1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 商學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 創新開端理論建立的軌跡與樣式
Trajectories and patterns of research towards theory-building in the early stage of front-end innovation
作者 劉世偉
Liu, Shi Wei
貢獻者 李仁芳
Lee, Jen Fang
劉世偉
Liu, Shi Wei
關鍵詞 理論建立
創新開端
theory-building
early stage of front-end innovation
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-十月-2012 10:40:36 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究透過瞭解理論發展的過程, 辨識學術文獻在創新開端發展的樣式與軌跡, 並以之為基礎, 分析該學術領域之研究概況與趨勢. 分析之單元為理論建立之過程以及學術文獻; 本研究之文獻資料主要來自於Journal of Product Innovation Management, Management Science, Journal of Marketing, R&D Management, Technovation, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Research Policy…等24份國際期刊, 共167篇文獻.
透過對於這些文獻的分析, 本研究辨識出三種類別, 14種研究的樣式與其相對應於理論建立過程的軌跡, 為理論建立過程提供了分類的依據, 同時也為”理論建立的理論(theory of theory-building)”提供了實徵研究的確認結果; 並以此樣式和軌跡為基礎, 分析創新開端目前研究的趨勢與概況, 提供創新開端領域目前學術研究概況的實徵數據; 本文最後將對本研究的限制提出說明, 以及對於未來可能的發展提出建議.
This study identifies trajectories and patterns of research towards theory-building in the early stage of front-end innovation. The trajectories and patterns serve as a tool to explore and analyze the trends and the landscape of current research situation in the domain of interest. The units of analysis are individual research project and the process of theory-building. The source of data come from 24 peer-review academic journals, including Journal of Product Innovation Management, Journal of Marketing, R&D Management, Technovation, Management Science, Research Policy…and so on. In total, 167 academic articles are collected for further analysis.
The result demonstrates that 14 patterns and corresponding trajectories along the theory-building process are identified. This study also discusses the possibilities of a research pattern that could be followed by these patterns and trajectories. In the end of the study, specific contributions to the knowledge of the early stage of front-end innovation are listed and future research opportunities are also suggested.
參考文獻 Bacharach, S. B. (1989) Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.496~515.
Baldwin, C.; Hienerth, C. and von Hippel, E. (2006) How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and Case Study. Research Policy, 35, p.1291~1313.
Barczak, et al. (2009) Perspective: Trends and Drivers of Success in NPD, Practices: Results of the 2003 PDMA Best Practices Study. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26, p.3~23.
Biemans, W., Griffin, A. and Moenaert, R. (2007) Twenty Years of the Journal of Product Innovation Management: History, Participants, and Knowledge Stock and Flows. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24, p.193~213.
Blaikie, N. (2007) Approaches to Social Enquiry. Polity Press.
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G. and Williams, J. M. (2003) The Craft of Research. 2nd Edition. The University of Chicago Press.
Carey, S. (1986) Cognitive Science and Science Education. American Psychologiest, 41(10), p.1123~1130.
Carlile, P. and Christensen, C. M. (2005) Academic Malpractice and Practice in Management Research. Working Paper. Harvard Business School. Cambridge, MA.
Chang, S., Chen, C. and Wey, S. (2007) Conceptualinzing, Assessing, and Managing Front-End Fuzziness in Innovation/NPD Projects. R&D Management, 37(5), p.469~479.
Chrisensen, C. M. and Raynor, M. E. (2003) The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth. Harvard Business School Press.
Christensen, C. M. (2006) The Ongoing Process of Building a Theory of Disruption. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(1), p.39~55.
Cooper, R. G. (1988) Predevelopment Activities Determine New Product Success. Industrial Marketing Management, 17, p.237~247.
Cooper, R. G. (1996) Overhauling the New Product Process. Industrial Marketing Management, 25, p.465~482.
Dahl, D. W. and Moreau, P. (2002) The Influence and Value of Analogical Thinking During New Product Ideation. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), p.47~60.
Easterby-Smith, M.; Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P. R. (2010) Management Research. SAGE.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989) Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.532~550.
Eisenhardt, K. M. and Graebner, M. E. (2007) Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities and Challenges, Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), p.25~32.
Feldman, L. P. and Page, A. L. (1984) Principles vs. Practice in New Product Planning. Journal of Product Innovation Development, 1, p.43~55.
Franke, N.; von Hippel, E. and Schreier, M. (2006) Finding Commercially Attractive User Innovations: A Test of Lead-User Theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23, p.301~315.
Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine Publishing Company.
Hansen, M. T. and Birkinshaw, J. (2006) Want to Improve Innovation? Tailor Your Solution, Don’t Improve Best Innovation Practices. Working Paper, INSEAD Business School.
Hansen, M. T. and Birkinshaw, J. (2007) The Innovation Value Chain. Harvard Business Review, Jun, p.121~130.
Harvey, et al. (2010) Academic Journal Quality Guide. The Association of Businsss Schools.
Holbrook, M. B. (2006) Consumption Experience, Customer Value, and Subjective Personal Introspection: An Illustrative Photographic Essay. Journal of Business Research, 59, p.714~725.
Johnson, P. and Duberley, J. (2000) Understanding Management Research. SAGE.
Kaplan, R. S. (1986) The Role for Empirical Resaerch in Management Accounting. Accouonting, Organizations and Society, 11(4/5), p.429~452
Khurana, A. and Rosenthal, S. R. (1997) Integrating the Fuzzy Front End of New Product Development. MIT Sloan Management Review, 38(2), p.103~120.
Khurana, A. and Rosenthal, S. R. (1998) Towards Holistic “Front Ends” in New Product development, 15, p.57~74.
Kilduff, M. (2006) Editor’s Comments: Publishing Theory. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), pp.252~255.
Kim, J. and Wilemon, D. (2002) Focusing the Fuzzy Front-End in New Product Development. R&D Management, 32(4), p.269~279.
Langley, A. (1999) Strategies for Theorizing from Process Data. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), p.691~710.
Linton, J. D. and Thongpapanl, N. (2004) Perspective: Ranking the Technology Innovation Management Journals. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21, p.123~139.
Luchs, M. and Swan, K. S. (2011) Perspective: The Emergence of Product Design as a Field of Marketing Inquiry. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28, p.327~345.
Markus, M. L. and Robey, D. (1988) Information Technology and Organizational Change: Causal Structure in Theory and Research. Management Science, 34(5), p.583~598.
Meredith, J. R. et al. (1989) Alternative Research Paradigms in Operations. Journal of Operations Management, 8(4), p.297~326.
Meredith, J. (1993) Theory Building through Conceptual Methods. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 13(5), p.3~11.
Mintzberg, H. (1994) The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning. New York: Free Press.
Mohr, L. B. (1982) Explaining Organizational Behavior. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Murphy, S. A. and Kumar, V. (1997) The Front End of New Product Development: A Canadian Survey. R&D Management, 27(1), p. 5~15.
Poole, R. S. and Van de Ven, A. H. (1989) Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.562~578.
Sabherwal, R. and Robey, D. (1995) Reconciling Variance and Process Strategies for Studying Information System Development. Information Systems Research, 6(4), p.303~327.
Schon, D. A. (1983) The Reflection Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
Senge, P. M. (1993) The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization. Century Business.
Sutton, R. I. and Staw, B. M. (1995) What Theory is Not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(3), p.371~384.
Swamidass, P. M. (1991) Empirical Science: New Frontier in Operations Management Research. Academy of Management Reivew, 16(4), p.793~814.
Urban, G. L. and von Hippel, E. (1988) Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products. Management Science, 34(5), p.569~582.
Van de Ven, A. H. (1989) Nothing is Quite So Practical as a Good Theory. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.486~489.
Von Hippel, E. (1976) The Dominant Roles of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process. Research Policy, 5, p.212~239.
Von Hippel, E. (1977) Transferring Process Equipment Innovations from User-Innovators to Equipment Manufacturing Firms. R&D Management, 8(1), p.13~22.
Von Hippel, E. (1978) Successful Industrial Products from Customer Ideas. Journal of Marketing, 42, p.39~39.
Von Hippel, E. (1986) Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts. Management Science, 32(7), p.691~705
Von Hippel, E., Thomke, S. and Sonnack, M. (1999) Creating Breakthroughs at 3M. Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct, p.3~9.
Wacker, J. G. (1998) A Definition of Theory: Research Guidelines for Different Theory-Building Research Methods in Operations Management. Journal of Operations Management, 16, p.361~385.
Webster, J. and Watson, R. T. (2002) Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), p.xiii~xxiii.
Weick, K. E. (1989) Theory Construction as Disciplined Imagination. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.516~531.
Wickens, et al., (2004) An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering. Prentice Hall.
Yin, R. K. (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th Ed.). SAGE.
林孟彥譯 (2006) 管理學(第八版). 華泰文化出版
謝靜玫譯 (2011) 了解「人」你才知道怎麼設計! 洞悉設計的100個感知密碼. 旗標出版股份有限公司.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
95359040
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095359040
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李仁芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Jen Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉世偉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu, Shi Weien_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉世偉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Shi Weien_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-十月-2012 10:40:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-十月-2012 10:40:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-十月-2012 10:40:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0095359040en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54296-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95359040zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究透過瞭解理論發展的過程, 辨識學術文獻在創新開端發展的樣式與軌跡, 並以之為基礎, 分析該學術領域之研究概況與趨勢. 分析之單元為理論建立之過程以及學術文獻; 本研究之文獻資料主要來自於Journal of Product Innovation Management, Management Science, Journal of Marketing, R&D Management, Technovation, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Research Policy…等24份國際期刊, 共167篇文獻.
透過對於這些文獻的分析, 本研究辨識出三種類別, 14種研究的樣式與其相對應於理論建立過程的軌跡, 為理論建立過程提供了分類的依據, 同時也為”理論建立的理論(theory of theory-building)”提供了實徵研究的確認結果; 並以此樣式和軌跡為基礎, 分析創新開端目前研究的趨勢與概況, 提供創新開端領域目前學術研究概況的實徵數據; 本文最後將對本研究的限制提出說明, 以及對於未來可能的發展提出建議.		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study identifies trajectories and patterns of research towards theory-building in the early stage of front-end innovation. The trajectories and patterns serve as a tool to explore and analyze the trends and the landscape of current research situation in the domain of interest. The units of analysis are individual research project and the process of theory-building. The source of data come from 24 peer-review academic journals, including Journal of Product Innovation Management, Journal of Marketing, R&D Management, Technovation, Management Science, Research Policy…and so on. In total, 167 academic articles are collected for further analysis.
The result demonstrates that 14 patterns and corresponding trajectories along the theory-building process are identified. This study also discusses the possibilities of a research pattern that could be followed by these patterns and trajectories. In the end of the study, specific contributions to the knowledge of the early stage of front-end innovation are listed and future research opportunities are also suggested.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 序 6
致謝 7
圖目錄 8
表目錄 10
中文摘要 11
英文摘要 12
第一章 緒論 13
1-1 研究背景 13
1-2 研究動機 15
1-3 樣式與軌跡之定義 16
1-4 研究重要性 17
1-4-1 對於學術研究的重要性 17
1-4-2 對於實務的重要性 17
1-5 研究範疇 18
1-6 研究目標與目的 19
1-7 研究問題 20
1-8 預期貢獻 20
1-9 研究架構與流程 21
第二章 文獻回顧 22
2-1 本章概述 22
2-2 何謂理論 22
2-2-1 理論的刻板印象與功用 22
2-2-2 理論不等於心智模式 22
2-2-3 理論探討的問題與範圍 23
2-2-4 理論的重要性 24
2-2-5 構念與變數 24
2-2-6 命題與假說 24
2-2-7 理論的定義 25
2-2-8 理論與定律 25
2-2-9 什麼不是理論 25
2-3 問題類別、前題條件與理論的關係 26
2-3-1 關於前題條件的疑問 26
2-3-2 何謂充分條件、必要條件以及充分與必要條件 26
2-3-3 前題條件、問題類型與形成理論的關係 28
2-4 理論的建構 30
2-4-1 理論從何開始 30
2-4-2 理論發展與哲學思維的衝突 31
2-4-3 理論發展與知識探究的關係 32
2-4-4 理論發展與研究目的的關係 32
2-4-5 理論建立的過程 33
2-5 本文理論分析的模型 38
第三章 研究方法 39
3-1 本章概述 39
3-2 分析單元 39
3-3 資料蒐集來源 39
3-4 文獻資料蒐集 43
3-4-1 資料庫之選擇 43
3-4-2 檢索條件 43
3-5 資料的分類 45
第四章 研究結果與分析 46
4-1 本章概述 46
4-2 創新開端主要期刊與文獻之概況 46
4-2-1 主要期刊分佈狀況 46
4-2-2 文獻的分佈 47
4-2-3 本研究主要期刊文獻發表的分佈狀況 48
4-3 創新開端研究樣式與軌跡 49
4-3-1 理論建立樣式與軌跡的歸納 49
4-3-2 理論建立樣式與軌跡的介紹 50
4-4 以研究樣式與軌跡分析創新開端研究概況 58
4-4-1 歷年發表文獻之分析 58
4-4-2 文獻數量統計分析 59
4-4-3 第一階段文獻概況分析 60
4-4-4 第二階段文獻概況分析 61
4-4-5 第三階段文獻概況分析 61
第五章 結論與建議 63
5-1 本章概述 63
5-2 研究結論 63
5-2-1 創新開端研究的軌跡與樣式 63
5-2-2 創新開端研究的概況與趨勢 66
5-3 具體貢獻 67
5-4 建議 67
參考文獻 69		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095359040en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 理論建立zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新開端zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) theory-buildingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) early stage of front-end innovationen_US
dc.title (題名) 創新開端理論建立的軌跡與樣式zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Trajectories and patterns of research towards theory-building in the early stage of front-end innovationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bacharach, S. B. (1989) Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.496~515.
Baldwin, C.; Hienerth, C. and von Hippel, E. (2006) How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and Case Study. Research Policy, 35, p.1291~1313.
Barczak, et al. (2009) Perspective: Trends and Drivers of Success in NPD, Practices: Results of the 2003 PDMA Best Practices Study. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26, p.3~23.
Biemans, W., Griffin, A. and Moenaert, R. (2007) Twenty Years of the Journal of Product Innovation Management: History, Participants, and Knowledge Stock and Flows. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24, p.193~213.
Blaikie, N. (2007) Approaches to Social Enquiry. Polity Press.
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G. and Williams, J. M. (2003) The Craft of Research. 2nd Edition. The University of Chicago Press.
Carey, S. (1986) Cognitive Science and Science Education. American Psychologiest, 41(10), p.1123~1130.
Carlile, P. and Christensen, C. M. (2005) Academic Malpractice and Practice in Management Research. Working Paper. Harvard Business School. Cambridge, MA.
Chang, S., Chen, C. and Wey, S. (2007) Conceptualinzing, Assessing, and Managing Front-End Fuzziness in Innovation/NPD Projects. R&D Management, 37(5), p.469~479.
Chrisensen, C. M. and Raynor, M. E. (2003) The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth. Harvard Business School Press.
Christensen, C. M. (2006) The Ongoing Process of Building a Theory of Disruption. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(1), p.39~55.
Cooper, R. G. (1988) Predevelopment Activities Determine New Product Success. Industrial Marketing Management, 17, p.237~247.
Cooper, R. G. (1996) Overhauling the New Product Process. Industrial Marketing Management, 25, p.465~482.
Dahl, D. W. and Moreau, P. (2002) The Influence and Value of Analogical Thinking During New Product Ideation. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), p.47~60.
Easterby-Smith, M.; Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P. R. (2010) Management Research. SAGE.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989) Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.532~550.
Eisenhardt, K. M. and Graebner, M. E. (2007) Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities and Challenges, Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), p.25~32.
Feldman, L. P. and Page, A. L. (1984) Principles vs. Practice in New Product Planning. Journal of Product Innovation Development, 1, p.43~55.
Franke, N.; von Hippel, E. and Schreier, M. (2006) Finding Commercially Attractive User Innovations: A Test of Lead-User Theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23, p.301~315.
Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine Publishing Company.
Hansen, M. T. and Birkinshaw, J. (2006) Want to Improve Innovation? Tailor Your Solution, Don’t Improve Best Innovation Practices. Working Paper, INSEAD Business School.
Hansen, M. T. and Birkinshaw, J. (2007) The Innovation Value Chain. Harvard Business Review, Jun, p.121~130.
Harvey, et al. (2010) Academic Journal Quality Guide. The Association of Businsss Schools.
Holbrook, M. B. (2006) Consumption Experience, Customer Value, and Subjective Personal Introspection: An Illustrative Photographic Essay. Journal of Business Research, 59, p.714~725.
Johnson, P. and Duberley, J. (2000) Understanding Management Research. SAGE.
Kaplan, R. S. (1986) The Role for Empirical Resaerch in Management Accounting. Accouonting, Organizations and Society, 11(4/5), p.429~452
Khurana, A. and Rosenthal, S. R. (1997) Integrating the Fuzzy Front End of New Product Development. MIT Sloan Management Review, 38(2), p.103~120.
Khurana, A. and Rosenthal, S. R. (1998) Towards Holistic “Front Ends” in New Product development, 15, p.57~74.
Kilduff, M. (2006) Editor’s Comments: Publishing Theory. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), pp.252~255.
Kim, J. and Wilemon, D. (2002) Focusing the Fuzzy Front-End in New Product Development. R&D Management, 32(4), p.269~279.
Langley, A. (1999) Strategies for Theorizing from Process Data. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), p.691~710.
Linton, J. D. and Thongpapanl, N. (2004) Perspective: Ranking the Technology Innovation Management Journals. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21, p.123~139.
Luchs, M. and Swan, K. S. (2011) Perspective: The Emergence of Product Design as a Field of Marketing Inquiry. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28, p.327~345.
Markus, M. L. and Robey, D. (1988) Information Technology and Organizational Change: Causal Structure in Theory and Research. Management Science, 34(5), p.583~598.
Meredith, J. R. et al. (1989) Alternative Research Paradigms in Operations. Journal of Operations Management, 8(4), p.297~326.
Meredith, J. (1993) Theory Building through Conceptual Methods. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 13(5), p.3~11.
Mintzberg, H. (1994) The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning. New York: Free Press.
Mohr, L. B. (1982) Explaining Organizational Behavior. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Murphy, S. A. and Kumar, V. (1997) The Front End of New Product Development: A Canadian Survey. R&D Management, 27(1), p. 5~15.
Poole, R. S. and Van de Ven, A. H. (1989) Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.562~578.
Sabherwal, R. and Robey, D. (1995) Reconciling Variance and Process Strategies for Studying Information System Development. Information Systems Research, 6(4), p.303~327.
Schon, D. A. (1983) The Reflection Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
Senge, P. M. (1993) The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization. Century Business.
Sutton, R. I. and Staw, B. M. (1995) What Theory is Not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(3), p.371~384.
Swamidass, P. M. (1991) Empirical Science: New Frontier in Operations Management Research. Academy of Management Reivew, 16(4), p.793~814.
Urban, G. L. and von Hippel, E. (1988) Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products. Management Science, 34(5), p.569~582.
Van de Ven, A. H. (1989) Nothing is Quite So Practical as a Good Theory. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.486~489.
Von Hippel, E. (1976) The Dominant Roles of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process. Research Policy, 5, p.212~239.
Von Hippel, E. (1977) Transferring Process Equipment Innovations from User-Innovators to Equipment Manufacturing Firms. R&D Management, 8(1), p.13~22.
Von Hippel, E. (1978) Successful Industrial Products from Customer Ideas. Journal of Marketing, 42, p.39~39.
Von Hippel, E. (1986) Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts. Management Science, 32(7), p.691~705
Von Hippel, E., Thomke, S. and Sonnack, M. (1999) Creating Breakthroughs at 3M. Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct, p.3~9.
Wacker, J. G. (1998) A Definition of Theory: Research Guidelines for Different Theory-Building Research Methods in Operations Management. Journal of Operations Management, 16, p.361~385.
Webster, J. and Watson, R. T. (2002) Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), p.xiii~xxiii.
Weick, K. E. (1989) Theory Construction as Disciplined Imagination. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), p.516~531.
Wickens, et al., (2004) An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering. Prentice Hall.
Yin, R. K. (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th Ed.). SAGE.
林孟彥譯 (2006) 管理學(第八版). 華泰文化出版
謝靜玫譯 (2011) 了解「人」你才知道怎麼設計! 洞悉設計的100個感知密碼. 旗標出版股份有限公司.		zh_TW