves, pregnant workers would have enough time to take a rest, and they would tend to return to work after childbirth.
7.Pregnant workers who got unpaid maternity leaves return to work later than who got paid maternity leaves.

In sum, this study supports the findings of western countries in a certain extent. But the family-responsive benefits are not popular in Taiwan. If organizations provide family-responsive benefits, pregnant workers’ organizational commitments will be enhanced. It can also reduce the turnover rate and the costs of recruitment and training. For the above reasons, the organizations in Taiwan should introduce family-responsive benefits and create a “win-win” situation.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄………………………………………………………………………….i
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………ii
表目錄……………………………………………………………………...iii
第壹章 緒論…………………………………………………………….1
第一節 研究背景與動機………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………………7
第三節 方法……………………………………………………………………8

第貳章 文獻探討…………………………………………………...…16
第一節 家庭支持方案………………………………………………………..16
第二節 組織承諾……………………………………………………………..29
第三節 產後復工時機………………………………………………………..35
第四節 家庭支持方案與組織承諾、產後復工時機的關係………………..40

第參章 研究方法……………………………………………………...42
第一節 研究架構……………………………………………………………..42
第二節 研究假設……………………………………………………………..43
第三節 研究工具……………………………………………………………..46
第四節 資料分析工具………………………………………………………..53

第肆章 實證研究分析與結果………………………………………..55
第一節 描述性統計分析……………………………………………………..55
第二節 差異性分析…………………………………………………………..58
第三節 相關分析……………………………………………………………..68
第四節 迴歸分析……………………………………………………………..77

第伍章 結論………………………………………………………….106
第一節 研究結果與討論……………………………………………………106
第二節 結論…………………………………………………………………118

參考文獻………………………………………………………………….126
附錄:研究問卷…………………………………………………………..133




圖目錄

圖1-1 研究流程圖…………………………………………………………………..8
圖3-1 研究架構……………………………………………………………………42

































表目錄

表1-3-1 樣本教育程度與實際比較……………………………………………...10
表1-3-2 樣本個人年收入與實際比較…………………………………………...10
表1-3-3 樣本組織營利性質別與實際比較…………………………………...…11
表1-3-4 樣本組織產業別與實際比較…………………………………………...11
表1-3-5 樣本特性資料次數分配表……………………………………………...14
表1-3-6 樣本特性資料統計量彙整表…………………………………………...14
表2-1-1 對有依親照顧責任員工之雇主支持…………………………………...21
表3-3-1 組織承諾量表因素分析結果…………………………………………...48
表3-3-1 組織承諾量表因素分析結果(續)……………………………………...49
表3-3-2 工作╱家庭文化量表因素分析結果…………………………………...50
表3-3-2 工作╱家庭文化量表因素分析結果(續)…………………..……….51
表4-1-1 家庭支持方案統計量彙整表…………………………………………...55
表4-1-2 組織承諾統計量彙整表………………………………………………...55
表4-1-3 工作╱家庭組織文化統計量彙整表…………………………………...56
表4-1-4 產後復工時機彙整表…………………………………………………...57
表4-2-1 不同教育程度對組織承諾之差異分析………………………………...58
表4-2-2 不同個人年收入對組織承諾之差異分析……………………………...59
表4-2-3 不同配偶年收入對組織承諾之差異分析……………………………...59
表4-2-3 不同配偶年收入對組織承諾之差異分析(續)………………………60
表4-2-4 不同家庭經濟狀況對組織承諾之差異分析…………………………...60
表4-2-5 個人特性對產後復工意願之差異分析………………………………...61
表4-2-6 個人特性對產後復工時機之差異分析………………………………...61
表4-2-6 個人特性對產後復工時機之差異分析(續)…………………………62
表4-2-7 組織營利性質對家庭支持方案之差異分析…………………………...62
表4-2-8 組織規模對家庭支持方案之差異分析………………………………...62
表4-2-9 組織產業別對家庭支持方案之差異分析……………………………...63
表4-2-10 組織營利性質對組織承諾之差異分析………………………………...63
表4-2-11 組織規模對組織承諾之差異分析……………………………………...63
表4-2-11 組織規模對組織承諾之差異分析(續)………………………………...64
表4-2-12 組織產業別對組織承諾之差異分析…………………………………...64
表4-2-13 組織特性對產後復工意願之差異分析………………………………...65
表4-2-14 組織特性對產後復工時機之差異分析………………………………...65
表4-2-15 產假工資對組織承諾之差異分析……………………………………...66
表4-2-16 產假工資對產後復工意願之差異分析………………………………...66
表4-2-17 產假工資對產後復工時機之差異分析………………………………...67
表4-3-1 個人特性與組織承諾相關分析………………………………………...68
表4-3-2 個人特性與產後復工相關分析………………………………………...69
表4-3-3 整體組織特性與家庭支持方案相關分析……………………………...70
表4-3-4 公部門組織特性與家庭支持方案相關分析…………………………...70
表4-3-5 私人企業組織特性與家庭支持方案相關分析………………………...71
表4-3-6 整體組織特性與組織承諾相關分析…………………………………...71
表4-3-6 整體組織特性與組織承諾相關分析(續)……………………………...72
表4-3-7 公部門組織特性與組織承諾相關分析………………………………...72
表4-3-8 私人企業組織特性與組織承諾相關分析……………………………...73
表4-3-9 整體組織特與產後復工相關分析……………………………………...73
表4-3-10 公部門組織特與產後復工相關分析…………………………………...74
表4-3-11 私人企業組織特與產後復工相關分析………………………………...74
表4-3-11 私人企業組織特與產後復工相關分析………………………………...75
表4-3-12 家庭支持方案與組織承諾相關分析…………………………………...75
表4-3-13 家庭支持方案與產後復工相關分析…………………………………...75
表4-3-14 產假日數、產假工資與組織承諾相關分析……………………………76
表4-3-15 產假日數、產假工資與產後復工相關分析……………………………76
表4-3-16 組織承諾與產後復工相關分析………………………………………...76
表4-4-1 個人特性與產後復工意願之邏輯迴歸分析(以Score檢定
進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)…………………..…..78
表4-4-2 個人特性與產後復工意願之邏輯迴歸分析…………………………...79
表4-4-3 個人特性與產後復工時機之邏輯迴歸分析(以Score檢定
進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)………………………79
表4-4-3 個人特性與產後復工時機之邏輯迴歸分析(以Score檢定
進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)(續)…………………79
表4-4-4 個人特性與產後復工時機之邏輯迴歸分析…………………………...80
表4-4-5 整體組織特性與家庭支持方案迴歸分析……………………………...81
表4-4-6 私人企業組織特性與家庭支持方案迴歸分析………………………...82
表4-4-7 整體組織特性與組織承諾迴歸分析…………………………………...83
表4-4-8 私人企業組織特性與組織承諾迴歸分析……………………………...85
表4-4-9 整體組織特性與產後復工邏輯迴歸分析(以Score檢定
進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)………………………87
表4-4-10 私人企業組織特性與產後復工邏輯迴歸分析(以Score
檢定進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)…………………87
表4-4-11 產假日數和產假工資與產後復工意願之邏輯迴歸分析
(以Score檢定進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)………88
表4-4-12 產假日數、產假工資與產後復工邏輯迴歸分析……………………...89
表4-4-13 產假日數和產假工資與產後復工時機之邏輯迴歸分析
(以Score檢定進行初步邏輯迴歸模式—變數不在方程式中)…… 90
表4-4-14 產假日數、產假工資與產後復工時機邏輯迴歸分析………………..90
表4-4-15 個人特性、整體組織特性、家庭支持方案與組織承諾迴歸分析…..94
表4-4-15 個人特性、整體組織特性、家庭支持方案與組織承諾
迴歸分析(續1)………………………………………………………95
表4-4-15 個人特性、整體組織特性、家庭支持方案與組織承諾
迴歸分析(續2)……………………………………………………….96
表4-4-16 個人及私人企業組織特性、家庭支持方案與組織承諾迴歸分析…100
表4-4-16 個人及私人企業組織特性、家庭支持方案與組織承諾
迴歸分析(續1)…………………………………………………….101
表4-4-16 個人及私人企業組織特性、家庭支持方案與組織承諾
迴歸分析(續2)…………………………………………………….102
表4-4-17 個人年收入—20萬以下、產假日數和產假工資與產後復工意願邏輯迴歸分析……………………………………………………………....103
表4-4-18 個人年收入—20萬以下、產假日數和產假工資與產後復工時機邏輯迴歸分析……………………………..………………………………..105
表5-1-1 研究假設驗證結果彙整表……………………………………………117
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094262011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 懷孕歧視zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 家庭支持方案zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作\家庭文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產後復工zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) pregnancy discriminationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) family-responsive benefitsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) work-family cultureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) return after childbirthen_US
dc.title (題名) 家庭支持方案對懷孕婦女組織承諾及產後復工的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Impacts of Family-responsive Benefits on Pregnant Workers` Organizational Commitments and Return-to-work after Childbirthen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Folbre, Nancy著,許慧如譯(2002),心經濟˙愛無價,台北:新聞文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.王麗容(1998),「女性勞動參與和企業內家庭政策(上)」,勞工行政,第124期,頁21-35。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.李衍新(2003),員工組織政治知覺、組織承諾與組織公民行為關係之研究—以台灣電力公司台南區營業處為例,國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 53.美國法院判決863 F. Supp.581(N.D.Ohio 1994)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 54.美國法院判決365 F. 3d 107(2004)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 55.美國平等就業機會委員會2006年4月的訴訟解決月報,參考網址:http://www.eeoc.gov/litigation/settlements/settlement04-06.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、政府統計資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.內政統計資訊服務網,內政國際指標,表24 主要國家總生育率。參考網址:http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.aspzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.內政部兒童局「建構友善托育環境—保母托育管理與托育費用補助實施計畫」。參考網址:http://www.cbi.gov.tw/chinese_version/1/content/printpage.jsp?contentNo=21431zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.行政院勞工委員會94年女性僱用管理調查,表50 事業單位資遣員工之考量條件(可複選)。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/woman050.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.行政院主計處95年人力運用調查報告,表2歷年子女年齡別有偶婦女勞動力參與率。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/95/mtable2.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.行政院主計處95年人力運用調查報告,表14 子女年齡別有偶婦女勞動力參與率-按年齡與教育程度分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/95/mtable14.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.行政院勞工委員會95年女性僱用管理調查,表43 事業單位資遣員工之考量條件—按行業、員工規模、組織型態、地區別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/94woman049.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表15 就業者教育程度-按行業分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable15.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表20 就業者主要工作情形-按教育程度分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable20.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表53 受僱就業者每月主要工作之收入-按教育程度分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable53.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.行政院主計處96年人力運用調查報告,表106 就業者運用指標-按從業身分與工作地點分。參考網址:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/mpwutility/96/mtable106.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.行政院勞工委員會96年女性僱用管理調查,表10 員工規模250人以上之事業單位提供托兒設施及托兒優惠情形—按行業、員工規模、組織型態、地區別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy95/9506010.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.行政院勞工委員會96年女性僱用管理調查,表11 員工規模250人以上之事業單位沒有設立托兒所之主要原因—按行業、員工規模、組織型態、地區別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy95/9506011.xlszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.行政院勞工委員會統計處性別統計指標,表4-8 性別工作平等申訴案件—按申訴類別分。參考網址:http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/sex/rptmenusex3.htmzh_TW