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題名 中國大陸的維吾爾教育與整合政策--一個批判性的分析
China`s uyghur strategy of education and integration: a critical analysis
作者 石民生
Vincent Stoia
貢獻者 張駿逸
Gene Chang
石民生
Vincent Stoia
關鍵詞 Xinjiang
Uyghur
China
education
assimilation
日期 2010
上傳時間 5-Oct-2011 14:56:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 NA
About eight million Uyghurs live in the People’s Republic of China. Many Uyghurs are hostile to Chinese rule. Xinjiang, the province in which most Uyghurs live, has long been a spot of violence and controversy. The Chinese government has employed a variety of means to pacify the Uyghurs and integrate them into mainstream society. It has used violence, propaganda, economic incentives, and education. This thesis will examine the use of education in that strategy.
Chinese policymakers hope that education will raise Uyghur standards of living, support China’s preferred historical interpretations, and make Mandarin the common language in Xinjiang. This thesis examines three parts of China’s education strategy: preferential policies (傾斜政策), language education, and history education. This is done through examining Chinese White Papers, textbooks used in Chinese classrooms, publications by analysts, and studies done by academics. The goal was to discover how much success China has had in using education to integrate the Uyghurs.
This thesis has found that while progress has been made, the PRC has not achieved its goal of using education to integrate the Uyghurs into mainstream society. In fact, its attempts have often had the opposite affect, alienating and angering many Uyghurs.
參考文獻 1. Becquelin, Nicolas. Staged Development in Xinjiang, in China’s Campaign to “Open Up the West:” National, Provincial and Local Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004
2. Beller-Hann, Ildiko. Temperamental Neighbors in Imagined Differences. Lit Verlag, New York: Palgrave, 2002
3. Bovingdon, Gardner. Contested Histories in Xiniang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004
4. China Global Times. Brief Introduction of Xinjiang. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/basic-facts/2009-07/445481.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
5. China Global Times. Xinjiang Undergoes Unprecedented Changes in Education. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/basic-facts/2009-09/470284.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
6. China Through a Lens. Xinjiang’s Natural Resources. http://www.china.org.cn/english/MATERIAL/139230.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011
7. Dwyer, Arienne M. The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse. Washington: East-West Center, 2005
8. Frederich, Michael. Uyghur Representations of Xinjiang Realities, in Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia, Ashgate Publishing, 2007
9. Gladney, Dru. Dislocating China. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2004
10. Gladney, Dru. Making Minorities. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998
11. Gladney, Dru. Representing Nationality in China: Reconfiguring Majority/Minority Identities. The Journal of Asian Studies, 1994
12. Global Times. Origin of the East Turkistan Issue. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/urumqi-riot/anti-terror/2009-07/445742.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
13. He, Yinan. History, Chinese Nationalism, and the Emerging Sino-Japanese Conflict. Routledge, 2007
14. Hill, Ann Maxwell and Minglang, Zhou. Affirmative Action in China and the US. New York: Palgrave Macmillen, 2009
15. Hu Duhart, Evelyn. Racial Preferences in the United States, in Affirmative Action in China and the U.S. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007
16. Jiaqing, Tao and Xiaohua, Yang. Our Good Han Mothers in Chinese Education and Society. Volume 43, Number 3, May-June 2010
17. Lai, Harry. China’s Western Development Program: It’s Rationale,
18. Mackerras, Colin. China’s Ethnic Minorities and Globalization. New York: Routledge Courzon, 2003
19. Mackerras, Colin. China’s Minority Cultures. New York: Longman, 1995
20. Mao, Kuo Ray. Kay Kei-ho Pih. The New Silk Road: Central Asia’s New Narcotics Trade Route and the Radicalization of Marginalized Minorities in China. Standing Group Organised Crime Vol. 5, Iss. 3. 2006.
21. Millward, James A. Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
22. Millward, James A. and C. Perdue, Peter C. Political and Cultural History Through the Late 19th Century in Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004
23. Millward, James A. and Tursun, Nabijan Political History and Strategies of Control, 1884-1978 in Xinjiang, China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004
24. New York Times. Tibetan Riots Spread Outside Region http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/world/asia/16iht-tibet.4.11148124.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
25. New York Times. Tibetan Riots Spread Outside Region http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/world/asia/16iht-tibet.4.11148124.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
26. Postiglione, Gerald A. National Minorities: Studying School Discontinuation in The Ethnographic Eye: An Interpretive Study of Education in China. New York: Falmer Press, 2000
27. PRC White Paper. Law of the People’s Republic of China on National Autonomy http://www.novexcn.com/regional_nation_autonomy.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
28. PRC White Paper. Steady Development of Social Programs. http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2009-09/21/content_18565913.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
29. PRC White Paper. Upholding Equality and Unity among Ethnic Groups, and Freedom of Religious Belief. http://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20030526/8.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
30. Rong, Ma. Bilingual Education for China’s Ethnic Minorities. Chinese Education and Society, Volume 40, number 2, 2007
31. Rudelsen, Justin and Jankowiak, William. Acculturation and Resistance: Xinjiang in Flux, in Xinjiang, China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004
32. Sautman, Barry. Preferential Policies for Minorities in China: The Case of Xinjiang. University of Hong Kong, Division of Social Science, 1997
33. Shan Wei and Chen Gang. The Urumqi Riots and China’s Ethnic Policy in Xinjiang (East Asian Policy, July/September, 2009)
34. Starr, S. Frederick. Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004
35. David Strawbridge, Challenges of a Bilingual Education. Save, the Children.
36. The Chinese Government’s Official Web Portal. China Vows Stronger Support for Education for Ethnic Minority Groups. http://www.gov.cn/english/2010-07/30/content_1667226.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011
37. The Chinese Government’s Official Web Portal. China Vows Stronger Support for Education for Ethnic Minority Groups http://www.gov.cn/english/2010-07/30/content_1667226.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011
38. The Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10018/10008/00015/2005/22699.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011
39. The Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. About Xinjiang. http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10050/10051/10020/article.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011
40. The Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. About Xinjiang, http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10050/10051/10020/article.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011
41. Timothy Grose, Timothy. Educating Xinjiang’s Uyghurs: Creating Success or Achieving Unrest. University of Virginia
42. Toops, Stanley W. The Demography of Xinjiang, in Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004
43. True Xinjiang. Xinjiang Undergoes Unprecedented Changes in Education. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/basic-facts/2009-09/470284.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
44. True Xinjiang. Xinjiang Undergoes Unprecedented Changes in Education. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/basic-facts/2009-09/470284.html accessed on July 5th, 2011
45. Tsung, Linda. Minority Languages, Education and Communities in China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009
46. Unrepresented Nations and People’s Organization. http://www.unpo.org/members/7872 accessed on July 5th, 2011
47. Uyghur Human Rights Project. Uyghur Language Under Attack: The Myth of “Bilingual” Education in the People’s Republic of China, 2007.
48. Uyghur Human Rights Project. Uyghur Language Under Attack: The Myth of “Bilingual” Education in the People’s Republic of China. July
49. Wenfang, Tang and Gaochao, He. Separate but Loyal: Ethnicity and Nationalism in China in Policy Studies 56. East West Center, 2010
50. Xinjiang University Web Site http://www.xju.edu.cn/ accessed on July 5th, 2011
51. Yahya, Harun. Communist China’s Policy of Oppression in East Turkestan. http://www.harunyahya.com/e_turkestan03.php accessed on July 5th, 2011
52. Zhao Zhenzhou. China’s ethnic dilemma, Chinese Education and Society. 2010
53. Zhao, Dingxin. Nationalism and Authoritarianism: Student Government Conflicts During the 1999 Beijing Student Protests. Asian Perspective, Volume 27, no. 1., 2003
54. Zhu, Zhiyong Higher Education Access and Equality Among Ethnic Minorities in China in Chinese Education and Society. Volume 43, Number 1, 2010
55. 庫爾班. 少數民族地區實行雙語教學的必要性 The Language Teacher’s Friend, 2010 《新疆教育研究》
56. 张 冬 波, 樊 志 锦, 巴 哈 得 尔. 新疆中學物理維漢"雙語"教育現狀中的問題研究. Journal of Xinjiang Education, Volume 29, No. 1. March, 2010. 《新疆教育研究》
57. 喀什地區三所學校雙語教學情況評估報告. Journal of Xinjiang Education, Volume 26. No. 4. December, 2010. 《新疆教育研究》
58. 玛 依 拉, 塔 吉 丁. “民 漢 兼 通” 是 新 疆 求 發 屏 的 必 由 之 路. Ren Min Jiao Yu, 2006. 《新疆教育研究》
59. 依 皮 提 哈 爾,實 實 提,吾 守 爾,斯 拉 木. 面 向 新 疆 雙 語 教 學 的 遠 程 教 學 系 統 的 設 計 馬 實 現. Journal of Chinese Information Processing. Volume 24, No. 4. July, 2010. 《新疆教育研究》
60. 祁偉. 和田地區中小學維漢雙語教育調查, 2007. Education & Teaching Research, 2007. 《新疆教育研究》
61. 常 宝 宁. 新 疆 南 疆 地 區 青 少 年 國 家 認 同 影 響 因 素 實 証 研 究, 2010. <維吾爾族的雙語教育>
62. 林淑娇. 淺 談 新 疆 高 校 中 的 雙 語 教 學 政 策. 魅 力 中 國 Charming China, 2010.
63. 陈 华 英. 新 疆 維 吾 爾 族“民 考 民”大 學 生 維 漢 雙 語 態 度研 究. 山 東 文 學2010 《新疆教育研究》
64. 祁 佛. 新 疆 和 田 地 區 雙 語 教 育 實 踐 成 果 綜 述 Education Training & Research, 2008. 《新疆教育研究》
65. 義務教育課程標準實驗教科書. 中國歷史. 七年級下冊. 課程教材研究所.
歷史課程教材研究開發中心. 人民教育出版社出版發行《新疆教育研究》
66. 義務教育課程標準實驗教科書. 中國歷史. 七年級 上冊. 課程教材研究所
歷史課程教材研究開發中心. 人民教育出版社出版發行《新疆教育研究》
67. 本套歷史實驗教科書由國家基礎教育. 歷史課程標準研製組編寫. 北京師範大學出版社出版發行. 2002年6月第三版 2003年6月第二次印刷《新疆教育研究》
68. 中國歷史. 編寫人員. 主編 王斯德. 副主編 王家范《新疆教育研究》
69. 經全國中小學教材審定委員會2001年初審通過. 義務教育課程標準實驗教科書. 義務教育歷史課程標準研製組. 北京師範大學國家基礎教育課程標準實驗教材總編委會《新疆教育研究》
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
97925028
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097925028
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張駿逸zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Gene Changen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 石民生zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Vincent Stoiaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 石民生zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Vincent Stoiaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2011 14:56:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Oct-2011 14:56:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2011 14:56:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097925028en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51460-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97925028zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) NAzh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) About eight million Uyghurs live in the People’s Republic of China. Many Uyghurs are hostile to Chinese rule. Xinjiang, the province in which most Uyghurs live, has long been a spot of violence and controversy. The Chinese government has employed a variety of means to pacify the Uyghurs and integrate them into mainstream society. It has used violence, propaganda, economic incentives, and education. This thesis will examine the use of education in that strategy.
Chinese policymakers hope that education will raise Uyghur standards of living, support China’s preferred historical interpretations, and make Mandarin the common language in Xinjiang. This thesis examines three parts of China’s education strategy: preferential policies (傾斜政策), language education, and history education. This is done through examining Chinese White Papers, textbooks used in Chinese classrooms, publications by analysts, and studies done by academics. The goal was to discover how much success China has had in using education to integrate the Uyghurs.
This thesis has found that while progress has been made, the PRC has not achieved its goal of using education to integrate the Uyghurs into mainstream society. In fact, its attempts have often had the opposite affect, alienating and angering many Uyghurs.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction………………………………………………7
1.1 Xinjiang………………………………………………7
1.2 The Uyghurs………………………………………8
1.3 The History of China and Xinjiang……….9
1.4 The Importance of Xinjiang.………………..12
1.5 Education in Xinjiang....……………………16
1.6 Limitations……………………………………….17
1.7 Motivation………………….…………………….17
2 Literature Review………………………………………20
2.1 Xinjiang and China…..…..…………………20
2.2 China and Its Ethnic Minority Groups…21
2.3 China and Ethnic Separatism……………….26
2.4 Ethnic Minorities and Education...……28
2.5 Preferential Policies……………………...29
2.6 Language Education………………………...34
2.7 History Education…………………………..41
3 Preferential Policies for Uyghurs …….44
3.1 Conclusion……………………………………….62
4. Language Education…………………………..65
4.1 Conclusion…………………………………….80
5 History Education…………………………………………………..86
5.1 Textbooks………………………………………..92
5.2 Textbook #1………………………………………………………...93
5.3 Textbook #2…………………………………...…95
5.4 Textbook #3………………………………………...97
5.5 Textbook #4………………………………………...100
5.6 Observations on the Textbooks……………….101
5.7 Recommendations…………………………………….105
6 Conclusion…………………………………………….108
7 Bibliography…………………………………………..116
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097925028en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Xinjiangen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Uyghuren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) assimilationen_US
dc.title (題名) 中國大陸的維吾爾教育與整合政策--一個批判性的分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) China`s uyghur strategy of education and integration: a critical analysisen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Becquelin, Nicolas. Staged Development in Xinjiang, in China’s Campaign to “Open Up the West:” National, Provincial and Local Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Beller-Hann, Ildiko. Temperamental Neighbors in Imagined Differences. Lit Verlag, New York: Palgrave, 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Bovingdon, Gardner. Contested Histories in Xiniang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. China Global Times. Brief Introduction of Xinjiang. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/basic-facts/2009-07/445481.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. China Global Times. Xinjiang Undergoes Unprecedented Changes in Education. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/basic-facts/2009-09/470284.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. China Through a Lens. Xinjiang’s Natural Resources. http://www.china.org.cn/english/MATERIAL/139230.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Dwyer, Arienne M. The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse. Washington: East-West Center, 2005zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Frederich, Michael. Uyghur Representations of Xinjiang Realities, in Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia, Ashgate Publishing, 2007zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Gladney, Dru. Dislocating China. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Gladney, Dru. Making Minorities. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Gladney, Dru. Representing Nationality in China: Reconfiguring Majority/Minority Identities. The Journal of Asian Studies, 1994zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Global Times. Origin of the East Turkistan Issue. http://www.globaltimes.cn/www/english/truexinjiang/urumqi-riot/anti-terror/2009-07/445742.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. He, Yinan. History, Chinese Nationalism, and the Emerging Sino-Japanese Conflict. Routledge, 2007zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Hill, Ann Maxwell and Minglang, Zhou. Affirmative Action in China and the US. New York: Palgrave Macmillen, 2009zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Hu Duhart, Evelyn. Racial Preferences in the United States, in Affirmative Action in China and the U.S. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Jiaqing, Tao and Xiaohua, Yang. Our Good Han Mothers in Chinese Education and Society. Volume 43, Number 3, May-June 2010zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Lai, Harry. China’s Western Development Program: It’s Rationale,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Mackerras, Colin. China’s Ethnic Minorities and Globalization. New York: Routledge Courzon, 2003zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Mackerras, Colin. China’s Minority Cultures. New York: Longman, 1995zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Mao, Kuo Ray. Kay Kei-ho Pih. The New Silk Road: Central Asia’s New Narcotics Trade Route and the Radicalization of Marginalized Minorities in China. Standing Group Organised Crime Vol. 5, Iss. 3. 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Millward, James A. Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Millward, James A. and C. Perdue, Peter C. Political and Cultural History Through the Late 19th Century in Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Millward, James A. and Tursun, Nabijan Political History and Strategies of Control, 1884-1978 in Xinjiang, China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. New York Times. Tibetan Riots Spread Outside Region http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/world/asia/16iht-tibet.4.11148124.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. New York Times. Tibetan Riots Spread Outside Region http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/world/asia/16iht-tibet.4.11148124.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Postiglione, Gerald A. National Minorities: Studying School Discontinuation in The Ethnographic Eye: An Interpretive Study of Education in China. New York: Falmer Press, 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. PRC White Paper. Law of the People’s Republic of China on National Autonomy http://www.novexcn.com/regional_nation_autonomy.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. PRC White Paper. Steady Development of Social Programs. http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2009-09/21/content_18565913.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. PRC White Paper. Upholding Equality and Unity among Ethnic Groups, and Freedom of Religious Belief. http://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20030526/8.html accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Rong, Ma. Bilingual Education for China’s Ethnic Minorities. Chinese Education and Society, Volume 40, number 2, 2007zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31. Rudelsen, Justin and Jankowiak, William. Acculturation and Resistance: Xinjiang in Flux, in Xinjiang, China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32. Sautman, Barry. Preferential Policies for Minorities in China: The Case of Xinjiang. University of Hong Kong, Division of Social Science, 1997zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33. Shan Wei and Chen Gang. The Urumqi Riots and China’s Ethnic Policy in Xinjiang (East Asian Policy, July/September, 2009)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34. Starr, S. Frederick. Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35. David Strawbridge, Challenges of a Bilingual Education. Save, the Children.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36. The Chinese Government’s Official Web Portal. China Vows Stronger Support for Education for Ethnic Minority Groups. http://www.gov.cn/english/2010-07/30/content_1667226.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37. The Chinese Government’s Official Web Portal. China Vows Stronger Support for Education for Ethnic Minority Groups http://www.gov.cn/english/2010-07/30/content_1667226.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38. The Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10018/10008/00015/2005/22699.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39. The Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. About Xinjiang. http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10050/10051/10020/article.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40. The Government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. About Xinjiang, http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10050/10051/10020/article.htm accessed on July 5th, 2011zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41. Timothy Grose, Timothy. Educating Xinjiang’s Uyghurs: Creating Success or Achieving Unrest. University of Virginiazh_TW
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