學術產出-學位論文

題名 我國國際觀光旅館業人力資源管理之研究-以個案分析為例
A Study on Human Resource Management of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan:The Case Study
作者 蔡宜倩
Tsai,Yi Chien
貢獻者 張昌吉
Chang, Chang Chi
蔡宜倩
Tsai,Yi Chien
關鍵詞 國際觀光旅館業
人力資源管理
勞動條件
International tourist hotel industry
Human resource management
Labor conditions
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-九月-2009 10:20:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究欲達成之主要目的為分析我國國際觀光旅館業人力運用之概況、特性與相關問題,以及勞動條件、人力資源管理實務之現況,以及實踐於個案國際觀光旅館業之情形。
本研究主要以深度訪談法進行,分別針對G酒店、H大飯店以及L大飯店三家國際觀光旅館之人資部門主管人員進行深度訪談。訪談內容包括勞動條件、適用勞基法之情形、人力資源運用與人力資源管理實務,以及產業競爭環境下未來人力資源管理策略等相關議題。
經由相關文獻與深度訪談之分析,本研究發現高基層人力比例、部分工時人員與外包人力等彈性人力資源之運用,均為我國國際觀光旅館業從業人員之特殊結構屬性。另一方面,國際觀光旅館業提供的勞動條件普遍偏低,人力運用方面則重視數量及功能上的彈性運用,人力資源管理實務則於個案旅館中因經營管理型態而稍有差異,而未來國際觀光旅館業的營業擴展趨勢將使人力面臨短缺,而影響人力資源策略的形成。
It has long been recognized that hotel industry generally suffered from shortage of human resource, relatively high turnover rate, and lower paying, no matter overseas or domestic. However, it is not an astonishing phenomenon for international tourist hotels which highlight the importance of service quality and attitude. Thus, human resource management is a critical element of operating performance in international tourist hotels.
The topic for discussion of this research is exploring human resources management practice and relative issues in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Therefore, analyzing labor conditions, practice of human resources management, as well as present application of human resources of international tourist hotels in Taiwan are subject of this study. The purposes of the research are listed:
1. Discussing the characteristic and profile of the international tourist hotels industry in Taiwan, along with the operation and conduct types, and business situation, such as operating income and cost, occupation rate, average room rate, customer category, and so on.
2. Discussing the general situation of human resources exercises, characteristic, practice, and related issues of international tourist hotels in Taiwan.
3. To dissect business profile and exercises of human resources, labor conditions, and human resource management practice of three case hotels.
To implement the purposes, this research was processed by in-depth interview, during May on 2006. The interviewees are all supervisors at human resources department in G hotel, H hotel and L hotel. According to previous findings, issues involved in the questionnaire are labor conditions, manipulation of human resources, practice of human resources management of these three hotels, including recruitment, selection, promotion and merit, training, profile of turnover rate, and the human resource strategy under competitive industry environment in the future.
There are three major results of this study. First, to utilize human resources in international tourist hotels, the numerical and functional flexibility are significant to adjust to business requirement. Such as overtime work, part-time worker, and outsourcing labor are common practices. Second, even though international tourist hotel industry applies to Labor Standards Act, labor conditions in international tourist hotel are rather inferior. Third, human resource management practices in the case hotels show kind of similar on system, with their own chain business type.
參考文獻 一、書籍
李聲吼,人力資源發展,台北:五南,民國86年。
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黃英忠、曹國雄、黃同圳、張火燦、王秉鈞著,人力資源管理,台北:華泰,民國91年。
黃英忠,人力資源管理,台北:三民,民國87年。
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二、期刊、報告
王斐青、洪維廷、尚瑞國,「臺灣地區國際觀光旅館經營型態與經營效率之衡量」,亞太經濟管理評論,民國93年,Vol.7,pp.109-123。
李銓、李文瑞、許筱雯,「產業競爭與經營績效-台灣地區國際觀光旅館之策略群組分析」,企業管理學報,民國89年,Vol.48,pp.89-120。
陳勁甫、王婷瑜,「經營型態對國際觀光旅館生產力影響之研究- 以台北地區為例」,企銀季刊,民國92年,Vol.26:4,pp.61-76。
陳勁甫、王婷瑜,「國際觀光旅館經營效率衡量之研究-隨機邊界法之應用」,旅遊管理研究,民國92年,Vol.3:1,pp.63-77。
陳勁甫、黃秋閔,「台北地區國際觀光旅館經營效率之研究」,旅遊管理研究,民國92年,Vol.1:1,pp.27-45。
曹勝雄、曾國雄、吳正雄,「國際觀光旅館員工授權、服務行為與服務品質關係之研究」,國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,NSC90-2416-H-034-004,民國91年。
曹勝雄、曾國雄,「我國觀光旅館業營收管理成功運作之影響因素研究」,國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,民國90年。
黃旭男、張保隆、張德儀,「台灣地區國際觀光旅館業資源能力、服務品質與經營績效之因果關係」,行政院國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,NSC89-2416-H-130-040,民國90年。
黃營杉、齊德彰,「學習型組織人力資源教育訓練成長模式之研究-以臺灣標竿企業為例」,大葉學報,民國93年,Vol.13:2,pp.81-95。
黃營杉、齊德彰,「服務業內部行銷、企業文化、工作滿足與經營績效間關聯性之研究-以臺灣國際觀光旅館為例」,管理與系統,民國93年,Vol.11:4,pp.485-507。
莊懿妃、翁振益、應公保、鄭敏玉,「國際觀光旅館業服務品質與經營效率之研究-以台北地區國際觀光旅館為例」,中華管理評論,民國93年,Vol.7:1,pp.83-105。
鑫鴻國際商務編,觀光旅館從業人員訓練計劃調查報告,交通部觀光局出版,民國82年。
交通部觀光局出版,中華民國93年台灣地區國際觀光旅館營運分析報告,民國94年。
三、碩、博士論文
王雪梅,「國際觀光旅館競爭策略之研究-以晶華酒店為例」,台北大學企業管理學系碩士論文,民國91年。
王惠霞,「我國國際觀光旅館教育訓練實施之研究」,東華大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,民國87年。
尤國彬,「高雄地區觀光旅館經營策略之研究」,中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,民國85年。
甘唐沖,「觀光旅館業人力資源管理制度與型態之研究」,文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,民國80年。
李睿哲,「組織文化與人力資源管理策略對標竿旅館業者營運績效之影響」,中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,民國92年。
岑淑筱,「國際觀光旅館人力資源策略發展模式之研究」,臺灣師範大學工業科技教育研究所博士論文,民國93年。
談心怡,「台灣觀光旅館業員工考核制度之探討」,世新大學觀光學系碩士論文,民國89年。
葉靜輝,「勞基法對觀光旅館業影響之研究」,中正大學勞工研究所碩士論文,民國86年。
鄭玉惠,「國際觀光旅館服務品質之研究」,中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,民國81年。
四、中文網站
93年台灣地區事業人力僱用狀況調查結果綜合分析,行政院主計處網站,http://www.dgbas.gov.tw。
94年1~12月觀光旅館營運統計月報,交通部觀光局網站,http://202.39.225.136/indexc.asp。
95年5月觀光旅館營運統計月報,交通部觀光局網站,http://202.39.225.136/indexc.asp。
中華民國94年來台旅客消費及動向調查,觀光局網站,http://202.39.225.136/indexc.asp。
94年版勞動統計年報,勞委會網站,http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/year/rptmenuyear.htm。
勞動統計月報,第16期,勞委會網站,
http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/mon /rptmenumon.htm。
95年第1季晶華酒店母公司財務報告書,證券交易所公開資訊觀測站,http://newmops.tse.com.tw/。
95年第1季亞都麗緻母公司財務報告書,證券交易所公開資訊觀測站,
http://newmops.tse.com.tw/。
五、英文書籍
Korczynski, M., Human Resource Management in Service Work, N.Y.: Palgrave, 2002.
Kotler, P., Bowen, J. & Makens, J., Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2003.
Mill, R. C. & Morrison, A. M., The Tourism System:An Introductory Text, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985.
Robbins, S.P. & Coulter, M., Management, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002.
Tanke, M.L., Human Resource Management for the Hospitality Industry, Florida: Delmar, 2001.
六、英文期刊
Davies, D., Taylor, R. & Savery, L., “The role of appraisal, remuneration and training in improving staff relations in the Western Australian accommodation industry: A comparative study”, Journal of European Industrial Training, 2001, Vol.25:6/7, pp.366-373.
Fernanado, M.A., Pedro, M.R-F.& Gonzalo, S.-G., “Strategic human resource management: integrating the universalistic, contingent, configurational and contextual perspectives”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2005, Vol.16:5, pp.633-659.
Gonzalez, Santiago Melian, “Improving human resources management: some practical questions and answers”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2004, Vol.16:1, pp.59-64.
Hinkin, T.R. & Tracey, J.B., “The Cost of Turnover: putting a price on the learning curve”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 2000, Vol.41:3, pp.14-21.
Hogan, J.J., “Turnover and What to Do About It”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1992, Vol.33:1, p.40.
Inman, C.& Enz, C., “Shattering the myths of the part-time worker”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1995, Vol.36:5, pp.70-73.
Iverson, R. D.& Deery, M., “Turnover culture in the hospitality industry”, Human Resource Management Journal, 1997, Vol.7:4, pp.71-82.
Jolliffe, L. & Farnsworth, R., “Seasonality in tourism employment: human resource challenges”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2003, Vol.15:6, pp.312-316.
Lai, P.C. & Baum, T., “Just-in-time labour supply in the hotel sector – The role of agencies”, Employee Relations, 2005, Vol.27:1, pp.86-99.
Lockyer, C.& Scholarios, D., “Selecting hotel staff: why best practice does not always work”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2004, Vol.16:2, pp.125-135.
Michie, J.& Sheehan, M., “Business strategy, human resources, labour market flexibility and competitive advantage”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2005, Vol.16:3, pp. 445-464.
Partlow, Charles G., “Human-resources practices of TQM hotels”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1996, Vol.37:5, pp.67-77.
Simons, T. & Hinkin, T., “The effect of employee turnover on hotel profits: A test across multiple hotels”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 2001, Vol.42:4, pp.65-69.
Taylor, R. &Davies, D., “Aspects of training and remuneration in the accommodation industry: A comparison between Australian and Singaporean providers,” Journal of European Industrial Training, 2004, Vol.28:6/7, pp.466-473.
Timo, N., & Davidson, M., “A survey of employee relations practices and demographics of MNC chain and domestic luxury hotels in Australia,” Employee Relations, 2005, Vol.27:1/2, pp.175-192.
Warech, M., Tracey, J.B., “Evaluating the Impact of Human Resources: Identifying What Matters,” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 2004, Vol.45:4, pp.376-387.
Wong, K.F., “Industry-specific and general environmental factors impacting on hotel employment,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2004, Vol.16:4/5, pp.287-293.
Worsfold, P., “HRM, performance, commitment and service quality in the hotel industry,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 1999, Vol. 11:7, pp.340-348.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
勞工研究所
92262003
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922620031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張昌吉zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Chang Chien_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 蔡宜倩zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Tsai,Yi Chienen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蔡宜倩zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsai,Yi Chienen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-九月-2009 10:20:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-九月-2009 10:20:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-九月-2009 10:20:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0922620031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34460-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 勞工研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92262003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究欲達成之主要目的為分析我國國際觀光旅館業人力運用之概況、特性與相關問題,以及勞動條件、人力資源管理實務之現況,以及實踐於個案國際觀光旅館業之情形。
本研究主要以深度訪談法進行,分別針對G酒店、H大飯店以及L大飯店三家國際觀光旅館之人資部門主管人員進行深度訪談。訪談內容包括勞動條件、適用勞基法之情形、人力資源運用與人力資源管理實務,以及產業競爭環境下未來人力資源管理策略等相關議題。
經由相關文獻與深度訪談之分析,本研究發現高基層人力比例、部分工時人員與外包人力等彈性人力資源之運用,均為我國國際觀光旅館業從業人員之特殊結構屬性。另一方面,國際觀光旅館業提供的勞動條件普遍偏低,人力運用方面則重視數量及功能上的彈性運用,人力資源管理實務則於個案旅館中因經營管理型態而稍有差異,而未來國際觀光旅館業的營業擴展趨勢將使人力面臨短缺,而影響人力資源策略的形成。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) It has long been recognized that hotel industry generally suffered from shortage of human resource, relatively high turnover rate, and lower paying, no matter overseas or domestic. However, it is not an astonishing phenomenon for international tourist hotels which highlight the importance of service quality and attitude. Thus, human resource management is a critical element of operating performance in international tourist hotels.
The topic for discussion of this research is exploring human resources management practice and relative issues in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Therefore, analyzing labor conditions, practice of human resources management, as well as present application of human resources of international tourist hotels in Taiwan are subject of this study. The purposes of the research are listed:
1. Discussing the characteristic and profile of the international tourist hotels industry in Taiwan, along with the operation and conduct types, and business situation, such as operating income and cost, occupation rate, average room rate, customer category, and so on.
2. Discussing the general situation of human resources exercises, characteristic, practice, and related issues of international tourist hotels in Taiwan.
3. To dissect business profile and exercises of human resources, labor conditions, and human resource management practice of three case hotels.
To implement the purposes, this research was processed by in-depth interview, during May on 2006. The interviewees are all supervisors at human resources department in G hotel, H hotel and L hotel. According to previous findings, issues involved in the questionnaire are labor conditions, manipulation of human resources, practice of human resources management of these three hotels, including recruitment, selection, promotion and merit, training, profile of turnover rate, and the human resource strategy under competitive industry environment in the future.
There are three major results of this study. First, to utilize human resources in international tourist hotels, the numerical and functional flexibility are significant to adjust to business requirement. Such as overtime work, part-time worker, and outsourcing labor are common practices. Second, even though international tourist hotel industry applies to Labor Standards Act, labor conditions in international tourist hotel are rather inferior. Third, human resource management practices in the case hotels show kind of similar on system, with their own chain business type.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論........................................................................................1
第一節、研究背景與動機............................................................1
第二節、研究目的與問題............................................................3
第三節、研究方法........................................................................4
第四節、研究架構........................................................................5
第二章 理論與文獻探討....................................................................7
第一節、人力資源管理................................................................7
第二節、人力資源規劃..............................................................12
第三節、人力資源發展..............................................................14
第四節、國際觀光旅館業人力資源管理相關文獻探討..........17
第三章 我國國際觀光旅館業之現況分析......................................28
第一節、國際觀光旅館業之定義..............................................28
第二節、國際觀光旅館業之特性..............................................29
第三節、國際觀光旅館業之經營型態......................................32
第四節、我國觀光旅館業之發展沿革......................................35
第五節、我國國際觀光旅館業之營運現況..............................37
第四章 國際觀光旅館業人力資源管理實務分析..........................47
第一節、我國國際觀光旅館業從業人員現況..........................47
第二節、國際觀光旅館業人力資源管理特性..........................50
第三節、國際觀光旅館業人力資源之彈性運用......................52
第四節、國際觀光旅館業從業人員勞動條件分析..................55
第五節、國際觀光旅館業人力資源管理之相關問題..............63
第五章 個案分析..............................................................................66
第一節、G酒店...........................................................................66
第二節、H大飯店.......................................................................73
第三節、L大飯店.......................................................................81
第四節、綜合比較分析..............................................................88
第六章 結論與建議..........................................................................95
第一節、結論..............................................................................95
第二節、建議............................................................................101

參考文獻................................................................................................103
附錄一:觀光重要事件發展表..............................................................107
附錄二:訪談綱要..................................................................................109
附錄三:個案訪談記錄一......................................................................110
附錄四:個案訪談記錄二......................................................................115
附錄五:個案訪談記錄三......................................................................121
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dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922620031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際觀光旅館業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人力資源管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 勞動條件zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International tourist hotel industryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human resource managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Labor conditionsen_US
dc.title (題名) 我國國際觀光旅館業人力資源管理之研究-以個案分析為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on Human Resource Management of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan:The Case Studyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李聲吼,人力資源發展,台北:五南,民國86年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳勉勤,旅館管理-理論與實務,台北:揚智,民國92年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周明智,餐旅產業管理,台北:華泰,民國91年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張添洲,人力資源:組織、管理、發展,台北:五南,民國88年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張火燦,策略性人力資源管理,台北:揚智,民國87年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 詹益政,旅館管理實務,台北:揚智,民國91年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃英忠、吳復新、趙必孝著,人力資源管理,台北:空大,民國94年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃英忠、曹國雄、黃同圳、張火燦、王秉鈞著,人力資源管理,台北:華泰,民國91年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃英忠,人力資源管理,台北:三民,民國87年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 簡建忠,人力資源發展,台北:五南,民國84年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、期刊、報告zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王斐青、洪維廷、尚瑞國,「臺灣地區國際觀光旅館經營型態與經營效率之衡量」,亞太經濟管理評論,民國93年,Vol.7,pp.109-123。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李銓、李文瑞、許筱雯,「產業競爭與經營績效-台灣地區國際觀光旅館之策略群組分析」,企業管理學報,民國89年,Vol.48,pp.89-120。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳勁甫、王婷瑜,「經營型態對國際觀光旅館生產力影響之研究- 以台北地區為例」,企銀季刊,民國92年,Vol.26:4,pp.61-76。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳勁甫、王婷瑜,「國際觀光旅館經營效率衡量之研究-隨機邊界法之應用」,旅遊管理研究,民國92年,Vol.3:1,pp.63-77。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳勁甫、黃秋閔,「台北地區國際觀光旅館經營效率之研究」,旅遊管理研究,民國92年,Vol.1:1,pp.27-45。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曹勝雄、曾國雄、吳正雄,「國際觀光旅館員工授權、服務行為與服務品質關係之研究」,國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,NSC90-2416-H-034-004,民國91年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曹勝雄、曾國雄,「我國觀光旅館業營收管理成功運作之影響因素研究」,國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,民國90年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃旭男、張保隆、張德儀,「台灣地區國際觀光旅館業資源能力、服務品質與經營績效之因果關係」,行政院國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,NSC89-2416-H-130-040,民國90年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃營杉、齊德彰,「學習型組織人力資源教育訓練成長模式之研究-以臺灣標竿企業為例」,大葉學報,民國93年,Vol.13:2,pp.81-95。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃營杉、齊德彰,「服務業內部行銷、企業文化、工作滿足與經營績效間關聯性之研究-以臺灣國際觀光旅館為例」,管理與系統,民國93年,Vol.11:4,pp.485-507。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊懿妃、翁振益、應公保、鄭敏玉,「國際觀光旅館業服務品質與經營效率之研究-以台北地區國際觀光旅館為例」,中華管理評論,民國93年,Vol.7:1,pp.83-105。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鑫鴻國際商務編,觀光旅館從業人員訓練計劃調查報告,交通部觀光局出版,民國82年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 交通部觀光局出版,中華民國93年台灣地區國際觀光旅館營運分析報告,民國94年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、碩、博士論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王雪梅,「國際觀光旅館競爭策略之研究-以晶華酒店為例」,台北大學企業管理學系碩士論文,民國91年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王惠霞,「我國國際觀光旅館教育訓練實施之研究」,東華大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,民國87年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 尤國彬,「高雄地區觀光旅館經營策略之研究」,中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,民國85年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 甘唐沖,「觀光旅館業人力資源管理制度與型態之研究」,文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,民國80年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李睿哲,「組織文化與人力資源管理策略對標竿旅館業者營運績效之影響」,中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,民國92年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 岑淑筱,「國際觀光旅館人力資源策略發展模式之研究」,臺灣師範大學工業科技教育研究所博士論文,民國93年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 談心怡,「台灣觀光旅館業員工考核制度之探討」,世新大學觀光學系碩士論文,民國89年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 葉靜輝,「勞基法對觀光旅館業影響之研究」,中正大學勞工研究所碩士論文,民國86年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭玉惠,「國際觀光旅館服務品質之研究」,中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,民國81年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 四、中文網站zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 93年台灣地區事業人力僱用狀況調查結果綜合分析,行政院主計處網站,http://www.dgbas.gov.tw。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 94年1~12月觀光旅館營運統計月報,交通部觀光局網站,http://202.39.225.136/indexc.asp。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 95年5月觀光旅館營運統計月報,交通部觀光局網站,http://202.39.225.136/indexc.asp。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中華民國94年來台旅客消費及動向調查,觀光局網站,http://202.39.225.136/indexc.asp。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 94年版勞動統計年報,勞委會網站,http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/year/rptmenuyear.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 勞動統計月報,第16期,勞委會網站,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/mon /rptmenumon.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 95年第1季晶華酒店母公司財務報告書,證券交易所公開資訊觀測站,http://newmops.tse.com.tw/。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 95年第1季亞都麗緻母公司財務報告書,證券交易所公開資訊觀測站,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://newmops.tse.com.tw/。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 五、英文書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Korczynski, M., Human Resource Management in Service Work, N.Y.: Palgrave, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kotler, P., Bowen, J. & Makens, J., Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mill, R. C. & Morrison, A. M., The Tourism System:An Introductory Text, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robbins, S.P. & Coulter, M., Management, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tanke, M.L., Human Resource Management for the Hospitality Industry, Florida: Delmar, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 六、英文期刊zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fernanado, M.A., Pedro, M.R-F.& Gonzalo, S.-G., “Strategic human resource management: integrating the universalistic, contingent, configurational and contextual perspectives”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2005, Vol.16:5, pp.633-659.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gonzalez, Santiago Melian, “Improving human resources management: some practical questions and answers”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2004, Vol.16:1, pp.59-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hinkin, T.R. & Tracey, J.B., “The Cost of Turnover: putting a price on the learning curve”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 2000, Vol.41:3, pp.14-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hogan, J.J., “Turnover and What to Do About It”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1992, Vol.33:1, p.40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Inman, C.& Enz, C., “Shattering the myths of the part-time worker”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1995, Vol.36:5, pp.70-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Iverson, R. D.& Deery, M., “Turnover culture in the hospitality industry”, Human Resource Management Journal, 1997, Vol.7:4, pp.71-82.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jolliffe, L. & Farnsworth, R., “Seasonality in tourism employment: human resource challenges”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2003, Vol.15:6, pp.312-316.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lai, P.C. & Baum, T., “Just-in-time labour supply in the hotel sector – The role of agencies”, Employee Relations, 2005, Vol.27:1, pp.86-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lockyer, C.& Scholarios, D., “Selecting hotel staff: why best practice does not always work”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2004, Vol.16:2, pp.125-135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Michie, J.& Sheehan, M., “Business strategy, human resources, labour market flexibility and competitive advantage”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2005, Vol.16:3, pp. 445-464.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Partlow, Charles G., “Human-resources practices of TQM hotels”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1996, Vol.37:5, pp.67-77.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simons, T. & Hinkin, T., “The effect of employee turnover on hotel profits: A test across multiple hotels”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 2001, Vol.42:4, pp.65-69.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Taylor, R. &Davies, D., “Aspects of training and remuneration in the accommodation industry: A comparison between Australian and Singaporean providers,” Journal of European Industrial Training, 2004, Vol.28:6/7, pp.466-473.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Timo, N., & Davidson, M., “A survey of employee relations practices and demographics of MNC chain and domestic luxury hotels in Australia,” Employee Relations, 2005, Vol.27:1/2, pp.175-192.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Warech, M., Tracey, J.B., “Evaluating the Impact of Human Resources: Identifying What Matters,” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 2004, Vol.45:4, pp.376-387.zh_TW
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