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題名 空間注意力經由深度影響模稜運動知覺
The effect of spatial attention on multistable motion perception via the depth mechanism
作者 孫華君
Sun, Hua Chun
貢獻者 黃淑麗
Huang, Shwu Lih
孫華君
Sun, Hua Chun
關鍵詞 spatial attention
depth perception
multistable figure perception
binocular disparity
monocular depth cue
日期 2009
上傳時間 8-十二月-2010 11:40:22 (UTC+8)
摘要 Many studies have found that fixating or directing spatial attention to different regions can bias the perception of the Necker cube, but whether this effect of spatial attention is due to attended areas perceived as being closer have yet to be examined. This issue was directly investigated in this study. The stimulus used was the diamond stimulus, containing four occluders and four moving lines that can be perceived as coherent or separate motions. The results of Experiment 1 show that coherent motion was perceived more often under the attending-to-occluders condition than under the attending-to-moving-lines condition, indicating that spatial attention can bias multistable perception. The results of Experiment 2 show that the mean probability of reporting lines behind occluders in small binocular disparities was significantly higher under the attending-to-occluders condition than under the attending-to-lines condition, indicating that spatial attention can make attended areas look slightly closer. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 show that the effect of spatial attention on biasing multistable perception was weakened when there were binocular or monocular depth cues to define the depth relationship between the occluders and the lines. These results are all consistent with the notion that spatial attention can bias multistable perception through affecting depth perception, making attended areas look closer.
參考文獻 Anton-Erxleben, K., Henrich, C., & Treue, S. (2007). Attention changes perceived size of moving visual patterns. Journal of Vision, 7(11), 1-9.
Bisiach, E., Ricci, R., Lai, E., De Tanti, A., & Inzaghi, M. (1999). Unilateral neglect and disambiguation of the Necker cube. Brain, 122(1), 131-140.
Carrasco, M. (2006). Covert attention increases contrast sensitivity: Psychophysical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies. Progress in Brain Research, 154, 33-70.
Carrasco, M., Fuller, S., & Ling, S. (2008). Transient attention does increase perceived contrast of suprathreshold stimuli: A reply to Prinzmetal, Long, and Leonhardt (2008). Perception & Psychophysics, 70(7), 1151-1164.
Carrasco, M., Ling, S., & Read, S. (2004). Attention alters appearance. Nature Neuroscience, 7(3), 308-313.
Carrasco, M., Williams, P. E., & Yeshurun, Y. (2002). Covert attention increases spatial resolution with or without masks: Support for signal enhancement. Journal of Vision, 2(6), 467-479.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science (2nd ed.): Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fuller, S., & Carrasco, M. (2006). Exogenous attention and color perception: Performance and appearance of saturation and hue. Vision Research, 46(23), 4032-4047.
Fuller, S., Ling, S., & Carrasco, M. (2004). Attention increases perceived saturation. Journal of Vision, 4(8), 329-329.
Garcia-Perez, M. A. (1992). Eye movements and perceptual multistability. In E. Chekaluk & K. Llewellyn (Eds.), The Role of Eye Movements in Perceptual Processes (pp. 73-110): Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Gobell, J., & Carrasco, M. (2005). Attention alters the appearance of apatial frequency and gap size. Psychological Science, 16(8), 644-651.
Hopfinger, J. B., Luck, S. J., & Hillyard, S. A. (2004). Selective Attention: Electrophysiololgical and neuromagnetic studies. In M. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences III. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press.
Inui, T., Tanaka, S., Okada, T., Nishizawa, S., Katayama, M., & Konishi, J. (2000). Neural substrates for depth perception of the Necker cube; a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. Neuroscience letters, 282(3), 145-148.
Kawabata, N. (1986). Attention and depth perception. Perception, 15(5), 563-572.
Kawabata, N. (1987). Interpretive process of depth in line drawing. Systems and Computers in Japan, 18(7), 103-109.
Kawabata, N., Yamagami, K., & Noakl, M. (1978). Visual fixation points and depth perception. Vision Research, 18(7), 853-854.
Klymenko, V., & Weisstein, N. (1986). Spatial frequency differences can determine figure-ground organization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12(3), 324-330.
Kornmeier, J., & Bach, M. (2005). The Necker cube--an ambiguous figure disambiguated in early visual processing. Vision Research, 45(8), 955-960.
Kornmeier, J., Hein, C. M., & Bach, M. (2009). Multistable perception: When bottom-up and top-down coincide. Brain and Cognition, 69(1), 138-147.
Kuo, C.-F., & Huang, S.-L. (2005). The formation of stereoscopic surfaces as occluders can affect the motion interpretation. Paper presented at the Taiwanese psychology association 44th annual conference.
Leopold, D. A., & Logothetis, N. K. (1999). Multistable phenomena: changing views in perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(7), 254-264.
Ling, S., Carrasco, M., Lipson, Z., Roche, R., Little, A., & Jones, B. (2007). Transient covert attention does alter appearance: A reply to Schneider (2006). Perception and psychophysics, 69(6), 1051-1058.
Liu, T., Abrams, J., & Carrasco, M. (2009). Voluntary attention enhances contrast appearance. Psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society/APS, 20(3), 354-362.
Long, G. M., & Toppino, T. C. (2004). Enduring interest in perceptual ambiguity: Alternating views of reversible figures. Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 748-768.
Long, G. M., Toppino, T. C., & Mondin, G. (1992). Prime time: Fatigue and set effects in the perception of reversible figures. Perception and psychophysics, 52, 609-609.
Lorenceau, J., & Shiffrar, M. (1992). The influence of terminators on motion integration across space. Vision Research, 32(2), 263-273.
McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. (1999). Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4. Journal of Neuroscience, 19(1), 431-441.
McDermott, J., Weiss, Y., & Adelson, E. (2001). Beyond junctions: nonlocal form constraints on motion interpretation. Perception, 30(8), 905-924.
Meng, M., & Tong, F. (2004). Can attention selectively bias bistable perception? Differences between binocular rivalry and ambiguous figures. Journal of Vision, 4(7), 539-551.
Montagna, B., Pestilli, F., & Carrasco, M. (2009). Attention trades off spatial acuity. Vision Research, 49(7), 735-745.
Palmer, S. (1999). Vision science: Photons to phenomenology. Cambridge, MA.: MIT press
Peterson, M. A., & Gibson, B. S. (1991). Directing spatial attention within an object: Altering the functional equivalence of shape description. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Vol 17(1), Feb 1991, 170-182., 17(1), 170-182.
Pitts, M. A., Gavin, W. J., & Nerger, J. L. (2008). Early top-down influences on bistable perception revealed by event-related potentials. Brain and Cognition, 67(1), 11-24.
Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 32(3), 3-25.
Read, R., Ling, R., & Carrasco, M. (2003). Covert attention alters visual appearance. Journal of Vision, 3(9), 329-329.
Slotnick, S. D., & Yantis, S. (2005). Common neural substrates for the control and effects of visual attention and perceptual bistability. Cognitive Brain Research, 24(1), 97-108.
Suzuki, S., & Peterson, M. A. (2000). Multiplicative effects of intention on the perception of bistable apparent motion. Psychological Science, 11(3), 202-209.
Theeuwes, J. (1992). Visual selective attention: A theoretical analysis. Acta Psychologica, 83, 93-154.
Tootell, R., Hadjikhani, N., Hall, E., Marrett, S., Vanduffel, W., Vaughan, J. et al. (1998). The retinotopy of visual spatial attention. Neuron, 21, 1409-1422.
Toppino, T. C. (2003). Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control. Perception & Psychophysics, 65(8), 1285-1295.
Toppino, T. C., & Long, G. M. (1987). Selective adaptation with reversible figures: Don’t change that channel. Perception & Psychophysics, 42(1), 37-48.
Toppino, T. C., & Long, G. (2005). Top-down and bottom-up processes in the perception of reversible figures: toward a hybrid model Dynamic Cognitive Processes (pp. 37-58): Springer Tokyo.
Treue, S. (2004). Perceptual enhancement of contrast by attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(10), 435-437.
Tsal, Y., & Kolbet, L. (1985). Disambiguating ambiguous figures by selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 37(1), 25-37.
Vecera, S. P., Flevaris, A. V., & Filapek, J. C. (2003). Exogenous spatial attention influences figure-ground assignment. Journal of Vision, 3(9), 763-763.
Vecera, S. P., Flevaris, A. V., & Filapek, J. C. (2004). Exogenous spatial attention influences figure-ground assignment. Psychological Science, 15(1), 20-26.
Xu, Y., & Franconeri, S. (2010). Change of object structure as a result of shifts of spatial attention. Paper presented at the Vision Science Society 10th Annual Meeting.
Yeshurun, Y., & Carrasco, M. (1999). Spatial attention improves performance in spatial resolution tasks. Vision Research, 39(2), 293-306.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
96752002
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096752002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃淑麗zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Shwu Lihen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 孫華君zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Sun, Hua Chunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 孫華君zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Sun, Hua Chunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-十二月-2010 11:40:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-十二月-2010 11:40:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-十二月-2010 11:40:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0096752002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49445-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96752002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Many studies have found that fixating or directing spatial attention to different regions can bias the perception of the Necker cube, but whether this effect of spatial attention is due to attended areas perceived as being closer have yet to be examined. This issue was directly investigated in this study. The stimulus used was the diamond stimulus, containing four occluders and four moving lines that can be perceived as coherent or separate motions. The results of Experiment 1 show that coherent motion was perceived more often under the attending-to-occluders condition than under the attending-to-moving-lines condition, indicating that spatial attention can bias multistable perception. The results of Experiment 2 show that the mean probability of reporting lines behind occluders in small binocular disparities was significantly higher under the attending-to-occluders condition than under the attending-to-lines condition, indicating that spatial attention can make attended areas look slightly closer. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 show that the effect of spatial attention on biasing multistable perception was weakened when there were binocular or monocular depth cues to define the depth relationship between the occluders and the lines. These results are all consistent with the notion that spatial attention can bias multistable perception through affecting depth perception, making attended areas look closer.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction
1.1 Multistable Figures: Definitions, Properties, Examples, and Categories
1.2 Theoretical Accounts of Multistable Figure Perception
1.3 Effect of Fixation and Spatial Attention
1.4 Aspects of Spatial Attention that may Affect Depth Perception
1.5 Experimental Stimulus
1.6 Purpose, Questions, and Hypothesis of the Current Study
2. Experiment 1: Can Spatial Attention Bias Multistable Motion Perception?
2.1 Experiment 1a: The Relationship between Spatial Attention and Intention: Dependent or Independent Mechanisms?
2.1.1 Methods
2.1.2 Results
2.1.3 Discussion
2.2 Experiment 1b: Adding a Manipulation-Check Task to Spatial Attention
2.2.1 Methods
2.2.2 Results
2.2.3 Discussion
3. Experiment 2: The Effect of Attention: Can Spatial Attention Alter Perceived Depth?
3.1 Methods
3.2 Results
3.3 Discussion
4. Experiment 3: Can Binocular Disparity Affect Spatial Attention?
4.1 Methods
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
5. Experiment 4: Can Monocular Depth Cues Block the Effect of Spatial Attention?
5.1 Methods
5.2 Results
5.3 Discussion
6. General Discussion
7. References
8. Acknowledgment		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 704164 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096752002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) spatial attentionzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) depth perceptionzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) multistable figure perceptionzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) binocular disparityzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) monocular depth cuezh_TW
dc.title (題名) 空間注意力經由深度影響模稜運動知覺zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effect of spatial attention on multistable motion perception via the depth mechanismen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anton-Erxleben, K., Henrich, C., & Treue, S. (2007). Attention changes perceived size of moving visual patterns. Journal of Vision, 7(11), 1-9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bisiach, E., Ricci, R., Lai, E., De Tanti, A., & Inzaghi, M. (1999). Unilateral neglect and disambiguation of the Necker cube. Brain, 122(1), 131-140.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carrasco, M. (2006). Covert attention increases contrast sensitivity: Psychophysical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies. Progress in Brain Research, 154, 33-70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carrasco, M., Fuller, S., & Ling, S. (2008). Transient attention does increase perceived contrast of suprathreshold stimuli: A reply to Prinzmetal, Long, and Leonhardt (2008). Perception & Psychophysics, 70(7), 1151-1164.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carrasco, M., Ling, S., & Read, S. (2004). Attention alters appearance. Nature Neuroscience, 7(3), 308-313.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carrasco, M., Williams, P. E., & Yeshurun, Y. (2002). Covert attention increases spatial resolution with or without masks: Support for signal enhancement. Journal of Vision, 2(6), 467-479.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science (2nd ed.): Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fuller, S., & Carrasco, M. (2006). Exogenous attention and color perception: Performance and appearance of saturation and hue. Vision Research, 46(23), 4032-4047.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fuller, S., Ling, S., & Carrasco, M. (2004). Attention increases perceived saturation. Journal of Vision, 4(8), 329-329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Garcia-Perez, M. A. (1992). Eye movements and perceptual multistability. In E. Chekaluk & K. Llewellyn (Eds.), The Role of Eye Movements in Perceptual Processes (pp. 73-110): Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gobell, J., & Carrasco, M. (2005). Attention alters the appearance of apatial frequency and gap size. Psychological Science, 16(8), 644-651.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hopfinger, J. B., Luck, S. J., & Hillyard, S. A. (2004). Selective Attention: Electrophysiololgical and neuromagnetic studies. In M. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences III. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Inui, T., Tanaka, S., Okada, T., Nishizawa, S., Katayama, M., & Konishi, J. (2000). Neural substrates for depth perception of the Necker cube; a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. Neuroscience letters, 282(3), 145-148.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kawabata, N. (1986). Attention and depth perception. Perception, 15(5), 563-572.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kawabata, N. (1987). Interpretive process of depth in line drawing. Systems and Computers in Japan, 18(7), 103-109.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kawabata, N., Yamagami, K., & Noakl, M. (1978). Visual fixation points and depth perception. Vision Research, 18(7), 853-854.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klymenko, V., & Weisstein, N. (1986). Spatial frequency differences can determine figure-ground organization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12(3), 324-330.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kornmeier, J., & Bach, M. (2005). The Necker cube--an ambiguous figure disambiguated in early visual processing. Vision Research, 45(8), 955-960.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kornmeier, J., Hein, C. M., & Bach, M. (2009). Multistable perception: When bottom-up and top-down coincide. Brain and Cognition, 69(1), 138-147.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kuo, C.-F., & Huang, S.-L. (2005). The formation of stereoscopic surfaces as occluders can affect the motion interpretation. Paper presented at the Taiwanese psychology association 44th annual conference.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leopold, D. A., & Logothetis, N. K. (1999). Multistable phenomena: changing views in perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(7), 254-264.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ling, S., Carrasco, M., Lipson, Z., Roche, R., Little, A., & Jones, B. (2007). Transient covert attention does alter appearance: A reply to Schneider (2006). Perception and psychophysics, 69(6), 1051-1058.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, T., Abrams, J., & Carrasco, M. (2009). Voluntary attention enhances contrast appearance. Psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society/APS, 20(3), 354-362.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Long, G. M., & Toppino, T. C. (2004). Enduring interest in perceptual ambiguity: Alternating views of reversible figures. Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 748-768.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Long, G. M., Toppino, T. C., & Mondin, G. (1992). Prime time: Fatigue and set effects in the perception of reversible figures. Perception and psychophysics, 52, 609-609.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lorenceau, J., & Shiffrar, M. (1992). The influence of terminators on motion integration across space. Vision Research, 32(2), 263-273.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. (1999). Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4. Journal of Neuroscience, 19(1), 431-441.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McDermott, J., Weiss, Y., & Adelson, E. (2001). Beyond junctions: nonlocal form constraints on motion interpretation. Perception, 30(8), 905-924.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Meng, M., & Tong, F. (2004). Can attention selectively bias bistable perception? Differences between binocular rivalry and ambiguous figures. Journal of Vision, 4(7), 539-551.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Montagna, B., Pestilli, F., & Carrasco, M. (2009). Attention trades off spatial acuity. Vision Research, 49(7), 735-745.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Palmer, S. (1999). Vision science: Photons to phenomenology. Cambridge, MA.: MIT presszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Peterson, M. A., & Gibson, B. S. (1991). Directing spatial attention within an object: Altering the functional equivalence of shape description. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Vol 17(1), Feb 1991, 170-182., 17(1), 170-182.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pitts, M. A., Gavin, W. J., & Nerger, J. L. (2008). Early top-down influences on bistable perception revealed by event-related potentials. Brain and Cognition, 67(1), 11-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 32(3), 3-25.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Read, R., Ling, R., & Carrasco, M. (2003). Covert attention alters visual appearance. Journal of Vision, 3(9), 329-329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Slotnick, S. D., & Yantis, S. (2005). Common neural substrates for the control and effects of visual attention and perceptual bistability. Cognitive Brain Research, 24(1), 97-108.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Suzuki, S., & Peterson, M. A. (2000). Multiplicative effects of intention on the perception of bistable apparent motion. Psychological Science, 11(3), 202-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Theeuwes, J. (1992). Visual selective attention: A theoretical analysis. Acta Psychologica, 83, 93-154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tootell, R., Hadjikhani, N., Hall, E., Marrett, S., Vanduffel, W., Vaughan, J. et al. (1998). The retinotopy of visual spatial attention. Neuron, 21, 1409-1422.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Toppino, T. C. (2003). Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control. Perception & Psychophysics, 65(8), 1285-1295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Toppino, T. C., & Long, G. M. (1987). Selective adaptation with reversible figures: Don’t change that channel. Perception & Psychophysics, 42(1), 37-48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Toppino, T. C., & Long, G. (2005). Top-down and bottom-up processes in the perception of reversible figures: toward a hybrid model Dynamic Cognitive Processes (pp. 37-58): Springer Tokyo.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Treue, S. (2004). Perceptual enhancement of contrast by attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(10), 435-437.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tsal, Y., & Kolbet, L. (1985). Disambiguating ambiguous figures by selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 37(1), 25-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vecera, S. P., Flevaris, A. V., & Filapek, J. C. (2003). Exogenous spatial attention influences figure-ground assignment. Journal of Vision, 3(9), 763-763.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vecera, S. P., Flevaris, A. V., & Filapek, J. C. (2004). Exogenous spatial attention influences figure-ground assignment. Psychological Science, 15(1), 20-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Xu, Y., & Franconeri, S. (2010). Change of object structure as a result of shifts of spatial attention. Paper presented at the Vision Science Society 10th Annual Meeting.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yeshurun, Y., & Carrasco, M. (1999). Spatial attention improves performance in spatial resolution tasks. Vision Research, 39(2), 293-306.zh_TW