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題名 台灣不動產投資信託基金的價格是否存在過度恐慌?
Does the price of REITs in Taiwan exist excess fear?作者 沈容光 貢獻者 杜化宇
沈容光關鍵詞 不動產投資信託基金
恐慌指數
槓桿效果
抗跌性日期 2011 上傳時間 30-十月-2012 10:14:01 (UTC+8) 摘要 早期國外學者指出不動產投資信託基金具有「低風險」與「防禦性」的特質,簡稱為「抗跌性」與「反槓桿效果」,亦即除了與大盤相關性較低之外,市場的負向衝擊對於其報酬的影響比正向衝擊來的小。為了瞭解台灣不動產投資信託基金的價格是否存在過度恐慌,本文分成兩部分著眼:過去的研究大都著手在不動產投資信託基金的價格上,而忽略其為封閉型基金的特性,故本文先從「封閉型基金」角度,以因素分析擷取其共同因子,再利用BGARCH模型,探討共同因子與台灣VIX指數變化間是否存在不對稱效果。第二則是將不動產投資信託基金折溢價進行拆解,分為價格與資產淨值,運用相同方式重新觀察反槓桿效果,探討台灣不動產投資信託基金的價格是否存在過度恐慌。 本研究得到一些與過去文獻不同的結論:1.若市場出現正向或是負向衝擊,台灣不動產投資信託基金折溢價的波動會上升, 且過去的衝擊持續性強,反應財務資料呈現的波動叢集性。2.不動產投資信託基金價格具有「槓桿效果」,市場的負向衝擊會額外增加報酬的波動,並無防禦性特質。3.REITs價格與台灣VIX指數變動具有顯著相關,而資產淨值則無此現象,證明台灣不動產投資信託基金價格相對於資產淨值存在過度恐慌的現象。 參考文獻 1. 陳順宇,多變量分析,四版,民國94年,華泰文化公司出版2. 楊奕農,時間序列分析 ─ 經濟與財務上之應用,二版,民國98年,雙葉書廊有 限公司3. 陳旭昇,時間序列分析 ─ 總體經濟與財務金融之應用,民國98年,台灣東華書 局4. Tsay, Ruey S.(2005) Analysis of Financial Time Series, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics5. 蔡怡純、陳明吉,“台北地區不動產價格波動不對稱性探討”,中華民國住宅學 會學報,民國九十七年十二月,第十七卷第二期,1-11頁6. 王健安、張金鶚,“臺灣 REITs 與 REATs 發行個案之典型事實分析”,臺灣 銀行季刊,民國九十八年十二月,第六十卷第四期,169-223頁7. 許君毅,“風險觀點下探討台灣 REITs 的關聯性分析- 結合主成份分析法之 實證”,會計與財金研究,民國九十九年一月,第三卷第一期,55-71頁8. 蔡怡純、胥愛琦、陳明吉,“不動產投資信託基金變得更危險了嗎? 亞洲市場實 證研究”,經濟與管理論叢,民國九十九年七月,第六卷第二期, 271-298頁9. 蔡怡純,“台灣不動產投資信託基金之抗跌與風險特性”,中華民國住宅學會學 報,民國一百年六月,第二十卷第一期,25-58頁10. 蔡怡純、陳明吉、張光亮,“台灣不動產投資信託基金具有防禦性嗎?”,證券 市場發展季刊,民國一百年,第二十三卷第三期,199-224.頁11. Anderson Seth, T. R. Beard, H. Kim and L. V. Stern (2011) “Fear and Closed-End Fund Discounts: Investor Sentiment revisited, ” Journal of Economic Literature, C32, G01, G1212. Agyei-Ampomah, S. and J. R. Davies (2005) “Excess Volatility and UK Investment Trusts, ” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 32, Nos. 5 & 6 , 1033–6213. Boudreaux, Kenneth J (1973) “Discounts and Premiums on Closed-End Mutual Funds: A Study in Valuation,” The Journal of Finance, Vol. 28, No. 214. Black, F. (1976) “Studies in Stock Price Volatility Changes,” Proceedings of the 1976 Business Meeting of the Business and Economics Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, 177-18115. Bollerslev, T.(1986) “Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity,” Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307-328.16. Bollerslev, T., R.F. Engle and J.M. Wooldridge (1988), “A Capital Asset Pricing Model with Time-Varying Covariances”, Journal of Political Economy, 96, 116-13117. Bollerslev, T. (1990) “Modelling the Coherence in Short- Run Nominal Exchange Rate: A Multivariate Generalized ARCH Approach,” Review of Economics and Statistic, 72, 498-50518. Barkham, R., and Ward, C. W.(1999) “Investor sentiment and noise traders: discount to net asset value in listed property companies in the UK.,” Journal of Real Estate Research, 18(2), 291 – 312.19. Chan, K.C. Patric H. Hendershott, and Anthony B. Sanders (1990) “Risk and Return on Real Estate: Evidence from Equity REITs,” Working paper, National Bureau of Economic Research20. Chen Nai-Fu, Kan R. and Merton H. Miller (1993) “Are the Discounts on Closed-End Funds a Sentiment Index,”Journal of Finance, Vol. 48, No. 2, 795-80021. Capozza, D. and S. Lee (1995) “Property Type, Size and REIT Value,” Journal of Real Estate Research, 10, 363- 379.22. Clayton, J., MacKinnon, G. (2001) “Explaining the discount to NAV in REIT pricing: Noise or information? ,” Working Paper, RERI 23. De Long, J. Bradford, Andrei Shleifer, Larrence H. Summers and Richard J. Waldman (1990) “Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets.” Journal of Political Economy 98, 703-738.24. Engle, Robert F. (1982) “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation,” Econometrica, 50: 987-1007.25. Engle, Robert F. and Kenneth F. Kroner. (1995) “Multivariate Simultaneous Generalized Arch,” Econometric Theory, Vol. 11, No. 1, 122-15026. Engle, Robert F. and Kevin Sheppard (2001) “Theoretical and Empirical properties of Dynamic Conditional Correlation Multivariate GARCH, ” NBER Working Papers 8554, National Bureau of Economic Research27. Engle, Robert (2002) “Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models, ” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 20, 339-350.28. Glascock, J. L., D. Michayluk and K. Neuhauser. (2004) “The Riskiness of REITs Surrounding the October 1997 Stock Market Decline,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 28(4): 339-35429. Gentry, William M., C. Jones and C. Mayer (2004) “REIT Reversion: Stock Price Adjustments to Fundamental Value,” Working Paper, Columbia University30. Lee, Charles M. C., Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler (1990) “Anomalies: Closed-End Fund Mutual Funds.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 4.4, 154-64.31. Lee, Charles M. C., Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler (1991) “Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle.” Journal of Finance, 66.1, 75-10932. Lin Crystal Yan, Hamid Rahman and Kenneth Yung (2009) “Investor Sentiment and REIT Returns,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Vol.39, Number 4, 450-471.33. Pontiff, Jeffrey (1997) “Excess volatility and closed- end funds,”The American Review, Vol.87, No.1, 155-16934. Patel, Kanak, Ricardo A. M. G. Pereira and Kirill V. Zavodov (2009) “Mean Reversion in REITs Discount to NAV,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics DOI 10.100735. Sims, Christopher A. (1980) “Macroeconomics and reality, ”Econometrica, 48(1), 1-4836. Silverio, Foresi & Liuren Wu (2005) “Crash-o-Phobia:A Domestic Fear or a Worldwide Concern?” Journal of Derivatives, Vol. 13, No. 2, 8-2137. Sung Yong Park, Sang Young Jei (2010) “Estimation and Hedging Effectiveness of Time-varying Hedge Ratio:Flexible Bivariate GARCH Approachs,”Journal of Futures Markets, Vol.30, No.1, 71-9938. Whaley, Robert E. (2000) “The Investor Fear Gauge,” Journal of Portfolio Management, Vol. 26, No. 3, 12-1739. Zweig, Martin E. (1973) “An Investor Expectations Stock Price Predictive Model Using Closed-end Fund Premiums,” Journal of Finance 28,67-87 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財務管理研究所
99357004
100資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099357004 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 杜化宇 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 沈容光 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 沈容光 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2011 en_US dc.date.accessioned 30-十月-2012 10:14:01 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 30-十月-2012 10:14:01 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-十月-2012 10:14:01 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0099357004 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54177 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 財務管理研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99357004 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 早期國外學者指出不動產投資信託基金具有「低風險」與「防禦性」的特質,簡稱為「抗跌性」與「反槓桿效果」,亦即除了與大盤相關性較低之外,市場的負向衝擊對於其報酬的影響比正向衝擊來的小。為了瞭解台灣不動產投資信託基金的價格是否存在過度恐慌,本文分成兩部分著眼:過去的研究大都著手在不動產投資信託基金的價格上,而忽略其為封閉型基金的特性,故本文先從「封閉型基金」角度,以因素分析擷取其共同因子,再利用BGARCH模型,探討共同因子與台灣VIX指數變化間是否存在不對稱效果。第二則是將不動產投資信託基金折溢價進行拆解,分為價格與資產淨值,運用相同方式重新觀察反槓桿效果,探討台灣不動產投資信託基金的價格是否存在過度恐慌。 本研究得到一些與過去文獻不同的結論:1.若市場出現正向或是負向衝擊,台灣不動產投資信託基金折溢價的波動會上升, 且過去的衝擊持續性強,反應財務資料呈現的波動叢集性。2.不動產投資信託基金價格具有「槓桿效果」,市場的負向衝擊會額外增加報酬的波動,並無防禦性特質。3.REITs價格與台灣VIX指數變動具有顯著相關,而資產淨值則無此現象,證明台灣不動產投資信託基金價格相對於資產淨值存在過度恐慌的現象。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………4第一節 研究背景…………………………………………………………………………………4第二節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………………………7第三節 論文架構與研究流程……………………………………………………………11第貳章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………………………12第一節 REITs與封閉型基金相關文獻回顧…………………………………12第二節 波動度指數VIX的資訊內涵………………………………………………21第三節 GARCH模型回顧……………………………………………………………………22第参章 研究方法…………………………………………………………………………………28第一節 因素分析…………………………………………………………………………………28第二節 Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF)檢定……………30第三節 不對稱BGARCH模型……………………………………………………………31第四節 模型比較準則…………………………………………………………………………34第肆章 實證分析與結果……………………………………………………………………35第一節 資料選取說明…………………………………………………………………………35第二節 實證結果…………………………………………………………………………………45第伍章 結論…………………………………………………………………………………………65參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………………………67附件一 台灣8檔REITs簡介……………………………………………………………71 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099357004 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 不動產投資信託基金 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 恐慌指數 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 槓桿效果 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抗跌性 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 台灣不動產投資信託基金的價格是否存在過度恐慌? zh_TW dc.title (題名) Does the price of REITs in Taiwan exist excess fear? en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. 陳順宇,多變量分析,四版,民國94年,華泰文化公司出版2. 楊奕農,時間序列分析 ─ 經濟與財務上之應用,二版,民國98年,雙葉書廊有 限公司3. 陳旭昇,時間序列分析 ─ 總體經濟與財務金融之應用,民國98年,台灣東華書 局4. Tsay, Ruey S.(2005) Analysis of Financial Time Series, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics5. 蔡怡純、陳明吉,“台北地區不動產價格波動不對稱性探討”,中華民國住宅學 會學報,民國九十七年十二月,第十七卷第二期,1-11頁6. 王健安、張金鶚,“臺灣 REITs 與 REATs 發行個案之典型事實分析”,臺灣 銀行季刊,民國九十八年十二月,第六十卷第四期,169-223頁7. 許君毅,“風險觀點下探討台灣 REITs 的關聯性分析- 結合主成份分析法之 實證”,會計與財金研究,民國九十九年一月,第三卷第一期,55-71頁8. 蔡怡純、胥愛琦、陳明吉,“不動產投資信託基金變得更危險了嗎? 亞洲市場實 證研究”,經濟與管理論叢,民國九十九年七月,第六卷第二期, 271-298頁9. 蔡怡純,“台灣不動產投資信託基金之抗跌與風險特性”,中華民國住宅學會學 報,民國一百年六月,第二十卷第一期,25-58頁10. 蔡怡純、陳明吉、張光亮,“台灣不動產投資信託基金具有防禦性嗎?”,證券 市場發展季刊,民國一百年,第二十三卷第三期,199-224.頁11. Anderson Seth, T. R. Beard, H. Kim and L. V. Stern (2011) “Fear and Closed-End Fund Discounts: Investor Sentiment revisited, ” Journal of Economic Literature, C32, G01, G1212. Agyei-Ampomah, S. and J. R. Davies (2005) “Excess Volatility and UK Investment Trusts, ” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 32, Nos. 5 & 6 , 1033–6213. Boudreaux, Kenneth J (1973) “Discounts and Premiums on Closed-End Mutual Funds: A Study in Valuation,” The Journal of Finance, Vol. 28, No. 214. Black, F. (1976) “Studies in Stock Price Volatility Changes,” Proceedings of the 1976 Business Meeting of the Business and Economics Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, 177-18115. Bollerslev, T.(1986) “Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity,” Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307-328.16. Bollerslev, T., R.F. Engle and J.M. Wooldridge (1988), “A Capital Asset Pricing Model with Time-Varying Covariances”, Journal of Political Economy, 96, 116-13117. Bollerslev, T. (1990) “Modelling the Coherence in Short- Run Nominal Exchange Rate: A Multivariate Generalized ARCH Approach,” Review of Economics and Statistic, 72, 498-50518. Barkham, R., and Ward, C. W.(1999) “Investor sentiment and noise traders: discount to net asset value in listed property companies in the UK.,” Journal of Real Estate Research, 18(2), 291 – 312.19. Chan, K.C. Patric H. Hendershott, and Anthony B. Sanders (1990) “Risk and Return on Real Estate: Evidence from Equity REITs,” Working paper, National Bureau of Economic Research20. Chen Nai-Fu, Kan R. and Merton H. Miller (1993) “Are the Discounts on Closed-End Funds a Sentiment Index,”Journal of Finance, Vol. 48, No. 2, 795-80021. Capozza, D. and S. Lee (1995) “Property Type, Size and REIT Value,” Journal of Real Estate Research, 10, 363- 379.22. Clayton, J., MacKinnon, G. (2001) “Explaining the discount to NAV in REIT pricing: Noise or information? ,” Working Paper, RERI 23. De Long, J. Bradford, Andrei Shleifer, Larrence H. Summers and Richard J. Waldman (1990) “Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets.” Journal of Political Economy 98, 703-738.24. Engle, Robert F. (1982) “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation,” Econometrica, 50: 987-1007.25. Engle, Robert F. and Kenneth F. Kroner. (1995) “Multivariate Simultaneous Generalized Arch,” Econometric Theory, Vol. 11, No. 1, 122-15026. Engle, Robert F. and Kevin Sheppard (2001) “Theoretical and Empirical properties of Dynamic Conditional Correlation Multivariate GARCH, ” NBER Working Papers 8554, National Bureau of Economic Research27. Engle, Robert (2002) “Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models, ” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 20, 339-350.28. Glascock, J. L., D. Michayluk and K. Neuhauser. (2004) “The Riskiness of REITs Surrounding the October 1997 Stock Market Decline,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 28(4): 339-35429. Gentry, William M., C. Jones and C. Mayer (2004) “REIT Reversion: Stock Price Adjustments to Fundamental Value,” Working Paper, Columbia University30. Lee, Charles M. C., Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler (1990) “Anomalies: Closed-End Fund Mutual Funds.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 4.4, 154-64.31. Lee, Charles M. C., Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler (1991) “Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle.” Journal of Finance, 66.1, 75-10932. Lin Crystal Yan, Hamid Rahman and Kenneth Yung (2009) “Investor Sentiment and REIT Returns,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Vol.39, Number 4, 450-471.33. Pontiff, Jeffrey (1997) “Excess volatility and closed- end funds,”The American Review, Vol.87, No.1, 155-16934. Patel, Kanak, Ricardo A. M. G. Pereira and Kirill V. Zavodov (2009) “Mean Reversion in REITs Discount to NAV,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics DOI 10.100735. Sims, Christopher A. (1980) “Macroeconomics and reality, ”Econometrica, 48(1), 1-4836. Silverio, Foresi & Liuren Wu (2005) “Crash-o-Phobia:A Domestic Fear or a Worldwide Concern?” Journal of Derivatives, Vol. 13, No. 2, 8-2137. Sung Yong Park, Sang Young Jei (2010) “Estimation and Hedging Effectiveness of Time-varying Hedge Ratio:Flexible Bivariate GARCH Approachs,”Journal of Futures Markets, Vol.30, No.1, 71-9938. Whaley, Robert E. (2000) “The Investor Fear Gauge,” Journal of Portfolio Management, Vol. 26, No. 3, 12-1739. Zweig, Martin E. (1973) “An Investor Expectations Stock Price Predictive Model Using Closed-end Fund Premiums,” Journal of Finance 28,67-87 zh_TW