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題名 線上審議民主的要件與實踐
The condition and practice of online deliberative democracy
作者 施盈廷
Shih,YingTing
貢獻者 方念萱
施盈廷
Shih,YingTing
關鍵詞 網際網路
審議民主
維基
辯論百科
internet
deliberative democracy
wiki
Debatepedia
日期 2009
上傳時間 8-十二月-2010 12:56:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 　　本文從理論的基礎出發，試圖要反駁當下審議民主實踐，忽略了審議民主所「應該」強調的，並不是將審議民主視為是取得決策的一種工具或方法，而是必須將審議民主視為是一套有別於自由民主的思想。審議民主「應該」關注的，不是決策的正當性，而是如何深化民主。為此，本文回頭去找尋審議民主被提出的起點，並重新描繪審議民主轉向的核心價值是深化民主，而不是作出決策。這迫使理論必須從重新思考，如何從藉由「審議」取得決策正當性，往深化民主的方向移動，而且也同時讓審議民主理論所觸及的範圍，從「審議」形式的決策本身，擴及到一個完整不間斷的民主過程。
　　一旦確認審議民主是「深化民主」的「過程」，那麼充當實踐的配套措施（即本文所稱的「中介畛域」的適當運作），也應該由此理論基礎所引導。為此，本文從深化民主過程所需的理論概念中，推導出可進一步落實中介畛域的實踐要件，分別是開放性、連貫性、互為主體性和累積性。另一方面，為了防堵民主實踐上可能出現的困境，所以也針對「網路的巴爾幹化」、「論述失敗」與「易受主流意識操弄」三個困境，提出相對應的「有效性」、「簡易性」及「動態的脈絡化」三個要件。事實上，本文所提的七個要件，「共同」構成了本文所理解的審議民主在實踐時，其「理論」面向上所應具備的內涵，這些內涵非專屬於本文所檢視的辯論百科，而是適用於各種形式的審議民主程序。
　　最後，本文更進一步將上述七個要件細分成十四個細項。這十四個細項是試圖對應理論所指引的七個要件，並進而回應理論上所要求的「深化民主過程」的核心價值。或者說，這些細項可被當成是審議民主實踐機制設置上的最基本要求，雖然確保這十四個細項的審議民主實踐機制，無法保證最後的結果一定能達到理想境界，但我們至少可以相信，依循這些細項的機制，是試圖往深化民主──而不是取得決策正當性──的方向前進。當然，這十四個細項不是為了窮盡可能性或成為標準答案，而是在筆者能力範圍內所能提出的具體檢視方式，而提出這些具體的檢視方式，也分別有著實踐與理論上的各別意涵。
　　在實踐上，這十四個細項的提出是為了要指出，審議民主「理論」不應該一直停留在理論的層次，我們探索審議民主理論的最終目的之一，就是要實踐它，因此，從實踐層次來進行探究，並指出可能的實踐方式確有其必要性。另一方面，從理論上來看，本文所提的檢視細項不僅是為了要提供未來研究參考，更重要的是，這種實踐層次的闡明是為了凸顯出，未來的審議民主理論必須在理論與實踐之間找到明確的連結。換言之，應如何在實務的層次上施作審議民主是重要的，讓施作結果得以對理論進行回饋與修正也是重要的，但唯有理論與實踐之間能夠不斷地互相進行補充、修正，審議民主理論才有可能為民主作出真正貢獻，而本文正是試圖經由審議民主，與已被實作的辯論百科，為這種連結作出描繪。
This paper tries to illustrate that deliberative democracy is not a decision-making method but a kind of thoughts. The core element of deliberative democracy is not about the legitimacy of policies but the process of deepening democracy. It means that deliberative democracy theory should widen its possible contribution from only a decision-making method to a complete process of deepening democracy.
When we regard deliberative democracy as a process, then we should develop accompanying measures (so-called “intermediate realm” in this paper) for the real-life practice. For achieving this purpose, this paper infers four elements, that is, openness, coherence, inter-subjectiveness and cumulativeness, from theoretical foundations on the one side. For avoiding three another predicaments of democratic practice, that is , cyberbalkanization, discourse failure and the dominating ideology, this paper also proposes three accompanying elements, that is, effectiveness, simpleness and dynamic contextualization on the other hand. All these seven elements, applying to all kinds of deliberative democracy practice apart from Debatepedia which we take as an example in this paper, constitute the content of intermediate realm for deliberative democracy practice.
This paper in a further step divides these seven elements into fourteen items in order to respond to the core value of deliberative democracy, i.e. deepening democracy. In other words, these items are the basic requirement for real-life deliberative democracy practice. These fourteen items have no intention to include all possibilities of democratic practice but merely to provide some concrete examination methods in my sphere. These examination methods have their practical and theoretical meaning at the same time.
In practice, these fourteen items means deliberative democracy theory should not stay as a theory is. If democracy theory is an ideal for our better life, we then should realize it and, that is more important, develop some methods to realize it. In terms of theory, this paper reveals the close relationship between deliberative democracy theory and its practice. That means it is important to know how to realize deliberative democracy, it is also important to know how to improve democracy theory. But these two situations can only be done when we can find a valid connection between them. This paper takes Debatepedia as an example to describe how this kind of connection could be possible.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
90451505
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0904515051
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 方念萱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 施盈廷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Shih,YingTingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 施盈廷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Shih,YingTingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-十二月-2010 12:56:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-十二月-2010 12:56:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-十二月-2010 12:56:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0904515051en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49518-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90451505zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 　　本文從理論的基礎出發，試圖要反駁當下審議民主實踐，忽略了審議民主所「應該」強調的，並不是將審議民主視為是取得決策的一種工具或方法，而是必須將審議民主視為是一套有別於自由民主的思想。審議民主「應該」關注的，不是決策的正當性，而是如何深化民主。為此，本文回頭去找尋審議民主被提出的起點，並重新描繪審議民主轉向的核心價值是深化民主，而不是作出決策。這迫使理論必須從重新思考，如何從藉由「審議」取得決策正當性，往深化民主的方向移動，而且也同時讓審議民主理論所觸及的範圍，從「審議」形式的決策本身，擴及到一個完整不間斷的民主過程。
　　一旦確認審議民主是「深化民主」的「過程」，那麼充當實踐的配套措施（即本文所稱的「中介畛域」的適當運作），也應該由此理論基礎所引導。為此，本文從深化民主過程所需的理論概念中，推導出可進一步落實中介畛域的實踐要件，分別是開放性、連貫性、互為主體性和累積性。另一方面，為了防堵民主實踐上可能出現的困境，所以也針對「網路的巴爾幹化」、「論述失敗」與「易受主流意識操弄」三個困境，提出相對應的「有效性」、「簡易性」及「動態的脈絡化」三個要件。事實上，本文所提的七個要件，「共同」構成了本文所理解的審議民主在實踐時，其「理論」面向上所應具備的內涵，這些內涵非專屬於本文所檢視的辯論百科，而是適用於各種形式的審議民主程序。
　　最後，本文更進一步將上述七個要件細分成十四個細項。這十四個細項是試圖對應理論所指引的七個要件，並進而回應理論上所要求的「深化民主過程」的核心價值。或者說，這些細項可被當成是審議民主實踐機制設置上的最基本要求，雖然確保這十四個細項的審議民主實踐機制，無法保證最後的結果一定能達到理想境界，但我們至少可以相信，依循這些細項的機制，是試圖往深化民主──而不是取得決策正當性──的方向前進。當然，這十四個細項不是為了窮盡可能性或成為標準答案，而是在筆者能力範圍內所能提出的具體檢視方式，而提出這些具體的檢視方式，也分別有著實踐與理論上的各別意涵。
　　在實踐上，這十四個細項的提出是為了要指出，審議民主「理論」不應該一直停留在理論的層次，我們探索審議民主理論的最終目的之一，就是要實踐它，因此，從實踐層次來進行探究，並指出可能的實踐方式確有其必要性。另一方面，從理論上來看，本文所提的檢視細項不僅是為了要提供未來研究參考，更重要的是，這種實踐層次的闡明是為了凸顯出，未來的審議民主理論必須在理論與實踐之間找到明確的連結。換言之，應如何在實務的層次上施作審議民主是重要的，讓施作結果得以對理論進行回饋與修正也是重要的，但唯有理論與實踐之間能夠不斷地互相進行補充、修正，審議民主理論才有可能為民主作出真正貢獻，而本文正是試圖經由審議民主，與已被實作的辯論百科，為這種連結作出描繪。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper tries to illustrate that deliberative democracy is not a decision-making method but a kind of thoughts. The core element of deliberative democracy is not about the legitimacy of policies but the process of deepening democracy. It means that deliberative democracy theory should widen its possible contribution from only a decision-making method to a complete process of deepening democracy.
When we regard deliberative democracy as a process, then we should develop accompanying measures (so-called “intermediate realm” in this paper) for the real-life practice. For achieving this purpose, this paper infers four elements, that is, openness, coherence, inter-subjectiveness and cumulativeness, from theoretical foundations on the one side. For avoiding three another predicaments of democratic practice, that is , cyberbalkanization, discourse failure and the dominating ideology, this paper also proposes three accompanying elements, that is, effectiveness, simpleness and dynamic contextualization on the other hand. All these seven elements, applying to all kinds of deliberative democracy practice apart from Debatepedia which we take as an example in this paper, constitute the content of intermediate realm for deliberative democracy practice.
This paper in a further step divides these seven elements into fourteen items in order to respond to the core value of deliberative democracy, i.e. deepening democracy. In other words, these items are the basic requirement for real-life deliberative democracy practice. These fourteen items have no intention to include all possibilities of democratic practice but merely to provide some concrete examination methods in my sphere. These examination methods have their practical and theoretical meaning at the same time.
In practice, these fourteen items means deliberative democracy theory should not stay as a theory is. If democracy theory is an ideal for our better life, we then should realize it and, that is more important, develop some methods to realize it. In terms of theory, this paper reveals the close relationship between deliberative democracy theory and its practice. That means it is important to know how to realize deliberative democracy, it is also important to know how to improve democracy theory. But these two situations can only be done when we can find a valid connection between them. This paper takes Debatepedia as an example to describe how this kind of connection could be possible.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章、研究動機與目的-----------------------------------------------1
第一節、動機-----------------------------------------------------1
第二節、目的-----------------------------------------------------3
第三節、研究架構-------------------------------------------------7

第貳章、文獻探討-----------------------------------------------------9
第一節、審議轉向：轉錯方向？-------------------------------------9
第二節、轉向之後，遺落什麼？------------------------------------14
第三節、尋找「多元」與「共識」之間的平衡點-----------------------19
第四節、從兩種典範到三種畛域：多元、共識及中介的畛域-------------27
第五節、尋找多元與共識間的「中介畛域」---------------------------33
第六節、中介畛域的要件------------------------------------------39
第七節、中介畛域的運作方式--------------------------------------46
第八節、網路平台的特性------------------------------------------54
第九節、網路平台的弱勢：除了機會，還有困境-----------------------58
第十節、維基平台的優勢------------------------------------------70

第參章、研究方法----------------------------------------------------77
第一節、說明式個案研究法及關鍵個案的擇定------------------------77
第二節、研究案例說明--------------------------------------------78
第三節、檢視架構及要件說明--------------------------------------85

第肆章、研究結果----------------------------------------------------87
第一節、要件一：開放性------------------------------------------87
第二節、要件二：連貫性------------------------------------------91
第三節、要件三：互為主體性-------------------------------------101
第四節、要件四：累積性-----------------------------------------108
第五節、要件五：有效性-----------------------------------------112
第六節、要件六：簡易性-----------------------------------------118
第七節、要件七：動態脈絡化-------------------------------------132
第八節、小結---------------------------------------------------135

第伍章、結論與建議-------------------------------------------------137
第一節、理論上的意涵-------------------------------------------137
第一節、對機制設置上的建議-------------------------------------139
第二節、結語---------------------------------------------------146

參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------148		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2398923 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0904515051en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網際網路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 審議民主zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 維基zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 辯論百科zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) interneten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) deliberative democracyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) wikien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Debatepediaen_US
dc.title (題名) 線上審議民主的要件與實踐zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The condition and practice of online deliberative democracyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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