dc.contributor.advisor | 吳文傑 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.advisor | Wu, Wen Chieh | en_US |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | 姚豌甄 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | Yao, Wan Chen | en_US |
dc.creator (作者) | 姚豌甄 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | Yao, Wan Chen | en_US |
dc.date (日期) | 2010 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 7-十月-2011 14:16:24 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 7-十月-2011 14:16:24 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 7-十月-2011 14:16:24 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) | G0098921041 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51493 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 行政管理碩士學程 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 98921041 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 99 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本研究主要的目的在探討納保對象不繳費原因?以質化研究途徑之深度訪談法,根據研究目的訂定訪談大綱,採立意抽樣方式,在2011年3月至4月間找到15位受訪者。研究對象包括:北部及中部地區,年齡在25歲至64歲間之國民年金保險納保對象及職業工會參加勞保者,分別有10及5位受訪者。針對納保對象、繳費意願、保障內容等議題及職業工會加保問題進行探討。經分析訪談資料後,所得研究重要發現如下: 1.國民年金納保對象與職業工會加保者,共同的工作性質均以非典型工作為主,即臨時工、部分工時、兼職,不全然以無工作者為主;由於工作不穩定,故在繳費上確有其困難,有些人則透過職業工會投保勞保。 2.中部地區繳費率低之主因係交通不便捷,以汽、機車代步,花費佔生活費一部分。其次,居民均擁有財產(如房屋、土地)無收入者為主。 3.學生因無收入,均由父母親代繳,且清寒學生畢業後需償還就學貸款,失業者生活困頓。 4.受訪者認為不應計收遲延繳納之利息、配偶互負繳納義務應規定配套措施。多數受訪者表示,不知道老年年金給付與老年基本保證年金所適用對象不同。其次,國民年金繳費年限太長,保障比勞保少。 5.中部地區較多由職業工會違法掛名加保。 根據研究發現,提出以下建議: 1.學生及失業者繳費問題 可仿傚日本,針對父母之家庭可支配所得(調整各種扣除額後之所得),及就讀學校種類(公、私立)、居住型態(是否與父母同住),或依學生的收入,訂定減免標準。失業者及學生有能力繳納者可採自願納保,不應將無力繳納者強制納保。 2.預繳保險費可另訂折扣辦法,例如預繳1年享8折,半年享9折等規定,以提高繳費率。 3.保險費計算比照健保第6類人口以平均保險費為基礎或二代健保,仿傚日本以家戶所得高低為判定保費負擔能力基準,以減輕經濟弱勢者的負擔。 4.刪除計收遲延繳納之利息,落實配偶互負連帶繳納義務可依配偶之年所得或收入,依比例原則訂定處罰鍰標準,收入較高者,處較高罰鍰,以改善制度中未能達到的「劫富濟貧效果」,即垂直重分配功能之缺失。家暴受害者應予免除其為施暴之配偶連帶罰鍰規定,執政當局可與警察局或警政署之家暴資料勾稽。 5.受訪者均認為對政府財政不具信心或不繳費未來65歲時可領3,000多元之敬老津貼,為了提高國人繳費意願,可將保費運用情形及老年年金給付與老年基本保證年金所適用對象不同,若未繳保險費屆滿65歲時,無法領取3,000多元之老年年金,列為政策宣導重點,強化國人繳費與享受權利對等關係。 6.展望未來,國民年金制度可比照勞保制定紓困貸款辦法,以無欠費且加保年資在一定年限,得申請紓困貸款,以緩解納保對象在生活上之困境。 7.職業工會掛名加保問題,應將中、南部列為稽查重點區域。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | The main purpose of this study is to find out why those people covered by National Pension Insurance but do not pay insurance premium? In-depth interview method of qualitative research is applied in this study. Interview guide is drafted according to the purpose of this study. Purposive sampling is used and 15 respondents were found between March and April of 2011. The objects of this studying includes: people who live in central and north Taiwan region, and aged between 25 and 64 years. 10 and 5 respondents are from National Pension Insurance coverage group and labor insurance participants from occupational union respectively. The major issues discussed are insurance coverage object, willingness to pay insurance premium, content of insurance benefit and join National Pension Insurance with worker association participant identity. After cross analysis on the interview data, the major findings are as follows: 1.The common characteristics work for National Pension Insurance coverage object and labor insurance participants with occupational union identity are mostly atypical employment which are contingent worker, part-time worker and they are not all workless; since their job is unstable so they do have some difficulties in paying insurance premium and some of them participate in labor insurance through occupational union. 2.The major reason for the low insurance premium paying rate in central Taiwan region is inconvenient transportation. People live in here are mostly using car and motorcycle as their transportation mean and the expenses for those transportation means are a big part of their living expenses. In addition, people here are mainly no income but own real estate such as houses and lands. 3.Since students have no income so the insurance premium are all paid by their parents and those students who from low income family also have to pay student loans after they graduated from schools so the jobless ones would have a very hard time in life. 4.The respondents think there should be no interest for late payment to insurance premium and there should be supporting measures defined for couples who take premium payment duties for each other. Most of the respondents say they don’t know that the applicable object for old age pension and old age basic guarantee pension are different. Secondly, the premium paying years for National Pension Insurance are too long and its benefit is less than those of labor insurance. 5.In Central Taiwan region, there are more cases of illegal participation in Labor insurance through Occupational union who actually are jobless. According to the findings of this study, the following suggestions are proposed: 1.Students and Unemployed Insurance Premium Payment Problem Could learn from Japan and define premium deduction standard based on the family disposal income (income after adjusted from deduction) on the parents’ income, school type (private or public), household status (whether live with the parents), and the student’s income. For unemployed and students who have the capability to pay premium should use voluntary insurance participation and should not make it compulsory. 2.Some discount measured could be implemented for prepaid insurance premium; for example, prepaid 1 year premium to get 20% off and six months for 10% off to improve insurance premium payment rate. 3.Insurance premium calculation should be based on the average insurance premium of category 6 of health insurance or second generation national health insurance premium, following the example of Japan who use the level of household income to determine affordability benchmark premium in order to reduce the burden of the economically disadvantaged. 4.Remove the accrued interest from late payment; follow through on the obligation of spouse to be responsible for their insurance premium and use the principle of proportionality to set penalties based on their annual income or revenue. Higher income should pay higher fine to improve the “Robin Hood effect”, vertical income redistribution function, which has not be implemented in the system currently. Victims of domestic violence should be waived from the fines associated with regulation for the late payment of their spouse; the administration could cross check with the police authorities or the domestic violence data in National Police Agency to verify. 5.Most of the respondents have no confidence on the Government’s financial future or they think they can receive $3,000 of old age pension at the age of 65 if they do not pay the premium. In order to improve people’s willingness to pay insurance premium, the government could separate the insurance premium usage and the applicable object between old age pension payment and old age basic guarantee pension. If people do not pay the insurance premium, they would not be able to receive the 3,000 old age pension at the age of 65 when insurance expires; and put this point as the focus of policy advocacy to strengthen the relationship between paying insurance premium and enjoy the rights. 6.Looking into future, National Pension System could learn from the labor insurance to develop relief loan scheme. If the people have no overdue insurance premium with more than one year of insurance coverage, they could apply for relief loans to ease the life obstacles accrued on the object of National Pension Insurance. 7.For the illegal participation of labor insurance problem with occupational union, the government should take central and south Taiwan as the key checking regions. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒 論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 11 第三章 國民年金保險現況 43 第四章 研究設計 91 第五章 訪談結果與分析 111 第六章 結論與建議 147 參考文獻 157 附錄一 國民年金法部分條文修正草案總說明 164 附錄二 訪談邀請函及同意書 186 附錄三 訪談大綱 187 附錄四 訪談逐字稿 190 | zh_TW |
dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098921041 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 國民年金保險 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 非典型僱用 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 馬斯洛需求層級理論 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 所得替代率 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 職業工會 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | National Pension Insurance | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Atypical Employment | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Maslow Need-Hierarchy Theory | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Rate of Replacement | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Occupational Union | en_US |
dc.title (題名) | 國民年金保險參與率之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title (題名) | A study on the participation rate of National Pension Insurance | en_US |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 一、中文書籍、期刊、論文 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 文崇一、楊國樞(2000),〈訪問調查法〉,《社會及行為科學研究法下冊》,臺北:東華。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王正(2000),〈保險救助及津貼:老年經濟安全制度財務體系配合之探討〉,《經社法制論叢》,26,1-29。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王文科(2001),《教育研究法》,臺北:五南。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王玉麟(2004),〈研究倫理與相關議題〉,《教育資料與研究》,56,82-88。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王正、鄭清霞(2007),〈降低貧窮與國民年金〉,《社區發展季刊》,116,50-74。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王儷玲(2009),〈社會保險基金風險管理之探討-以國民年金保險基金風險管理為例〉,《內政部國民年金監理委員會專題研討會》,臺北:內政部國民年金監理委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王順民(2009),〈從國民年金保險、長期照護保險到其它-關於老人經濟安全保障課題的延伸性思考〉,《國民年金的時代意義與未來挑戰研討會之論文》,中華救助總會社會福利論壇,2009年3月27日,嘉義:國立中正大學。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 古允文(1997),《台灣地區老人經濟狀況及年金保險需求之研究》,臺北:內政部委託研究。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 石泱(2005),〈老年經濟安全保障制度之探討〉,《社區發展季刊》,110,260-273。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳芝儀、李奉儒譯(1995),Michael, Q. P.原著,《質的評鑑與研究》,臺北:桂冠。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳全成(2006),《勞資關係》,臺北:華立。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳明孝(2008),〈窮人與誰重分配?-從「重分配」的理念簡評國民年金法〉,《台灣法學》,113,56-57。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳宏翔(2008),〈劃時代的新頁-勞保年金制度即將施行〉,《台灣勞工》,15,51-60。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳明儒(2009),〈台灣國民年金初體驗:公民社會的觀點〉,《國民年金的時代意義與未來挑戰研討會之論文》,中華救助總會社會福利論壇,2009年3月27日,嘉義:國立中正大學。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳玉琴(2009),〈弱勢互保下國民年金面對的課題〉,《國民年金的時代意義與未來挑戰研討會之論文》,中華救助總會社會福利論壇,2009年3月27日,嘉義:國立中正大學。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李玉君(2008),〈從老年經濟安全探討國民年金制度之基本問題〉,《台灣法學》,113,61-73。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李思慧(2009),《我國國民年金制度之分析與檢討》,銘傳大學法律學系碩士班碩士學位論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005),〈質性研究方法:訪談模式與實施步驟分析〉,《身心障礙研究》,3(2):122-136。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林佳瑩、徐富珍校訂,邱泯科、陳佳穎、蔡毓智、姜馨彥譯(2006),Earl Babbie原著,《研究方法基礎理論與技巧》,臺北:雙葉。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林志鴻(2009),〈德國年金保險制度改革經驗對我國年金保險發展的借鑑〉,《國民年金的時代意義與未來挑戰研討會之論文》,中華救助總會社會福利論壇,2009年3月27日,嘉義:國立中正大學。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 邱英祧(2001),〈國民年金對經濟、社會福利之影響〉,《長榮學報》,4(2):49-63。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 徐廣正(2002),〈我國國民年金制度之規劃與評析〉,《政大勞動學報》,12,373-394。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 柯木興、林建成(2005),〈淺談世界銀行多層次「老年經濟保障模式」〉,《壽險季刊》,137,61-68。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 柯木興(2007),《社會保險》,臺北:三民。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 胡幼慧(1996),《質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例》,臺北:巨流。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張雅雯(2010),《以家庭主婦的觀點來探究我國女性老年經濟安全之保障-以2008年實施的國民年金制度為例》,玄奘大學社會福利學系碩士班碩士學位論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾中明、姚惠文、鄭貴華(2007),〈我國國民年金之規劃歷程〉,《社區發展季刊》,116,11-27。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 范麗娟(2004),〈深度訪談〉,載於《質性研究》,謝臥龍主編。臺北:心理。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃耀滄(2008),〈我國年金制度發展初探〉,《台灣勞工》,14,24-32。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃源協、蕭文高(2008),《社會政策與社會立法》,臺北:雙葉。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃琦媖(2008),《台日國民年金制度之比較研究》,臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士學位論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 莊正中(2007),《由英國及日本年金制度之實施經驗省思我國公共年金規劃的政策方向》,臺北:行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局委託研究報告。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 傅從喜(2008),《德國、日本、美國及韓國社會年金保險制度面臨問題及改革方向之研究》,臺北:內政部委託研究報告。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭登聰(2009),〈國民年金對弱勢國民權益之保障與影響-依國民年金法的評析做依據〉,《國民年金的時代意義與未來挑戰研討會》,中華救助總會社會福利論壇,2009年3月27日,嘉義:國立中正大學。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳鴻達、葉永珍、藍扶廈、劉梅、茆育佳、陳淑芬、朱偉甫、張暖暖(2007),〈考察日本、韓國年金制度及實務作業〉,臺北:行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳琇惠(2010),〈國民年金永續經營之道-永不停止的改革〉,《保險經營與制度》,9(1):103-126。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 賴松生(2009),《國民年金認知之研究》,朝陽科技大學企業管理系碩士班碩士學位論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 章秀秀(2005),〈國民年金之經濟效果分析〉,《財稅研究》,37(4):138-144。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 萬文隆(2004),〈深度訪談在質性研究中的應用〉,《生活科技教育月刊》,37(4):17-23。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾明發(2003),〈國民年金法草案相關問題評析〉,《台灣金融經濟月刊》,39(11):85-96。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾妙慧(2002),《社會安全與社會保險》,臺北:華泰。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 蕭麗卿(1994),〈人口老化與老人經濟保障問題探討〉,《經社法制論叢》,13,305-329。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉彩卿、廖英州、何智翔(2009),〈淺談我國國民年金之實施現況及國際比較〉,《財稅研究》, 41(4):71-77。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭婉伶(2008),〈不可不知的勞保年金制度〉,《台灣勞工》,15,62-72。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭文輝(2009),《國民年金業務及財務監理制度之研究案》,臺北:內政部委託研究報告。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 潘淑滿(2009),《質性研究:理論與應用》,臺北:心理。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝佳蓁(2010),《我國國民年金保險制度問題及其對策之研究》,臺灣大學國家發展研究所碩士學位論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 衛民、許繼峰(2007),《勞資關係與爭議問題》,臺北:國立空中大學。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 戴肇洋(2010),《國民年金被保險人未繳納保險費原因之調查分析》,臺北:行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局委託研究報告。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 勞保局(2011),《國民年金保險業務專輯》,臺北:行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 內政部(2009),〈從國外經驗看我國國民年金的挑戰與展望〉,《國民年金監理相關專題研討會實錄彙編》,國民年金監理委員會,19-80。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中央健康保險局(2010),《2010全民健康保險簡介》,臺北:行政院衛生署中央健康保險局。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 《立法院公報》,(2009),〈委員會紀錄〉,99(6):57-92。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 《立法院公報》,(2010),〈院會紀錄〉,99(29):295-297。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 二、網路資源 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林武雄(2003),〈小泉政權面臨的5大課題〉,台灣日本綜合研究所,9月16日,http://www.japanresearch.org.tw/takeo-09.asp。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 詹火生(2010a),〈國民年金周年之回顧與展望〉,國家政策研究基金會網站:http://www.npf.org.tw/post/2/6933,檢索日期2010/11/21。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 詹火生(2010b),〈如何減輕國民年金的財務壓力,確保民眾老年經濟安全?〉,國家政策研究基金會網站:http://www.npf.org.tw/post/3/8166,檢索日期:2010/12/7。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局全球資訊網http://www.bli.gov.tw/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 行政院衛生署中央健康保險局全球資訊網http://www.nhi.gov.tw/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 行政院主計處http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 內政部統計年報http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/list.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 內政部社會司網站http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/09/new09.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 內政部國民年金監理委員會網站http://www.moi.gov.tw/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 立法院國會圖書館網站http://npl.ly.gov.tw/do/www/homePage | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 國家政策研究基金會網站http://www.npf.org.tw/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中華社會保險學會網站http://www.ins.twmail.org/ | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 三、英文 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Anita Schwarz(1996),Averting the Old Age Crisis:Social Security for the 21st Century,from protecting Retirement Income by ISSA,Studies and Research,No37。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brown,Robert L.(2008),“Designing a social security pension system”, International Social Security Review,61(1):pp61-78。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Daniel N.Price and Robert O.Bruner(1970), “Automatic Adjustment of OASDHI Cash Benefits”,Social Security Bulletin,U.S.Social Security Administration,33,3 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fink, Arlene. (1995), How to Sample in Surveys. Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications.6. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Henderson, K. A.(1994),Dimensions of choice: A aualitative approach to recreation,Parks, and Leisure Research. Stage College.PA:Venture. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kaufman,Sharon R. (1994),“In-depth interviewing in GubriumJaber F.and Anderea Sanker (eds.)”, Qualitative methods inaging research. Newbury Park,CA:Sage,pp123-136。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kaufman,Sharon R. (1994),“In-depth interviewing in GubriumJaber F.and Anderea Sanker (eds.)”, Qualitative methods inaging research. Newbury Park,CA:Sage,pp123-136。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kahn. R. & Cannel, C. (1975), The Dynamics of Interviewiging .New York:John. Willey. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Maslow,Abraham H.(1987),Motivation and Personality,3rd ed.New York:Harper & Row. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Minichiello V., Aroni R., Timewell E. &Alexander L. (1995), In-depth Interviewing, Second Edition. South Melbourne: Longman. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Morginstin B.(1989),“Impact of Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors on the Changing Need for Services for the Very Old”.International Social Security Review,2,127 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | OECD Economics and Statistics Department Working Papers | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | OECD(2007),Pensions at a glance:public policies across OECD countries | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 2007-edition. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rejda,George E.(1999),Social Insurance and Economic Security.USA: Prentice-Hall. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Robert Holzmann and Richard Hinz(2005),Old-Age Income Support in the 21st Century:An International Perspective on Pension Systems and Reform, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Washington:the World Bank. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Takayama, N. (1999),“Pension Provision for Specific Risk Groups: The Japanese Case”, International Social Security Review, 55(3):pp57-22。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Takayama,N.(2002),“Japan’s Never-Ending Social Security Reforms”, International Social Security Review, 55(4):pp11-22。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Financial Times(2005),Multi-pillar Solutions to Pension Reform,Editorial Comment,May 26 2005 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | World Bank(1994), Averting the Old Age Crisis:Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth, London:Oxford University Press。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Williams M. (1997) ,Social Surveys:Design to Analysis. In: T. May(Ed.)Social Research Issues,Methods and Process. Buckingham: Open University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.S.Social Security Administration(2007),Social Security Programs throughout the World,USA.SSA Publication. | zh_TW |