| dc.contributor.advisor | 司徒達賢<br>于卓民 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (作者) | 商倩鳳 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (作者) | Shang, Cian Fong | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 商倩鳳 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Shang, Cian Fong | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2009 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 8-十二月-2010 13:21:26 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 8-十二月-2010 13:21:26 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 8-十二月-2010 13:21:26 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) | G0903555041 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49538 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 博士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 企業管理研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 90355504 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 98 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 企業的成長與規模擴大，能賦予企業許多優勢與利益，故一直是企業經營者關注的重點，也是策略與組織領域的學者所關注的議題。自從Penrose（1959）的企業內生成長理論提出多餘資源（尤其是管理資源）為企業成長的機制之後，後續的策略學者大多延續這樣的觀點，假設有多餘資源之後，才能進一步追求成長，並深入探討多餘資源的特性、成長策略的特性與成長率之間的關係。然而，實務上卻發現擁有多餘資源未必能成長，而有些成功的企業反而是在資源不足之下而成長。Hamel and Prahalad（1993）即挑戰多餘資源的成長觀點，認為企業成長的動力其實是來自於經理人拉撐（stretch）其雄心與渴望水準，願意去追求既有資源與能力所無法達到的策略目標，透過善用資源而能在資源不足的情境下實踐成長，但其並未清楚說明拉撐的內涵與促進成長的機制。本研究以Hamel and Prahalad（1993）所提出的拉撐概念為基礎，探討中小企業在資源有限、甚至不足的情境之下，如何透過拉撐其既有資源基礎，而能達成企業規模的成長。由於相關文獻不足，本研究採用Eisenhardt（1989）的探索性個案研究方法，以單一事業中小企業的規模成長現象為研究情境，總共研究了七個個案，發現了規模有所成長的中小企業所採行的拉撐式策略邏輯及形成拉撐情境的因素，從實務中歸納出五大類型拉撐資源的行動內涵，並發現了拉撐資源的行動為何能形成中小企業長期之下規模的成長。因此，本研究證實了拉撐的成長機制確實存在，Hamel and Prahalad（1993）所主張的拉撐邏輯，確實能夠促進中小企業的成長，有其獨特的成長邏輯。中小企業為何經常處於拉撐的情境，主要因為資源不足、成長所造成的現象與長期採行拉撐式策略邏輯所致。而拉撐式策略邏輯為：追求較高的經營目標，因而使資源略顯不足，並在資源尚未完全到位時即著手進行，故必須透過拉撐、擠壓既有的資源基礎以彌補資源的缺口，克服困難而能掌握成長的機會，此外，為了避免風險，資源的投資採行精簡、小額與逐步的擴充，解決資源瓶頸而能使整體資源發揮更大的效用，並能穩健地擴充與成長。本研究歸納出五大類型的拉撐資源行動，包括資源突破、資源重組、資源調度、資源提取與資源精簡，皆能擠壓既有的資源基礎而達到原先難以達成的目標，能增進生產績效並提昇企業的競爭力。資源突破與資源重組即為創業者的創新活動，前者針對資源本身進行創新突破；改善或增加系統中的關鍵因子，使整個系統的功能有所突破。資源重組即是將相同的人力與實體資源重新配置，改善流程或資源使用的方法，達到創新的效果並提昇生產的績效。資源調度是刻意發展資源的多功能性與通用性，能夠彈性地調度不同資源互相支援，以因應急需或降低產能的閒置。資源提取則是延長資源的使用時間，或使既有的人力資源願意與能夠提供更多、更好的服務。最後，資源精簡意指資源的投資盡量不足額，甚至延遲投資，以降低風險，並因而設法增加資源的使用效率。為何拉撐資源的行動能使中小企業整體資源基礎得以擴充與成長？本研究發現主要是透過拉撐資源的短期與中長期效果綜合而達成。拉撐資源的短期效果為提昇既有資源的績效而能彌補資源的缺口，掌握成長的機會，因而帶來資金的挹注而能累積資本。拉撐資源的中長期效果即是短期效果的累積，包括不斷地掌握機會而持續創造出後續成長的踏腳石（亦即突破經營局面而帶來新的成長機會）；經常拉撐資源形成了獨特的、公司專屬的資源基礎與組織能力，能有效提昇公司的競爭力而增加經營的績效，進一步帶來資金的挹注；透過累積資本之後再謹慎地、精簡地擴充資源，增強資源基礎的內涵，企業內部的資源基礎因此逐步地擴充與成長。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | The growth and scale expansion of firms results in a lot of advantages and benefits for firms, therefore, it has been the focus of managerial attention and an important topic for scholars in fields of strategic management and organization theory. Most scholars follow Penrose (1959)’s internal growth theory of the firm to assume slack resources as the prerequisite of firm growth, and investigate the relationships among attributes of resources, growth strategies, and growth rates.In practice, however, firms with slack resources do not necessarily grow. Oppositely, there’re successful firms growing under resource shortage. Hamel and Prahalad (1993) had challenged the perspective of growing by slack resources and proposed that the real driver of firm growth comes from the stretching of managerial ambition and aspirations to pursue strategic goals beyond the firm’s existing resources and capabilities. Nonetheless, the authors didn’t explain clearly the contents and growth mechanisms of stretch.This study takes the view of stretch to investigate how small-and-medium-sized firms （thereafter SMEs） can achieve scale growth by stretching their limited or even infertile resource base. Due to the lack of related literature, this study adopts Eisenhardt (1989)’s explorative case study method, and choose the phenomenon of scale growth of the single-business SMEs as the research context. After investigating seven cases, this study finds the strategic discipline of stretch of SMEs, factors that result in condition of stretch, five categories of actions of resource stretching, and the relationship between resource stretching and long-term scale growth of SMEs. Hence, this study verifies that the concept of stretch proposed by Hamel and Prahalad (1993) do facilitate the scale growth of SMEs with its unique logic of growth.This study finds that SMEs are often in condition of stretch due to their insufficiencies of resources, the outcome of continued growth, and the results of running business by strategic discipline of stretch. The strategic discipline of stretch includes pursuing higher business goals by making existing resources slightly insufficient; proceeding without all resources needed so that SMEs have to stretch and squeeze the existing resource base to fill the resource gap and overcome difficulties so as to seize the opportunities for growth; and investing resources by small amount in a parsimonious way to solve the resource bottleneck so as to improve the effectiveness of the whole resource base and to make SMEs soundly expand and grow.Furthermore, this study concludes inductively with five categories of actions of resource stretching, including resource breakthrough, resource reconfiguration, resource mobilization, resource extraction, and resource parsimony, all of which can squeeze the existing resource base to achieve the unattainable goals and can improve productive performance and competitiveness of the SMEs. Resource breakthrough and resource reconfiguration are entrepreneurial activities of the entrepreneurs. The former is making innovative breakthrough to firm resources, and improving or adding critical elements in a system to make the function of the whole system upgraded. Resource reconfiguration is reconfiguring the same human and physical resources by improving the processes or methods of resource use so as to innovate and to improve productive performance. Resource mobilization is to develop the versatility and interchangeable use of resources deliberately so that all resources can be mobilized flexibly to support one another in order to response to emergent demands or to reduce the idle hours of all the resources. Resource extraction is to make longer use of resources, or to make employees willing and able to offer more and better services. Lastly, resource parsimony refers to make resource investments less than needed or even delayed, and by doing so, SMEs can reduce investment risks and are forced to raise the efficiency of their resource use.Why does resource stretching facilitate the expansion and growth of SMEs’ resource base (i.e. scale growth)? This study finds it is by the short-term and medium- and long-term effects of resource stretching. The former refers to the immediate outcomes of resource stretching, which fill the resource gap to help seize the opportunity of growth so as to obtain cash inflows for capital accumulation. The accumulation of short-term effects results in medium- and long-term effects of resource stretching, including continuously creating stepping stones for later growth by seizing opportunities; developing and accumulating distinctive and firm-specific resource base and organizational capabilities by constantly stretching resources so that SMEs improve their competitiveness and gain cash inflows; and prudently and parsimoniously expanding and enhancing resource base so that SMEs gradually expand and grow. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------1第一節 研究動機----------------------------------------1第二節 研究問題與研究目的-------------------------------5第三節 研究範圍與研究流程-------------------------------9第四節 研究內容概述------------------------------------13第二章 文獻評論----------------------------------------14第一節 Penrose（1959）的成長理論-----------------------15第二節 拉撐與善用資源的成長方式--------------------------20第三節 文獻總結與初始探索架構----------------------------30第三章 研究方法----------------------------------------34第一節 研究設計----------------------------------------34第二節 資料蒐集方法------------------------------------38第三節 資料分析方法------------------------------------47第四章 個案分析與研究發現-------------------------------49第一節 個案背景與個案分析說明----------------------------50第二節 拉撐的情境與拉撐式策略邏輯------------------------60第三節 拉撐資源的行動與結果-----------------------------79第四節 拉撐資源行動類型的描述與分析----------------------96第五節 拉撐資源行動與規模成長---------------------------134第六節 研究討論---------------------------------------154第五章 結論與建議-------------------------------------175第一節 研究結論---------------------------------------175第二節 理論貢獻與實務意涵------------------------------177第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議---------------------------187參考文獻 --------------------------------------------191附錄一 逐字稿分析範例----------------------------------197 圖目錄圖1-1 本研究的研究範圍圖---------------------------------9圖1-2 本研究的流程圖------------------------------------12圖2-1 Penrose（1959）的多餘資源成長機制圖----------------18圖2-2 拉撐、策略目標水準與資源短缺圖----------------------29圖2-3 初始探索架構圖------------------------------------31圖4-1 拉撐的情境因素、拉撐情境與拉撐資源行動間的關係圖------64圖4-2 拉撐資源行動的開放性編碼之初步分類框架圖-------------81圖4-3 拉撐資源行動的開放性編碼初步分類圖------------------82圖4-4 拉撐資源行動的短期效果與資源擴充過程圖---------------95圖4-5 拉撐資源行動的短期效果圖--------------------------150圖4-6 拉撐資源行動的中長期效果圖------------------------150圖4-7 資源之間的通用性：資源—服務的結構圖---------------158圖4-8 資源精簡拉撐行動的適用情境條件圖-------------------172 表目錄表2-1 Hamel and Prahalad的資源善用內涵列表--------------26表3-1 Eisenhardt (1989)的從個案建立理論的過程列表--------36表3-2 本研究之個案公司列表------------------------------39表3-3 個案訪談的對象與時數列表--------------------------41表3-4 個案研究品質的評量指標列表-------------------------42表3-5 個案資料的蒐集來源型式列表-------------------------46表4-1 個案公司重要的成長特徵列表-------------------------55表4-2 逐字稿分析範例：Z公司之部份訪談逐字稿列表------------57表4-3 「拉撐的情境因素」之開放性編碼與類屬分析的結果列表----63表4-4 「拉撐式策略邏輯」之構念意涵與個案證據列表------------ 75表4-5 與Hamel and Prahalad（1993）拉撐式策略邏輯之比較表---77表4-6 拉撐資源行動開放性編碼之類屬分析與範疇一列表-----------86表4-7 拉撐資源行動的開放性編碼概念與各層次的範疇列表----------89表4-8 拉撐資源行動的結果—短期效果之類屬分析列表--------------93表4-9 資源重組的要素與定義列表----------------------------101表4-10 資源提取的要素與定義列表---------------------------109表4-11 資源調度的要素與定義列表---------------------------117表4-12 資源突破的要素與定義列表---------------------------123表4-13 資源精簡的要素與定義列表---------------------------130表4-14 拉撐資源行動的五種類型列表-------------------------131表4-15 拉撐資源與規模成長之關聯性推論列表------------------139表4-16 研究發現綜合整理列表------------------------------151 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 224652 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 125511 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 979989 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0903555041 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 拉撐 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 資源短缺 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 資源基礎 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 企業規模成長 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 中小企業 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | stretch | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | resource shortage | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | resource base | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | scale growth of the firm | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | small- and medium-sized firms | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 單一事業中小企業資源拉撐與規模成長關聯性之探索 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | An exploratory study on the relationship between resource stretching and scale growth of the single-business small-and medium-sized firms | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 一、中文部份 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳向明（2002），「社會科學質的研究」，五南圖書出版，台北。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 二、英文部份 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Alvarez, S.A. and Barney, J.B. (2000), “Entrepreneurship capabilities: a resource-based view,” in G.D. Meyer and K. A, Heppard (Eds.), Entrepreneurship as Strategy: Competing on the Entrepreneurial Edge. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Autio, E., Sapienza, H.J. and Almeida, J.G. (2000), “Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth,” Academy of Management Journal, 43(5): 909-924. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bamford, C.E., Dean, T.J. and McDougall, P.P.( 2000), “An Examination of the impact of initial founding conditions and decisions upon the performance of new bank start-ups,” Journal of Business Venturing, 15:253-277. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barney, J.B. (1986a), “Strategic factor markets: expectations, luck, and business strategy,” Management Science, 32(10): 1231-1241. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barney, J.B. (1986b), “Organizational culture: can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?” Academy of Management Review, 29: 656-665. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barringer, B.R., Jones, F.F. and Lewis, P.S.(1998), “A qualitative study of the management practices of rapid-growth firms and how rapid-growth firms mitigate the managerial capacity problems,” Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 3:97-122. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barringer, B.R., Jones, F.F. and Neubaum, D.O. (2005), “A quantitative content analysis of the characteristics of rapid-growth firms and their founders,” Journal of Business Venturing, 20: 663-687. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Baum, J.A.C., Calabrese, T. and Silverman, B.S. (2000), “Don’t go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups’ performance in Canadian biotechnology,” Strategic Management Journal, 21(3): 267-294. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Baum, J.R. Locke, E.A. and Smith, K.G. (2001), “A multidimentional model of venture growth, “ Academy of Management Journal, 44(2): 292-303. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bowman, E. H. and Hurry, D (1993), “Strategy through the option lens: an integrated view of resource investments and the incremental-choice process,” Academy of Management Review, 18(4):760-782. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brush, C.G. and Chaganti, R. (1999), “Business without glamour? An analysis of resources on performance by size and age in small service and retail firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 14:233-257. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brush, C.G., Greene, P.G. and Hart, M.M. (2001), “From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base,” Academy of Management Executive, 15(1): 64-78. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Covin, J.G. Slevin, D.P. and Heeley, M.B. (2000), “Pioneers and followers: competitive tactics, environment, and firm growth,” Journal of Business Venturing, 15:175-210. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Delmar, F. and Wiklund, J. (2003), “Growth motivation and growth: Untangling causal relationships,” Academy of Management Best Conference Paper, ENT: H1-H6. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dewar, R.D. and Dutton, J.E. (1986), “The adoption of radical and incremental innovations: an empirical analysis,” Management Science, 32(11): 1422-1433. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dierickx, I. and Cool, K.（1989）, “Asset stock accumulation and the sustainability of competitive advantage,” Management Science, 35:1504-1511. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dunning, J.H. (1988), “The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions,” Journal of International Business Studies, 19:1-31. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989), “Building Theories from Case Study Research,” Academy of Management Review, 14(4),pp.532-550. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eisenhardt, K.M. and Graebner, M.E.(2007), ”Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges,” Academy of Management Reviewl, 50(1): 25-32. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ethiraj, S.K. (2007), “Allocation of inventive effort in complex product systems,” Strategic Management Journal, 28:563-584. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Galunic, D.C. and Rodan, S. (1998), “Resource recombinations in the firm: Knowledge structures and the potential for Schumpeterian innovation,” Strategic Management Journal, 19: 1193-1201. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gatignon, H., Tushman, M.L., Simith, W. and Anderson, P. (2002), “A structural approach to assessing innovation: construct development of innovation locus, type, and characteristics, “Management Science, 48(9): 1103-1122. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gilbert, B.A., McDougall, P.P. and Audretsch, D.B. (2006), “New venture growth: A review and extension,” Journal of Management, 32(6): 926-950. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Glaser, B. and Strauss, A., (1967), The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies in qualitative research, London: Wiedenfeld and Nicholson. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grant, R.M. (1996), “Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm,” Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue, 17: 109-122. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hamel, G and Prahalad, C.K. (1993), “Strategy as stretch and leverage,” Harvard Business Reiview, Mar.-Apr.: 75-84. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Henderson, R.M. and Clark, K.B. (1990), “Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 9-30. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Helfat, C.E. and Peteraf, M.A. (2003), “The dynamic resource-based view: capability lifecycles,” Strategic Management Journal, 24: 997-1010. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Herbig, P.A.(1994), The innovation matrix: culture and structure prerequisites to innovation, Westport, CT: Quorum Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kazanjian, R.K. (1988), “Relation of Dominant problems to stages of growth in technology-based new ventures, “ Academy of Management Journal, 31(2): 257-279. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1993), “Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation,” Journal of International Business Studies, 24:625-645. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1992), “Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology,” Organization Science, 3: 383-397. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kumar, M.V. S. (2009), “The relationship between product and international diversification: the effects of short-run constraints and endogeneity,” Strategic Management Journal, 30: 99-116. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lavie, D. (2006), “Capability reconfiguration: an analysis of incumbent responses to technological change,” Academy of Management Review, 31(1): 153-174. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marco, Alessandra de (2000), “Uncertainty and new venture investment: some empirical evidence from young Italian firms,” International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4: 1-16. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McDougall, P. and Robinson, R.B. (1990), “New venture strategies: an empirical identification of eight ‘archetypes’ of competitive strategies for entry,” Strategic Management Journal, 11(6):447-467. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Metais, E. (2000), “SEB Group: Building a subversive strategy,” Business Strategy Review, 11(4): 39-47. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mishina, Y. Pollock, T.G. and Porac, J.F. (2004),”Are more resources always better for growth? Resource stickiness in market and product expansion, “ Strategic Management Journal, 25: 1179-1197. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Montgomery, C.A. and Wernerfelt, B. (1988), “Diversification, Ricardian rents, and Tobin’s q,” RAND Journal of Economics, 19:623-632. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Niosi, J. (2003), “Alliances are not enough explaining rapid growth in biotechnology firms, “ Research Policy, 32: 737-750. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ozcan, P. and Eisenhardt, K.M.(2009), ”Origin of alliance portfolios: entrepreneurs, networks strategies, and firm performance,” Academy of Management Journal, 52(2): 246-279. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Penrose, E. (1959), The theory of the growth of the firm (3rd edn). Oxford University Press: Oxford. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pettus, M.L. (2001),”The resource-based view as a developmental growth process: evidence form the deregulated trucking industry, “ Academy of Management Journal, 44(4): 878-896. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rumelt, R.P. (1974), Strategy, structure and economic performance, Harvard Business School Press: Boston, MA. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sanchez, R. (1995), “Strategic flexibility in product competition,” Strategic Management Journal, 16: 135-159. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schumpeter J.A. (1934), The theory of economic development, Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Shrader, R.C. and Simon, M. (1997), “Corporate versus independent new ventures: resource, strategy, and performance differences,” Journal of Business Venturing, 12: 47-66. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Simon, H. (1975), Administrative Behavior, 3rd ed., N.Y.: MacMillam. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Singh, J.V., Tucker, D.J. and House, R.J. (1986), “Organizational legitimacy and the liability of newness,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 31: 171-193. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stevenson, H., Roberts, M. and Grousbeck, H. (1985), New Business Ventures and Entrepreneur, Homewood, IL: Irwin. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stieglitz, N. and Heine, K. (2007), “Innovations and the role of complementarities in a strategic theory of the firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 28: 1-15. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wernerfelt, B. (1984), “A resource-based view of the firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 5(2): 171-180. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003), “Aspiring for, and achieving growth: the moderating role of resources and opportunities, “Journal of Management Studies, 40(8): 1919-1941. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yin, R.K. (2003a), Case Study Research (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yin, R.K. (2003b), Application of Case Study Research (2rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yli-Renko, H. Autio, E. and Tontti, V. (2002), “Social capital, knowledge, and the international growth of technology-based new firms, “ International Business Review, 11: 279-304. | zh_TW |
