學術產出-學位論文

題名 台灣農地管理誘因機制之研究
A Study on the Incentive Mechanism of Farmland Management in Taiwan
作者 周以倫
Chou, Yi Lun
貢獻者 顏愛靜
Yen, Ai Ching
周以倫
Chou, Yi Lun
關鍵詞 農地管理
誘因機制
公共財
外部性
Farmland Management
Incentive Mechanism
Public Goods
Externality
日期 2006
上傳時間 18-九月-2009 16:29:56 (UTC+8)
摘要 市場失靈往往是政府介入干預的主要理由,一般常見的干預方法為正向的誘因激勵與負向的懲罰手段。就農地而言,因其所能提供的生態或環境的功能係屬公共財性質,具有無排他性、無敵對性、聯合消費的性質,市場上缺乏私人主動提供農地環境效益的經濟誘因,使得政府基於全民福祉之理由而介入農地保護,以提升外部效益。又為防患於未然,乃訂定管制規則予以規範違規使用行為,以降低外部成本。台灣的農地管理兼採補貼給付、賦稅減免與使用管制之政策措施,其實施經年究竟有無缺失?如何加以改進?適逢台灣主管當局刻正研擬國土計畫法(草案)且需要檢視之際,益發突顯本文研究此課題之重要性。
新古典經濟學者主張以課稅的方式消弭外部成本、以給予補貼的方式鼓勵外部效益的產生;新制度經濟學者主張透過界定財產權,經由利害關係人協商,最後達到社會整體最適生產水準,兩者各有所長,於實際適用時尚須截長補短綜合考量。本文從上述理論基礎切入,採用文獻分析法與焦點人物訪談法來檢討現行農地管理機制不足之處。基於損益均衡的補貼理念,我們意圖將正向誘因、使用市場機制引進農地管理機制中,並改進以往偏重於農地違規使用負向處罰的管理方式,以期健全農地管理,落實農業永續發展目標。

關鍵字:農地管理、誘因機制、公共財、外部性
Market failure is often the main reason of government intervention. Generally, intervention methods always include positive incentive measures and passive punishment means. From viewpoint of farmland, it serves as biological and environmental functions with the character of public goods, which possesses features of non-exclusion, non-rival and jointly-consume. However, there is lack of economic incentives to provide environmental benefits of farmland by private market, government intervene shall be needed in farmland protection on basis of entire people welfare. Besides, the land use control regulations shall be stipulated to reduce external cost. In Taiwan, incentive programs include incentive payments, tax exemption or reduction and land use control mechanism. Do these programs manipulate efficiently? If not, how to improve them in the future? Discussion of these issues shall play an important role while the draft of National Territory Planning Act is drawn up by the Planning Authority and more examinations are necessary in Taiwan.
Neoclassical economists suggest that external costs can be prevented by taxation, and external benefits shall be encouraged by offering subsidy. Neo-institutional economists argue that the problem can be solved through defining property rights, and stakeholders shall negotiate with one another to achieve optimum of social production. This article bases on exploring those theories and takes positive and negative factors into account in practice. The main research methods are literature review and focal person interview to investigate insufficiency of current incentive mechanism in farmland management. Based on concept of benefit-cost equilibrium, we intend to provide positive incentives, and include market approach into incentive mechanism of farmland management and improve passive way of punishing illegal farmland use. Through formulation of these incentive tools, farmland management mechanism shall be established soundly so as to achieve the goals of agricultural sustainable development.

Keywords:Farmland Management, Incentive Mechanism, Public Goods, Externality
參考文獻 中文部分
1.王俊豪、周夢嫻(2006),「農業多功能性的影響評估—歐洲農業模式評估計畫」,主要國家農業政策法規與經濟動態,行政院農委會。http://www.coa.gov.tw/htmlarea_file/web_articles/6988/0906.pdf
2.王鴻愷、林子瑜、張景森(1994),「都市計畫社會面修法重點之研究—附錄篇」,台北:中華民國都市計畫學會。
3.林國慶(1991),「農業區之劃分與發展權之研究」,行政院農委會。
4.林國慶(1994),「台灣農地政策分析與政策建議」,叢經社法制論叢,第13期,頁15-40。
5.吳功顯(2000),「影響台灣農業土地利用因素之研究」,人與地雜誌,第199期,頁14-33。
6.吳清輝(1998),「加強農地管理,落實農地農用」,人與地雜誌,第177期,頁26-34。
7.吳珮瑛、陳丁榮(2004),「因應WTO建構農業三生功能之稻作補貼新制度」,臺灣土地金融季刊,第159卷, 民93.03 頁85-115。
8.邱湧忠(1999),「農地政策變革與鄉村發展的策略探討」,農業金融論叢第42輯,頁151-177,中國農民銀行調查研究處編印。
9.陳明健(2004),「主要國家農業政策與發展趨勢之研究」,行政院農業委員會。
10.陳明燦(2003),「未來國土計畫與管理體系下農地管理機制調整方向之研究」,行政院農委會。
11.陳雅琴(2004),「美國農業政策演變的回顧與分析」,主要國家農業政策法規與經濟動態資訊之蒐集與研究,行政院農委會。
http://www.coa.gov.tw/htmlarea_file/web_articles/4851/ple9303b.pdf
12.陳錫鎮(1998),「環境污染管制策略之研究---獎懲誘因機制與賽局模型之建立」,國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文。
13.彭明輝(2006),「歐洲如何保護他們的農村與農業」, 農業推廣充電站電子期刊。
http://agrext.coa.gov.tw/epaper/08_HTML/full.htm
14.張清溪等(2004),「經濟學—理論與實務」,5版,上冊,作者發行,台北:翰蘆經銷。
15.張志銘(2001),「從農業發展條例之研修看農地政策的轉變」,人與地,第206期,頁37-53。
16.劉健哲(2001),「德國之農地重劃及其對我國之意義」,台灣土地銀行,台灣土地金融季刊第38卷第3期,頁119-135。
17.鄭蕙燕(2002),「農業生物多樣性之保育議題與解決途徑」,台灣土地金融季刊,39卷第1期,頁99-113。
18.顏愛靜(2000),「從農業發展條例修正頒行看今後的農地利用與管理」,新人新政新農業農業政策學術研討會,台灣大學農業經濟學系主辦。
19.顏愛靜(2003),「農地管理及違規使用問題之研究」,行政院農業委員會九十二年度科技研究計畫研究報告。
20.顏愛靜、賴宗裕、陳立夫(2004),「新國土計畫體系下農業用地分級分區管理機制建構之研究」,行政院農業委員會委託,中國土地經濟學會。
21.顏愛靜、陳立夫、楊國柱(2005),「新國土計畫體系下農業發展地區管理機制與配套法令之建置」,行政院農業委員會委託,中國土地經濟學會。
22.顏愛靜、楊國柱、周以倫(2007),「獎懲誘因機制應用於台灣農地管理方案之探討」,土地研究學術研討會議-城鄉治理與永續發展
23.蕭家興(2002),「國土規劃建設論文集」,台北:唐山。
24.邊泰明(2004),「土地使用規劃與財產權」,台北:詹氏書局。
外文部分
1.Blair, John P. ( 1991), “Urban & Regional Economics”, Boston: Irwin.
2.Bruno Stein (1973), “Incentive and Planning as Social Policy Tools”, ed Sten.
3.Coase, R.H. (1960), “The Problem of Social Cost”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol.3:1-44.
4.Dahlman, C.J. (1979), “The Problem of Externality”, Journal of Law and Economics, 22(1) :140-165.
5.David L. Weimer, Aidan R. Vining. (1999), “Policy analysis---Concepts and Practice” , 3th ed, Prentice Hall Inc.
6.Furubotn, E. G. and R. Richter (2005), “Institutions and Economic Theory-The Contribution of the New Institutional Economics”, 2nd., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. :106-107
7.G. Tyler Miller, Jr. (2005), “Living in the Environment---Principles, Connections, and Solutions”, chapter26 :103-106
8.Kline, J. and D. Wichelns (1998), “Measuring Heterogeneous Preferences for Preserving Farmland and Open Space,” Ecological Economics, Vol.26: 211-224.
9.Lawrence W. Libby. (1997), “Farmland Protection Policy: An Economic Perspective.” http://aftresearch.org/research/resource/publications/wp/wp97-1.html
10.Lawrence W. Libby. (2001), “Farmland as a Multi-Service Resource:Policy Trends and International Comparisons”. Paper prepared for the International Symposium on Agricultural Policies Under the New Round of WTO Agricultural Negotiations, Taipei, Taiwan, December 5-8, 2000.
http://www-agecon.ag.ohio-state.edu/programs/Swank/pdfs/tp.pdf
11.Miller. Stone D.A., (1988), “Policy Pardox and Political Reason”, HaperCollins Publishers.
12.Nicholson, W. (2005), “Microeconomic theory:basic principles and extensions ” ,9th ed,South-Western.
13.Nelson, Arthur C. (1992), “Preserving Prime Farmland in the Face of Urbanization”, Journal of the American Planning Association, pp.467-488.
14.Pigou, Arthur C. (1932), “The Economics of Welfare”, 4th ed.,London:Macmillan.
15.Piorr, A., S. Uthes, K. Müller, C. Sattler and K. Happe.(2005) , “Design of a MEA-compatible multifunctionality concept ”, Müncheberg: European Commission.
16.Reich, Charles A. (1964), “The New Property”, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 73, No. 5 (Apr.): 733-787.
17.Schmid A. Allan (1987), “Property, Power, and Public Choice—an inquiry into law and economics”, 2nd ed. New York: Praeger.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
93257007
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0932570071
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 顏愛靜zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yen, Ai Chingen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 周以倫zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Chou, Yi Lunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 周以倫zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chou, Yi Lunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-九月-2009 16:29:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-九月-2009 16:29:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-九月-2009 16:29:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0932570071en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35957-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93257007zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 市場失靈往往是政府介入干預的主要理由,一般常見的干預方法為正向的誘因激勵與負向的懲罰手段。就農地而言,因其所能提供的生態或環境的功能係屬公共財性質,具有無排他性、無敵對性、聯合消費的性質,市場上缺乏私人主動提供農地環境效益的經濟誘因,使得政府基於全民福祉之理由而介入農地保護,以提升外部效益。又為防患於未然,乃訂定管制規則予以規範違規使用行為,以降低外部成本。台灣的農地管理兼採補貼給付、賦稅減免與使用管制之政策措施,其實施經年究竟有無缺失?如何加以改進?適逢台灣主管當局刻正研擬國土計畫法(草案)且需要檢視之際,益發突顯本文研究此課題之重要性。
新古典經濟學者主張以課稅的方式消弭外部成本、以給予補貼的方式鼓勵外部效益的產生;新制度經濟學者主張透過界定財產權,經由利害關係人協商,最後達到社會整體最適生產水準,兩者各有所長,於實際適用時尚須截長補短綜合考量。本文從上述理論基礎切入,採用文獻分析法與焦點人物訪談法來檢討現行農地管理機制不足之處。基於損益均衡的補貼理念,我們意圖將正向誘因、使用市場機制引進農地管理機制中,並改進以往偏重於農地違規使用負向處罰的管理方式,以期健全農地管理,落實農業永續發展目標。

關鍵字:農地管理、誘因機制、公共財、外部性
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Market failure is often the main reason of government intervention. Generally, intervention methods always include positive incentive measures and passive punishment means. From viewpoint of farmland, it serves as biological and environmental functions with the character of public goods, which possesses features of non-exclusion, non-rival and jointly-consume. However, there is lack of economic incentives to provide environmental benefits of farmland by private market, government intervene shall be needed in farmland protection on basis of entire people welfare. Besides, the land use control regulations shall be stipulated to reduce external cost. In Taiwan, incentive programs include incentive payments, tax exemption or reduction and land use control mechanism. Do these programs manipulate efficiently? If not, how to improve them in the future? Discussion of these issues shall play an important role while the draft of National Territory Planning Act is drawn up by the Planning Authority and more examinations are necessary in Taiwan.
Neoclassical economists suggest that external costs can be prevented by taxation, and external benefits shall be encouraged by offering subsidy. Neo-institutional economists argue that the problem can be solved through defining property rights, and stakeholders shall negotiate with one another to achieve optimum of social production. This article bases on exploring those theories and takes positive and negative factors into account in practice. The main research methods are literature review and focal person interview to investigate insufficiency of current incentive mechanism in farmland management. Based on concept of benefit-cost equilibrium, we intend to provide positive incentives, and include market approach into incentive mechanism of farmland management and improve passive way of punishing illegal farmland use. Through formulation of these incentive tools, farmland management mechanism shall be established soundly so as to achieve the goals of agricultural sustainable development.

Keywords:Farmland Management, Incentive Mechanism, Public Goods, Externality
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1-1
第一節 研究動機與研究目的 1-1
第二節 研究方法、研究範圍、研究限制與名詞定義 1-5
第三節 研究流程與章節架構 1-8

第二章 農地管理誘因機制之探究途徑 2-1
第一節 農地的功能定位和功能分區 2-1
第二節 農地利用的公共財供應和外部性之關連 2-7
第三節 農地利用外部性之解決方式 2-12
第四節 農地管理誘因機制設計之建構方向 2-17

第三章 台灣農地管理誘因機制現況與問題分析 3-1
第一節 台灣農地管理誘因機制之現況 3-1
第二節 台灣農地管理誘因機制問題分析 3-11
第三節 小結 3-16

第四章 農地管理誘因策略與機制設計原則 4-1
第一節 誘因策略制訂背景因素 4-1
第二節 農業區效益評估與問卷訪談結果分析 4-10
第三節 誘因策略設計原則 4-16
第四節 小結 4-18

第五章 農地管理誘因機制之建構 5-1
第一節 農地管理正負項誘因機制之設計 5-1
第二節 誘因機制方案之檢視 5-14
第三節 小結 5-16

第六章 結論與建議 6-1
第一節 結論 6-1
第二節 建議 6-3
第三節 後續研究方向 6-6

參考文獻 參-1

附錄一:座談會訪談名單表 附-1
附錄二:座談會會議記錄 附-3
附錄三:專家學者問卷 附-20
附錄四:專家學者意見與受訪結果 附-25

【圖目錄】
圖1-1 研究流程圖 1-8
圖2-1 多功能農業聯合產出的理論架構 2-3
圖2-2 農地變更使用考量外部成本及違約成本最適數量示意圖 2-10
圖2-3 農地考量外部效益最適數量示意圖 2-11


【表目錄】
表3-1 農地管理之獎勵規定整理表 3-2
表3-2 農業發展條例有關農地使用之稅賦優惠規定表 3-4
表3-3 農業發展條例中農業用地違規使用稽查及罰則規定表 3-5
表3-4 區域計畫法中農業用地違規使用稽查及罰則規定表 3-6
表3-5 非都市土地使用管制規則農業用地違規稽查及罰則內容3-7
表3-6 其他法令對於違規使用之處理規定表 3-8

表4-1 資源使用與污染排放的經濟誘因解決方式表 4-4
表4-2 特定農業區與一般農業區劃定目的、原則與標準比較表 4-10
表4-3 專家學者深度訪談結果 4-13
表4-4 特定農業區與一般農業區外部性效益評估比較表 4-14
表4-5 農業區正負向誘因設計原則表 4-17
表5-1 特定農業區與一般農業區一般性獎懲措施表 5-4
表5-2 特定農業區與一般農業區特別獎懲措施表 5-9
表5-3 特定農業區簽訂契約維持農用之獎懲表 5-13
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0932570071en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 農地管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 誘因機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共財zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外部性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Farmland Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Incentive Mechanismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Public Goodsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Externalityen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣農地管理誘因機制之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on the Incentive Mechanism of Farmland Management in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.王俊豪、周夢嫻(2006),「農業多功能性的影響評估—歐洲農業模式評估計畫」,主要國家農業政策法規與經濟動態,行政院農委會。http://www.coa.gov.tw/htmlarea_file/web_articles/6988/0906.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.王鴻愷、林子瑜、張景森(1994),「都市計畫社會面修法重點之研究—附錄篇」,台北:中華民國都市計畫學會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.林國慶(1991),「農業區之劃分與發展權之研究」,行政院農委會。zh_TW
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