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題名 教廷與中華民國之外交關係 （一九四二年至二○一二年）: 歷史、挑戰與前景
The Diplomatic Relations between the Holy See and the Republic of China from 1942 to 2012: History, Challenges, and Perspectives
作者 鄭天龍
Védrenne, Landry
貢獻者 杜筑生
Tou, Chou Seng
鄭天龍
Védrenne, Landry
關鍵詞 中華民國
教廷
中華人民共和國
中梵外交關係
梵蒂岡大使館
宗教自由
挑戰
困境
僵局
Republic of China
Holy See
People’s Republic of China
Sino-Vatican diplomatic relations
Apostolic Nunciature
religious freedom
challenges
dilemmas
stalemate
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-十月-2012 10:32:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 教廷與中華民國之外交關係
（一九四二年至二○一二年）: 歷史、挑戰與前景
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of China (ROC) and the Holy See were established in 1942. However, after a devastating civil war, the Chinese Communists gained control of Mainland China in 1949 and established the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing. As a consequence, the Nationalist government of the ROC was forced to move from Nanking to Taipei, Taiwan. The Papal representative continued to remain at his post but the Communist government expelled him in 1951. In the following year, the Holy See decided to relocate its Apostolic Nunciature to Taipei and maintain its ties with the ROC. The tensions in the Strait between the two Chinese governments have put the Sino-Vatican relations to several tests. Indeed, the Vatican desires to normalize its relations with the PRC but is also confronted with two major issues imposed by Beijing which requests the direction of the Catholic Church in China and the end of the Holy See’s recognition of Taipei. It would strike a serious blow to Taipei if the Supreme government of the Catholic Church decides to break off diplomatic relations. It will also create a fragile position for Taiwan on the international diplomatic stage since the Holy See, at present, is the only European ally to officially recognize the ROC government. The relations of the Holy See with Taiwan are characterized by a mutually productive and cooperative partnership, especially in the promotion of human rights, culture, world peace and advocacy of religious freedom and alleviation of global poverty. This thesis aims to clarify the triangular situation between the Vatican, the ROC and the PRC and to show the challenges as well as the dilemmas the Holy See is confronted with in order to normalize its relations with China. First, this study explains the international status of the Holy See and its specific mission. Then, through a diachronic analysis, this thesis traces the evolution of Sino-Vatican relations to later on identify the difficulties the Holy See has to face across the Taiwan Strait. Then, it will analyze the efforts of Pope Benedict XVI to initiate a rapprochement with China and all the issues that have to be solved before negotiating any diplomatic ties. Based on this analysis, this thesis will show that the PRC and the Holy See are still at a stalemate and that the Vatican won’t move its Nunciature from Taipei in the foreseeable future.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
99926014
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099926014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 杜筑生zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tou, Chou Sengen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 鄭天龍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Védrenne, Landryen_US
dc.creator (作者) 鄭天龍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Védrenne, Landryen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-十月-2012 10:32:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-十月-2012 10:32:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-十月-2012 10:32:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0099926014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54273-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99926014zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 教廷與中華民國之外交關係
（一九四二年至二○一二年）: 歷史、挑戰與前景		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Diplomatic relations between the Republic of China (ROC) and the Holy See were established in 1942. However, after a devastating civil war, the Chinese Communists gained control of Mainland China in 1949 and established the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing. As a consequence, the Nationalist government of the ROC was forced to move from Nanking to Taipei, Taiwan. The Papal representative continued to remain at his post but the Communist government expelled him in 1951. In the following year, the Holy See decided to relocate its Apostolic Nunciature to Taipei and maintain its ties with the ROC. The tensions in the Strait between the two Chinese governments have put the Sino-Vatican relations to several tests. Indeed, the Vatican desires to normalize its relations with the PRC but is also confronted with two major issues imposed by Beijing which requests the direction of the Catholic Church in China and the end of the Holy See’s recognition of Taipei. It would strike a serious blow to Taipei if the Supreme government of the Catholic Church decides to break off diplomatic relations. It will also create a fragile position for Taiwan on the international diplomatic stage since the Holy See, at present, is the only European ally to officially recognize the ROC government. The relations of the Holy See with Taiwan are characterized by a mutually productive and cooperative partnership, especially in the promotion of human rights, culture, world peace and advocacy of religious freedom and alleviation of global poverty. This thesis aims to clarify the triangular situation between the Vatican, the ROC and the PRC and to show the challenges as well as the dilemmas the Holy See is confronted with in order to normalize its relations with China. First, this study explains the international status of the Holy See and its specific mission. Then, through a diachronic analysis, this thesis traces the evolution of Sino-Vatican relations to later on identify the difficulties the Holy See has to face across the Taiwan Strait. Then, it will analyze the efforts of Pope Benedict XVI to initiate a rapprochement with China and all the issues that have to be solved before negotiating any diplomatic ties. Based on this analysis, this thesis will show that the PRC and the Holy See are still at a stalemate and that the Vatican won’t move its Nunciature from Taipei in the foreseeable future.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments iii
Abstract vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Purpose of the Research 1
1.2. Literature Review 2
1.3. Theoretical Framework and Thesis Outline 9
1.4. Methodology and Procedure 10
2. The International Status of the Holy See 16
2.1. Introduction 16
2.2. The Legal Status of the Holy See in Public International Law 17
2.2.1. The Papal States and the Roman Question 17
2.2.2. The Holy See and its International Personality 18
2.3. The Holy See and the Founding of the Vatican City State 20
2.3.1. The Vatican City State: a Vassal State 20
2.3.2. Sovereignty and Independence of the Holy See 21
2.3.3. The Holy See: a Sui Generis Entity 23
2.4. The Mission and Interests of the Holy See 25
2.4.1. A Diplomacy at the Service of Peace 25
2.4.2. A Diplomacy at the Service of Religious Freedom 26
2.4.3. A Diplomacy at the Service of Humankind 27
2.5. Conclusion 29
3. Historical Evolution of Sino-Vatican Relations 32
3.1. Introduction 32
3.2. From the Apostolic Delegation to the Apostolic Nunciature in China 33
3.2.1. Archbishop Celso Costantini, First Apostolic Delegate to China 33
3.2.2. The Holy See and the Manchukuo 37
3.2.3. Archbishop Antonio Riberi, First Internuncio of the Holy See to China 40
3.3. Holy See’s Policy in China from Pope Pius XII to Pope Benedict XVI 42
3.3.1. Pope Pius XII 42
3.3.2. Pope John XXIII 47
3.3.3. Pope Paul VI 48
3.3.4. Pope John Paul II 50
3.3.5. Pope Benedict XVI 55
3.4. The ROC and the Holy See in “Ilha Formosa” 56
3.4.1. The First Arrival of the Catholic Church in Formosa 56
3.4.2. The Chinese Nationalists and the Apostolic Internuncio in Taiwan 57
3.4.3. The Holy See, Taiwan and the Entrance of the PRC at the United Nations 59
3.5. Conclusion 60
4. The Holy See and the Cross-Strait Conundrum 62
4.1. Introduction 62
4.2. The Ties and Shared Ideals between the Holy See and the Republic of China 63
4.2.1. Human Rights, Peace and Religious Freedom 63
4.2.2. Humanitarian Cooperation between the Holy See and Taiwan 68
4.2.3. Recent Agreements and cooperation between the Holy See and Taiwan 72
4.3. The Holy See and “the Two-China” Dilemma 74
4.3.1. The Holy See and the Article 56 of the PRC Common Program 74
4.3.2. Prudence of the Holy See’s Diplomacy in the Cross-Strait 77
4.3.3. Taiwan’s Concern by the Vatican’s Rapprochement Attempts with China 79
4.4. Pax Vobiscum: Cross-Strait Tensions and Papal Exhortations to dialogue 88
4.4.1. The Church of Taiwan : a Bridge-Church 88
4.4.2. Encouragements of the Holy See for Peace Between China and Taiwan 92
4.5. Conclusion 97
5. The Holy See and the Efforts of Rapprochement with China under the Pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI 100
5.1. Introduction 100
5.2. Pope Benedict XVI and his Attempts to Dialogue with China 101
5.2.1. The Beginning of a New Phase 101
5.2.2. Cardinal Zen and the Vatican’s New Policy on China 103
5.2.3. A Vatican “Private” Top Level Meeting on China in January 2007 104
5.3. Pope Benedict XVI’s Letter to Chinese Catholics 106
5.3.1. An Appeal for Cooperation at the Service of Humankind 106
5.3.2. An Appeal for a Unified Chinese Catholic Church 108
5.3.3. An Appeal for Religious Freedom: the Appointment of Bishops in China 109
5.4. The Aftermath of Pope Benedict XVI’s Letter to the Church in China 111
5.4.1. Reactions of the Chinese Government 111
5.4.2. Reactions of the Holy See 114
5.5. Conclusion 117
6. Difficulties in Normalizing Sino-Vatican Relations 118
6.1. Introduction 118
6.2. The Religious Policy of the PRC and its Practice 119
6.2.1. The Maoist Ideology vis-à-vis Religion 119
6.2.2. The Maoist ideology and Catholicism 122
6.2.3. Deng Xiaoping’s Open Door policy and its Effects on Religion 123
6.3. The challenge of the PRC to the Holy See: the Two Pre-Conditions 127
6.3.1. First Pre-condition: Relations with Taiwan 127
6.3.2. Second Pre-condition: Nominations of Bishops 130
6.4. Prospects on Negotiations: Gains, Risks and Losses 133
6.4.1. Potential Compromises on the Taiwan Issue 133
6.4.2. Religious Freedom and Appointments of Bishops 136
6.5. Conclusion 140
7. Scenarios on Sino-Vatican Relations 143
7.1. Introduction 143
7.2. The Model of Russia-Vatican Relations 143
7.2.1. Perestroika and Glasnost 143
7.2.2. The Vatican and the Russian Orthodox Church 145
7.2.3. Full Diplomatic Relations Between Russia and the Holy See 146
7.3. The Model of Vietnam-Vatican relations 147
7.3.1. The Historical Visit of Vietnam’s Prime Minister to the Vatican 147
7.3.2. The Pope’s Non-Resident Envoy to Vietnam 148
7.3.3. Nominations of Bishops in Vietnam 150
7.4. Can Sino-Vatican Relations Follow One of These Two Models? 151
7.4.1. Difficulties in Applying the Russian-Vatican Model 151
7.4.2. Limits of the Vietnam-Vatican Model for the Chinese Case 153
7.4.3. Prospects and Ways Forward 154
7.5. Conclusion 155
8. Conclusion 157
Annexes 162
Annex 1 : The Diplomatic Representatives of the Republic of China and the Holy See Papal Representatives. 162
Annex 2 : Taiwan Catholic Church Statistics in 2009 164
Annex 3 : Map of Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait 165
Annex 4 : Territory claimed by the Republic of China 166
Bibliography 167		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099926014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中華民國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教廷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中華人民共和國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中梵外交關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 梵蒂岡大使館zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宗教自由zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 挑戰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 困境zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 僵局zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Republic of Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Holy Seeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) People’s Republic of Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sino-Vatican diplomatic relationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Apostolic Nunciatureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) religious freedomen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) challengesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) dilemmasen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) stalemateen_US
dc.title (題名) 教廷與中華民國之外交關係 （一九四二年至二○一二年）: 歷史、挑戰與前景zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Diplomatic Relations between the Holy See and the Republic of China from 1942 to 2012: History, Challenges, and Perspectivesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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