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題名 從行為及事件相關電位研究再認記憶之情緒效果
Behavioral and event-related potential studies of emotional effect on recognition memory
作者 劉子菱
Liu, Tzu Ling
貢獻者 顏乃欣
Yen, Na Shing
劉子菱
Liu, Tzu Ling
關鍵詞 情緒記憶
事件相關腦電位
國際情緒圖片系統
情緒性入碼
情緒性提取
Emotional memory
Event-Related Potential
International Affective Pictures System
Emotional encoding
Emotional retrieval
日期 2008
上傳時間 19-九月-2009 11:54:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究包含兩個實驗，分別在再認作業的學習及測驗階段呈現選自國際情緒圖片系統（IAPS）的情緒性及非情緒性圖片作為情境操弄，進而了解情緒性情境對記憶歷程中，入碼及提取階段的影響。行為資料、腦電波相關電位及情緒的生理反應指標皆收集用作分析。實驗一中，中性及負向圖片在記憶目標字出現之前呈現，藉以操弄受試者記憶入碼的情緒狀態。行為結果並未顯示情緒效果，表示入碼的情緒情境不能影響記憶的正確率。事件相關腦電位的資料亦沒有在記憶相關的效果顯現情緒圖片的影響。實驗二中，中性及負向的圖片在提取階段呈現於目標字之前，藉以影響受是者記憶提取時的情緒狀態。相似於實驗一的結果，受試者的行為表現並未受情緒圖片的影響。但在事件相關電位方面，300至500毫秒間，靠近中間前腦區的新舊效果受到情緒的影響。觀看負向圖片後，受試者記憶提取時的新舊效果消失。此結果指出記憶提取時的情緒情境可能造成提取的認知歷程的改變。
In two experiments, emotional or non-emotional pictures chosen from the IAPS (International Affective Pictures System) were presented before target words in the study phase or test phase of a recognition task to examine the effect of emotional context on memory encoding and retrieval. Behavioral data, ERP (Event-Related Potential) and physical indicators were adopted. In experiment one; neutral or negative pictures were presented before target in study phase in order to modify the emotional state of encoding. Behavioral data showed no emotional effect. Emotion of encoding context did not affect memory in accuracy. ERP data did not show a significant emotional effect on memory related components. In experiment two, pictures were presented before retrieval to modulate the emotional states during memory retrieving. Similar to experiment one, behavioral data was not affected in all indicators. ERP data in experiment two showed an emotional effect on mid-frontal old/new during 300 to 500ms that the old/new difference was eliminated when retrieved under a negative context. The result provided a possible emotional effect on response bias during retrieval.
參考文獻 Adolphs, R., Tranel D., Buchanan, T. W. (2005b). Amygdala damage impairs emotional memory for gist but not details of complex stimuli. Nat. Neurosci. 8(4), 512-18.
Anderson, A.K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(2), 258-281.
Azimian-Faridani, N. & Wilding, E.L. (2006). The influence of criterion shifts on electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1075-1086.
Banaji, M. R. & Hardin, C. (1994). Affect and memory in retrospective reports. In Schwarz, N. & Sudman, S. (Eds.), Autobiographical memory and the validity of retrospective reports, (pp. 71-86). New York: Springer-Verlag.
and accuracy: Emotion and exposure in repeated autobiographical recall. Applied cognitive psychology, 15(2), 145-158.
Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., and Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1(3), 276-298.
Brown R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99.
Cahill L.,Prins, B., Weber, M., and McGaugh, J. L. (1994). β-Adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events. Nature, 371, 702-704.
Coan, J. A & Allen J. J. B. (2007) Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment. Oxford University Press US.
Cooper, R. M., & Langton, S. R. H. (2006). Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1321–1329
It depends when you look for it
Craik FIM, Govoni R, Naveh-Benjamin M, Anderson ND. (1996). The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 125:159–80
Curran, T. (2000). Brain potentials of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition, 28, 923-938.
Curran, T. (2004). Effects of attention and confidence on the hypothesized ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1088-1106.
Cuthbert B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., and Lang, P. J. (2000). Brain potentials in affective picture processing: covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biological Psychology, 52, 95-111.
Dolcos, F., & Cabeza, R. (2002). Event-related potentials of emotional memory: encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. 2(3), 252-263.
Düzel, E., Vargha-Khadem, F., Heinze, H. J., and Mishkin, M. (2001). Brain activity evidence for recognition without recollection after early hippocampal damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 3; 98(14): 8101–8106.
Erk, S., Martin, S., & Walter, H. (2005). Emotional context during encoding of neutral items modulates brain activation not only during encoding but also during recognition. Neuroimage, 26, 829-838.
Friedman, D., & Johnson, R. (2000). Even-related potential (ERP) studies of memory encoding and retrieval: a selective review. Microscopy Research and Technique. 51, 6-28.
Goddard, G. V. (1964). Amygdaloid stimulation and learning in the rat. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology. 58, 23-30.
Johnson R. Jr. (1992) Event-related brain potentials. In: Litvan I, Agid Y, (Eds.). Progressive supranuclear palsy: clinical and research approaches. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.122–154.
Johnson R. Jr., Kreiter K, Russo B, Zhu J. 1998a. A spatio-temporal analysis of recognition-related event-related brain potentials. Int J Psychophysiology 29, 83–104.
Kensiger E.A. & Corkin A. (2003). Memory enhancement for emotional words: are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Memory & Cognition, 31(8), 1169-1180.
LaBar, K. S. & Cabeza, R. (2006). Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory. Nature Neuroscience Reviews, 7, 54-64.
Liang, K. C., & McGaugh, J. L. (1983). Lesions of the stria terminalis attenuate the enhancing effect of post-training epinephrine on retention of an inhibitor avoidance response. Behavioural Brain Research. 9, 49-58.
Loftus, E.F. (1979). Eyewitness testimony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Maratos E.J., Allen, K., & Rugg, M.D. (2000). Recognition memory for emotionally negative and neutral words: an ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 38, 1452-1465.
Maratos, E.J., & Rugg, M.D. (2001). Electrophysiological correlates of the retrieval of emotional and non-emotional context. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(7), 877-891.
Mathews, A.M. and MacLeod, C., (1994). Cognitive approaches to emotion and emotional disorders, Annual Review of Psychology. 45, pp. 25–50.
McCloskey, M., Wible, C.G., Cohen, N.J. (1988). Is there a special flashbulb-memory mechanism? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 171-181.
McGaugh JL. 2000. Memory—a century of consolidation. Science 287:248–51
McGaugh, J. L. (2004). The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 1-28.
Medford N, Phillips ML, Brierley B, Brammer M, Bullmore ET, David AS (2005) Emotional memory: separating content and context. Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging 138: 247-258
Mogg K., Bradley B. P., Dixon C., Fisher S., Twelftree H., & McWilliams A. (2000). Trait anxiety, defensiveness and selective processing of threat: an investigation using two measures of attentional bias. Personality and Individual Differences. 28, 1063-1077.
Ochsner, K.N. (2000). Are affective events richly recollected or simply familiar? The experience and process of recognizing feelings past. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 242-261.
Öhman, A., Flykt, A., & Esteves, F. (2001). Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 466-478.
Park, J. & Banaji, M. R. (2000). Mood and heuristics: the influence of happy and sad states on sensitivity and bias in stereotyping Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 6, 1005-1023.
Phelps E. A. (2006). Emotion and cognition: insights from studies of the human amygdala. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 27-53.
Raymond JE, Shapiro KL, Arnell KM. 1992. Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: an attentional blink? J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform. 18:849–60
Rugg M. D, Schloerscheidt A. M., and Mark R. E. (1998). An electrophysiological comparison of two indices of recollection. Journal of Memory and Language, 39(1), 47-69
Sanquist, T. F., Fohrbaugh, J. W., Syndulko, K., and Lindsley, D. B. (1980). Electrocortical signs of levels of processing: perceptual analysis and recognition memory. Psychophysiology, 17, 568-576.
Senkfor AJ, Van Petten CV. (1998). Who said what: an event-relate potential investigation of source and item memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 1005–1025.
Smith, A. P. R., Dolan, R. J., and Rugg, M. D. (2004). Event-related potential correlates of the retrieval of emotional and non-emotional context. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 16:5, 760-775.
Snodgrass J. G., Corwin J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 34-50.
Storbeck J., Clore G.L. (2005). With sadness comes accuracy; with happiness, false memory: Mood and the false memory effect. Psychological Science, 16, 10, 785-791.
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Vilberg, K.L., & Rugg, M.D. (2008). Memory retrieval and the parietal cortex: a review of evidence from a dual-process perspective. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1787-99.
Wilidng E. L. (1999). Separating retrieval strategies from retrieval success: an event-related potential study of source memory. Neuropsychologia, 37, 441-454.
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Windmann, S., & Kutas, M. (2001). Electrophysiological correlates of emotion-induced recognition bias. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 13, 5, 577-592.
Windmann, S., Urbach, T. P., and Kutas, M.. (2002). Cognitive and neural mechanisms of decision biases in recognition memory. Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 12, No. 8, 808-817.
Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: a review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language. 46, 441-517.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
93752008
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093752008
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 顏乃欣zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yen, Na Shingen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉子菱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu, Tzu Lingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉子菱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Tzu Lingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-九月-2009 11:54:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-九月-2009 11:54:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-九月-2009 11:54:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0093752008en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37067-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93752008zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究包含兩個實驗，分別在再認作業的學習及測驗階段呈現選自國際情緒圖片系統（IAPS）的情緒性及非情緒性圖片作為情境操弄，進而了解情緒性情境對記憶歷程中，入碼及提取階段的影響。行為資料、腦電波相關電位及情緒的生理反應指標皆收集用作分析。實驗一中，中性及負向圖片在記憶目標字出現之前呈現，藉以操弄受試者記憶入碼的情緒狀態。行為結果並未顯示情緒效果，表示入碼的情緒情境不能影響記憶的正確率。事件相關腦電位的資料亦沒有在記憶相關的效果顯現情緒圖片的影響。實驗二中，中性及負向的圖片在提取階段呈現於目標字之前，藉以影響受是者記憶提取時的情緒狀態。相似於實驗一的結果，受試者的行為表現並未受情緒圖片的影響。但在事件相關電位方面，300至500毫秒間，靠近中間前腦區的新舊效果受到情緒的影響。觀看負向圖片後，受試者記憶提取時的新舊效果消失。此結果指出記憶提取時的情緒情境可能造成提取的認知歷程的改變。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In two experiments, emotional or non-emotional pictures chosen from the IAPS (International Affective Pictures System) were presented before target words in the study phase or test phase of a recognition task to examine the effect of emotional context on memory encoding and retrieval. Behavioral data, ERP (Event-Related Potential) and physical indicators were adopted. In experiment one; neutral or negative pictures were presented before target in study phase in order to modify the emotional state of encoding. Behavioral data showed no emotional effect. Emotion of encoding context did not affect memory in accuracy. ERP data did not show a significant emotional effect on memory related components. In experiment two, pictures were presented before retrieval to modulate the emotional states during memory retrieving. Similar to experiment one, behavioral data was not affected in all indicators. ERP data in experiment two showed an emotional effect on mid-frontal old/new during 300 to 500ms that the old/new difference was eliminated when retrieved under a negative context. The result provided a possible emotional effect on response bias during retrieval.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract I
List of Tables V
List of Figures V
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction of emotional memory 2
1.1.1 Emotional content and emotional context 2
1.1.2 Emotional Effect on Recognition Memory 4
1.2 Emotional effect on encoding and retrieval 8
1.2.1 Emotional effect on encoding 8
1.2.2 Emotional effect on retrieval 11
1.3 Signal Detection Theory (SDT) 12
1.3.1 Signal detection findings of emotional memory 15
1.4 Introduction of Event-Related Potential 16
1.4.1 Important Components of ERP Memory study 18
1.5 ERP studies on emotional memory 24
1.5.1 Studies of emotional content memory 24
1.5.2 Studies of emotional context memory 25
2. Experiment One 28
2.1 Introduction 28
2.1.1 Manipulation check indicators 29
2.2 Method 30
2.2.1 Subjects 30
2.2.2 Materials 31
2.2.3 Experimental design and procedure 31
2.2.4 ERP recording 33
2.3 Results 33
2.3.1 Results of Manipulation Check Indicators 33
2.3.2 Results of Behavioral Data 35
2.3.3 Results of ERP Data 36
2.4 Discussion 42
3. Experiment Two 48
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Method 49
3.2.1 Subjects 49
3.2.2 Materials 49
3.2.3 Experimental design and procedure 50
3.2.4 EEG recording and manipulation check 51
3.3 Results 51
3.3.1 Results of Manipulation Check 51
3.3.2 Behavioral Results 53
3.3.3 ERP result 54
3.4 Discussion 57
4. General discussion 63
5. Reference 66
6. Appendixes 72
6.1 Appendix I: Word list of Experiment one 72
6.2 Appendix II: Word list of Experiment two 73		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093752008en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒記憶zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 事件相關腦電位zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際情緒圖片系統zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒性入碼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒性提取zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emotional memoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Event-Related Potentialen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Affective Pictures Systemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emotional encodingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emotional retrievalen_US
dc.title (題名) 從行為及事件相關電位研究再認記憶之情緒效果zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Behavioral and event-related potential studies of emotional effect on recognition memoryen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adolphs, R., Tranel D., Buchanan, T. W. (2005b). Amygdala damage impairs emotional memory for gist but not details of complex stimuli. Nat. Neurosci. 8(4), 512-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, A.K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(2), 258-281.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Azimian-Faridani, N. & Wilding, E.L. (2006). The influence of criterion shifts on electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1075-1086.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Banaji, M. R. & Hardin, C. (1994). Affect and memory in retrospective reports. In Schwarz, N. & Sudman, S. (Eds.), Autobiographical memory and the validity of retrospective reports, (pp. 71-86). New York: Springer-Verlag.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and accuracy: Emotion and exposure in repeated autobiographical recall. Applied cognitive psychology, 15(2), 145-158.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., and Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1(3), 276-298.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cahill L.,Prins, B., Weber, M., and McGaugh, J. L. (1994). β-Adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events. Nature, 371, 702-704.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coan, J. A & Allen J. J. B. (2007) Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment. Oxford University Press US.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cooper, R. M., & Langton, S. R. H. (2006). Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1321–1329zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) It depends when you look for itzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craik FIM, Govoni R, Naveh-Benjamin M, Anderson ND. (1996). The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 125:159–80zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Curran, T. (2000). Brain potentials of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition, 28, 923-938.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Curran, T. (2004). Effects of attention and confidence on the hypothesized ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1088-1106.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cuthbert B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., and Lang, P. J. (2000). Brain potentials in affective picture processing: covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biological Psychology, 52, 95-111.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dolcos, F., & Cabeza, R. (2002). Event-related potentials of emotional memory: encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. 2(3), 252-263.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Düzel, E., Vargha-Khadem, F., Heinze, H. J., and Mishkin, M. (2001). Brain activity evidence for recognition without recollection after early hippocampal damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 3; 98(14): 8101–8106.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Erk, S., Martin, S., & Walter, H. (2005). Emotional context during encoding of neutral items modulates brain activation not only during encoding but also during recognition. Neuroimage, 26, 829-838.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Friedman, D., & Johnson, R. (2000). Even-related potential (ERP) studies of memory encoding and retrieval: a selective review. Microscopy Research and Technique. 51, 6-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goddard, G. V. (1964). Amygdaloid stimulation and learning in the rat. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology. 58, 23-30.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson R. Jr. (1992) Event-related brain potentials. In: Litvan I, Agid Y, (Eds.). Progressive supranuclear palsy: clinical and research approaches. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.122–154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson R. Jr., Kreiter K, Russo B, Zhu J. 1998a. A spatio-temporal analysis of recognition-related event-related brain potentials. Int J Psychophysiology 29, 83–104.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kensiger E.A. & Corkin A. (2003). Memory enhancement for emotional words: are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Memory & Cognition, 31(8), 1169-1180.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) LaBar, K. S. & Cabeza, R. (2006). Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory. Nature Neuroscience Reviews, 7, 54-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liang, K. C., & McGaugh, J. L. (1983). Lesions of the stria terminalis attenuate the enhancing effect of post-training epinephrine on retention of an inhibitor avoidance response. Behavioural Brain Research. 9, 49-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loftus, E.F. (1979). Eyewitness testimony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maratos E.J., Allen, K., & Rugg, M.D. (2000). Recognition memory for emotionally negative and neutral words: an ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 38, 1452-1465.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maratos, E.J., & Rugg, M.D. (2001). Electrophysiological correlates of the retrieval of emotional and non-emotional context. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(7), 877-891.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mathews, A.M. and MacLeod, C., (1994). Cognitive approaches to emotion and emotional disorders, Annual Review of Psychology. 45, pp. 25–50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCloskey, M., Wible, C.G., Cohen, N.J. (1988). Is there a special flashbulb-memory mechanism? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 171-181.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGaugh JL. 2000. Memory—a century of consolidation. Science 287:248–51zh_TW
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