學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 新聞客觀性是否顛撲不破? 一種來自網際網路的衝擊
Is Journalistic objectivity always irrefutable? An impact from the Internet field.
作者 闕志儒
貢獻者 林照真
闕志儒
關鍵詞 互動
新聞客觀性
對話觀點
網際網路
網路客觀性
日期 2011
上傳時間 12-四月-2012 13:53:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文以「新聞客觀性」耙梳。透過網路空間裡新聞的特殊性,為網路新聞品質另覓思路。首先討論傳統新聞客觀性,認為新聞客觀性是動態的實踐過程;繼而轉向網路場域,襄助於 Martin Buber 和 Michael Bakhtin等學者的「對話」哲學,歸納出別於過去客觀形式的「互動對話」觀點。藉此指明:網路客觀性是植基於互動對話,透過近用報導、編修補充、理性認知、憑據且驗證與多媒體傳達元素等方式,呼喚出網路使用者彼此肯任下的「事實」,以完善網路新聞敘事。
參考文獻 一、 中文文獻
丁雪英、連燕堂譯(1986)。《當代新聞學》,北京:新華出版社。(原書Voyenne, B. [1962]. La presse dans la société contemporaine. Paris, France: Librairie A. Colin.)
王小章、鄭震譯(2006)。〈文化與民族社會的整合〉,Crane, D.(編),《文化社會學—浮現中的理論視野》,頁 17-36。南京:南京大學出版社。(原書Schudson, M. [1994]. Culture and the Integration of National Societies. In D. Crane (Eds.), The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 21-43). Oxford UK & Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.)
王小章、鄭震譯(2006)。〈通過生產透視法所進行的文化研究:進步與展望〉,Crane, D.(編),《文化社會學—浮現中的理論視野》,頁 144-169。南京:南京大學出版社。(原書Peterson, R. [1994]. Culture Studies Through the Production Perspective: progress and prospects. In D. Crane (Eds.), The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 163-190 ). Oxford UK & Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.)
王泰俐(2006)。〈電視新聞「感官主義」對閱聽人接收分析的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,86: 91-133。
白春仁、顧亞鈴譯(2009)。〈陀思妥耶夫斯基詩學問題〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第五卷》。石家莊:河北教育出版社。(原書Bakhtin. M. M. [1963]. Problems of Dostoevsky`s poetics. Minneapolis: U Minnesota P.)
何穎怡譯(2001)。《探索新聞:美國報業社會史》,台北:遠流出版社。(原書Schudson, M. [1978]. Discovering the news: a social history of American newspapers. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc.)
吳怡靜(1998 年 5 月)。〈伯納斯李(Tim Berners-Lee, WWW發明人)-我不要專利〉,《天下雜誌》,205: 210-215。
吳筱玫(2003)。《網路傳播概論》。台北:智勝文化。
李利國、黃淑敏譯(1995)。《當代新聞採訪與寫作》,台北:周知文化。(原書Brooks, B., Kennedy, G., Moen, D. R., & Ranly, D. [1992]. News reporting and writing. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.)
李良榮(2003)。《當代西方新聞媒體》。上海:復旦大學出版社。
Buonanno, M. (1993). News-values and fiction-values: news as serial devices and criteria of ‘fiction worthiness’ in Italian TV fiction. European Journal of Communication, 8, 177-202.
Burgh, H, de. (2000). Investigative Reporting. London and New York: Routledge.
Carey, J. W. (1993). The mass media and democracy: Between the modern and the postmodern. Journal of International Affairs, 47(1), 1–21.
Carey, J. W. (1999). In defense of public journalism. In T. L. Glasser (Ed.), The Idea of Public Journalism (pp. 49-66). New York: Guilford Press.
Carpenter, S. (2008). How Online Citizen Journalism Publications and Online Newspapers Utilize the Objectivity Standard and Rely on External Sources. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85(3), 533-550.
Christians, C. G. (2005). Ethical Theory in Communications Research. Journalism Studies, 6(1), 3-14.
Cunningham, B. (2003). Rethinking objectivity. Columbia Journalism Review, 2, 24-32.
Dayan, D. & Katz, E. (1992). Media events: The live broadcasting of history. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Dellarocas, C. (2003). The digitization of word of mouth: promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science, 49 (10), 1407-1424.
Dennis, E. E. & Merrill, J. C. (2006). Media debates: Great issues for the digital age. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
李金銓(2004)。〈政治經濟的分與合:香港媒介結構、新聞自由和政權遞嬗〉,李金銓(編),《超越西方霸權—傳媒與文化中國的現代性》,頁 205-238。香港:牛津出版社。
Deuze, M. & Yeshua, D. (2001). Online journalists face new ethical dilemmas: Lessons from the Netherlands. Journal of Mass Ethics, 16(4), 273-292.
Deuze, M. (2003). The web and its journalism: considering the consequences of different types of newsmedia online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203–30.
Deuze, M. (2004). What is multimedia journalism? Journalism Studies, 5(2), 139-152.
Donsbach, W. & Klett, B. (1993). Subjective objectivity: How journalists in four countries define a key term of their profession. Gazette, 51, 53-83.
Drew, D.G. (1975). Reporters attitudes, expected meetings with source and journalistic objectivity. Journalism Quarterly, 52(2), 219–224.
Dryzek, J. S. (2005). The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourse. Oxford and London: Oxford University Press.
Eksterowicz, A. J. (2000). The history and development of public journalism. In A. J. Eksterowicz & R. N. Roberts (Eds.), Public journalism and political knowledge (pp. 3-20). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Ettema, J. S. & Glasser, T. L. (1998). Custodians of conscience: Investigative journalism and public virtue. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Fenton, N. (2010). Drowning or waving? New media, journalism and democracy. In N. Fenton (Ed.), New media, old news: Journalism & democracy in the digital age (pp. 3-16). London: Sage.
Fishbane, D. M. (1998). I, thou, and we: A dialogical approach to couples therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24(1), 41–58.
李茂政(2005)。《新聞學新論》。台北:風雲論壇出版社。
Fiske, J. (1987). Television Culture. London, UK: Routledge.
Friend, C. (2007). Traditions, conventions, and ethics. In C. Friend & J. B. Singer (Eds.), Online journalism ethics: traditional and transitions (pp.3-27). Armonk & NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Gade, P. (1996). Values in the newspaper industry: ‘Market-driven’ journalism`s impact on the newsroom. Presented to the media management and economics division Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication conference.
Gane, N. & Beer, D. (2008). New media: The Key Concepts. Oxford: Berg.
Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News. New York, NY: Free Press.
Gans, H. J. (1992). Multiperspective news. In Elliot D. Cohen (ed.), Philosophical Issues in Journalism (pp. 190-204). Oxford, NY: Oxford Univ. Press.
Gerbner, G. (1964). Ideological perspectives and political tendencies in news reporting. Journalism Quarterly, 41(3), 495–508.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1976). Bad news. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1980). More bad news. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1985). War and peace news. Milton Keynes and Philadelphia: Open University Press.
李蕙怡(2008)。《電視與報紙選舉新聞偏差現象之研究—以2008年總統大選為例》。屏東教育大學社會發展學系碩士論文。
Glasgow University Media Group. (1993). Getting the message. News truth and power. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Ha, L. & James, E. L. (1998). Interactivity Reexamined: A Baseline Analysis of Early Business Web Sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 457-474.
Halloran, J. D., Elliott, P., & Murdock, G. (1970). Demonstrations and communication. A case study. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Hamilton, J. (2004). News on the net. In J. Hamilton (Ed.), All the News That`s Fit to Sell (pp. 190-214). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Hammond, S. C., Anderson, R., & Cissna, K. N. (2003). The problematics of dialogue and power. Communication Yearbook, 27, 125-157.
Heinonen, A. (1999). Journalism in the Age of the Net. Tampere: Acta Universitatis Tamperensis.
Heller, A. (1982). Habermas and Marxism. In J. Thompson & D. Held (Eds.), Habermas: Critical debates (pp.21-41). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Herbert, J. (2000). Journalism in the digital age: Theory and practice for broadcast, print and on-line media. Oxford, MA: Focal Press.
Hilton, J. (1987). Performance. Houndmills: Macmillan.
Hoffman, D. L. & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68.
李金銓 (1981)。《大眾傳播理論》。台北:三民書局。
Iggers, J. (1998). Good News, Bad News: Journalism Ethics and the Public Interest. Boulder, CL: Westview Press.
Inglis, F. (1990). Media theory: An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Kawamoto, K. ( 2003). Digital journalism: Emerging media and the changing horizons of journalism. In K. Kawamoto (Ed.), Digital journalism: Emerging media and the changing horizons of journalism ( pp. 1-29). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
Kerrick, J. S., Anderson, T. E., & Swales, L.B. (1964). Balance and the writer’s attitude towards stories and editorials. Journalism Quarterly, 41, 207–215.
Kiousis, S. (2002) Interactivity: A Concept Explication. New Media & Society, 4(3), 355-383.
Ko, H., Cho, C., & Roberts, M. S. (2005). Internet Uses and Gratifications: A structural equation model of interactive advertising. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 57-70.
Kovach, B. & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The elements of journalism - What newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.
Lane, L. L. (2001). A reexamination of the canon of objectivity in American journalism. Unpublished master thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Lasica, J.D. (1996). Net gain. American Journalism Review, 18(9), 20-33.
Levinson, P.(2009). New New Media. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & bacon.
杜耀明、聶依文(2000)。〈客觀報導與公眾服務—一九九八年香港立法會選舉電視採訪報導研究〉,《廣播與電視》,15: 1-36。
Lichtenberg, J. (2000). In Defence of Objectivity Revisited. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass Media and Society (pp. 239-254). London, NY: Arnold.
Liebes, T. (1994). Crimes of reporting: The unhappy end of a fact-finding mission in the Bible. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 4(1&2), 135-150
Lipari, L. (2004). Listening for the others: Ethical implications of the Buber-Levinas encounter. Communication Theory, 14(2), 122–41.
Lippmann, W. (1920). Liberty and the news. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Hone.
Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Livingstone, S. & Lunt, P. (1994).Talk on television. London, UK: Routledge.
Lyotard, Jean-François (1979[1984]). The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. (from French) by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Foreword by Fredric Jameson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Mahood, C., Kalyanaraman, S., & Sundar, S. (2000, August). The effects of erotica and dehumanizing pornography in an online interactive environment. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Phoenix.
Manovich, L. (2002). The language of new media. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Marsh, C., Guth, D. W., & Short, B. P. (2009). Strategic writing: Multimedia writing for public relations, advertising and more. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson.
沈中愷(2006)。《台灣大學生使用網路新聞的動機與行為之研究》。世新大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
Marzolf, M. T. (1991). Civilizing voices: American press criticism 1880-1950. New York, NY: Longman.
Massey, B. L. & Levy, M. R. (1999). Interactivity, Online Journalism, and English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 138-151.
Matheson, D. & Allan, S. (2009). Digital war reporting: Digital media and society series. MA: Polity.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: Let the citizen beware? Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
McNair, B. (2009). News and journalism in the UK. London: Routledge.
McQuail, D. (1975). Communication. London: Longman.
McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s theory of mass communication (4th ed.). London, UK: Sage.
Mencher, M. (2007). News reporting & writing. Boston, Ma.: McGraw-Hill Humanities.
Mirando, J. A. (2001). Embracing objectivity early on: Journalism textbooks of the 1800s. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(1), 23-32.
沈錦惠(2005)。〈社群之知 vs. 客觀之知:從電子口語看電子新聞〉,《新聞學研究》,82: 1-40。
Morley, D. (1976). Industrial Conflict and the Mass Media. Sociological Review, 24(2), 245-268.
Mott, F. (1962). American journalism. Toronto, Canada: Macmillan.
Mreeill, J.C., Gade, P. J., & Blevens, F. R. (2001) . Twilight of Press Freedom: The Rise of People’s Journalism. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Newhagen, J. E. (1997). Why communication researchers should study the Internet: A dialogue. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 4-13.
Nofsinger, R. E. (1991). Everyday Conversation. Newbury Park: Sage.
Ogan, C. (1993). Listserv communication during the Gulf War: What kind of medium is the electronic bulletin board? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic media, 37(2), 177-196.
Ong, W. (2002). Information and/or communication: Interactions. In T. Farrell & P. Soukup (Eds.), An Ong reader: Challenges for further inquiry (pp. 505-526). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
Ostertag, B. (2006). People`s movements, people`s press: The journalism of social justice movements. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
Parenti, M. ( 1993) . Inventing Reality: The Politics of News media. NY: St. Martin’s Press.
Pavlik, J. V. (2001). Journalism and new media. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
沈薈、周雨譯(2010)。《維繫民主?西方政治與新聞客觀性》,北京:清華大學出版社。(原書Hackett, R.A. & Yuenzhi Zhao [1998]. Sustaining Democracy? Journalism and the Politics of Objectivity. Toronto: Garamond Press.)
Phillips, E. B. (1977). Approaches to objectivity: Journalistic versus social science perspectives. In P. M. Hirsch, P. V. Miller, & F. G. Kline (Eds.), Strategies for communication research (pp. 63-77). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: From New Media To Communication. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wieman, & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. (pp. 110-134). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
Richard, K.(2009). Ethics for journalists. New York, NY: Routledg.
Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Robinson, S. (2010). Traditionalists vs. Convergers: Textual privilege, boundary work, and the journalist-audience relationship in the commenting policies of online news sites. Convergence, 16(1), 125-143.
Rogers, E. M. (1986). Communication technology: The new media in society. New York: Free Press.
Rosen, J. (1999). The action of the idea: Public journalism in built form. In T. L. Glasser (Eds.). The idea of public journalism (pp. 21-48). New York: The Guilford Press.
Schiller, D. (1979) An historical approach to objectivity and professionalism in American news reporting. Journal of Communication, 29(2): 46-57.
Schudson, M. (1978). Discovering the news. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Schudson, M. (2001). The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism, 2(2), 149-170.
周慶祥(2005)。《網路新聞:理論與實務》。台北:風雲論壇出版社。
Schudson, M. (2005). Autonomy from what? In R. Benson & E. Neveu (Eds.), Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field (pp. 214-223). Cambridge: Polity.
Schultz, T. (2000). Mass Media and the concept of interactivity: an exploratory study of online forums and reader email. Media. Culture & Society, 22(2), 205-221.
Scott, B. (2005). A contemporary history of digital journalism. Television & New Media, 6(1), 89–126.
Silverstone, R. (1999). Introduction: What`s New about New Media? New Media & Society, 1(1), 10-12.
Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are These Guys? The Online Challenge to the Nation of Journalistic Professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139-163.
Singer, J. B. (2004). Strange bedfellows? The diffusion of convergence in four news organizations. Journalism Studies, 5(1), 3-18.
Singer, J. B. (2007). Bloggers and other Participatory Journalists. In C. Friend & J. B. Singer (Eds.), Online journalism ethics: traditional and transitions (pp. 115-150). Armonk & NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Soffer, O. (2009). The competing ideals of objectivity and dialogue in American journalism. Journalism, 10 (4), 473-491.
Soloski, J. (1989). News reporting and professionalism: some constraints on reporting of the news. Media, Culture and Society, 11, 207-228.
Sparks, G. (2006). Media Effects Research: A Basic Overview. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
林敬恆(2004)。《新資訊傳播科技脈落下的文字記者工作技能之研究》。中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
Staab, J. F. (1990). The role of news factors in news selection: A theoretical reconsideration. European Journal of Communication, 5, 423-443.
Streckfuss, R. (1990). Objectivity in journalism: A search and a reassessment. Journalism Quarterly, 67 (4), 973-983.
Thompson, P. (1988). The Voice of the Past: Oral History. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
Thorsen, E. (2008). Journalistic objectivity redefined? Wikinews and the neutral point of view. New Media & Society, 10(6), 935-954.
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York, NY: Free Press.
Tuchman, G.(1972). Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An Examination of Newsman’s Notions of Objectivity. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660-679.
Tuchman, G. (1999). Objectivity as strategic ritual: An examination of newsmen’s notions of objectivity. In H. Tumber (Ed.), News: A reader (pp. 297-307). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Ulmer, G. (2002). Internet invention: From literacy to electracy. New York, NY: Longman.
Ward, S. J. A. & Wasserman, H. (2010). Toward an open ethics: Implications of new media platforms for global ethics discourse. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 25, 275-292.
Wellman, B. & Gulia, M. (1999). Net Surfers don’t Ride Alone. In B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in The Global Village (pp. 331-366). Boulder, CO: Westview.
林照真(1987)。《從新聞報導實例探討新聞客觀性之體現》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
Westerstahl, J. (1983). Objective news reporting. Communication Research, 10, 403-424.
White, D. M. (1950). The gate keeper: A case study in the selection of news. Journalism Quarterly, 27, 383-390.
Wilkins, L. & Christians, C. G. (2009). The handbook of mass media ethics. New York, NY: Routledge.
Wilkinson, J. S., Grant, A. E., & Fisher, D. J. (2009). Principles of convergent journalism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Williams, E. (2007). Grassroots Journalism: A Practical Manual. Boston, MA: Dollars and Sense.
Wulfemeyer, K. T. (2006). Online newswriting. Iowa: Blackwell.
三、 網路文獻
卡比獸(2008年12月25日)。〈捷運南港站 問題大了!〉,《Peopo公民新聞平台》。取自:http://www.peopo.org/portal.php?op=finePrint&articleId=29305
何醒邦、羅介妤(2011 年 10 月 23 日)。〈立委提案:部落客薦證不實須連帶賠償〉,《聯合新聞網》。取自http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/a38350237/article?mid=90353
吳育剛(2011年3月2日)。〈顛覆傳統新聞報導〉,《網路城邦》。取自 http://blog.udn.com/tzongchuhu/4938308
林照真(2005)。〈「置入性行銷」:新聞與廣告倫理的雙重崩壞〉,《中華傳播學刊》,8: 27-40。
林少予(2007年2月9日)。<發展電子報 紐約时報恐停印>,《聯合報》。取自http://www.wretch.cc/blog/fsj/6091631
林佳誼(2011年2月20日)。〈網路與革命〉,《中時電子報》。取自:http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E8%88%87%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD-20110219-100635-769.html
林秉鴻(2003年4月23日至5月3日)。〈和平醫院SARS 隔離日記〉。取自http://web.archive.org/web/20040616173054/wiki.newzilla.org/SARSQuarantineDiary
林金玉(2011年3月30日)。<匯流時代持續變動的新聞地景—2011年美國新聞媒體發展趨勢與觀察>,「公共電視研究發展部」。取自http://rnd.pts.org.tw/p1/2011/03/News%20Landscope-2011%20USA.pdf
唐慧文(2005年10月20日)。〈美參議員:部落客不算正牌記者〉,《苦勞網》。取自http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/3797
孫窮理(2010年05月22日)。〈對公共化和媒體的回應〉,「2010媒體公民會議」。取自http://2011mediareform.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_22.html
孫窮理(2011年10月30日)。〈遠雄下月定輸贏 松菸聯盟遊行「搗蛋」〉,《苦勞網》。取自http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/64721
國家通訊傳播委員會(2011年11月28日)。〈100年寬頻上網帳號數〉【公告】。台北市:國家通訊傳播委員會。取自http://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/news_detail.aspx?site_content_sn=2035&is_history=0&pages=0&sn_f=22666
陳百齡(1998年3月)。〈傳播科技與新聞倫理〉,「政治大學傳播學院新聞工作人員在職進修課程─新聞倫理再出發研討會」。台北市木柵。取自http://ethic.commarts.fju.edu.tw/th/%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86.htm
陳順孝(2011)。〈公民新聞〉,『阿孝「新聞學」教學網站』。取自https://sites.google.com/site/jour328/Home/xin-wen-gu-shi
林照真(2006)。《記者,你為什麼不反叛》。台北:天下雜誌出版社。
彭家發(2009)。〈新聞客觀性存廢論平議〉,《卓越新聞獎基金會》。取自http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news003/article.php?storyid=207
斯特瑞克(2008)。〈斯特瑞克的戰地日記─北上72小時的清剿任務 機會只有一次〉,《聚友博客》。取自http://blog.myspace.cn/e/402726687.htm
廖漢原(2011年10月9日)。〈佔領華爾街社群網站發聲〉,《中央社》。取自http://n.yam.com/cna/fn/201110/20111009421353.html
鄭國威(2010年03月06日)。〈看完關於貴婦奈奈的幾篇文章,我完全支持貴婦奈奈。〉,《龜趣來嘻》。取自http://www.bigsound.org/portnoy/weblog/006949.html
鄭國威(2011年10月10日)。〈當一切都成為網路─網路動員與公民新聞〉,《數位文化學院》。取自http://d-academy.tw/archives/1847
蕭裕民(2011年7月29日)。〈牽手?競逐?網路新傳媒的崛起 對傳統傳媒是福是禍?〉,《卓越新聞獎基金會》。取自http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news003/article.php?storyid=780
Associated Press (2011, March). Facts & Figures. Retrieved from ap.org web site: http://www.ap.org/pages/about/about.html
BBC (2005年7月9日)。<照相手機零距離報道倫敦爆炸現場>,《BBC中文網》。取自http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4660000/newsid_4668400/4668423.stm
Brockus, S. (2009, Dept.). Rethinking the Reader’s Role in Community Journalism. Paper presented at Newspapers and Community-Building Symposium XV, Mobile, Ala. Retrieved from nnaweb.org web site: http://www.nnaweb.org/acts2009/presentations/brockus.pdf
Cobb, F. I. (1919, Dec. 11). The press and public opinion: an address delivered before the Women`s City Club of New York. Retrieved from ebooksread.com web site: http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/frank-i-cobb/the-press-and-public-opinion--an-address-delivered-before-the-womens-city-club-ala/1-the-press-and-public-opinion--an-address-delivered-before-the-womens-city-club-ala.shtml
林照真(2011a)。〈因為科技,新聞正處於改變的轉捩點上?〉,《傳播研究與實踐》,1(1): 25-34。
Dube, J. (2003, April 15). A Bloggers` Code of Ethics. Retrieved from cyberjournalist.net web site: http://www.cyberjournalist.net/news/000215.php
Epiphany, C. (2006, January 11). BBC: How mobiles changed the face of news. Retrieved from smartmobs.com web site: http://www.smartmobs.com/2006/01/11/bbc-how-mobiles-changed-the-face-of-news/
Giles, J. (2005, Dec. 14). Special report: Internet encyclopedias go head to head. Nature. Retrieved from nature.com web site: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html
Giles, J. (2008, June 20). Do we need an open Britannica? Retrieved from guardian.co.uk web site: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/jun/20/wikipedia
Huffington Post (2011, March 16). Twitter, Facebook Become Vital During Japan Earthquake. Huffington Post. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com web site: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/11/twitter-facebook-become-v_n_834767.html
Internet World Stats (2011, March). World Internet Usage And Population Statistics. Retrieved from internetworldstats.com web site: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Jones, A. S. (2004, July 18). Bloggers Are the Sizzle, Not the Steak. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from latimes.com web site: http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jul/18/opinion/oe-jones18
LASICA, J. (2005, February 17). The cost of ethics: Influence peddling in the blogosphere. Retrieved from Online Journalism Review web site: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050217lasica/
MacKinnon, Rebecca (2008, Jan. 13). Journalism 2.0: The Future of News. Retrieved from NCCU web site: http://www.commrd.nccu.edu.tw/material/photo/pdf/journalism-20-the-future-of-news.pdf
Netcraft. (2011, Feb. 15). February 2011 Web Server Survey. Retrieved from netcraft.com web site: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2011/02/15/february-2011-web-server-survey.htm
林照真(2011b 年 7 月)。〈探索數位新聞聚合現象-以台灣手機新聞為例〉,「2011 中華傳播學年會」,新竹市交通大學。
Orlowski, A. (2006, March 23). Nature Mag Cooked Wikipedia Study. Retrieved from theregister.co.uk web site: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/03/23/britannica_wikipedia_nature_study/
Outing, S. (2002, March 13). Interactive news is newspaper-wide effort in Spokane. Retrieved from allbusiness.com web site: http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services-miscellaneous-business/4691872-1.html
Pew Research Center (2011, March 14). The Stae of American News Media 2011. In The Project for Excellence in Journalism. Retrieved from stateofthemedia.org site: http://stateofthemedia.org/
Pryor, L. (2002, April 18). The Third Wave of Online Journalism. Retrieved from Online Journalism Review web site: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/future/1019174689.php
Rosen, J. (2010, Sept. 06). The Journalists Formerly Known as the Media: My Advice to the Next Generation. Jay Rosen: Public Notebook. Retrieved from jayrosen.posterous.com web site: http://jayrosen.posterous.com/the-journalists-formerly-known-as-the-media-m
The Huffington Post. (2011, March 11). Twitter, Facebook Become Vital During Japan Earthquake. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com web site: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/11/twitter-facebook-become-v_n_834767.html
Ward, M. (2006, March 24). Finding a role in the realm of the blogger. Press Gazette. Retrieved from pressgazette.co.uk web site: http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=33601§ioncode=1
Weinberger, D. (2009, July 19). Transparency is the new objectivity. Retrieved from advisoranalyst.com web site: http://advisoranalyst.com/advisor/2010/03/30/transparency-is-the-new-objectivity/
Wikinews (2005). Wikinews: Neutral Point of View. Retrieved from wikinews.org web site: http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Neutral_point_of_view
林鶴玲(2001)。〈數位新聞時代的倫理挑戰─台灣網路新聞發展的一些經驗〉,《亞洲研究》,39: 74-114。
施盈廷(2003)。〈資訊時代的新聞概念─小寫新聞的誕生〉,《資訊社會研究》,4: 181-210。
施盈廷(2007 年 7 月)。〈找尋民主參與的新典範──從上街頭到上維基百科〉,「2007 中華傳播學年會」,新北市淡江大學。
施盈廷(2009)。〈維基新聞─全民參與新聞媒體的可能方案〉,《臺大新聞論壇》,8: 31-74。
紀慧君(2003)。《建構新聞事實:定位與權力》。政治大學新聞學系博士論文。
夏鑄九、王志弘、殷寶寧、溫蓓章、黃麗玲、魏慶嘉譯(2000)。《網絡社會之崛起》。台北:唐山出版社。(原書Castells, M. [2000]. The rise of the network society. Malden, MA: Blackwell.)
徐孟延、蘇蘅(2011 年 7 月)。〈多媒介時代的新聞與倫理:民眾的新聞暴露、媒介信任與倫理觀〉,「2011 中華傳播學年會」,新竹市交通大學。
翁秀琪、許傳陽、蘇湘琦、楊韶彧、葉瓊瑜(1997)。《新聞與社會真實建構-大眾媒體、官方消息來源與社會運動的三角關係》。台北:三民書局。
翁秀琪、鍾蔚文、簡妙如、邱承君(1999)。〈似假還真的新聞文本世界—新聞如何呈現超經驗事件〉,《新聞學研究》,58: 59-83。
袁文麗(2008)。〈在對話中傳播 在傳播中對話─巴赫金對話理論的傳播學意義〉,《山西大學學報》,31(6): 120-124。
張昆(2007)。〈馬克思恩格斯的新聞專業理想〉,《新聞記者》,9: 5-8。
張杰(1998)。〈編選者序〉,張杰(編)《巴赫金集》,頁 1-13。上海:上海遠東出版社。
張郁敏、彭賢恩(2008)。〈政治置入性新聞對新聞可信度的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,95: 55-11。
張培芬(2005)。《開店秘笈》。台北:聯經出版社。
張寶芳(2006)。〈網路新聞學概說〉,彭家發、蘇蘅、張寶芳、金溥聰(編),《新聞學(一)-新聞學新論》,頁 308-328。台北:國立空中大學。
許燕(2005)。《新聞報導的客觀性原理研究》。上海復旦大學新聞學院博士論文。
許瓊文(2009)。〈新聞記者採訪報導受害者應面對的新聞倫理:多元觀點的論證〉,《新聞學研究》,100: 1-55。
陳芸芸、劉慧雯譯(2003)。《特新大眾傳播理論》,台北:韋伯文化。(原書McQuail, D. [2000]. Mass Communication Theory. CA: Sage.)
陳秋雲(2005)。《網路媒體對新聞產製及專業之影響:個案分析(2000-2005年)》。政治大學新聞學系碩士論文。
陳紅豔(2005)。〈對策劃性新聞客觀性的理倫探討〉,《上海工程技術大學教育研究》,4: 61-64。
陳雅玫譯(2006)。《新聞文化》,台北:書林。(原書Stuart Allan. [2004]. News Culture. Buckingham, UK: UP.)
陳順孝(2003)。《新聞控制與反控制》。台北:五南出版社。
單波(1999)。〈重建新聞客觀性原理〉,《新聞學研究》,61: 247-258。
喬新生(2011)。〈新聞客觀性的基本內涵〉,《青年記者》,10: 38-39。
彭芸(2007)。《媒介管理者認知新聞專業性及組織衝突之研究》。(國科會專題研究計劃,95-2412-H-004-012)。台北:政治大學新聞系。
彭芸(2008)。《21世紀新聞學與新聞學研究》。台北:雙葉。
彭家發(1992)。《新聞論》。台北:三民出版社。
彭家發(1994)。《新聞客觀性原理》。台北:三民書局。
黃守義、許詩嫺譯(2008)。〈從多元研究傳統探討互動性模型、使用者、文件與系統〉,《新媒介科技手冊》,頁 409-458。台北:韋伯文化。(原書McMillan, S. [2006]. Exploring models of interactivity from multiple research traditions: users, documents and systems. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (pp. 205-229). London: Sage.)
黃國瑋(2008)。《審議民主的新聞報導-以公民會議為例》。世新大學新聞學系碩士論文。
楊志弘(2001)。〈網路媒體的互動功能之探討──兼論互動網路新聞的發展〉,《傳播管理學刊》,3(1): 1-20。
楊慧娟譯(2006)。《網路新聞學:新媒體的應用實務與展望》,台北:五南。(原書Stovall, J. G. [2004]. Web Journalism: Practice and Promise of a New Medium. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.)
賈澤林譯(2009)。〈論行為哲學〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第一卷》,頁 3-75。石家莊:河北教育出版社。(原書Bakhtin. M. M. [1993/1972]. Toward a philosophy of the act. University of Texas Press.)
臧國仁(1998)。〈新聞報導與真實建構:新聞框架理論的觀點〉,《傳播研究集刊》,第三集。
臧國仁(1999)。《新聞媒體與消息來源:媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北:三民書局。
語冰譯(2000)。《米哈伊爾.巴赫金》,北京:中國人民大學出版社。(原書Clark, K. & Holquist, M. [1984]. Mikhail Bakhtin. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.)
劉自強譯(1999)。《從文本到行動》,北京:北京大學出版社。(原書Olivier Mongin. [1998]. Paul Ricoeur. French: Seuil.)
劉昌德(2007)。〈媒體倫理的政治經濟學:國家、資本、與新聞專業規範的流變〉,《中華傳播學刊》,11: 111-153。
劉靜怡(2009)。〈數位時代的「記者特權」:以美國法制之發展為論述中心〉,《新聞學研究》,98: 139-192。
蔡之國、潘佳佳(2010)。〈客觀真實與主觀傾向之間的新聞敘事〉,《南通大學學報》,26(6): 126-130。
蔡鴻濱(2005 年 7 月)。〈部落格與公共領域的實踐:以「南方社區文化網絡」為例〉,「2005 中華傳播學年會」,台北市台灣大學。
鄧麗萍(2005)。《從爭議性新聞探討客觀報導與事實建構》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
曉河譯(2009)。〈1961年筆記〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第四卷》,頁 322-365。石家莊:河北教育出版社。
蕭嚴譯(2005)。《報紙的良知》,北京:中國人民大學出版社。(原書Flint, L. N. [1925]. The conscience of the newspaper: A case book in the principles and problems of journalism. D. Appleton and Company.)
錢中文(2009)。〈理論是可以常青的──論巴赫金的意義〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第一卷》,頁 1-69。石家莊:河北教育出版社。
錢中文譯(2009)。〈關於陀思妥耶夫斯基長篇小說的複調性〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第四卷》,頁 416-426。石家莊:河北教育出版社。
姜雪影、彭春美譯(2000)。《製作新聞》,台北:遠流出版社。(原書Roshco, B. [1975]. Newsmaking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.)
謝靜(2009)。《美國的新聞媒介批評》。北京:中國人民大學出版社。
謝瀛春(1997)。〈數位媒介對大眾傳播的革命性挑戰〉,謝瀛春(編),《資訊科技對人文、社會的衝擊與影響期末研究報告》,頁 127-146。台北:中央研究院資訊科學研究所。
魏炫譯(2001)。《巴赫金:對話與狂歡》,石家莊:河北教育出版社。(原書北岡誠司 [1998].《バフチン:対話とカーニヴァル》。日本東京:講談社。)
羅文輝(1991)。《精確新聞報導》。台北:正中書局。
羅文輝、蘇蘅、林元輝(1998)。〈如何提升新聞的正確性:一種新查證方法的實驗設計〉,《新聞學研究》,56: 269-296。
羅世宏譯(2006)。《傳播理論──起源、應用與方法》,台北:五南出版社。(原書為Severin, W. J. & Tankard, Jr J. W. [1998]. Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media (4th Edition). Longman Publishers.)
羅耀宗、黃貝玲、蔡宏明譯(2009)。《N世代衝撞:網路新人類正在改變你的世界》。台北:麥格羅希爾。(原書Tapscott, D. [2008]. Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. US: McGraw-Hill.)
蘇碩斌譯(2009)。《媒介文化論:給媒介學習者的15講》。台北:群學。(原書吉見俊哉 [2004]. 《メディア文化論:メディアを学ぶ人のための15話》。東京:有斐閣。)
二、 西文文獻
Alioto, A. (1987). A History of Western Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Altschull, J. H. (1984). Agents of power: The role of the news media in human affairs. New York, NY: Longman.
Anderson, R., Dardenne, R., & Killenberg, G. (1994). The conversation of journalism: Communication, community, and news. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Artwick, C. G. (2004). Reporting and producing for digital media. Iowa: Blackwell.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Ball-Rokeach, S.J. & Reardon, K. (1988). Monologue, dialogue and telelogue: comparing an emerging form of communication with traditional forms. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wieman & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. (pp.135-161). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
Beckett, C. & Mansell, R. (2008) Crossing boundaries: new media and networked journalism. Communication, Culture & Critique, 1(1), 92-104.
Beckett, C. (2008). SuperMedia: Saving journalism so it can save the world. Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Bell, D. (1979). The Social Framework of the Information Society. In T. Foster (Ed.), The Microelectronics Revolution (pp. 500-549). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bennett, W. (1996). News: the Politics of Illusion. New York, NY: Longman.
Blattberg, R. C. & Deighton, J. (1991). Interactive marketing: Exploring the age of addressability. Sloan Management Review, 33(1), 5-14.
Blood, R. (2002). The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.
Boudana, S. (2011). A definition of journalistic objectivity as a performance. Media, Culture & Society, 33(3), 385-398.
Boyer, J. H. (1981). How Editors View Objectivity. Journalism Quarterly, 58(1), 24-28.
Breed, W. (1955). Social control in the newsroom. A Functional Analysis Social Force, 33, 326-335.
Brinton, C. (1963). Shaping of Modern Thought. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Buber ,M. (1965). The Knowledge of Man: A philosophy of the interhuman (M. Friedman, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.
Buber, M. (1999[1937]). I and thou. (trans. R. G. Smith.) Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
98451018
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098451018
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林照真zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 闕志儒zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 闕志儒zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 12-四月-2012 13:53:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 12-四月-2012 13:53:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 12-四月-2012 13:53:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0098451018en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/52508-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98451018zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文以「新聞客觀性」耙梳。透過網路空間裡新聞的特殊性,為網路新聞品質另覓思路。首先討論傳統新聞客觀性,認為新聞客觀性是動態的實踐過程;繼而轉向網路場域,襄助於 Martin Buber 和 Michael Bakhtin等學者的「對話」哲學,歸納出別於過去客觀形式的「互動對話」觀點。藉此指明:網路客觀性是植基於互動對話,透過近用報導、編修補充、理性認知、憑據且驗證與多媒體傳達元素等方式,呼喚出網路使用者彼此肯任下的「事實」,以完善網路新聞敘事。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章、 緒論 1
     第一節、 研究緣起 1
     第二節、 研究動機與問題 5
     
     第二章、 梳理新聞客觀性 8
     第一節、 客觀性的發展歷程 9
     一、非黨派性階段:19世紀30年代後,客觀性在美國新聞實踐中確立 9
     二、中立性階段:19世紀50年代後,客觀性伴隨通訊社發展 11
     三、關注事實階段:19世紀90年代至20世紀初期,經驗主義的客觀性 13
     四、情感中立階段:20世紀20年代至60年代,客觀性成為職業道德規範 15
     第二節、 新聞客觀性:力求報導事實 18
     第三節、 客觀性為新聞報導工作規範 21
     第四節、 小結 24
     
     第三章、 進出新聞客觀性的爭議 26
     第一節、 新聞能夠客觀? 26
     一、新聞不客觀:客觀性淪為鞏固政經權力的幫兇 26
     二、新聞不可能客觀:事實經過建構,無法全然鏡射真實 28
     三、新聞何必客觀:既然無法客觀,又何必客觀 32
     第二節、 重新看待新聞客觀性 36
     第三節、 小結 39
     
     第四章、 新傳播科技的來臨 41
     第一節、 網際網路媒介的時代 41
     第二節、 網路新聞 48
     一、網路新聞的定義 48
     二、網路新聞的範圍 49
     三、網路新聞的特質 50
     第三節、 網路新聞的美麗與憂愁 51
     第四節、 小結 56
     
     第五章、 新聞客觀性仍適用網路新聞? 59
     第一節、 網路新聞與傳統客觀性的衝突 59
     第二節、 從網路實例看起 60
     第三節、 小結 63
     
     第六章、 新聞客觀性的新論述:對話觀點 64
     第一節、 網路客觀性的倫理討論 64
     第二節、 網路客觀性的互動觀點轉進 67
     第三節、 對話觀點 72
     第四節、 小結 78
     
     第七章、 發展網路客觀性的可能 80
     第一節、 勾勒網路客觀性:對話的模式 80
     第二節、 新聞客觀性與網路客觀性的比較 85
     第三節、 小結 88
     
     第八章、 結語:建立網路客觀性之後 89
     第一節、 新聞客觀性是動態的實踐過程 89
     第二節、 網路客觀性的實踐與反思 91
     第三節、 研究限制與未來建議 93
     
     參考文獻 95
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098451018en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新聞客觀性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 對話觀點zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網際網路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網路客觀性zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 新聞客觀性是否顛撲不破? 一種來自網際網路的衝擊zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Is Journalistic objectivity always irrefutable? An impact from the Internet field.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 丁雪英、連燕堂譯(1986)。《當代新聞學》,北京:新華出版社。(原書Voyenne, B. [1962]. La presse dans la société contemporaine. Paris, France: Librairie A. Colin.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王小章、鄭震譯(2006)。〈文化與民族社會的整合〉,Crane, D.(編),《文化社會學—浮現中的理論視野》,頁 17-36。南京:南京大學出版社。(原書Schudson, M. [1994]. Culture and the Integration of National Societies. In D. Crane (Eds.), The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 21-43). Oxford UK & Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王小章、鄭震譯(2006)。〈通過生產透視法所進行的文化研究:進步與展望〉,Crane, D.(編),《文化社會學—浮現中的理論視野》,頁 144-169。南京:南京大學出版社。(原書Peterson, R. [1994]. Culture Studies Through the Production Perspective: progress and prospects. In D. Crane (Eds.), The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 163-190 ). Oxford UK & Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王泰俐(2006)。〈電視新聞「感官主義」對閱聽人接收分析的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,86: 91-133。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 白春仁、顧亞鈴譯(2009)。〈陀思妥耶夫斯基詩學問題〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第五卷》。石家莊:河北教育出版社。(原書Bakhtin. M. M. [1963]. Problems of Dostoevsky`s poetics. Minneapolis: U Minnesota P.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 何穎怡譯(2001)。《探索新聞:美國報業社會史》,台北:遠流出版社。(原書Schudson, M. [1978]. Discovering the news: a social history of American newspapers. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳怡靜(1998 年 5 月)。〈伯納斯李(Tim Berners-Lee, WWW發明人)-我不要專利〉,《天下雜誌》,205: 210-215。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳筱玫(2003)。《網路傳播概論》。台北:智勝文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李利國、黃淑敏譯(1995)。《當代新聞採訪與寫作》,台北:周知文化。(原書Brooks, B., Kennedy, G., Moen, D. R., & Ranly, D. [1992]. News reporting and writing. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李良榮(2003)。《當代西方新聞媒體》。上海:復旦大學出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buonanno, M. (1993). News-values and fiction-values: news as serial devices and criteria of ‘fiction worthiness’ in Italian TV fiction. European Journal of Communication, 8, 177-202.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burgh, H, de. (2000). Investigative Reporting. London and New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carey, J. W. (1993). The mass media and democracy: Between the modern and the postmodern. Journal of International Affairs, 47(1), 1–21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carey, J. W. (1999). In defense of public journalism. In T. L. Glasser (Ed.), The Idea of Public Journalism (pp. 49-66). New York: Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carpenter, S. (2008). How Online Citizen Journalism Publications and Online Newspapers Utilize the Objectivity Standard and Rely on External Sources. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85(3), 533-550.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Christians, C. G. (2005). Ethical Theory in Communications Research. Journalism Studies, 6(1), 3-14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cunningham, B. (2003). Rethinking objectivity. Columbia Journalism Review, 2, 24-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dayan, D. & Katz, E. (1992). Media events: The live broadcasting of history. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dellarocas, C. (2003). The digitization of word of mouth: promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science, 49 (10), 1407-1424.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dennis, E. E. & Merrill, J. C. (2006). Media debates: Great issues for the digital age. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李金銓(2004)。〈政治經濟的分與合:香港媒介結構、新聞自由和政權遞嬗〉,李金銓(編),《超越西方霸權—傳媒與文化中國的現代性》,頁 205-238。香港:牛津出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deuze, M. & Yeshua, D. (2001). Online journalists face new ethical dilemmas: Lessons from the Netherlands. Journal of Mass Ethics, 16(4), 273-292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deuze, M. (2003). The web and its journalism: considering the consequences of different types of newsmedia online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203–30.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deuze, M. (2004). What is multimedia journalism? Journalism Studies, 5(2), 139-152.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donsbach, W. & Klett, B. (1993). Subjective objectivity: How journalists in four countries define a key term of their profession. Gazette, 51, 53-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Drew, D.G. (1975). Reporters attitudes, expected meetings with source and journalistic objectivity. Journalism Quarterly, 52(2), 219–224.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dryzek, J. S. (2005). The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourse. Oxford and London: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eksterowicz, A. J. (2000). The history and development of public journalism. In A. J. Eksterowicz & R. N. Roberts (Eds.), Public journalism and political knowledge (pp. 3-20). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ettema, J. S. & Glasser, T. L. (1998). Custodians of conscience: Investigative journalism and public virtue. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fenton, N. (2010). Drowning or waving? New media, journalism and democracy. In N. Fenton (Ed.), New media, old news: Journalism & democracy in the digital age (pp. 3-16). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fishbane, D. M. (1998). I, thou, and we: A dialogical approach to couples therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24(1), 41–58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李茂政(2005)。《新聞學新論》。台北:風雲論壇出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fiske, J. (1987). Television Culture. London, UK: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Friend, C. (2007). Traditions, conventions, and ethics. In C. Friend & J. B. Singer (Eds.), Online journalism ethics: traditional and transitions (pp.3-27). Armonk & NY: M.E. Sharpe.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gade, P. (1996). Values in the newspaper industry: ‘Market-driven’ journalism`s impact on the newsroom. Presented to the media management and economics division Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication conference.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gane, N. & Beer, D. (2008). New media: The Key Concepts. Oxford: Berg.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News. New York, NY: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gans, H. J. (1992). Multiperspective news. In Elliot D. Cohen (ed.), Philosophical Issues in Journalism (pp. 190-204). Oxford, NY: Oxford Univ. Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gerbner, G. (1964). Ideological perspectives and political tendencies in news reporting. Journalism Quarterly, 41(3), 495–508.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glasgow University Media Group. (1976). Bad news. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glasgow University Media Group. (1980). More bad news. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glasgow University Media Group. (1985). War and peace news. Milton Keynes and Philadelphia: Open University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李蕙怡(2008)。《電視與報紙選舉新聞偏差現象之研究—以2008年總統大選為例》。屏東教育大學社會發展學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glasgow University Media Group. (1993). Getting the message. News truth and power. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ha, L. & James, E. L. (1998). Interactivity Reexamined: A Baseline Analysis of Early Business Web Sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 457-474.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Halloran, J. D., Elliott, P., & Murdock, G. (1970). Demonstrations and communication. A case study. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hamilton, J. (2004). News on the net. In J. Hamilton (Ed.), All the News That`s Fit to Sell (pp. 190-214). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hammond, S. C., Anderson, R., & Cissna, K. N. (2003). The problematics of dialogue and power. Communication Yearbook, 27, 125-157.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heinonen, A. (1999). Journalism in the Age of the Net. Tampere: Acta Universitatis Tamperensis.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heller, A. (1982). Habermas and Marxism. In J. Thompson & D. Held (Eds.), Habermas: Critical debates (pp.21-41). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Herbert, J. (2000). Journalism in the digital age: Theory and practice for broadcast, print and on-line media. Oxford, MA: Focal Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hilton, J. (1987). Performance. Houndmills: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoffman, D. L. & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李金銓 (1981)。《大眾傳播理論》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Iggers, J. (1998). Good News, Bad News: Journalism Ethics and the Public Interest. Boulder, CL: Westview Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Inglis, F. (1990). Media theory: An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kawamoto, K. ( 2003). Digital journalism: Emerging media and the changing horizons of journalism. In K. Kawamoto (Ed.), Digital journalism: Emerging media and the changing horizons of journalism ( pp. 1-29). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kerrick, J. S., Anderson, T. E., & Swales, L.B. (1964). Balance and the writer’s attitude towards stories and editorials. Journalism Quarterly, 41, 207–215.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kiousis, S. (2002) Interactivity: A Concept Explication. New Media & Society, 4(3), 355-383.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ko, H., Cho, C., & Roberts, M. S. (2005). Internet Uses and Gratifications: A structural equation model of interactive advertising. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 57-70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kovach, B. & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The elements of journalism - What newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lane, L. L. (2001). A reexamination of the canon of objectivity in American journalism. Unpublished master thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lasica, J.D. (1996). Net gain. American Journalism Review, 18(9), 20-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Levinson, P.(2009). New New Media. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & bacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 杜耀明、聶依文(2000)。〈客觀報導與公眾服務—一九九八年香港立法會選舉電視採訪報導研究〉,《廣播與電視》,15: 1-36。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lichtenberg, J. (2000). In Defence of Objectivity Revisited. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass Media and Society (pp. 239-254). London, NY: Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liebes, T. (1994). Crimes of reporting: The unhappy end of a fact-finding mission in the Bible. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 4(1&2), 135-150zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lipari, L. (2004). Listening for the others: Ethical implications of the Buber-Levinas encounter. Communication Theory, 14(2), 122–41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lippmann, W. (1920). Liberty and the news. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Hone.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Livingstone, S. & Lunt, P. (1994).Talk on television. London, UK: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lyotard, Jean-François (1979[1984]). The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. (from French) by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Foreword by Fredric Jameson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mahood, C., Kalyanaraman, S., & Sundar, S. (2000, August). The effects of erotica and dehumanizing pornography in an online interactive environment. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Phoenix.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Manovich, L. (2002). The language of new media. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marsh, C., Guth, D. W., & Short, B. P. (2009). Strategic writing: Multimedia writing for public relations, advertising and more. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 沈中愷(2006)。《台灣大學生使用網路新聞的動機與行為之研究》。世新大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marzolf, M. T. (1991). Civilizing voices: American press criticism 1880-1950. New York, NY: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Massey, B. L. & Levy, M. R. (1999). Interactivity, Online Journalism, and English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 138-151.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Matheson, D. & Allan, S. (2009). Digital war reporting: Digital media and society series. MA: Polity.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: Let the citizen beware? Newbury Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McNair, B. (2009). News and journalism in the UK. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McQuail, D. (1975). Communication. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s theory of mass communication (4th ed.). London, UK: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mencher, M. (2007). News reporting & writing. Boston, Ma.: McGraw-Hill Humanities.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mirando, J. A. (2001). Embracing objectivity early on: Journalism textbooks of the 1800s. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(1), 23-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 沈錦惠(2005)。〈社群之知 vs. 客觀之知:從電子口語看電子新聞〉,《新聞學研究》,82: 1-40。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morley, D. (1976). Industrial Conflict and the Mass Media. Sociological Review, 24(2), 245-268.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mott, F. (1962). American journalism. Toronto, Canada: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mreeill, J.C., Gade, P. J., & Blevens, F. R. (2001) . Twilight of Press Freedom: The Rise of People’s Journalism. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Newhagen, J. E. (1997). Why communication researchers should study the Internet: A dialogue. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 4-13.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nofsinger, R. E. (1991). Everyday Conversation. Newbury Park: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ogan, C. (1993). Listserv communication during the Gulf War: What kind of medium is the electronic bulletin board? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic media, 37(2), 177-196.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ong, W. (2002). Information and/or communication: Interactions. In T. Farrell & P. Soukup (Eds.), An Ong reader: Challenges for further inquiry (pp. 505-526). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ostertag, B. (2006). People`s movements, people`s press: The journalism of social justice movements. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Parenti, M. ( 1993) . Inventing Reality: The Politics of News media. NY: St. Martin’s Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pavlik, J. V. (2001). Journalism and new media. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 沈薈、周雨譯(2010)。《維繫民主?西方政治與新聞客觀性》,北京:清華大學出版社。(原書Hackett, R.A. & Yuenzhi Zhao [1998]. Sustaining Democracy? Journalism and the Politics of Objectivity. Toronto: Garamond Press.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Phillips, E. B. (1977). Approaches to objectivity: Journalistic versus social science perspectives. In P. M. Hirsch, P. V. Miller, & F. G. Kline (Eds.), Strategies for communication research (pp. 63-77). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: From New Media To Communication. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wieman, & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. (pp. 110-134). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richard, K.(2009). Ethics for journalists. New York, NY: Routledg.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robinson, S. (2010). Traditionalists vs. Convergers: Textual privilege, boundary work, and the journalist-audience relationship in the commenting policies of online news sites. Convergence, 16(1), 125-143.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rogers, E. M. (1986). Communication technology: The new media in society. New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosen, J. (1999). The action of the idea: Public journalism in built form. In T. L. Glasser (Eds.). The idea of public journalism (pp. 21-48). New York: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schiller, D. (1979) An historical approach to objectivity and professionalism in American news reporting. Journal of Communication, 29(2): 46-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schudson, M. (1978). Discovering the news. New York, NY: Basic Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schudson, M. (2001). The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism, 2(2), 149-170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周慶祥(2005)。《網路新聞:理論與實務》。台北:風雲論壇出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schudson, M. (2005). Autonomy from what? In R. Benson & E. Neveu (Eds.), Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field (pp. 214-223). Cambridge: Polity.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schultz, T. (2000). Mass Media and the concept of interactivity: an exploratory study of online forums and reader email. Media. Culture & Society, 22(2), 205-221.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scott, B. (2005). A contemporary history of digital journalism. Television & New Media, 6(1), 89–126.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Silverstone, R. (1999). Introduction: What`s New about New Media? New Media & Society, 1(1), 10-12.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are These Guys? The Online Challenge to the Nation of Journalistic Professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139-163.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singer, J. B. (2004). Strange bedfellows? The diffusion of convergence in four news organizations. Journalism Studies, 5(1), 3-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singer, J. B. (2007). Bloggers and other Participatory Journalists. In C. Friend & J. B. Singer (Eds.), Online journalism ethics: traditional and transitions (pp. 115-150). Armonk & NY: M.E. Sharpe.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Soffer, O. (2009). The competing ideals of objectivity and dialogue in American journalism. Journalism, 10 (4), 473-491.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Soloski, J. (1989). News reporting and professionalism: some constraints on reporting of the news. Media, Culture and Society, 11, 207-228.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sparks, G. (2006). Media Effects Research: A Basic Overview. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林敬恆(2004)。《新資訊傳播科技脈落下的文字記者工作技能之研究》。中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Staab, J. F. (1990). The role of news factors in news selection: A theoretical reconsideration. European Journal of Communication, 5, 423-443.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Streckfuss, R. (1990). Objectivity in journalism: A search and a reassessment. Journalism Quarterly, 67 (4), 973-983.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thompson, P. (1988). The Voice of the Past: Oral History. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thorsen, E. (2008). Journalistic objectivity redefined? Wikinews and the neutral point of view. New Media & Society, 10(6), 935-954.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York, NY: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuchman, G.(1972). Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An Examination of Newsman’s Notions of Objectivity. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660-679.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuchman, G. (1999). Objectivity as strategic ritual: An examination of newsmen’s notions of objectivity. In H. Tumber (Ed.), News: A reader (pp. 297-307). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ulmer, G. (2002). Internet invention: From literacy to electracy. New York, NY: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ward, S. J. A. & Wasserman, H. (2010). Toward an open ethics: Implications of new media platforms for global ethics discourse. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 25, 275-292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wellman, B. & Gulia, M. (1999). Net Surfers don’t Ride Alone. In B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in The Global Village (pp. 331-366). Boulder, CO: Westview.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林照真(1987)。《從新聞報導實例探討新聞客觀性之體現》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Westerstahl, J. (1983). Objective news reporting. Communication Research, 10, 403-424.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) White, D. M. (1950). The gate keeper: A case study in the selection of news. Journalism Quarterly, 27, 383-390.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkins, L. & Christians, C. G. (2009). The handbook of mass media ethics. New York, NY: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkinson, J. S., Grant, A. E., & Fisher, D. J. (2009). Principles of convergent journalism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Williams, E. (2007). Grassroots Journalism: A Practical Manual. Boston, MA: Dollars and Sense.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wulfemeyer, K. T. (2006). Online newswriting. Iowa: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、 網路文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 卡比獸(2008年12月25日)。〈捷運南港站 問題大了!〉,《Peopo公民新聞平台》。取自:http://www.peopo.org/portal.php?op=finePrint&articleId=29305zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 何醒邦、羅介妤(2011 年 10 月 23 日)。〈立委提案:部落客薦證不實須連帶賠償〉,《聯合新聞網》。取自http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/a38350237/article?mid=90353zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳育剛(2011年3月2日)。〈顛覆傳統新聞報導〉,《網路城邦》。取自 http://blog.udn.com/tzongchuhu/4938308zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林照真(2005)。〈「置入性行銷」:新聞與廣告倫理的雙重崩壞〉,《中華傳播學刊》,8: 27-40。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林少予(2007年2月9日)。<發展電子報 紐約时報恐停印>,《聯合報》。取自http://www.wretch.cc/blog/fsj/6091631zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林佳誼(2011年2月20日)。〈網路與革命〉,《中時電子報》。取自:http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E8%88%87%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD-20110219-100635-769.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林秉鴻(2003年4月23日至5月3日)。〈和平醫院SARS 隔離日記〉。取自http://web.archive.org/web/20040616173054/wiki.newzilla.org/SARSQuarantineDiaryzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林金玉(2011年3月30日)。<匯流時代持續變動的新聞地景—2011年美國新聞媒體發展趨勢與觀察>,「公共電視研究發展部」。取自http://rnd.pts.org.tw/p1/2011/03/News%20Landscope-2011%20USA.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 唐慧文(2005年10月20日)。〈美參議員:部落客不算正牌記者〉,《苦勞網》。取自http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/3797zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫窮理(2010年05月22日)。〈對公共化和媒體的回應〉,「2010媒體公民會議」。取自http://2011mediareform.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_22.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫窮理(2011年10月30日)。〈遠雄下月定輸贏 松菸聯盟遊行「搗蛋」〉,《苦勞網》。取自http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/64721zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國家通訊傳播委員會(2011年11月28日)。〈100年寬頻上網帳號數〉【公告】。台北市:國家通訊傳播委員會。取自http://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/news_detail.aspx?site_content_sn=2035&is_history=0&pages=0&sn_f=22666zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳百齡(1998年3月)。〈傳播科技與新聞倫理〉,「政治大學傳播學院新聞工作人員在職進修課程─新聞倫理再出發研討會」。台北市木柵。取自http://ethic.commarts.fju.edu.tw/th/%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳順孝(2011)。〈公民新聞〉,『阿孝「新聞學」教學網站』。取自https://sites.google.com/site/jour328/Home/xin-wen-gu-shizh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林照真(2006)。《記者,你為什麼不反叛》。台北:天下雜誌出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭家發(2009)。〈新聞客觀性存廢論平議〉,《卓越新聞獎基金會》。取自http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news003/article.php?storyid=207zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 斯特瑞克(2008)。〈斯特瑞克的戰地日記─北上72小時的清剿任務 機會只有一次〉,《聚友博客》。取自http://blog.myspace.cn/e/402726687.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖漢原(2011年10月9日)。〈佔領華爾街社群網站發聲〉,《中央社》。取自http://n.yam.com/cna/fn/201110/20111009421353.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭國威(2010年03月06日)。〈看完關於貴婦奈奈的幾篇文章,我完全支持貴婦奈奈。〉,《龜趣來嘻》。取自http://www.bigsound.org/portnoy/weblog/006949.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭國威(2011年10月10日)。〈當一切都成為網路─網路動員與公民新聞〉,《數位文化學院》。取自http://d-academy.tw/archives/1847zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭裕民(2011年7月29日)。〈牽手?競逐?網路新傳媒的崛起 對傳統傳媒是福是禍?〉,《卓越新聞獎基金會》。取自http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news003/article.php?storyid=780zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Associated Press (2011, March). Facts & Figures. Retrieved from ap.org web site: http://www.ap.org/pages/about/about.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC (2005年7月9日)。<照相手機零距離報道倫敦爆炸現場>,《BBC中文網》。取自http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4660000/newsid_4668400/4668423.stmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brockus, S. (2009, Dept.). Rethinking the Reader’s Role in Community Journalism. Paper presented at Newspapers and Community-Building Symposium XV, Mobile, Ala. Retrieved from nnaweb.org web site: http://www.nnaweb.org/acts2009/presentations/brockus.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cobb, F. I. (1919, Dec. 11). The press and public opinion: an address delivered before the Women`s City Club of New York. Retrieved from ebooksread.com web site: http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/frank-i-cobb/the-press-and-public-opinion--an-address-delivered-before-the-womens-city-club-ala/1-the-press-and-public-opinion--an-address-delivered-before-the-womens-city-club-ala.shtmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林照真(2011a)。〈因為科技,新聞正處於改變的轉捩點上?〉,《傳播研究與實踐》,1(1): 25-34。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dube, J. (2003, April 15). A Bloggers` Code of Ethics. Retrieved from cyberjournalist.net web site: http://www.cyberjournalist.net/news/000215.phpzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Epiphany, C. (2006, January 11). BBC: How mobiles changed the face of news. Retrieved from smartmobs.com web site: http://www.smartmobs.com/2006/01/11/bbc-how-mobiles-changed-the-face-of-news/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Giles, J. (2005, Dec. 14). Special report: Internet encyclopedias go head to head. Nature. Retrieved from nature.com web site: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Giles, J. (2008, June 20). Do we need an open Britannica? Retrieved from guardian.co.uk web site: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/jun/20/wikipediazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huffington Post (2011, March 16). Twitter, Facebook Become Vital During Japan Earthquake. Huffington Post. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com web site: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/11/twitter-facebook-become-v_n_834767.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Internet World Stats (2011, March). World Internet Usage And Population Statistics. Retrieved from internetworldstats.com web site: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jones, A. S. (2004, July 18). Bloggers Are the Sizzle, Not the Steak. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from latimes.com web site: http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jul/18/opinion/oe-jones18zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) LASICA, J. (2005, February 17). The cost of ethics: Influence peddling in the blogosphere. Retrieved from Online Journalism Review web site: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050217lasica/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacKinnon, Rebecca (2008, Jan. 13). Journalism 2.0: The Future of News. Retrieved from NCCU web site: http://www.commrd.nccu.edu.tw/material/photo/pdf/journalism-20-the-future-of-news.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Netcraft. (2011, Feb. 15). February 2011 Web Server Survey. Retrieved from netcraft.com web site: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2011/02/15/february-2011-web-server-survey.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林照真(2011b 年 7 月)。〈探索數位新聞聚合現象-以台灣手機新聞為例〉,「2011 中華傳播學年會」,新竹市交通大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Orlowski, A. (2006, March 23). Nature Mag Cooked Wikipedia Study. Retrieved from theregister.co.uk web site: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/03/23/britannica_wikipedia_nature_study/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Outing, S. (2002, March 13). Interactive news is newspaper-wide effort in Spokane. Retrieved from allbusiness.com web site: http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services-miscellaneous-business/4691872-1.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pew Research Center (2011, March 14). The Stae of American News Media 2011. In The Project for Excellence in Journalism. Retrieved from stateofthemedia.org site: http://stateofthemedia.org/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pryor, L. (2002, April 18). The Third Wave of Online Journalism. Retrieved from Online Journalism Review web site: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/future/1019174689.phpzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosen, J. (2010, Sept. 06). The Journalists Formerly Known as the Media: My Advice to the Next Generation. Jay Rosen: Public Notebook. Retrieved from jayrosen.posterous.com web site: http://jayrosen.posterous.com/the-journalists-formerly-known-as-the-media-mzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The Huffington Post. (2011, March 11). Twitter, Facebook Become Vital During Japan Earthquake. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com web site: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/11/twitter-facebook-become-v_n_834767.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ward, M. (2006, March 24). Finding a role in the realm of the blogger. Press Gazette. Retrieved from pressgazette.co.uk web site: http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=33601§ioncode=1zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weinberger, D. (2009, July 19). Transparency is the new objectivity. Retrieved from advisoranalyst.com web site: http://advisoranalyst.com/advisor/2010/03/30/transparency-is-the-new-objectivity/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wikinews (2005). Wikinews: Neutral Point of View. Retrieved from wikinews.org web site: http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Neutral_point_of_viewzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林鶴玲(2001)。〈數位新聞時代的倫理挑戰─台灣網路新聞發展的一些經驗〉,《亞洲研究》,39: 74-114。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 施盈廷(2003)。〈資訊時代的新聞概念─小寫新聞的誕生〉,《資訊社會研究》,4: 181-210。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 施盈廷(2007 年 7 月)。〈找尋民主參與的新典範──從上街頭到上維基百科〉,「2007 中華傳播學年會」,新北市淡江大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 施盈廷(2009)。〈維基新聞─全民參與新聞媒體的可能方案〉,《臺大新聞論壇》,8: 31-74。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 紀慧君(2003)。《建構新聞事實:定位與權力》。政治大學新聞學系博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 夏鑄九、王志弘、殷寶寧、溫蓓章、黃麗玲、魏慶嘉譯(2000)。《網絡社會之崛起》。台北:唐山出版社。(原書Castells, M. [2000]. The rise of the network society. Malden, MA: Blackwell.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐孟延、蘇蘅(2011 年 7 月)。〈多媒介時代的新聞與倫理:民眾的新聞暴露、媒介信任與倫理觀〉,「2011 中華傳播學年會」,新竹市交通大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁秀琪、許傳陽、蘇湘琦、楊韶彧、葉瓊瑜(1997)。《新聞與社會真實建構-大眾媒體、官方消息來源與社會運動的三角關係》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁秀琪、鍾蔚文、簡妙如、邱承君(1999)。〈似假還真的新聞文本世界—新聞如何呈現超經驗事件〉,《新聞學研究》,58: 59-83。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 袁文麗(2008)。〈在對話中傳播 在傳播中對話─巴赫金對話理論的傳播學意義〉,《山西大學學報》,31(6): 120-124。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張昆(2007)。〈馬克思恩格斯的新聞專業理想〉,《新聞記者》,9: 5-8。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張杰(1998)。〈編選者序〉,張杰(編)《巴赫金集》,頁 1-13。上海:上海遠東出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張郁敏、彭賢恩(2008)。〈政治置入性新聞對新聞可信度的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,95: 55-11。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張培芬(2005)。《開店秘笈》。台北:聯經出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張寶芳(2006)。〈網路新聞學概說〉,彭家發、蘇蘅、張寶芳、金溥聰(編),《新聞學(一)-新聞學新論》,頁 308-328。台北:國立空中大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許燕(2005)。《新聞報導的客觀性原理研究》。上海復旦大學新聞學院博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許瓊文(2009)。〈新聞記者採訪報導受害者應面對的新聞倫理:多元觀點的論證〉,《新聞學研究》,100: 1-55。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳芸芸、劉慧雯譯(2003)。《特新大眾傳播理論》,台北:韋伯文化。(原書McQuail, D. [2000]. Mass Communication Theory. CA: Sage.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳秋雲(2005)。《網路媒體對新聞產製及專業之影響:個案分析(2000-2005年)》。政治大學新聞學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳紅豔(2005)。〈對策劃性新聞客觀性的理倫探討〉,《上海工程技術大學教育研究》,4: 61-64。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳雅玫譯(2006)。《新聞文化》,台北:書林。(原書Stuart Allan. [2004]. News Culture. Buckingham, UK: UP.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳順孝(2003)。《新聞控制與反控制》。台北:五南出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 單波(1999)。〈重建新聞客觀性原理〉,《新聞學研究》,61: 247-258。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 喬新生(2011)。〈新聞客觀性的基本內涵〉,《青年記者》,10: 38-39。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭芸(2007)。《媒介管理者認知新聞專業性及組織衝突之研究》。(國科會專題研究計劃,95-2412-H-004-012)。台北:政治大學新聞系。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭芸(2008)。《21世紀新聞學與新聞學研究》。台北:雙葉。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭家發(1992)。《新聞論》。台北:三民出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭家發(1994)。《新聞客觀性原理》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃守義、許詩嫺譯(2008)。〈從多元研究傳統探討互動性模型、使用者、文件與系統〉,《新媒介科技手冊》,頁 409-458。台北:韋伯文化。(原書McMillan, S. [2006]. Exploring models of interactivity from multiple research traditions: users, documents and systems. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (pp. 205-229). London: Sage.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃國瑋(2008)。《審議民主的新聞報導-以公民會議為例》。世新大學新聞學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊志弘(2001)。〈網路媒體的互動功能之探討──兼論互動網路新聞的發展〉,《傳播管理學刊》,3(1): 1-20。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊慧娟譯(2006)。《網路新聞學:新媒體的應用實務與展望》,台北:五南。(原書Stovall, J. G. [2004]. Web Journalism: Practice and Promise of a New Medium. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 賈澤林譯(2009)。〈論行為哲學〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第一卷》,頁 3-75。石家莊:河北教育出版社。(原書Bakhtin. M. M. [1993/1972]. Toward a philosophy of the act. University of Texas Press.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臧國仁(1998)。〈新聞報導與真實建構:新聞框架理論的觀點〉,《傳播研究集刊》,第三集。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臧國仁(1999)。《新聞媒體與消息來源:媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 語冰譯(2000)。《米哈伊爾.巴赫金》,北京:中國人民大學出版社。(原書Clark, K. & Holquist, M. [1984]. Mikhail Bakhtin. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉自強譯(1999)。《從文本到行動》,北京:北京大學出版社。(原書Olivier Mongin. [1998]. Paul Ricoeur. French: Seuil.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉昌德(2007)。〈媒體倫理的政治經濟學:國家、資本、與新聞專業規範的流變〉,《中華傳播學刊》,11: 111-153。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉靜怡(2009)。〈數位時代的「記者特權」:以美國法制之發展為論述中心〉,《新聞學研究》,98: 139-192。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡之國、潘佳佳(2010)。〈客觀真實與主觀傾向之間的新聞敘事〉,《南通大學學報》,26(6): 126-130。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡鴻濱(2005 年 7 月)。〈部落格與公共領域的實踐:以「南方社區文化網絡」為例〉,「2005 中華傳播學年會」,台北市台灣大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄧麗萍(2005)。《從爭議性新聞探討客觀報導與事實建構》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曉河譯(2009)。〈1961年筆記〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第四卷》,頁 322-365。石家莊:河北教育出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭嚴譯(2005)。《報紙的良知》,北京:中國人民大學出版社。(原書Flint, L. N. [1925]. The conscience of the newspaper: A case book in the principles and problems of journalism. D. Appleton and Company.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 錢中文(2009)。〈理論是可以常青的──論巴赫金的意義〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第一卷》,頁 1-69。石家莊:河北教育出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 錢中文譯(2009)。〈關於陀思妥耶夫斯基長篇小說的複調性〉,錢中文(編),《巴赫金全集:第四卷》,頁 416-426。石家莊:河北教育出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姜雪影、彭春美譯(2000)。《製作新聞》,台北:遠流出版社。(原書Roshco, B. [1975]. Newsmaking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝靜(2009)。《美國的新聞媒介批評》。北京:中國人民大學出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝瀛春(1997)。〈數位媒介對大眾傳播的革命性挑戰〉,謝瀛春(編),《資訊科技對人文、社會的衝擊與影響期末研究報告》,頁 127-146。台北:中央研究院資訊科學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 魏炫譯(2001)。《巴赫金:對話與狂歡》,石家莊:河北教育出版社。(原書北岡誠司 [1998].《バフチン:対話とカーニヴァル》。日本東京:講談社。)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅文輝(1991)。《精確新聞報導》。台北:正中書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅文輝、蘇蘅、林元輝(1998)。〈如何提升新聞的正確性:一種新查證方法的實驗設計〉,《新聞學研究》,56: 269-296。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅世宏譯(2006)。《傳播理論──起源、應用與方法》,台北:五南出版社。(原書為Severin, W. J. & Tankard, Jr J. W. [1998]. Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media (4th Edition). Longman Publishers.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅耀宗、黃貝玲、蔡宏明譯(2009)。《N世代衝撞:網路新人類正在改變你的世界》。台北:麥格羅希爾。(原書Tapscott, D. [2008]. Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. US: McGraw-Hill.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蘇碩斌譯(2009)。《媒介文化論:給媒介學習者的15講》。台北:群學。(原書吉見俊哉 [2004]. 《メディア文化論:メディアを学ぶ人のための15話》。東京:有斐閣。)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 西文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alioto, A. (1987). A History of Western Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Altschull, J. H. (1984). Agents of power: The role of the news media in human affairs. New York, NY: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, R., Dardenne, R., & Killenberg, G. (1994). The conversation of journalism: Communication, community, and news. Westport, CT: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Artwick, C. G. (2004). Reporting and producing for digital media. Iowa: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ball-Rokeach, S.J. & Reardon, K. (1988). Monologue, dialogue and telelogue: comparing an emerging form of communication with traditional forms. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wieman & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. (pp.135-161). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beckett, C. & Mansell, R. (2008) Crossing boundaries: new media and networked journalism. Communication, Culture & Critique, 1(1), 92-104.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beckett, C. (2008). SuperMedia: Saving journalism so it can save the world. Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bell, D. (1979). The Social Framework of the Information Society. In T. Foster (Ed.), The Microelectronics Revolution (pp. 500-549). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, W. (1996). News: the Politics of Illusion. New York, NY: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blattberg, R. C. & Deighton, J. (1991). Interactive marketing: Exploring the age of addressability. Sloan Management Review, 33(1), 5-14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blood, R. (2002). The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boudana, S. (2011). A definition of journalistic objectivity as a performance. Media, Culture & Society, 33(3), 385-398.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boyer, J. H. (1981). How Editors View Objectivity. Journalism Quarterly, 58(1), 24-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Breed, W. (1955). Social control in the newsroom. A Functional Analysis Social Force, 33, 326-335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brinton, C. (1963). Shaping of Modern Thought. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buber ,M. (1965). The Knowledge of Man: A philosophy of the interhuman (M. Friedman, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buber, M. (1999[1937]). I and thou. (trans. R. G. Smith.) Edinburgh: T&T Clark.zh_TW