1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 社會科學學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 臺灣家庭世代共存結構變遷
The Evolution of the Structure of Intergenerational Coexistence in Taiwan
作者 張喻婷
Chang, Yu-ting
貢獻者 陳信木
Chen, Hsin-mu
張喻婷
Chang, Yu-ting
關鍵詞 世代
代間間隔時間
女性生命週期
家庭世代共存結構
Generation
Mean Length of Generation
Life Course of Female
Structure of Intergenerational Coexistence
日期 2004
上傳時間 18-九月-2009 10:50:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 「世代」是一個是父死子繼的過程，亦是一個家庭生命歷程的交換、更新與取代，要產生人口「替代」（replace），就必須有人口「再生產」或「繁殖」（reproduction），才會有所謂的替代過程發生。本文以繁殖率（reproduction rate）為基礎，計算世代長度（mean length of generation）。並以臺灣總生育率的變化作為切入點，從其半世紀以來的整體趨勢，去看生育率變化與世代長度變遷之關連性；而代間間隔時間之變遷必然影響臺灣家庭世代的共存結構，使得家庭結構產生改變。本文從女性觀點著手，納入初婚年齡中位數與平均餘命的概念，討論半世紀以來臺灣家庭世代共存結構變遷。世代變遷之所以重要在於其不只是對家庭產生意義，也同時影響個人生命及其生活之樣貌。
在1979年以前，臺灣世代長度變化與總生育率變化的趨勢大抵一致，在1979年以前，世代長度隨著總生育率下滑，到了1979年，總生育率還是不斷減少，但世代長度卻已停止下降，向上攀升。
從家庭可能產生之人口數量說明臺灣五十餘年之家庭世代共存結構變化：
1) 50年代--三代共存：此時期的家庭人口相當多，可能同時包括雙親、七個子女、七個媳婦，八至十個孫子三代，家庭裡共存人數可能多到40人以上，此時期家庭最大的特色在於叔姪同齡、「長兄如父、長嫂如母」的特殊現象。
2) 60年代--四代共存：從人口層面推論，四代同堂最有可能發生在70年代，主要在於此時期的平均餘命延長，讓親代有足夠的生命等待曾孫子女的來臨，同時也有足夠的生命看著所有的子女長大結婚生子。
3) 70年代--四代共存：此時期的家中共存人數較前期減少許多，約莫在30人左右，主要原因是此時期的總生育率已下降至1.9人。
4) 80年代--四代共存：和70年代相同的是，此時期也可能是個四代同堂的家庭型態，不同的是，由於總生育率下降，家庭共存人口比起70年代數量驟減，約莫10-15人。
5) 90年代--三代共存：此時期的家庭結構將再度回到三代共存的情形，與50年代三代共存不同的是，此時期由四代共存回到三代共存原因在於遲育現象，而家庭人口組成也愈趨簡單。
6) 21世紀--兩代共存：此時期的家庭結構將產生很大的變化，結婚年齡延後加上所生育的子女數銳減，使得家庭人口數將更少，可能出現僅有兩代共存的情形，勢必造成親代與子代的鍊結更深，意味著所有雙親照顧的責任可能全落在一個子女身上。
世代變遷影響下的家庭世代共存結構改變，改變了家庭人口的規模與組成，進而影響了家庭成員的生活模式及型態；現今家庭所生育子女數僅1人餘，因此獨生子女現象造成一人需負擔兩人的照顧問題，無論是在經濟或心理上都將是一種沈重的負擔。

關鍵字：世代、代間間隔時間、女性生命週期、家庭世代共存結構
The languid flow of one generation to the next symbolizes the constant reweaving of our social fabric: As daughters assume the roles their mothers left in death, the life of the family is renewed and perpetuated, but also is steered onto a unique path. The motivating force behind this familiar familial story is the reproduction of human life, without which the replacement of human populations, of mothers with daughters and fathers with sons, cannot occur. Naturally, reproduction rates form the crux of my research, as I use it to calculate mean generation lengths over the last fifty years. The trends and trajectories of the past half-century are integral to examining the interconnectivity of changes in the total fertility rate and changes in mean generation lengths; moreover, changes in mean generation lengths impact significantly the structure of intergenerational coexistence in particular and the entire family structure in general. My research also approaches the topic through a yoni-centric perspective: I employ statistics concerning the median age of first marriage and average life expectancy of women to discuss the evolution of the structure of intergenerational coexistence in Taiwan over the past half-century, as women, stereotypically speaking, exhibit more predictable and stable life patterns than men. Ultimately, generation replacement is important not only because it fosters meaning within the family, but also because it weighs heavily on the very content that forms the lives that individual family members lead.
Prior to 1979, the mean generation length and total fertility rate in Taiwan exhibited similar fluctuation patterns: Mean generation lengths shortened in accordance with total fertility rate’s steady decline. However, by 1979, the total fertility rate continued to fall, while mean generation lengths leveled off and even began to rise.
Through my research, I discovered that potential family size serves as an effective analytical window to study the evolution of the structure of intergenerational coexistence in Taiwan over the last fifty odd years:
1) 1950s (three generations coexisting): The family size during this decade was very large, and can include parents, seven children, seven daughter-in-laws, and eight to ten grandchildren all living under the same roof. Total family size sometimes exceeds forty persons. There were two unique characteristics of families during this decade. First, family members of two generations may be of the same age (i.e. an uncle is the same age as his nephew). Second, traditional practice dictated that upon the death of the parents, the eldest son assumes the role of the father (head of the house) and his wife assumes the role of the mother.
2) 1960s (four generations coexisting): According to population studies, the phenomenon of four generations living under the same roof was mostly likely to occur during the 1970s, since average life expectancies increased significantly during this decade, allowing parents to witness grandchildren marry and sire great-grandchildren.
3) 1970s (four generations coexisting): Due to total fertility rates declining to 1.9, family size during this decade decreased significantly, consisting of at most about thirty persons.
4) 1980s (four generations coexisting): Like the 1970s, it was also possible for four generations to live under one roof during this decade. Unlike the 1970s, family size shrunk to about ten to fifteen persons in accordance with steady declines in the total fertility rate.
5) 1990s (three generations coexisting): Family structures returned to three generations living under the same roof during this decade. Unlike the 1950s, however, the cause of this decline was the fact that women began bearing their first child at an older age, which resulted in simpler organization of family members.
6) Present (two generations coexisting): Family structures are undergoing dramatic changes in the 21st century. People are marrying later in life and having fewer children, which leads to considerable decline in family size and only two generations living under the same roof. This, however, has also precipitated closer ties between parents and their children, and the responsibility of caring for both parents in their old age is likely to fall on a single son or daughter.
The structure of intergenerational coexistence has evolved over the past half-century under the influence of changes in the process of generation replacement. As a result, the roles of individual family members and the particular burdens they bear have also undergone considerable change. Today, families often have only one child, which results in the problem of a single child having to care for two aging parents. This is a mighty burden in terms of both economic and emotional sacrifice.

Keyword: Generation、Mean Length of Generation、Life Course of Female 、Structure of Intergenerational Coexistence
參考文獻 英文部分：
Angela M. O`Rand, Margaret L. Krecker. 1990. "Concepts of the Life Cycle: Their History, Meanings, and Uses in the Social Sciences." Annual Review of Sociology 16: 241-62.
Burch, Thomas K. 1967. "The Size and Structure of Families: A Comparative Analysis of Census Data." Annual Review of Sociology 32:3: 347-63.
Caldwell, J. 1976. "The Containment of World Population Growth." Studies in Family Planning 6(12): 429-432.
—. 1982. Theory of Fertility Decline. New York: Academic Press.
Carr, Deborah. 2003. "How Families Still Matter: A Longitudinal Study of Youth in Two Generations." Contemporary Sociology 32, 6: 695-6.
Charles P. Loomis, C. Horace Hamilton. 1936. "Family Life Cycle Analysis." Social Force 15: 225-31.
Charlotte Hohn. 1987. "The Family Life Cycle: Needed Extensions of the Concept." Pp. 65-80 in Family Demography: Methods and their Application, edited by T. Burch and K. Wachter J. Bongaarts. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Chen, Chao-Nan. 1996. "Living Apart from One`s Children in Later Life--The Case of Taiwan." Taiwanese Journal of Sociology 19: 57-93.
—. 1999. "Change of Living Arrangements and Its Consequences among the Elderly in Taiwan." Proceedings of National Science Council, ROC Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences 9: 364-75.
Chen, Chaonan. 1996. "Living Arrangements and Economic Support for the Elderly in Taiwan." Journal of Population Studies: 59-81.
Chen, Kuan-Jeng. 1987. "On the Change of Household Composition in Taiwan." Chinese Journal of Sociology 11: 173-83.
Coale, A. 1973. "The Demographic Transition." Proceedings of the International Population Conference, Liege 1: 53-72.
Cohen, Myron. 1970. Development Process in the Chinese Domestic Group. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
—. 1976. House United, House Divided: The Chinese Family in Taiwan. New York: Columbia University Press.
Crosnoe Robert and Glen H. Elder, JR. 2002. "Life Course Transition, the Generation Stake, and Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships." Journal of Marriage and Family 64: 1089-1096.
Dharmalingam, A. 2004. Reproductivity. San Diego, California: Elsevier Academic Press.
Dublin, L. I., and A.J. Lotka. 1925. "On the True Rate of Natural Increase." Journal of the American Statistical Association 20: 305-339.
Glick, Paul C. 1947. "The Family Cycle." American Sociological Review 12(2) The American Family and Its Housing: 164-74.
—. 1955. "The Life Cycle of the Family." Marriage and Family Living 17(1): 3-9.
—. 1989. "The Family Life Cycle and Social Change." Family Relations 38(2): 123-9.
Glick PC. and Robert Parke, Jr. 1965. "New Approaches in Studying the Life Cycle of the Family." Demography 2: 187-202.
Goldstein Joshua, Wolfgang Lutz, and Sergei Scherbov. 2003. "Long-Term Population Decline in Europe: The Relative Importance of Tempo Effects and Generational Length." Population and Development Review 29(4): 699-707.
Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Gotz Rohwer. 1995. "Nonparametric Descriptive Methods." Pp. 51-79 in Techniques of Event History Modeling: New Approaches to Causal Analysis. New Jersey: Mahwah.
Hui-Chuan Hsu, Chin-Yin Lew-Ting, and Shwu-Chong Wu. 2001. "Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on the Attitude toward Supporting Parents in Taiwan." The Gerontologist 41:6: 742-50.
Hyun On-Kang, Lee Wanjeong, Yoo An-Jin, Cho Bok-Hee, et al. 2002. "Social Support for Two generations of New Mothers in Selected Populations in Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 33: 515-528.
Judson, D. H. and Carole L. Popoff. 2004. Selected General Methods. San Diego, California: Elsevier Academic Press.
Kinsella, Kevin. 1995. "Aging and the Family: Present and Future Demographic Issue." Handbook of Aging and the Family Chapter 3: 32-56.
Kintner, Hallie J. 2004. "The Life Table." Demography Chapter13: 301-340.
Lee, Mei-Lin, Sun, Te-Hsiung. 1995. "The Family and Demography in Contemporary Taiwan." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 26: 101-14.
Lotka, A. J. 1907. "Relation between Birth Rates and Death Rates." Science(New Series) 26(653): 21-2.
—. 1936. "The Geographic Distribution of Intrinsic Natural Increase in the United States, and an Examination of the Relation between Several Measures of Net Reproductivity." Journal of the American Statistical Association 31: 273-94.
Maynes, Mary Jo, Waltner, Ann. 2001. "Children, Youth, and the Female Life Cycle: Women`s Life-Cycle Transitions in a World-Historical Perspective; Comparing Marriage in China and Europe." Journal of Women`s History 12: 11-21.
Morioka, Kiyomi. 1967. "Life Cycle Patterns in Japan, China, and United States." Journal of Marriage and the Family 29:3: 595-606.
Oshima, Harry T. 1983. "The Industrial and Demographic Transitions in East Asia." Population and Development Review 9: 583-607.
R. Freedman, Ming-Cheng Chang, and Te-Hsiung Sun. 1982. "Household Composition, Extended Kinship and Reproduction in Taiwan." Population Studies 36: 395-411.
Ryder, Norman B. 1975. "Reproductive Behavior and Family Life Cycle." Pp. 278-88 in Population Debate: Dimensions and Perspectives. New York: United Nations.
Sun, Te-Hsiung. 1991. "Chinese Family in Social Change: An Experience in Taiwan." Proceedings of National Science Council, ROC Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences 2: 133-50.
Uhlenberg, Peter R. 1969. "A Study of Cohort Life Cycles: Cohort of Native Born Massachusetts Women, 1830-1920." Population Studies 23: 407-20.
Wolfgang Lutz, Brian C O`Neill, Sergei Scherbov. 2003. "Europe`s Population at a Turning Point." Science 299: 1991-2.
中文部分：
內政部。1995。《中華民國臺閩地區人口統計》。
—。2004。《中華民國臺閩地區人口統計》。
文崇一、章英華、張苙雲、朱瑞玲。1989。「家庭結構及其相關變項的分析：臺北市的例子」，伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編，《臺灣社會現象的分析：家庭、人口、政策與階層》，頁1-24。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。
王崧興。1985。「論漢人社會的家戶與家族」，〈中央研究院民族學研究所集刊〉，59:123-129。
—。1991。「中國人的「家」（Jia）制度與現代化」，《中國家庭及其變遷》，頁9-14。香港：香港中文大學社會科學院暨香港亞太研究所。
王德睦、陳寬政。1988。「現代化、人口轉型、與家戶組成：一個社會變遷理論之驗證」，楊國樞、瞿海源主編，《變遷中的臺灣社會》，頁45-59。 臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。
—。1996。「臺灣地區家戶組成之推計」，〈臺灣社會學刊〉，19:9-33。
臺灣中華書局辭海編委會。1985。最新增訂本辭海。台北：臺灣中華。
伊慶春。1985。「臺灣地區不同家庭型態的偏好及其含意」。〈國立臺灣大學社會學刊〉17:1-14。
—。1991。「家庭問題」。楊國樞、葉啟政主編，《臺灣的社會問題》，頁223-258。台北：巨流出版社。
行政院戶口普查處。1982。中華民國六十九年台閩地區戶口及住宅普查報告」。
行政院衛生署國民健康局。2004。「國人對婚姻與生育態度調查」。
李美玲。1986。「夫妻年齡及教育程度差異對生育控制的影響」，〈人口學刊〉，9:61-78。
—。1990。「臺灣地區婦女的生育步調與生育轉型」，〈人口學刊〉，13:145-166。
—。1994。「二十世紀以來臺灣人口婚姻狀況的變遷。〈人口學刊〉，16:1-15。
林宇璇、劉怡妏、林惠生。2004。「臺灣婦女生育態度與行為及其轉變」，〈行政院衛生署國民健康局研究簡訊〉http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/people/。
林勝義。1994。「臺灣家庭的結構變遷與轉型需求」，〈社區發展季刊〉，68:41-44。
林惠生。1994。「從臺灣的社會經濟變遷、人口轉型探討婚姻與家庭的變遷」，〈研考雙月刊〉，18(6):12-17。
孫得雄。1991。「社會變遷中的中國家庭」，《中國家庭及其變遷》，頁33-52。香港：香港中文大學社會科學院暨香港亞太研究所。
—。1997。「臺灣人口研究的回顧與前瞻」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁1-8。台北：中華民國人口學會。
徐良熙、林忠正。1989。「家庭結構及社會變遷的再研究」，伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編，《臺灣社會現象的分析：家庭、人口、政策與階層》，頁25-55。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。
涂肇慶。1986。「人口變遷與社會制度的關係」，〈人口學刊〉，9:25-34。
—。1987。「臺灣地區生育率與死亡率對親屬數量的影響」，〈九州學刊〉，4:77-96。
—。1990。人口學--觀念與研究課題導論。台北：桂冠。
涂肇慶、陳寬政。1989。「臺灣地區人口變遷對社會安全制度的影響」，〈中國社會學刊〉，13:169-190。
張明正。1991。「Fertility Transition and Shifting Attitudes Toward Intergenerational Support-the Case of Taiwan」，〈農業經濟半年刊〉，49:57-80。
—。1997。「臺灣地區生育轉型後之人口問題及其對策」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁9-13。台北：中華民國人口學會。
張明正、李美慧。2001。「臺灣地區人口轉型後之生育趨勢與展望」，〈人口學刊〉，23:93-112。
許慎。1961。說文解字。台北：世界。
陳宇嘉、陳寬政。 1983。「老人問題與家庭制度」，〈社會福利〉，20:73-89。
陳妙盡、王德睦與莊義利。1997。「臺灣地區老人健康狀況與居住安排」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁325-358。台北：中華民國人口學會。
陳其南。1985。「房與傳統中國家族制度--兼論西方人類學的中國家族研究」，〈漢學研究〉，3:1:127-183。
陳信木。2004。《臺灣地區客家婦女之生育史時間模式變遷比較分析》。台北。
陳紹馨。1979。《臺灣的人口變遷與社會變遷》。台北：聯經。
陳肇男。1993。「臺灣地區鰥寡老人之居住安排」，〈中國社會學刊〉，17:16379。
陳寬政。1985。「人口轉型的形式動態」，〈人口學刊〉，8:1-24。
—。1995。「臺灣地區的人口變遷與社會安全」，〈 社區發展季刊〉，17:98-115。
陳寬政、王德睦。1988。「現代化人口轉型與家戶組成」，楊國樞、瞿海源主編，《變遷中的臺灣社會--第一次社會變遷基本調查資料的分析，上冊》，頁45-60。台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。
陳寬政、王德睦、陳文玲。1986。「臺灣地區人口變遷的原因與結果」，〈人口學刊〉，9:1-24。
—。1991。「人口問題」，楊國樞、葉啟政主編，《臺灣的社會問題》，頁155-186。台北：巨流出版社。
陳寬政、涂肇慶、林益厚。1989。「臺灣地區的家戶組成及其變遷」，伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編，《臺灣社會現象的分析：家庭、人口、政策與階層》，頁311-335。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。
陳寬政、葉天鋒。1983。「日據時代以來臺灣地區人口年齡組成之變遷：1905-1979」，〈人口學刊〉，6:99-114。
章英華。1994。「臺灣的家庭研究：從家戶組成到家人關係」，〈社區發展季刊〉，68:35-40。
彭台臨。1990。「臺灣人口變動與國民教育發展」，〈人口學刊〉，13:21-42。
曾秋美。1998。《臺灣媳婦仔的生活世界》。台北：玉山社。
費孝通。1991。「三論中國家庭結構的變動「社會變遷中的中國家庭」，《中國家庭及其變遷》，頁3-8。香港: 香港中文大學社會科學院暨香港亞太研究所。
黃俊傑。1989。「臺灣家庭型態的變遷--以新莊為例」，〈 輔仁學誌〉，21:137-211。
楊靜利。1996。「生育率年齡分佈對出生數量與年齡結構影響之模擬」，〈人口學刊〉，17:135-152。
—。1999。「老年人的居住安排--子女數量與同居傾向因素之探討」，〈人口學刊〉，20:167-183。
楊靜利、涂肇慶與陳寬政。1997。「臺灣地區人口轉型與人口老化速度之探討」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁15-38。台北：中華民國人口學會。
楊靜利、曾毅。2000。「臺灣的家戶推計」，〈 臺灣社會學刊〉，24:239-279。
楊靜利、劉一龍。2002。「臺灣的家庭生活歷程」，〈 臺灣社會學刊〉，27:77-105。
經建會人力規劃小組。2004。《中華民國臺灣民國93年至140年人口推計》。行政院經濟建設委員會。
臺灣省行政長官公署統計室。1946。《臺灣省五十一年來（民國前十七年至民國三十四年）統計提要》，臺北：臺灣省行政長官公署統計室，臺灣省政府主計處民83年重印。
蔡宏進。1981。「臺灣社會經濟發展對人口變遷影響」，〈臺灣銀行季刊〉，32（4）:188-212。
蔡宏進、廖正宏。1987。《人口學》。台北：巨流圖書公司。
賴澤涵、陳寬政。 1980。 「我國「家庭」的研究」，〈中國論壇〉，12(1):46-51。
謝高橋。1980。《家戶組成、結構與生育》。台北：國立政治大學民族社會學系人口調查研究室。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學研究所
91254001
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912540011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳信木zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Hsin-muen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 張喻婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Chang, Yu-tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張喻婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Yu-tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-九月-2009 10:50:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-九月-2009 10:50:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-九月-2009 10:50:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0912540011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34653-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 社會學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91254001zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 「世代」是一個是父死子繼的過程，亦是一個家庭生命歷程的交換、更新與取代，要產生人口「替代」（replace），就必須有人口「再生產」或「繁殖」（reproduction），才會有所謂的替代過程發生。本文以繁殖率（reproduction rate）為基礎，計算世代長度（mean length of generation）。並以臺灣總生育率的變化作為切入點，從其半世紀以來的整體趨勢，去看生育率變化與世代長度變遷之關連性；而代間間隔時間之變遷必然影響臺灣家庭世代的共存結構，使得家庭結構產生改變。本文從女性觀點著手，納入初婚年齡中位數與平均餘命的概念，討論半世紀以來臺灣家庭世代共存結構變遷。世代變遷之所以重要在於其不只是對家庭產生意義，也同時影響個人生命及其生活之樣貌。
在1979年以前，臺灣世代長度變化與總生育率變化的趨勢大抵一致，在1979年以前，世代長度隨著總生育率下滑，到了1979年，總生育率還是不斷減少，但世代長度卻已停止下降，向上攀升。
從家庭可能產生之人口數量說明臺灣五十餘年之家庭世代共存結構變化：
1) 50年代--三代共存：此時期的家庭人口相當多，可能同時包括雙親、七個子女、七個媳婦，八至十個孫子三代，家庭裡共存人數可能多到40人以上，此時期家庭最大的特色在於叔姪同齡、「長兄如父、長嫂如母」的特殊現象。
2) 60年代--四代共存：從人口層面推論，四代同堂最有可能發生在70年代，主要在於此時期的平均餘命延長，讓親代有足夠的生命等待曾孫子女的來臨，同時也有足夠的生命看著所有的子女長大結婚生子。
3) 70年代--四代共存：此時期的家中共存人數較前期減少許多，約莫在30人左右，主要原因是此時期的總生育率已下降至1.9人。
4) 80年代--四代共存：和70年代相同的是，此時期也可能是個四代同堂的家庭型態，不同的是，由於總生育率下降，家庭共存人口比起70年代數量驟減，約莫10-15人。
5) 90年代--三代共存：此時期的家庭結構將再度回到三代共存的情形，與50年代三代共存不同的是，此時期由四代共存回到三代共存原因在於遲育現象，而家庭人口組成也愈趨簡單。
6) 21世紀--兩代共存：此時期的家庭結構將產生很大的變化，結婚年齡延後加上所生育的子女數銳減，使得家庭人口數將更少，可能出現僅有兩代共存的情形，勢必造成親代與子代的鍊結更深，意味著所有雙親照顧的責任可能全落在一個子女身上。
世代變遷影響下的家庭世代共存結構改變，改變了家庭人口的規模與組成，進而影響了家庭成員的生活模式及型態；現今家庭所生育子女數僅1人餘，因此獨生子女現象造成一人需負擔兩人的照顧問題，無論是在經濟或心理上都將是一種沈重的負擔。

關鍵字：世代、代間間隔時間、女性生命週期、家庭世代共存結構		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The languid flow of one generation to the next symbolizes the constant reweaving of our social fabric: As daughters assume the roles their mothers left in death, the life of the family is renewed and perpetuated, but also is steered onto a unique path. The motivating force behind this familiar familial story is the reproduction of human life, without which the replacement of human populations, of mothers with daughters and fathers with sons, cannot occur. Naturally, reproduction rates form the crux of my research, as I use it to calculate mean generation lengths over the last fifty years. The trends and trajectories of the past half-century are integral to examining the interconnectivity of changes in the total fertility rate and changes in mean generation lengths; moreover, changes in mean generation lengths impact significantly the structure of intergenerational coexistence in particular and the entire family structure in general. My research also approaches the topic through a yoni-centric perspective: I employ statistics concerning the median age of first marriage and average life expectancy of women to discuss the evolution of the structure of intergenerational coexistence in Taiwan over the past half-century, as women, stereotypically speaking, exhibit more predictable and stable life patterns than men. Ultimately, generation replacement is important not only because it fosters meaning within the family, but also because it weighs heavily on the very content that forms the lives that individual family members lead.
Prior to 1979, the mean generation length and total fertility rate in Taiwan exhibited similar fluctuation patterns: Mean generation lengths shortened in accordance with total fertility rate’s steady decline. However, by 1979, the total fertility rate continued to fall, while mean generation lengths leveled off and even began to rise.
Through my research, I discovered that potential family size serves as an effective analytical window to study the evolution of the structure of intergenerational coexistence in Taiwan over the last fifty odd years:
1) 1950s (three generations coexisting): The family size during this decade was very large, and can include parents, seven children, seven daughter-in-laws, and eight to ten grandchildren all living under the same roof. Total family size sometimes exceeds forty persons. There were two unique characteristics of families during this decade. First, family members of two generations may be of the same age (i.e. an uncle is the same age as his nephew). Second, traditional practice dictated that upon the death of the parents, the eldest son assumes the role of the father (head of the house) and his wife assumes the role of the mother.
2) 1960s (four generations coexisting): According to population studies, the phenomenon of four generations living under the same roof was mostly likely to occur during the 1970s, since average life expectancies increased significantly during this decade, allowing parents to witness grandchildren marry and sire great-grandchildren.
3) 1970s (four generations coexisting): Due to total fertility rates declining to 1.9, family size during this decade decreased significantly, consisting of at most about thirty persons.
4) 1980s (four generations coexisting): Like the 1970s, it was also possible for four generations to live under one roof during this decade. Unlike the 1970s, family size shrunk to about ten to fifteen persons in accordance with steady declines in the total fertility rate.
5) 1990s (three generations coexisting): Family structures returned to three generations living under the same roof during this decade. Unlike the 1950s, however, the cause of this decline was the fact that women began bearing their first child at an older age, which resulted in simpler organization of family members.
6) Present (two generations coexisting): Family structures are undergoing dramatic changes in the 21st century. People are marrying later in life and having fewer children, which leads to considerable decline in family size and only two generations living under the same roof. This, however, has also precipitated closer ties between parents and their children, and the responsibility of caring for both parents in their old age is likely to fall on a single son or daughter.
The structure of intergenerational coexistence has evolved over the past half-century under the influence of changes in the process of generation replacement. As a result, the roles of individual family members and the particular burdens they bear have also undergone considerable change. Today, families often have only one child, which results in the problem of a single child having to care for two aging parents. This is a mighty burden in terms of both economic and emotional sacrifice.

Keyword: Generation、Mean Length of Generation、Life Course of Female 、Structure of Intergenerational Coexistence		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 誌謝
摘要
目次
表次
圖次
第一章 緒論 1
壹 研究緣起 1
貳 前言 5
第二章 臺灣生育率轉型 7
壹 臺灣時期總生育率的變遷趨勢 7
貳 臺灣生育步調的變化對生育率之影響 10
一 時期年齡別生育率之變化 11
二 年輪年齡別生育率之變化 14
三 時期總生育率與年輪總生育率之比較 16
參 結語 20
第三章 臺灣生育率轉型對世代長度的影響 21
壹 代間間隔時間計算說明 22
一 世代的定義 22
二 內部自然增加率 23
三 代間間隔時間的計算 25
貳 臺灣代間間隔時間變遷 27
一 臺灣代間間隔時間變遷，1950-2002 27
二 臺灣代間間隔時間與總生育率變遷關係探討 31
參 結語 34
第四章 世代變遷下之臺灣家庭共存結構變化 35
壹 相關研究探討 35
一 家庭生命週期與家庭生活歷程 35
二 家庭結構 38
貳 臺灣家庭世代共存結構之變遷 42
一 臺灣家庭世代共存結構—時期（period）觀點 44
二 臺灣家庭世代共存結構—年輪（cohort）觀點 59
參 結語 69
第五章 結論 70
壹 研究限制 70
貳 結語 70
第六章 參考書目 72		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 44308 bytes-
dc.format.extent 56611 bytes-
dc.format.extent 90814 bytes-
dc.format.extent 86814 bytes-
dc.format.extent 212988 bytes-
dc.format.extent 323869 bytes-
dc.format.extent 294752 bytes-
dc.format.extent 1686868 bytes-
dc.format.extent 104459 bytes-
dc.format.extent 134506 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912540011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世代zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 代間間隔時間zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性生命週期zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 家庭世代共存結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Generationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mean Length of Generationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Life Course of Femaleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Structure of Intergenerational Coexistenceen_US
dc.title (題名) 臺灣家庭世代共存結構變遷zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Evolution of the Structure of Intergenerational Coexistence in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Angela M. O`Rand, Margaret L. Krecker. 1990. "Concepts of the Life Cycle: Their History, Meanings, and Uses in the Social Sciences." Annual Review of Sociology 16: 241-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burch, Thomas K. 1967. "The Size and Structure of Families: A Comparative Analysis of Census Data." Annual Review of Sociology 32:3: 347-63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Caldwell, J. 1976. "The Containment of World Population Growth." Studies in Family Planning 6(12): 429-432.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1982. Theory of Fertility Decline. New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carr, Deborah. 2003. "How Families Still Matter: A Longitudinal Study of Youth in Two Generations." Contemporary Sociology 32, 6: 695-6.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Charles P. Loomis, C. Horace Hamilton. 1936. "Family Life Cycle Analysis." Social Force 15: 225-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Charlotte Hohn. 1987. "The Family Life Cycle: Needed Extensions of the Concept." Pp. 65-80 in Family Demography: Methods and their Application, edited by T. Burch and K. Wachter J. Bongaarts. Oxford: Clarendon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Chao-Nan. 1996. "Living Apart from One`s Children in Later Life--The Case of Taiwan." Taiwanese Journal of Sociology 19: 57-93.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1999. "Change of Living Arrangements and Its Consequences among the Elderly in Taiwan." Proceedings of National Science Council, ROC Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences 9: 364-75.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Chaonan. 1996. "Living Arrangements and Economic Support for the Elderly in Taiwan." Journal of Population Studies: 59-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Kuan-Jeng. 1987. "On the Change of Household Composition in Taiwan." Chinese Journal of Sociology 11: 173-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coale, A. 1973. "The Demographic Transition." Proceedings of the International Population Conference, Liege 1: 53-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cohen, Myron. 1970. Development Process in the Chinese Domestic Group. Stanford: Stanford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1976. House United, House Divided: The Chinese Family in Taiwan. New York: Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crosnoe Robert and Glen H. Elder, JR. 2002. "Life Course Transition, the Generation Stake, and Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships." Journal of Marriage and Family 64: 1089-1096.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dharmalingam, A. 2004. Reproductivity. San Diego, California: Elsevier Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dublin, L. I., and A.J. Lotka. 1925. "On the True Rate of Natural Increase." Journal of the American Statistical Association 20: 305-339.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glick, Paul C. 1947. "The Family Cycle." American Sociological Review 12(2) The American Family and Its Housing: 164-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1955. "The Life Cycle of the Family." Marriage and Family Living 17(1): 3-9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1989. "The Family Life Cycle and Social Change." Family Relations 38(2): 123-9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glick PC. and Robert Parke, Jr. 1965. "New Approaches in Studying the Life Cycle of the Family." Demography 2: 187-202.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goldstein Joshua, Wolfgang Lutz, and Sergei Scherbov. 2003. "Long-Term Population Decline in Europe: The Relative Importance of Tempo Effects and Generational Length." Population and Development Review 29(4): 699-707.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Gotz Rohwer. 1995. "Nonparametric Descriptive Methods." Pp. 51-79 in Techniques of Event History Modeling: New Approaches to Causal Analysis. New Jersey: Mahwah.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hui-Chuan Hsu, Chin-Yin Lew-Ting, and Shwu-Chong Wu. 2001. "Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on the Attitude toward Supporting Parents in Taiwan." The Gerontologist 41:6: 742-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hyun On-Kang, Lee Wanjeong, Yoo An-Jin, Cho Bok-Hee, et al. 2002. "Social Support for Two generations of New Mothers in Selected Populations in Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 33: 515-528.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Judson, D. H. and Carole L. Popoff. 2004. Selected General Methods. San Diego, California: Elsevier Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kinsella, Kevin. 1995. "Aging and the Family: Present and Future Demographic Issue." Handbook of Aging and the Family Chapter 3: 32-56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kintner, Hallie J. 2004. "The Life Table." Demography Chapter13: 301-340.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lee, Mei-Lin, Sun, Te-Hsiung. 1995. "The Family and Demography in Contemporary Taiwan." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 26: 101-14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lotka, A. J. 1907. "Relation between Birth Rates and Death Rates." Science(New Series) 26(653): 21-2.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1936. "The Geographic Distribution of Intrinsic Natural Increase in the United States, and an Examination of the Relation between Several Measures of Net Reproductivity." Journal of the American Statistical Association 31: 273-94.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maynes, Mary Jo, Waltner, Ann. 2001. "Children, Youth, and the Female Life Cycle: Women`s Life-Cycle Transitions in a World-Historical Perspective; Comparing Marriage in China and Europe." Journal of Women`s History 12: 11-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morioka, Kiyomi. 1967. "Life Cycle Patterns in Japan, China, and United States." Journal of Marriage and the Family 29:3: 595-606.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oshima, Harry T. 1983. "The Industrial and Demographic Transitions in East Asia." Population and Development Review 9: 583-607.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) R. Freedman, Ming-Cheng Chang, and Te-Hsiung Sun. 1982. "Household Composition, Extended Kinship and Reproduction in Taiwan." Population Studies 36: 395-411.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ryder, Norman B. 1975. "Reproductive Behavior and Family Life Cycle." Pp. 278-88 in Population Debate: Dimensions and Perspectives. New York: United Nations.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sun, Te-Hsiung. 1991. "Chinese Family in Social Change: An Experience in Taiwan." Proceedings of National Science Council, ROC Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences 2: 133-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Uhlenberg, Peter R. 1969. "A Study of Cohort Life Cycles: Cohort of Native Born Massachusetts Women, 1830-1920." Population Studies 23: 407-20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wolfgang Lutz, Brian C O`Neill, Sergei Scherbov. 2003. "Europe`s Population at a Turning Point." Science 299: 1991-2.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 內政部。1995。《中華民國臺閩地區人口統計》。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。2004。《中華民國臺閩地區人口統計》。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 文崇一、章英華、張苙雲、朱瑞玲。1989。「家庭結構及其相關變項的分析：臺北市的例子」，伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編，《臺灣社會現象的分析：家庭、人口、政策與階層》，頁1-24。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王崧興。1985。「論漢人社會的家戶與家族」，〈中央研究院民族學研究所集刊〉，59:123-129。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1991。「中國人的「家」（Jia）制度與現代化」，《中國家庭及其變遷》，頁9-14。香港：香港中文大學社會科學院暨香港亞太研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王德睦、陳寬政。1988。「現代化、人口轉型、與家戶組成：一個社會變遷理論之驗證」，楊國樞、瞿海源主編，《變遷中的臺灣社會》，頁45-59。 臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1996。「臺灣地區家戶組成之推計」，〈臺灣社會學刊〉，19:9-33。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臺灣中華書局辭海編委會。1985。最新增訂本辭海。台北：臺灣中華。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 伊慶春。1985。「臺灣地區不同家庭型態的偏好及其含意」。〈國立臺灣大學社會學刊〉17:1-14。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1991。「家庭問題」。楊國樞、葉啟政主編，《臺灣的社會問題》，頁223-258。台北：巨流出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院戶口普查處。1982。中華民國六十九年台閩地區戶口及住宅普查報告」。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院衛生署國民健康局。2004。「國人對婚姻與生育態度調查」。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美玲。1986。「夫妻年齡及教育程度差異對生育控制的影響」，〈人口學刊〉，9:61-78。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1990。「臺灣地區婦女的生育步調與生育轉型」，〈人口學刊〉，13:145-166。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1994。「二十世紀以來臺灣人口婚姻狀況的變遷。〈人口學刊〉，16:1-15。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林宇璇、劉怡妏、林惠生。2004。「臺灣婦女生育態度與行為及其轉變」，〈行政院衛生署國民健康局研究簡訊〉http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/people/。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林勝義。1994。「臺灣家庭的結構變遷與轉型需求」，〈社區發展季刊〉，68:41-44。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林惠生。1994。「從臺灣的社會經濟變遷、人口轉型探討婚姻與家庭的變遷」，〈研考雙月刊〉，18(6):12-17。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫得雄。1991。「社會變遷中的中國家庭」，《中國家庭及其變遷》，頁33-52。香港：香港中文大學社會科學院暨香港亞太研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1997。「臺灣人口研究的回顧與前瞻」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁1-8。台北：中華民國人口學會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐良熙、林忠正。1989。「家庭結構及社會變遷的再研究」，伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編，《臺灣社會現象的分析：家庭、人口、政策與階層》，頁25-55。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 涂肇慶。1986。「人口變遷與社會制度的關係」，〈人口學刊〉，9:25-34。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1987。「臺灣地區生育率與死亡率對親屬數量的影響」，〈九州學刊〉，4:77-96。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1990。人口學--觀念與研究課題導論。台北：桂冠。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 涂肇慶、陳寬政。1989。「臺灣地區人口變遷對社會安全制度的影響」，〈中國社會學刊〉，13:169-190。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張明正。1991。「Fertility Transition and Shifting Attitudes Toward Intergenerational Support-the Case of Taiwan」，〈農業經濟半年刊〉，49:57-80。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1997。「臺灣地區生育轉型後之人口問題及其對策」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁9-13。台北：中華民國人口學會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張明正、李美慧。2001。「臺灣地區人口轉型後之生育趨勢與展望」，〈人口學刊〉，23:93-112。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許慎。1961。說文解字。台北：世界。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳宇嘉、陳寬政。 1983。「老人問題與家庭制度」，〈社會福利〉，20:73-89。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳妙盡、王德睦與莊義利。1997。「臺灣地區老人健康狀況與居住安排」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁325-358。台北：中華民國人口學會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳其南。1985。「房與傳統中國家族制度--兼論西方人類學的中國家族研究」，〈漢學研究〉，3:1:127-183。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳信木。2004。《臺灣地區客家婦女之生育史時間模式變遷比較分析》。台北。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳紹馨。1979。《臺灣的人口變遷與社會變遷》。台北：聯經。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳肇男。1993。「臺灣地區鰥寡老人之居住安排」，〈中國社會學刊〉，17:16379。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳寬政。1985。「人口轉型的形式動態」，〈人口學刊〉，8:1-24。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1995。「臺灣地區的人口變遷與社會安全」，〈 社區發展季刊〉，17:98-115。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳寬政、王德睦。1988。「現代化人口轉型與家戶組成」，楊國樞、瞿海源主編，《變遷中的臺灣社會--第一次社會變遷基本調查資料的分析，上冊》，頁45-60。台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳寬政、王德睦、陳文玲。1986。「臺灣地區人口變遷的原因與結果」，〈人口學刊〉，9:1-24。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1991。「人口問題」，楊國樞、葉啟政主編，《臺灣的社會問題》，頁155-186。台北：巨流出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳寬政、涂肇慶、林益厚。1989。「臺灣地區的家戶組成及其變遷」，伊慶春、朱瑞玲主編，《臺灣社會現象的分析：家庭、人口、政策與階層》，頁311-335。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳寬政、葉天鋒。1983。「日據時代以來臺灣地區人口年齡組成之變遷：1905-1979」，〈人口學刊〉，6:99-114。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 章英華。1994。「臺灣的家庭研究：從家戶組成到家人關係」，〈社區發展季刊〉，68:35-40。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭台臨。1990。「臺灣人口變動與國民教育發展」，〈人口學刊〉，13:21-42。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾秋美。1998。《臺灣媳婦仔的生活世界》。台北：玉山社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 費孝通。1991。「三論中國家庭結構的變動「社會變遷中的中國家庭」，《中國家庭及其變遷》，頁3-8。香港: 香港中文大學社會科學院暨香港亞太研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃俊傑。1989。「臺灣家庭型態的變遷--以新莊為例」，〈 輔仁學誌〉，21:137-211。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊靜利。1996。「生育率年齡分佈對出生數量與年齡結構影響之模擬」，〈人口學刊〉，17:135-152。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —。1999。「老年人的居住安排--子女數量與同居傾向因素之探討」，〈人口學刊〉，20:167-183。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊靜利、涂肇慶與陳寬政。1997。「臺灣地區人口轉型與人口老化速度之探討」，孫得雄、齊力與李美玲主編，《人口老化與老年照護》，頁15-38。台北：中華民國人口學會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊靜利、曾毅。2000。「臺灣的家戶推計」，〈 臺灣社會學刊〉，24:239-279。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊靜利、劉一龍。2002。「臺灣的家庭生活歷程」，〈 臺灣社會學刊〉，27:77-105。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 經建會人力規劃小組。2004。《中華民國臺灣民國93年至140年人口推計》。行政院經濟建設委員會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臺灣省行政長官公署統計室。1946。《臺灣省五十一年來（民國前十七年至民國三十四年）統計提要》，臺北：臺灣省行政長官公署統計室，臺灣省政府主計處民83年重印。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡宏進。1981。「臺灣社會經濟發展對人口變遷影響」，〈臺灣銀行季刊〉，32（4）:188-212。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡宏進、廖正宏。1987。《人口學》。台北：巨流圖書公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 賴澤涵、陳寬政。 1980。 「我國「家庭」的研究」，〈中國論壇〉，12(1):46-51。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝高橋。1980。《家戶組成、結構與生育》。台北：國立政治大學民族社會學系人口調查研究室。zh_TW