學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 中國太陽光能行業轉變–由演化經濟面解決分析
China’s energy transition to solar photovoltaic energy – an evolutionary economics approach
作者 岳龍
Navon, Eran
貢獻者 冷則剛
Leng, TseKang
岳龍
Navon, Eran
關鍵詞 中國
太陽光能
演化經濟
日期 2010
上傳時間 5-十月-2011 14:34:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 中國太陽光能行業轉變–由演化經濟面解決分析
China’s growing energy needs have turned renewable energy into a crucial factor necessary for its social stability and national security. This paper has been written with the understanding that the role renewable energy plays in the Chinese industry and market will be nothing less than critical in coming decades. Solar PV electricity is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies and is a fast growing industry. However in China there exists a huge gap between its market potential and current achievements in the field.
This thesis paper depicts the evolutionary path China is currently undergoing from a heavy reliance on fossil produced energy to a balanced energy mix by examining its solar PV industry and market. Its major argument is that as transitional processes require long term vision and planning, the potential of china’s energy transition to solar energy needs to be assessed under a set of criteria that can trace a long term development path. By using the six core elements introduced by the evolutionary economics theory, this paper presents a unique in depth analysis of China’s transitional efforts toward solar PV grid parity.
The paper has reached three major conclusions. The first and most important is that the Chinese central government seems to be making genuine efforts in promoting solar PV as one of the nation’s future energy sources. These efforts have been marked by assessing governmental legislation concerning Bounded Rationality issues and various incentive programs. The Renewable Energy Law and the Medium and Long-Term Development Plan have served as instrumental driving forces to the immature market. Local governments have shown significant commitment by providing substantial support to the PV industry as well to Co-evolutionary technologies such as inverters and batteries. Legislation has had limited success in handling Lock In issues such as connection to the national grid and real price reflection of conventional energy.
The second conclusion is that although the market is still at an early stage of its development, it relies too heavily on Selection promotions, namely direct subsidies. Recent developments in the PV market growth in China can mostly be regarded to the Golden Sun program and the BIPV program. These efforts have been an important promoter in raising global awareness to the potential of its solar sector. However this form of subsidy does not present a long term sustainable growth solution. The lack of a national Fid in Tariff scheme (despite few specific provincial schemes) and existing problems concerning projects tendering process cause an imbalance in terms of market and industry Diversity. This unbalance appears in the form of lack of Diversity in project developers, being mostly local state owned or highly affiliated with the government enterprises.
The third conclusion is that China’s government can and should give more focus on domestic Innovation. Currently the country’s national R&D investment is significantly lower than market leaders in Europe. China’s education system does not support more than several world class solar PV electricity research centers and its industry development relies on expensive imported technology and international collaboration. Most companies in the industry hold a short term development vision which affects technological Diversity, mostly in the upstream segments of polysilicon and ingot production. Lack of attention towards a diverse range of future PV and Co-evolutionary technologies limits industry development to specific sectors that have low technological barriers.
The paper concludes that while China is well positioned for further expansion of its market it still lacks in specific aspects of its transitional path. This analysis is unique as it presents not only an up to date market and industry status but also refers to their future growth potential. This paper presents a wide range of aspects that directly affect solar PV’s future development. Its true value lies within the usage of the evolutionary economics approach as a theoretical framework, which allows us to gain better understanding of how the different aspects related to the solar PV world affect each other and the fitness of this historic transition.
參考文獻 Reference books
Andrews-Speed Philip, 2004. Energy Policy and Regulation in the People’s Republic of China. (Hague: Kluwer Law Internationsl)
Richard R Nelson and Sidney G. Winter, 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press)
Shi Dan, 2010. China’s Renewable Energy Development Targets and Implementation Effect Analysis, in The Globalization of Energy: China and the European Union, pg. 204. ed. M. Parvizi Amineh and Yang Guang. (Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV)
van den Bergh Jeroen and Oosterhuis Frans, 2008. An Evolutionary-Economic Analysis of Energy Transitions, in Managing the Transition to renewable Energy: Theory and Practice from Local, Regional and Macro Perspectives. Pg. 149-173. Ed. By Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh and Frank R. Bruinsma. (Great Britain: MPG Books LTD)
Academic journal articles
Cherni A. Judith and Kentish Joanna, 2007. Renewable energy Policy and Electricity Market Reforms in China. Energy Policy, 35 (2007) pg. 3616-3629
Hubbert M. King, 1956. Nuclear energy and the Fossil Fuels, Drilling and Production Practice. (American Petroleum Institute)
Liu Jun and Wu Lei, 2010. Key Issues in China-Iran Relations. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia.) 4 (1): 40-57
Li Xing and Woodrow W Clark, 2010. Energy Concern in China’s Policy Making Calculation: From Self Reliance, Market Dependence to Green Energy. Research Center on Development and International Relations. ISSN 0904-8154
Loiter and Norberg-Bohm, 1998. Technology Policy and Renewable Energy: Public Roles in the Development of new energy Technologies. Energy Policy 27 (1999) pg. 85-97
Ma, Jinlong, 2011. On-Grid Electricity Tariffs in China: Development, Reform and Prospects. Energy Policy 39 (2011) 2633–2645
Wang Feng, Yin Haitao, Li Shoude, 2009. China’s Renewable energy Policy: Commitments and Challenges. Energy Policy 38 (2010) 1872–1878
Zha Daojiong, 2006. China’s Energy Security: Domestic and International Issues, Survival, 48 (1): 179-190 retrieved on Febuary 19, 2011. DOI: 10.1080/00396330600594322
Internet sources (company websites, blogs, news articles and online publications)
Applied Materials, company website. http://www.appliedmaterials.com/
Bloomberg Businessweek, Febuary 3rd, 2011. A Setback for China’s Solar Industry. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_07/b4215044163459.htm last visited on June 2, 2011
Bloomberg, 2011. Solar Energy Hardware Prices Plunge. http://bnef.com/PressReleases/view/155 last visited on Jun 10, 2011.
Chen, 2008. Study on the Development of Photovoltaic Industry in China Based on Niche Theory. http://www.seiofbluemountain.com/upload/product/201003/2010cygchy05a10.pdf retrieved on May 21, 2011
Chinese Academy of Science, 2009. The Feasibility Study on Developing Concentrating Solar Power in China (Abbreviated Version). Center for Clean Energy Technology: Chinese Academy of Science. http://aceii.org/EventAgendas/CSP%20in%20China_EN%20Summary.pdf retrieved on March 16, 2011
China Daily, March 3rd, 2009. China Hikes 2011 Solar power Target. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-07/03/content_8350947.htm Visited on May 7, 2011
China Daily, Febuary 16th, 2011. Grid Issue Taking wind out of Energy Plan’s Sails. http://www.china.org.cn/2011-02/16/content_21933267.htm visited on May 28, 2011
China Greentech Initiative, 2011. The China Greentech Report 2011: China’s Emergence as a Global Greentech Market Leader. Retrieved from http://www.pwc.com.au/consulting/assets/publications/Greentech-Report-Apr11.pdf on June 20, 2011
Cleanergy.org Septenber 9th, 2009. Huge Solar Power Plant in China – first solar and Chinese Government MOU. http://cleanergy.blogspot.com/2009/09/fwd-huge-solar-power-plant-in-china.html visited on May 27, 2001
CNCiC Consulting, 2011. China Sets out New Rules for Polysilicon Industry. http://www.chemconsulting.com.cn/info_detail01.asp?id=8034 last visited on June 12, 2011
Colville, Finlay, May 11th 2011. Challenges for the PV Supply China in 2011. http://www.pv-tech.org/guest_blog/challenges_for_the_pv_equipment_supply_chain_in_2011 last visited on June 17, 2011
Climate Policy Initiative, 2011. Survey of Photovoltaic Industry and Policy in Germany and China. CPI, DIW Berlin and Tsinghua university. http://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/files/attachments/112.pdf retrieved on July 10, 2011
CREIA, 2007. China Solar PV Report 2007. China Renewable Energy Industry Association, Greenpeace, European PV Industry Association, WWF
CTCREP, 2009. The Research and Proposals on Incentive Policy and Measurements of Chinese PV Market Development and the Acceleration. Consulting and Training Center for Renewable Energy Power, IEE, CAS
Development Research Center, 2002. Strategies for China’s Electricity Reform and Renewable Development. http://www.efchina.org/FReports.do?act=detail&id=29 retrieved on May 22, 2011
Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP, 2010. China’s Promotion of the Renewable Electric Power Equipment Industry: Hydro, Wind, Solar, Biomass. National Foreign Trade Council, USA http://www.nftc.org/default/Press%20Release/2010/China%20Renewable%20Energy.pdf retrieved on July 8, 2011
EIA. International energy statistics. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=2&pid=2&aid=7&cid=regions&syid=1980&eyid=2008&unit=MK last visited on April 2, 2011
Energyboom, March 30th, 2010. BP Solar Moving Manufacturing Jobs Overseas. http://www.energyboom.com/solar/bp-solar-moving-manufacturing-jobs-overseas last visited on June 28, 2011
EPIA, 2010. Unlocking the Sunbelt Potential of Photovoltaics. http://www.epia.org/fileadmin/EPIA_docs/publications/EPIA%20-%20Unlocking%20the%20Sunbelt%20Potential%20of%20Photovoltaics.pdf retrieved on May 20, 2011
EPIA, 20111. Solar Generation 6: Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Empowering the World. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/Final%20SolarGeneration%20VI%20full%20report%20lr.pdf retrieved on March 1, 2011
EPIA, 20112. Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaic Until 2015. http://www.epia.org/publications/photovoltaic-publications-global-market-outlook.html retrieved on March 3, 2011
Goossens, 2011. China Tightens Rules for Solar Polysilicon Plants, May Force consolidation. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-25/china-tightens-rules-for-solar-polysilicon-plants-may-force-consolidation.html last visited on June 10th, 2011.
Grama Sorin, 2007. A Survey of Thin-Film Solar Photovoltaic Industry & Technology. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/42359 retrieved on June 15, 2011
Green Rhino Energy, 2009. Value Chain Activity: Manufacturing Wafers. http://www.greenrhinoenergy.com/solar/industry/ind_02_wafers.php last visited on June 22nd, 2011.
Greendiary, July 20th, 2010. Shanghai’s 6.7 MW BIPV Solar System is Up and Running. http://www.greendiary.com/entry/shanghai-s-67mw-bipv-solar-system-is-up-and-running/ visited on May 28, 2011
Greentech, June 30th, 2011. Solar PV Balance-of-System Costs to Surpass Modules by 2012, According to GTM Research. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/solar-pv-balance-of-system-costs-to-surpass-modules-by-2012-according-to-gt/ last visited on June 20, 2011
Heilig Gerhard K., 2003. Rural Development or Sustainable Development in China: Is China’s Rural Development Sustainable? http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/SRD/pdf/IR-03-007.pdf retrieved on March 7, 2011
Herron, 2011. For Real this Time? http://www.photon-magazine.com/news_archiv/details.aspx?cat=News_PI&sub=asia-pacific&pub=4&parent=3123 retrieved on Jun 10, 2011 from PHOTON International: the Solar Power Magazine
icFull, March 6th, 2011. China Ranked Stock Price of Silicon Wafers. http://info.icfull.com/20113/China-ranked-stock-price-solar-silicon-wafers_50607.html last visited on June 20, 2011
IEA, International Energy Statistics. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=2&pid=2&aid=7&cid=regions&syid=1980&eyid=2008&unit=MK last visited on July 17, 2011
IEA, 20101. World Energy Outlook 2010: Executive Summery. http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/weo2010sum.pdf retrieved on March 4, 2011
IEA, 20102. PVPS Annual Report 2010. http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/annual/ar_2010.pdf retrieved on May 5, 2011.
IEA, 20103. Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy. http://www.iea.org/papers/2010/pv_roadmap.pdf retrieved on May 5, 2011
Invest Victoria, 2010. China’s Suntech Power Solar R&D Partnership with Victoria. http://www.invest.vic.gov.au/010610ChinasSuntechPowersolarRDpartnershipwithVictoria last visited on July 10, 2011
Kan Sichao, 2010. Chinese Photovoltaic Market and Industry Outlook (Part 1). East Asian Bureau of Economic Research www.eaber.org/intranet/documents/96/2348/IEE_Sichao_2010.pdf retrieved on April 2nd, 2011
LDK, company website. Last visited on July 10, 2011
Lin Jones, 2010. China’s National Subsidies Programs. https://sites.google.com/site/chinapolicyinfocus/china-s-solar-subsidy-programs/china-s-solar-industry/china-s-national-solar-subsidy-programs visited on May 28, 2011
Marigo Nicoletta, 2005. Photovoltaic Industry and Market: A Critical Review of Trends and Outlook. http://www.frankhaugwitz.info/doks/pv/2006_03_China_PV_Industry_Critical_Review_Trends_and_Outlook_Nicoletta_Mariggo.pdf retrieved from Wiley InterScience on June 10, 2011
Mayers Suasan and Yuan LY, 2007. China’s Solar Energy Industry: Polysilicon 2007-2011. http://www.altenergymag.com/emagazine.php?issue_number=07.06.01&article=china visited on May 15, 2011
New York Times, September 8th, 2009. U.S. Solar Firm Cracks Chinese Market. http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/08/china-signs-deal-with-first-solar/ last visited on July 16, 2011
New York Times, January 8th 2010. China Tries a New Track to Go Solar. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/09/business/energy-environment/09solar.html last visited on July 8, 2011
New York Times, September 8th, 2010. On Clean Energy, China Skirts Rules. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/09/business/global/09trade.html last visited on June 22, 2010
New York Times, October 15th, 2010. U.S. to Investigat China’s Clean Energy Aid. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/business/16wind.html?adxnnl=1&ref=keithbradsher&adxnnlx=1297440042-feEbx/7wzjHxSicVlI9leA last visited on June 20, 2011
New York Times, January 14th, 2011. Solar Panel Maker Moves Work to China. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/15/business/energy-environment/15solar.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=keithbradsher last visited on June 12th, 2011
NREL, 20041. Renewable Energy in china: Township Electrification Program http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35788.pdf retrieved on May 16, 2011
NREL, 20042. Renewable Energy in China: China’s Plan for Renewable Energy http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35787.pdf retrieved on May 16, 2011
OECD, 2009. China: Defining the Boundary Between the Market and the State. OECD pblishing
Osborne Mark, March 19th, 2011. LDK Solar to Expand Wafer Capacity to 4GW in 2011. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/ldk_solar_to_expand_wafer_capacity_to_4gw_in_2011 last visited on June 13, 2011
PLB, 2007. China Now no. 1 in C02 Emissions; USA in Second Position. http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/Climatechange/moreinfo/Chinanowno1inCO2emissionsUSAinsecondposition last visited on March 4, 2011
PLB, 2008. China Contributing Two Thirds to Increase in C02 Emissions. http://www.pbl.nl/en/news/pressreleases/2008/20080613ChinacontributingtwothirdstoincreaseinCO2emissions last visited on March 4, 2011
PV Magazine, 2011. First Solar and CPINE form US-China PV Partnership. http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/first-solar-and-cpine-form-us-china-pv-partnership_100002869/ last visited on July 11, 2011
PVGroup, 2009. The Golden Sun of China http://www.pvgroup.org/events/ctr_031358 visited on May 28, 2011
PVON, 2011. 863 Scheme will Help Increasing Silicon Cell Production efficiency up to 20% the Least. http://www.pvonsolar.com/news_to.asp?id=74 last visited on July 10, 2011
PVtech, July 9th, 2008. Yingli Green Secures 7 MW of Sales in Korea. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/yingli_green_secures_7mw_of_sales_in_korea last visited on June 25, 2011
PVtech, January 11th, 2010. Project Focus: eSolar, Penglai Electric to Sign Deal to Build 2GW of Solar Thermal Plants in China. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/project_focus_esolar_penglai_electric_sign_deal_to_build_2gw_of_solar_therm last visted on July 8, 2011
PVtech, September 20th, 2010. LDK Solar Teams with NREL on Silicon Research Activities. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/ldk_solar_teams_with_nrel_on_silicon_research_activities last visited on July10, 2011
PVtech, December 3rd, 2010. Yingli will Supply 70% of Golden Sun Program Projects. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/yingli_green_will_supply_70_of_gold_sun_program_projects last visited on June 23, 2011
PVtech, April 19th, 2011. Yingli Green Signs Exclusive Module Distribution Agreement with Japanese Firm. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/yingli_green_signs_exclusive_module_distribution_agreement_with_japanese_fi last visited on June 25, 2011
PVtech, June 6th, 2011. GCL-Poly teams with Goldpoly on 300 MW Wafer Plant in Quanzhou. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/gcl_poly_teams_with_goldpoly_for_need_for_300mw_wafer_plant_in_quanzhou last visited on June 20, 2011.
REDP, 2008. Report on the Development of the Photovoltaic Industry in China (2006-2007). China Renewable Energy Development Project http://www.martinot.info/REDP_China_PV_Industry_2006-2007.pdf retrieved on May 17, 2011
REN21, 2009. Recommendations for Improving the Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Policies in China. REN21 Secretariat, UNEP and GTZ http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/Publications/Recommendations_for_RE_Policies_in_China.pdf retrieved on May 16, 2011
REN21, 2010. Renewables 2010: Global Status Report. http://documents.rec.org/topic-areas/REN21_GSR_2010.pdf retrieved on March 16, 2011
Renewable Energy World, 2009. Chinese Manufacturers Eye Thin-Film PV Market. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2009/12/chinese-manufacturers-eye-thin-film-pv-market?cmpid=WNL-Wednesday-December16-2009 last visited on June 23, 2011
Renewable Energy World, 2011. Inverters Compete Over cost. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/06/for-solar-supplementinverters-compete-over-cost last visited on June 25, 2011
Renewable Energy World, January 11th, 2011. 2010 Clean Energy Investment Hits a New Record. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/01/2010-clean-energy-investment-hits-a-new-record last visited on July 18, 2011
Research and Markets, 2011. Research Report in china Polysilicon Industry – 2011-2012 http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110131006232/en/Research-Markets-Research-Report-China-Polysilicon-Industry last visited on June 5, 2011
Rigter Jasper and Vidican Georgeta, 2010. Cost and Optimal Feed in Tariff for Small Scale Photovoltaic Systems in China. Energy Policy 38 (2010) pg 6989-7000
SCTBR, July 10th 2009. Jiangsu Province in China Announced Subsidies for PV facilities. http://solar.cleantechnology-business-review.com/news/jiangsu_province_in_china_announces_subsidies_for_pv_facilities_090710 visited on May 29, 2011
Solarbuzz, May 31st, 2011. Canadian Solar and GCL Announce Wafer Manufacturing Joint-Venture. http://solarbuzz.com/industry-news/canadian-solar-and-gcl-announce-wafer-manufacturing-joint-venture last visited on June 20, 2011
Solarbuzz, June 21st, 2011. Anwell Secures Government Funding for Thin Film Manufacturing Expansion. http://solarbuzz.com/industry-news/anwell-secures-government-funding-thin-film-manufacturing-expansion last visited on July 2, 2011
Sun wind and energy, April 21st, 2011. China to Increase PV Installation Targets http://www.sunwindenergy.com/swe/content/home/details.php?id=323&rub=solarstrom visited on May 25, 2011.
Sungrow, official website. http://www.sungrowpower.com/en/ last visited on June 30, 2011
Sustainable Business, 2010. GCL Solar to Manufacture Satcon Inverters in China. http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/21131 last visited on June 25, 2011
Technology Review, April 9th, 2010. Suntech Stresses R&D. http://www.technologyreview.com/business/25016/ last visited on June 20, 2011–06–30
Tour Arnaud de la, Glachant Matthieu, Meniere Yann, 2010. Innovation and International Technology Transfer: the Case of the China Photovoltaic Industry http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/haljournl/hal-00498578.htm retrieved on April 2, 2011
UN Statistics Division. http://www.pbl.nl/en/news/pressreleases/2008/20080613ChinacontributingtwothirdstoincreaseinCO2emissions last visited on March 4, 2011
White House, official website. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/us-china-clean-energy-announcements last visited on July 11, 2011
Zhao Yuwen, Wang Sicheng, Wang Wenjing, Li Xudong, Liu Zuming, Qiu Diming, Song Shuang, Grant Ramsay, 2008. Report on the development of the Photovoltaic Industry in China (2006-2007). China Renewable Energy Project. retrieved from http://www.martinot.info/REDP_China_PV_Industry_2006-2007.pdf on March 16 2011
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
98933035
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098933035
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 冷則剛zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Leng, TseKangen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 岳龍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Navon, Eranen_US
dc.creator (作者) 岳龍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Navon, Eranen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-十月-2011 14:34:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-十月-2011 14:34:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-十月-2011 14:34:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0098933035en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51246-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98933035zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中國太陽光能行業轉變–由演化經濟面解決分析zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) China’s growing energy needs have turned renewable energy into a crucial factor necessary for its social stability and national security. This paper has been written with the understanding that the role renewable energy plays in the Chinese industry and market will be nothing less than critical in coming decades. Solar PV electricity is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies and is a fast growing industry. However in China there exists a huge gap between its market potential and current achievements in the field.
This thesis paper depicts the evolutionary path China is currently undergoing from a heavy reliance on fossil produced energy to a balanced energy mix by examining its solar PV industry and market. Its major argument is that as transitional processes require long term vision and planning, the potential of china’s energy transition to solar energy needs to be assessed under a set of criteria that can trace a long term development path. By using the six core elements introduced by the evolutionary economics theory, this paper presents a unique in depth analysis of China’s transitional efforts toward solar PV grid parity.
The paper has reached three major conclusions. The first and most important is that the Chinese central government seems to be making genuine efforts in promoting solar PV as one of the nation’s future energy sources. These efforts have been marked by assessing governmental legislation concerning Bounded Rationality issues and various incentive programs. The Renewable Energy Law and the Medium and Long-Term Development Plan have served as instrumental driving forces to the immature market. Local governments have shown significant commitment by providing substantial support to the PV industry as well to Co-evolutionary technologies such as inverters and batteries. Legislation has had limited success in handling Lock In issues such as connection to the national grid and real price reflection of conventional energy.
The second conclusion is that although the market is still at an early stage of its development, it relies too heavily on Selection promotions, namely direct subsidies. Recent developments in the PV market growth in China can mostly be regarded to the Golden Sun program and the BIPV program. These efforts have been an important promoter in raising global awareness to the potential of its solar sector. However this form of subsidy does not present a long term sustainable growth solution. The lack of a national Fid in Tariff scheme (despite few specific provincial schemes) and existing problems concerning projects tendering process cause an imbalance in terms of market and industry Diversity. This unbalance appears in the form of lack of Diversity in project developers, being mostly local state owned or highly affiliated with the government enterprises.
The third conclusion is that China’s government can and should give more focus on domestic Innovation. Currently the country’s national R&D investment is significantly lower than market leaders in Europe. China’s education system does not support more than several world class solar PV electricity research centers and its industry development relies on expensive imported technology and international collaboration. Most companies in the industry hold a short term development vision which affects technological Diversity, mostly in the upstream segments of polysilicon and ingot production. Lack of attention towards a diverse range of future PV and Co-evolutionary technologies limits industry development to specific sectors that have low technological barriers.
The paper concludes that while China is well positioned for further expansion of its market it still lacks in specific aspects of its transitional path. This analysis is unique as it presents not only an up to date market and industry status but also refers to their future growth potential. This paper presents a wide range of aspects that directly affect solar PV’s future development. Its true value lies within the usage of the evolutionary economics approach as a theoretical framework, which allows us to gain better understanding of how the different aspects related to the solar PV world affect each other and the fitness of this historic transition.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures and Tables vii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 - China’s Transition to Clean Energy 3
1.1. Energy in China’s Modern Economy 3
1.2. Transition to Renewable Energy 6
1.2.1. Energy Security and the Optimization of the Energy Mix 6
1.2.2. Environmental Concerns and Climate Change 7
1.2.3. Social and Economic Development Goals for Rural Areas 9
1.3. Introducing Solar Energy 10
1.4. Analytical Framework 12
1.4.1. Price Competitiveness of PV 12
1.4.2. PV Cost Reduction 13
1.4.3. Integration of Systems Into the Energy Markets 14
1.5. Theoretical Background – Evolutionary Economics 14
1.6. Hypothesis 18
Chapter 2 - Government Policy 20
2.1. Exogenous and Endogenous Selection Factors 20
2.2. Early Renewable Policy 21
2.3. Barriers to Renewable Energy 23
2.3.1. Institutional Barriers 23
2.3.2. Renewable Energy Cost 24
2.3.3. Connection to the Grid 25
2.4. The Renewable Energy Law 26
2.5. PV Promotion Policy 28
2.6. Feed in Tariff 30
2.7. Connection to the Grid 34
Chapter 3 - China’s Photovoltaic Industry 37
3.1. Production of Solar Grade Silicon 38
3.1.1. Early Development 38
3.1.2. Between Shortage and Oversupply 39
3.1.3. Industry Leaders 41
3.1.4. Technological barriers 41
3.2. Ingots and Wafers 42
3.2.1. Market Share and Global Trends 42
3.2.2. Industry Leaders 43
3.2.3. A Non Diverse Industry Segment 44
3.3. Cell and Module Industry 46
3.3.1. Sector Growth 46
3.3.2. Industry Leaders 47
3.3.3. Municipal Drivers Toward Industry Selection 49
3.4. Cost of the Domestic PV Modules 51
3.5. Balance of System Components 52
3.5.1. Inverters 53
3.5.2. Batteries 54
Chapter 4 – Future Technologies and R&D 56
4.1. Alternative Technologies 56
4.1.1. Thin Film 56
4.1.2. Concentrating Solar Power 58
4.2. Research and Development 60
Conclusion 64
Bibliography 69
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098933035en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 太陽光能zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 演化經濟zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 中國太陽光能行業轉變–由演化經濟面解決分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) China’s energy transition to solar photovoltaic energy – an evolutionary economics approachen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reference bookszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andrews-Speed Philip, 2004. Energy Policy and Regulation in the People’s Republic of China. (Hague: Kluwer Law Internationsl)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richard R Nelson and Sidney G. Winter, 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shi Dan, 2010. China’s Renewable Energy Development Targets and Implementation Effect Analysis, in The Globalization of Energy: China and the European Union, pg. 204. ed. M. Parvizi Amineh and Yang Guang. (Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) van den Bergh Jeroen and Oosterhuis Frans, 2008. An Evolutionary-Economic Analysis of Energy Transitions, in Managing the Transition to renewable Energy: Theory and Practice from Local, Regional and Macro Perspectives. Pg. 149-173. Ed. By Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh and Frank R. Bruinsma. (Great Britain: MPG Books LTD)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Academic journal articleszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cherni A. Judith and Kentish Joanna, 2007. Renewable energy Policy and Electricity Market Reforms in China. Energy Policy, 35 (2007) pg. 3616-3629zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hubbert M. King, 1956. Nuclear energy and the Fossil Fuels, Drilling and Production Practice. (American Petroleum Institute)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu Jun and Wu Lei, 2010. Key Issues in China-Iran Relations. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia.) 4 (1): 40-57zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li Xing and Woodrow W Clark, 2010. Energy Concern in China’s Policy Making Calculation: From Self Reliance, Market Dependence to Green Energy. Research Center on Development and International Relations. ISSN 0904-8154zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loiter and Norberg-Bohm, 1998. Technology Policy and Renewable Energy: Public Roles in the Development of new energy Technologies. Energy Policy 27 (1999) pg. 85-97zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ma, Jinlong, 2011. On-Grid Electricity Tariffs in China: Development, Reform and Prospects. Energy Policy 39 (2011) 2633–2645zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang Feng, Yin Haitao, Li Shoude, 2009. China’s Renewable energy Policy: Commitments and Challenges. Energy Policy 38 (2010) 1872–1878zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zha Daojiong, 2006. China’s Energy Security: Domestic and International Issues, Survival, 48 (1): 179-190 retrieved on Febuary 19, 2011. DOI: 10.1080/00396330600594322zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Internet sources (company websites, blogs, news articles and online publications)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Applied Materials, company website. http://www.appliedmaterials.com/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloomberg Businessweek, Febuary 3rd, 2011. A Setback for China’s Solar Industry. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_07/b4215044163459.htm last visited on June 2, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloomberg, 2011. Solar Energy Hardware Prices Plunge. http://bnef.com/PressReleases/view/155 last visited on Jun 10, 2011.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, 2008. Study on the Development of Photovoltaic Industry in China Based on Niche Theory. http://www.seiofbluemountain.com/upload/product/201003/2010cygchy05a10.pdf retrieved on May 21, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chinese Academy of Science, 2009. The Feasibility Study on Developing Concentrating Solar Power in China (Abbreviated Version). Center for Clean Energy Technology: Chinese Academy of Science. http://aceii.org/EventAgendas/CSP%20in%20China_EN%20Summary.pdf retrieved on March 16, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) China Daily, March 3rd, 2009. China Hikes 2011 Solar power Target. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-07/03/content_8350947.htm Visited on May 7, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) China Daily, Febuary 16th, 2011. Grid Issue Taking wind out of Energy Plan’s Sails. http://www.china.org.cn/2011-02/16/content_21933267.htm visited on May 28, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) China Greentech Initiative, 2011. The China Greentech Report 2011: China’s Emergence as a Global Greentech Market Leader. Retrieved from http://www.pwc.com.au/consulting/assets/publications/Greentech-Report-Apr11.pdf on June 20, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cleanergy.org Septenber 9th, 2009. Huge Solar Power Plant in China – first solar and Chinese Government MOU. http://cleanergy.blogspot.com/2009/09/fwd-huge-solar-power-plant-in-china.html visited on May 27, 2001zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) CNCiC Consulting, 2011. China Sets out New Rules for Polysilicon Industry. http://www.chemconsulting.com.cn/info_detail01.asp?id=8034 last visited on June 12, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Colville, Finlay, May 11th 2011. Challenges for the PV Supply China in 2011. http://www.pv-tech.org/guest_blog/challenges_for_the_pv_equipment_supply_chain_in_2011 last visited on June 17, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Climate Policy Initiative, 2011. Survey of Photovoltaic Industry and Policy in Germany and China. CPI, DIW Berlin and Tsinghua university. http://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/files/attachments/112.pdf retrieved on July 10, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) CREIA, 2007. China Solar PV Report 2007. China Renewable Energy Industry Association, Greenpeace, European PV Industry Association, WWFzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) CTCREP, 2009. The Research and Proposals on Incentive Policy and Measurements of Chinese PV Market Development and the Acceleration. Consulting and Training Center for Renewable Energy Power, IEE, CASzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Development Research Center, 2002. Strategies for China’s Electricity Reform and Renewable Development. http://www.efchina.org/FReports.do?act=detail&id=29 retrieved on May 22, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP, 2010. China’s Promotion of the Renewable Electric Power Equipment Industry: Hydro, Wind, Solar, Biomass. National Foreign Trade Council, USA http://www.nftc.org/default/Press%20Release/2010/China%20Renewable%20Energy.pdf retrieved on July 8, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EIA. International energy statistics. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=2&pid=2&aid=7&cid=regions&syid=1980&eyid=2008&unit=MK last visited on April 2, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Energyboom, March 30th, 2010. BP Solar Moving Manufacturing Jobs Overseas. http://www.energyboom.com/solar/bp-solar-moving-manufacturing-jobs-overseas last visited on June 28, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EPIA, 2010. Unlocking the Sunbelt Potential of Photovoltaics. http://www.epia.org/fileadmin/EPIA_docs/publications/EPIA%20-%20Unlocking%20the%20Sunbelt%20Potential%20of%20Photovoltaics.pdf retrieved on May 20, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EPIA, 20111. Solar Generation 6: Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Empowering the World. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/Final%20SolarGeneration%20VI%20full%20report%20lr.pdf retrieved on March 1, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EPIA, 20112. Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaic Until 2015. http://www.epia.org/publications/photovoltaic-publications-global-market-outlook.html retrieved on March 3, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goossens, 2011. China Tightens Rules for Solar Polysilicon Plants, May Force consolidation. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-25/china-tightens-rules-for-solar-polysilicon-plants-may-force-consolidation.html last visited on June 10th, 2011.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grama Sorin, 2007. A Survey of Thin-Film Solar Photovoltaic Industry & Technology. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/42359 retrieved on June 15, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Green Rhino Energy, 2009. Value Chain Activity: Manufacturing Wafers. http://www.greenrhinoenergy.com/solar/industry/ind_02_wafers.php last visited on June 22nd, 2011.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greendiary, July 20th, 2010. Shanghai’s 6.7 MW BIPV Solar System is Up and Running. http://www.greendiary.com/entry/shanghai-s-67mw-bipv-solar-system-is-up-and-running/ visited on May 28, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greentech, June 30th, 2011. Solar PV Balance-of-System Costs to Surpass Modules by 2012, According to GTM Research. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/solar-pv-balance-of-system-costs-to-surpass-modules-by-2012-according-to-gt/ last visited on June 20, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heilig Gerhard K., 2003. Rural Development or Sustainable Development in China: Is China’s Rural Development Sustainable? http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/SRD/pdf/IR-03-007.pdf retrieved on March 7, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Herron, 2011. For Real this Time? http://www.photon-magazine.com/news_archiv/details.aspx?cat=News_PI&sub=asia-pacific&pub=4&parent=3123 retrieved on Jun 10, 2011 from PHOTON International: the Solar Power Magazinezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) icFull, March 6th, 2011. China Ranked Stock Price of Silicon Wafers. http://info.icfull.com/20113/China-ranked-stock-price-solar-silicon-wafers_50607.html last visited on June 20, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) IEA, International Energy Statistics. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=2&pid=2&aid=7&cid=regions&syid=1980&eyid=2008&unit=MK last visited on July 17, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) IEA, 20101. World Energy Outlook 2010: Executive Summery. http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/weo2010sum.pdf retrieved on March 4, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) IEA, 20102. PVPS Annual Report 2010. http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/annual/ar_2010.pdf retrieved on May 5, 2011.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) IEA, 20103. Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy. http://www.iea.org/papers/2010/pv_roadmap.pdf retrieved on May 5, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Invest Victoria, 2010. China’s Suntech Power Solar R&D Partnership with Victoria. http://www.invest.vic.gov.au/010610ChinasSuntechPowersolarRDpartnershipwithVictoria last visited on July 10, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kan Sichao, 2010. Chinese Photovoltaic Market and Industry Outlook (Part 1). East Asian Bureau of Economic Research www.eaber.org/intranet/documents/96/2348/IEE_Sichao_2010.pdf retrieved on April 2nd, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) LDK, company website. Last visited on July 10, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lin Jones, 2010. China’s National Subsidies Programs. https://sites.google.com/site/chinapolicyinfocus/china-s-solar-subsidy-programs/china-s-solar-industry/china-s-national-solar-subsidy-programs visited on May 28, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marigo Nicoletta, 2005. Photovoltaic Industry and Market: A Critical Review of Trends and Outlook. http://www.frankhaugwitz.info/doks/pv/2006_03_China_PV_Industry_Critical_Review_Trends_and_Outlook_Nicoletta_Mariggo.pdf retrieved from Wiley InterScience on June 10, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mayers Suasan and Yuan LY, 2007. China’s Solar Energy Industry: Polysilicon 2007-2011. http://www.altenergymag.com/emagazine.php?issue_number=07.06.01&article=china visited on May 15, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) New York Times, September 8th, 2009. U.S. Solar Firm Cracks Chinese Market. http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/08/china-signs-deal-with-first-solar/ last visited on July 16, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) New York Times, January 8th 2010. China Tries a New Track to Go Solar. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/09/business/energy-environment/09solar.html last visited on July 8, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) New York Times, September 8th, 2010. On Clean Energy, China Skirts Rules. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/09/business/global/09trade.html last visited on June 22, 2010zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) New York Times, October 15th, 2010. U.S. to Investigat China’s Clean Energy Aid. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/business/16wind.html?adxnnl=1&ref=keithbradsher&adxnnlx=1297440042-feEbx/7wzjHxSicVlI9leA last visited on June 20, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) New York Times, January 14th, 2011. Solar Panel Maker Moves Work to China. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/15/business/energy-environment/15solar.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=keithbradsher last visited on June 12th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) NREL, 20041. Renewable Energy in china: Township Electrification Program http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35788.pdf retrieved on May 16, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) NREL, 20042. Renewable Energy in China: China’s Plan for Renewable Energy http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35787.pdf retrieved on May 16, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) OECD, 2009. China: Defining the Boundary Between the Market and the State. OECD pblishingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Osborne Mark, March 19th, 2011. LDK Solar to Expand Wafer Capacity to 4GW in 2011. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/ldk_solar_to_expand_wafer_capacity_to_4gw_in_2011 last visited on June 13, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PLB, 2007. China Now no. 1 in C02 Emissions; USA in Second Position. http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/Climatechange/moreinfo/Chinanowno1inCO2emissionsUSAinsecondposition last visited on March 4, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PLB, 2008. China Contributing Two Thirds to Increase in C02 Emissions. http://www.pbl.nl/en/news/pressreleases/2008/20080613ChinacontributingtwothirdstoincreaseinCO2emissions last visited on March 4, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PV Magazine, 2011. First Solar and CPINE form US-China PV Partnership. http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/first-solar-and-cpine-form-us-china-pv-partnership_100002869/ last visited on July 11, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVGroup, 2009. The Golden Sun of China http://www.pvgroup.org/events/ctr_031358 visited on May 28, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVON, 2011. 863 Scheme will Help Increasing Silicon Cell Production efficiency up to 20% the Least. http://www.pvonsolar.com/news_to.asp?id=74 last visited on July 10, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVtech, July 9th, 2008. Yingli Green Secures 7 MW of Sales in Korea. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/yingli_green_secures_7mw_of_sales_in_korea last visited on June 25, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVtech, January 11th, 2010. Project Focus: eSolar, Penglai Electric to Sign Deal to Build 2GW of Solar Thermal Plants in China. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/project_focus_esolar_penglai_electric_sign_deal_to_build_2gw_of_solar_therm last visted on July 8, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVtech, September 20th, 2010. LDK Solar Teams with NREL on Silicon Research Activities. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/ldk_solar_teams_with_nrel_on_silicon_research_activities last visited on July10, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVtech, December 3rd, 2010. Yingli will Supply 70% of Golden Sun Program Projects. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/yingli_green_will_supply_70_of_gold_sun_program_projects last visited on June 23, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVtech, April 19th, 2011. Yingli Green Signs Exclusive Module Distribution Agreement with Japanese Firm. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/yingli_green_signs_exclusive_module_distribution_agreement_with_japanese_fi last visited on June 25, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) PVtech, June 6th, 2011. GCL-Poly teams with Goldpoly on 300 MW Wafer Plant in Quanzhou. http://www.pv-tech.org/news/gcl_poly_teams_with_goldpoly_for_need_for_300mw_wafer_plant_in_quanzhou last visited on June 20, 2011.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) REDP, 2008. Report on the Development of the Photovoltaic Industry in China (2006-2007). China Renewable Energy Development Project http://www.martinot.info/REDP_China_PV_Industry_2006-2007.pdf retrieved on May 17, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) REN21, 2009. Recommendations for Improving the Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Policies in China. REN21 Secretariat, UNEP and GTZ http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/Publications/Recommendations_for_RE_Policies_in_China.pdf retrieved on May 16, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) REN21, 2010. Renewables 2010: Global Status Report. http://documents.rec.org/topic-areas/REN21_GSR_2010.pdf retrieved on March 16, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Renewable Energy World, 2009. Chinese Manufacturers Eye Thin-Film PV Market. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2009/12/chinese-manufacturers-eye-thin-film-pv-market?cmpid=WNL-Wednesday-December16-2009 last visited on June 23, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Renewable Energy World, 2011. Inverters Compete Over cost. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/06/for-solar-supplementinverters-compete-over-cost last visited on June 25, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Renewable Energy World, January 11th, 2011. 2010 Clean Energy Investment Hits a New Record. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/01/2010-clean-energy-investment-hits-a-new-record last visited on July 18, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Research and Markets, 2011. Research Report in china Polysilicon Industry – 2011-2012 http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110131006232/en/Research-Markets-Research-Report-China-Polysilicon-Industry last visited on June 5, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rigter Jasper and Vidican Georgeta, 2010. Cost and Optimal Feed in Tariff for Small Scale Photovoltaic Systems in China. Energy Policy 38 (2010) pg 6989-7000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) SCTBR, July 10th 2009. Jiangsu Province in China Announced Subsidies for PV facilities. http://solar.cleantechnology-business-review.com/news/jiangsu_province_in_china_announces_subsidies_for_pv_facilities_090710 visited on May 29, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Solarbuzz, May 31st, 2011. Canadian Solar and GCL Announce Wafer Manufacturing Joint-Venture. http://solarbuzz.com/industry-news/canadian-solar-and-gcl-announce-wafer-manufacturing-joint-venture last visited on June 20, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Solarbuzz, June 21st, 2011. Anwell Secures Government Funding for Thin Film Manufacturing Expansion. http://solarbuzz.com/industry-news/anwell-secures-government-funding-thin-film-manufacturing-expansion last visited on July 2, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sun wind and energy, April 21st, 2011. China to Increase PV Installation Targets http://www.sunwindenergy.com/swe/content/home/details.php?id=323&rub=solarstrom visited on May 25, 2011.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sungrow, official website. http://www.sungrowpower.com/en/ last visited on June 30, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sustainable Business, 2010. GCL Solar to Manufacture Satcon Inverters in China. http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/21131 last visited on June 25, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Technology Review, April 9th, 2010. Suntech Stresses R&D. http://www.technologyreview.com/business/25016/ last visited on June 20, 2011–06–30zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tour Arnaud de la, Glachant Matthieu, Meniere Yann, 2010. Innovation and International Technology Transfer: the Case of the China Photovoltaic Industry http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/haljournl/hal-00498578.htm retrieved on April 2, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) UN Statistics Division. http://www.pbl.nl/en/news/pressreleases/2008/20080613ChinacontributingtwothirdstoincreaseinCO2emissions last visited on March 4, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) White House, official website. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/us-china-clean-energy-announcements last visited on July 11, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zhao Yuwen, Wang Sicheng, Wang Wenjing, Li Xudong, Liu Zuming, Qiu Diming, Song Shuang, Grant Ramsay, 2008. Report on the development of the Photovoltaic Industry in China (2006-2007). China Renewable Energy Project. retrieved from http://www.martinot.info/REDP_China_PV_Industry_2006-2007.pdf on March 16 2011zh_TW